英语自学方法

英语自学方法
英语自学方法

英语自学方法论

I often hear teachers say that I must think in English. How can I do that?

Thinking in a second language is difficult, because you must be quite comfortable with that language in order to do it. There is no real way to train yourself; it just happens naturally as you get more and more comfortable with English. However, here are some things to keep in mind.

1. Try to answer questions that the teachers or other people ask you in English, without first trying to think of how you would say it in Chinese.

2. Think of how you would say it in Chinese only when you get really stuck.

3. You can also try and memorize some basic grammatical structures of English sentences to help you construct your own sentences.

4. Lastly, keep listening to English. As you hear the way others use certain words and phrases, make note of it and try to use it yourself. Keep practicing!

Is above useful to you?

How can I improve my reading and writing skills?

Here are some ideas you can try, There is a magazine, It"s name is Studio Classroom (空中英语教室)and you can use it!

1. Read aloud with the teachers. You will learn to read more smoothly, and your intonation and expression will improve. Don"t stop when you stumble on a word. Mark it and continue reading. After you finish reading, go back and practice your problem words.

2. Don"t stop to look up every new word in your dictionary. Read an entire paragraph. Underline words you do not understand. After reading the paragraph, try to guess the meanings of the words. Then check your dictionary. You will remember more words this way. Use an English/English dictionary whenever possible.

3. Practice writing mechanics. Rewrite a paragraph, changing it in some way. For example, if the paragraph is in present tense, change it to past. If the subject is "he" or "she," change it to "I" or "you."

4. Choose a sentence pattern from an article. Write three or four new sentences using that pattern. Examples: I enjoy listening to the songs he sings. They enjoy eating the food she cooks. She enjoys reading the articles we wrote.

5. Write sentences with the Word Bank words. Share them with your friends, or keep them in a journal.

6. Choose an article topic to write about. If the topic is a foreign country, write what you know about it or what you would do if you went there.

7. After studying a conversation article, write your own conversation on the same topic. Use words and phrases from the article.

8. Write your opinion of an article topic. Share it with a friend. Find a Studio Classroom pen pal. Agree to write each other once

a week and discuss an article by letter

How can I practice speaking in English if I don"t have any foreign friends?

Don"t wait till you meet a foreigner before you try speaking English. In fact, you can use your magazine to improve your speaking. Practice using some of the tips below, and next time you talk to a foreigner, you should already see the difference. 1. To improve your pronunciation, record the daily reading. Choose one paragraph and record yourself reading it. Then compare the teacher"s reading with your own. You will discover sounds you need to practice, and you will learn more about phrasing and intonation.

2. To increase your understanding of the teachers" discussion, read the article first. If you do not understand it, read the Chinese translation. Then read the English article again. Do not go back and forth between English and Chinese. Learn English in English.

3. Don"t get distracted when you do not understand a word. Listen for ideas and meanings, not just individual words. To increase your understanding, record the program and listen again.

4. Be an active listener. When the teacher asks a question, try to answer it yourself. Make a list of questions about the lesson. Then answer them yourself, or ask a friend.

5. Listen to the program with a friend. After the program, talk about it in English. Share your opinions and what you learned about the articles.

6. Use the words and phrases you learn in the articles. Speak to someone every day in English.

questions to discuss. Studying English can be fun. But you must be patient with yourself. Learning to use a foreign language takes time and effort. Keep a positive attitude and try to enjoy learning. Knowing a second language opens up a whole new world. Try some of these ideas and have fun learning!

Please give me some tips on making a speech.

Ok, there are some tips on making a speech, perhaps, it"s useful for you:

* Know your audience. Understanding who you are speaking to will guide you in choosing a topic or topic angle.

* Set a purpose. Know what you want to accomplish, how you will do it, and why you are presenting the subject to the listeners. * Write an outline before preparing the speech. Write the body first. Then write the introduction and the conclusion last.

* The body of the speech should hold the listeners" attention. Give the main points and back them up with specific viewpoints. Use plenty of details.

* Make the introduction lively. Use a question, a joke or a short story to draw your audience into the topic.

* State a strong conclusion. Quote a famous person or challenge the audience to use the information you"ve just given to them. * Practice in front of a mirror. Then present the speech to a friend or relative. You might want to tape-record (or videotape) your speech and listen to it yourself, too.

* Don"t wait until the last minute to prepare.

* Don"t write out the speech word-for-word and memorize it.

* Don"t make your speech too long or too short.

* Don"t try to cover too much material.

* Don"t go to bed too late the night before your speech.

* Don"t look at your notes the entire time.

* Don"t stand like a statue or move around too much.

* Don"t talk too fast.

I need to make an impromptu speech tomorrow. How can I prepare?

Impromptu speeches make everyone nervous. When given an impromptu topic, plan carefully. Take a minute and write down a few ideas that you might talk about. For example, if your topic is chewing gum, think about things like colors, flavors, why people use it, etc. Then choose the best two or three. Organize them in order of importance. Don"t worry about using fancy vocabulary words. Just try to be clear and direct. Stick to your subject. Like anything else, giving impromptu speeches takes practice. Try to prepare a two-minute impromptu speech on one of the following topics. Then give it in front of the mirror.

* A childhood memory

* Your ultimate dream house

* Something you"d love to do but will never have the time

* A famous person you would like to meet

* What you think you will be doing in five years

How to love learning English — improving your motivation

Before you start reading, you should know this: Learning English requires action. You may know all the learning tips, but if you don"t start doing things, you will achieve nothing. Therefore our method is not just for reading; it is for reading and doing.

You need two things to learn English well — passion and effective learning methods — and passion is the more important one. Why? Because passion makes you want to learn English; the learning methods only tell you how to do it faster.

If you love learning English:

You will do it regularly and spend more time on it.

Learning English will be easier for you. It will be easy for you to remember new words and grammar structures. It"s because the brain easily remembers information on a subject that you like. (For example, some people like history and know everything about World War II. If you told a "normal person" to memorize all these facts, they would never do it.)

We know you may not love learning English. And even if you love it, you will sometimes not want to do it. This is how human psychology works — sometimes we are so lazy, bored, and tired that we don"t want to do even the things that we like.

Here is what you can do when you don"t feel like learning English:

Imagine yourself in the future

as well as you do. Imagine the possibility of writing e-mail to people from all over the world.

It is helpful to read an article about the advantages of knowing English well. There are two such articles on Antimoon: Why learn English and English makes you feel good.

You should know that it is possible to learn English really well. Just look at other people who have done it.

Remember that you are already good

You already know some English (you"re reading an article in English right now). That"s a big success! Now it"s time for more successes. Time to start using powerful methods of effective learning. Time to gain an impressive knowledge of English. Remember there is a lot that you don"t know

You are good, but your English probably isn"t perfect. You probably can"t understand English-language TV, read books in English, talk to native speakers easily, write letters without mistakes, etc.

You should never think your English is perfect. Even if you are the best student in your class, always try to find your weak areas and work on them. When you"ve learned to speak English well, your problems will be quite small: punctuation, rarely used grammar structures, rare words, understanding "street language". Right now, your problems are probably more basic: mistakes in pronunciation, small vocabulary, grammar problems with the present perfect tense and conditional structures.

Use your English whenever you can

This is very, very important. The more you use English, the more you will want to learn it.

Because English is so popular, you can use it everywhere. You can use Yahoo to find English-language websites with interesting information, you can watch American cartoons, you can play adventure games on your computer, you can read interesting books in English, or you can do other things that we write about.

If you do these things, you will not only have fun and learn English. If you see that a new English word lets you understand your favorite TV show (or communicate with people, or beat a computer game), you will want to learn more words. So you will learn English more, use it more, learn it more, use it more... If you also use effective learning methods, your English will grow faster than you can imagine.

Talk to people about English

This is a very simple method, but it is very effective. Here"s how it works:

You usually talk about things which interest you. But the opposite is true, too. If you start talking about a boring subject, you will begin to get interested in it.

Imagine you are studying a subject that you hate. You are bored and tired, but you have to pass the test tomorrow. If there are people near you, you have two options: you can tell everybody how much you are suffering or you can tell those people about the things you"ve learned. If you choose the first option, you will only feel worse.

If you choose the second option, and start a conversation on the "boring" subject, you will begin to look at it in a totally different way. Suddenly it will become a subject worth talking about — therefore, an interesting subject.

How can you begin such a conversation? If you"re studying English, you can surprise another person by talking to him/her in English. Say (in English): Hi, I"m studying English and I hate it. Or you can say (in your first language): Hey, I"ve learned 50 English words today. Do you know what"s the English word for ...? If there are no people near you, you can telephone or send an e-mail message to your friend.

What will your friends say? Probably they won"t be very interested, but it doesn"t matter! The important thing is this: After talking about English, you will study it with much more passion. Try it.

Find a friend who is learning English

If you can find a friend who is learning English and is on a similar level of skill, you will be in an excellent situation:

you will have someone to talk about English with. These conversations will increase your interest in English, as explained in the previous section.

learning English will be easier, because you will be able to discuss your problems with your friend.

you will study English more, because you will want to be better than your friend.

You should meet your friend regularly. Ideally, he/she should live near you, or go to the same school as you. If you absolutely can"t find anybody willing to learn English with you, you can try to find somebody by e-mail. This is a worse solution: your conversations will probably be less frequent, and it is difficult to compete with someone who you don"t know well.

Spend some money on learning English

If you spend your money on something, you will want to use it. For example, if you buy an expensive tennis racket, you will probably go out and play tennis every day.

SuperMemo collection, an interesting English-language book, English-language cable TV, etc. The idea is simple: You paid for it, so you will want to use it, and you will improve your English.

There is a problem with this method. It only works for a short time. You usually lose your desire to learn English after a few days. To keep learning, you would have to buy something every week!

However, this method is helpful, because it gives you an impulse to start learning. For example, if you buy a dictionary of phrasal verbs, you will probably learn some words from it. Then you should try to use them. For example, write an e-mail message with these words. This will increase your motivation (as explained before), and you will learn more.

Read Unlimited Power by Anthony Robbins

Anthony Robbins" book Unlimited Power: The New Science of Personal Achievement gives excellent advice on how to achieve any kind of goal. This book has changed the lives of many people, so you might want to take a look at it.

Remember that learning English requires action

We have said this many times. One small action is more powerful than reading hundreds of articles. Yes, we know it is very hard to do things, even if they are good for us. We humans are lazy creatures. That is why not many people speak English well. Still, we hope you can do the things we talk about in our English learning method — not only read about them. You will be successful only if you change something about your life.

Don"t put it off. Begin now.

英语阅读的基本阅读方法及技能

阅读是一个积极的、解决问题的过程,需要多种阅读技巧的互相配合。英语阅读(一)是使考生大量接触英语读物和培养考生阅读能力的一门实践基础课程。本课程以阅读文史类简易读物为主,使考生扩大自己的词汇广度和知识深度,复习和巩固已经学会的词汇及语法项目,逐步提高阅读速度、阅读技能和理解能力,并对英美国家的社会和文化有所了解;最终达到读懂文史类简易读物以及与其难度相当的其它文章的水平。

为此,《英语阅读(一)自学考试大纲》在“关于大纲中阅读单项技能”的说明中明确指出:阅读技能包括:

1.预览(previewing)和略读(skimming):获得总体印象和大概信息

2.寻读(scanning):快速查找特定信息

3.利用如下手段推测生词词义:

1)构词方法

2)语法结构

3)语境和上下文线索

4)学习者的一般知识

4.辨别能力,包括能够辨别:

1)相关与无关事实

2)主要思想与相关细节

3)主要论点与相关论据

4)阐述与例证

5)整体与部分

6)过程与阶段

7)事实与观点

8)因与果

9)表层与深层意义

5.判断指代关系(reference)

6.进行预测(predicting)

7.得出合乎逻辑的结论

8.作出合理的判断

9.作出准确的判断

10.进行概括

教材和测试样题的阅读理解材料,都分为两部分:中等难度的阅读和难度浅易的快速阅读,阅读速度要求前者为每分钟80~100个单词,了解中心大意、抓住主要论点或情节、熟悉文章的结构布局;后者为每分钟快速阅读250~350词左右的难度浅易的文章,快速获取所需信息,并能根据阅读技巧推测和判断词义。为了更好地帮助读者提高阅读水平,达到大纲所要求的目标,方便学习,笔者将从大纲要求的阅读技能归纳为下述六类:1.掌握文章的主旨及大意(即主题

推理判断语气态度;6.理会作者的观点和态度。要掌握以上阅读技能,了解和掌握基本的阅读方法是必不可少的。

第一节、基本阅读方法

这里我们就上述几个方面作一些简单的介绍,并辅之以具体例子,相信能对考生有所帮助。就目前情况看,大部分读者的阅读理解能力仍有待于提高。一个重要的原因是他们缺乏良好的阅读习惯,没有掌握正确的阅读方法,不具备应有的阅读技巧。

聪明的读者会运用合适的方法解决阅读中遇到的问题。他们在开始阅读之前就知道自己为什幺阅读这一部分,期望在阅读过程中发现所需要的信息。阅读中一个突出的问题是词汇。如果不具备基本的词汇量,就无法理解文章的意思。但任何人都不可能在阅读任何材料时都没有生词。遇到生词时怎幺办?这是要解决的第一个问题。

遇到生词时,读者可采取几种不同的方法。首先,他可以继续读下去,因为一个词并不影响对整篇文章的理解。如果后面的阅读不能解决问题,他可以借助下面的方法理解词义:一是用语境所提供的线索,看其前后的词和语法结构是否提供关于该词词义的有关信息。二是用构词分析的办法,通过对构成该词的各个部分的理解达到对该词的理解。三是用词典,找到对该词的合适解释。

根据语境猜测词义涉及下述信息:(1)了解你正在读的文章的题目;(2)了解生词出现的句子中其它词的意义;(3)了解生词出现的句子的语法结构。

构词分析法是了解词义的另一种方法。许多英语单词是由古英语、希腊语和拉丁语的部分构成的。通过对词干的理解和对词的前后缀的分析可以理解一个词的词义。有时候一个单词的意义关系到对整篇文章的理解。在这种情况下,如果语境分析和构词分析都不能解决问题,就有必要查字典找到恰当的词义。

有四种基本的阅读方法:略读、寻读、细读和批评性阅读。略读是为了了解一篇文章的中心思想而进行的快速阅读。用这种快速阅读方法来决定认真仔细的阅读是否必要,或在没有足够的时间进行细读时使用。寻读也是一种快速阅读方法。但它的目的不是了解文章的大意,而是找出所需要的具体信息。当你为了找出某个日期、名字或数字时,你用的就是寻读法。细读是为了了解文章的全部意义而进行的仔细阅读。通过细读读者能够概述作者的观点,但尚不能对这些观点进行评价。批评性阅读要求读者对所读的内容作出评判。这种阅读要求读者提出并回答下述问题:我本人的经历与作者的观点吻合吗?我赞同作者的观点吗?作者的论点和论据使我信服吗?

不论是在教材的学习,还是在参加考试的过程中,了解所阅读的内容和所要达到的目标尤为重要。几乎所有的阅读目标都不外乎围绕着下述六类:1.文章的主旨及大意(即主题思想);2.主要事实、特定信息或细节;3.逻辑推理判断;4.篇章结构和语法;5.语气态度;6.词汇。用略读法解答第1类问题,用寻读法解答第2类问题,用细读法解答第4、第6类问题,用批评性阅读法解答第5、第6类问题。下面我们详细讨论。

(一)略读法

这种方法的主要目的是通过略读,了解文章的大意和主旨,对所读材料的体裁、结构和逻辑关系有一定了解,并弄清问题的要求、提问方式,从而判断并确定问题的类型。略读时,应注意以下几点:

第一,注意提高速度,防止断续停顿;保持精力集中,避免心不在焉。由于略读的目的和回答对象是文章的主旨思想,所以注意力不应用于记忆某些细节问题上,如数据、人名、地名等。试看下例:

阅读下面段落,判断文章的中心思想。

Herbal medicine is common to all races and peoples——Asian, Chinese, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Indian and others. A Chinese herbal written in 2500 BC listed 365 herbs. Papyri from Egypt dated to 1550 BC revealed a knowledge of 700 plant medicines, many of which are known and used today: elder, juniper, gentian, fennel, linseed, myrh and peppermint. During the Greek and Roman civilizations, Hippocrates, Galen, Dioscorides, Theophrastus and any other physicians extended herbal knowledge providing detailed medicinal descriptions. Following the advent of printing came many great European herbals, one of the most famous being Gerard"s herbal printed in 1636 which gave the medicinal uses of about 3800 plants.

略读上文,便知所有文字几乎都是针对Herbal medicine is common to all races and peoples 进行说明解释,所以中心思想从这一主题句中获得。对于一些名称如:Asian, Chinese, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Indian; elder, juniper, gentian, fennel, linseed, myrh, peppermint; Hippocrates, Galen, Dioscorides, Theophrastus;以及数据:2500 BC,365,1550 BC,700,1636,3800等则没有必要一一过目,更没必要仔细推敲理解它们的词义和含意,否则,就不称其为略读。

第二,以关键词语为目标,快速扫视全文,避免逐词理解,逐词分析。关键词语主要有三种:一是文章中的标题、引号部分、粗体字、黑体字、斜体字和划线部分;二是一些起承上启下,表明原因结果的过渡词语;三是句子中的名词、动词、形容词等。

试略读下面段落,根据斜体部分确定文章的中心思想。

There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to certain goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then the price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more

What is the best title which expresses the ideas of the passage?

A. Economic Principle

B. Law of Supply and Demand

C. More Goods, Lower Prices

D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices

E. Government Controls Supply and Demand

在回答这一问题时,我们略读一下斜体字部分断断续续组成的“段落”便可作出正确选择:principle…determine prices; law of supply and demand; supply means…certain goods; If…more goods than wanted; price…falls; if…the demand…greater; the price rises; manufacturers prefer to sell goods at increased prices.从这段语法不全的“段落”,可以获得意义完整的中心,就是“供求规律”对价格升降的影响,所以正确答案是B。

第三,略读的要点是关键词语,而不仅仅是关键词。略读时应按词语、意群去阅读,如果略读是以单个词为单位,势必会改变略读的特点,特别是遇到词组时,尤为如此,应该把整个词组作为一个整体,而不是逐词阅读。如get rid of,当阅读这一关键词组时,绝不能进行逐词理解,否则就势必先理解get,rid,of各个词的含义,从而放慢了阅读速度,影响了略读的效果。

第四,抓住题首句,辨明结论句。这两类句子基本概括了文章的大意,略读时正确地把握它们,便可水到渠成地回答有关文章中心思想的提问。

第五,不为生词所阻,根据文章的上下文关系及整体结构猜测词义。

By the time the first European travelers on the American continent began to record some of their observations about Indians, the Cherokee people had developed an advanced culture that probably was exceeded only by the civilized tribes of the Southwest: Mayan and Aztec groups. The social structures of the Cherokee people consisted of a form of clan kinship in which there were seven recognized clans. All members of a clan were considered blood brothers and sisters and were bound by honor to defend any member of that clan from wrong. Each clan, the Bird, Paint, Deer, Wolf, Blue, Long Hair, and Wild Potato was represented in the civil council by a counselor or counselors. The chief of the tribe was selected from one of these clans and did not inherit his office from his kinsmen. Actually, there were two chiefs, a Peace chief and a War chief. The Peace chief served when the tribe was at peace, but the minute war was declared, the War chief was in command.

Select the statement which best expresses the main idea of the paragraph.

A. The Cherokee chief was different in war time than in peace time.

B. Before the arrival of the Europeans the Cherokees had developed a well-organized society.

C. The Mayans and the Aztecs were part of the Cherokee tribe.

D. Several Indian cultures had developed advanced civilizations before Europeans arrived.

从文中看出,A不是该段的中心思想。它只是作者用来支持其论点的若干个例子中的一个。B表达了该段的中心思想。段中其它各句是作者举的例子以说明Cherokees在欧洲人到达美洲大陆之前已有高度发达的文化。C是不真实的,因此不可能是该段的中心思想。D太空泛。该段中只描写了Cherokee 人的社会结构。虽然作者也提到了其它发达的印地安文化,他这样做的目的是强化其主题,即Cherokee人已经有了高度发达的文化。

(二)寻读法

寻读是快速阅读,期望找到具体信息的一种方法。寻读的步骤如下:

第一步,弄清你要寻找的信息,然后想一想它可能以什幺形式出现。例如,如果你要找事件什幺时候发生,就要注意日期。如果你想知道谁做了什幺事,要留心人名。

第二步,然后决定你要找到的信息可能在什幺地方。在报纸的首页上一般不会有体育比赛成绩,在字母S下面也不会有Sam Potter的电话号码。

第三步,尽快用眼睛从上看到下,直到找到所需的信息为止。认真读你所需要的部分。

第四步,达到目的后,不要再接着往下读。

The Grand Canyon, a long, narrow gorge in Arizona is rich in geological history. Its record of past plant and animal life also makes it an exciting and invaluable object of study for biologist. Using samples from the two hundred and seventeen miles of canyon"s wall, scientists analyze the building materials that form the earth"s surface and study the natural processes which have affected the Canyon over its four-billion-year history. These processes include the eruption of volcanoes, which were active as recently as one thousand years ago, and gradual decomposition by erosion(由侵蚀引起的解体) Scientists also study a great variety of fossils that can be found in the canyon. These imprints of past forms of life are preserved in rock. The lower levels of canyon rock contains fossils of seashells and algae(海藻)while the upper levels contain fossils of such creatures as dinosaurs(恐龙)and other prehistoric land animals. All of these discoveries provide scientists with information both on the earth"s history in

1. The oldest parts of the Canyon date back how many years?

A.217

B.4000000

C.1000

D.4000000000

2. Scientists can learn about previous life in the area by studying _______.

A. current animal life;

B. feeding habits of dinosaurs;

C. impressions in rocks;

D. construction materials

3. What is one natural phenomenon that is now taking place in the Canyon?

A. Fossilization.

B. Preservation of rock

C. Erosion

D. V olcanic eruption

略读全文,阅读这三个问题及选项,记在心里,然后寻读全文,发现答案在文中划线部分,所以正确的选择应该是1.D,

2.C和

3.C。

(三)细读法

主要目的是领会文章细节,判断推测文章的言外之意,作出合乎逻辑的推论判断。细读时应注意:

1. 先略读浏览全文和问题,把握文章结构,确定提问区域。

2. 细读的结果应是精确的,只有仔细推敲才能正确选择答案,但并非慢读。

3. 细读提问区域时,应作出适当的联想、合理的判断,悟出言外之意。

4. 不是细读生词,生词词义的获得主要通过上下文来理解。

5. 细读是在特定提问区域进行推理判断,而寻读则是直接从提问区域的表面文字获得答案。

Example 1

As for the great passenger trains of the United States, they ceased service and slowly, one by one, were shunted into oblivion. The Twentieth Century Limited, the Broadway Limited, and other luxury trains faded away, no longer to sing along the rails at 60 to 80 miles an hour, their whistles keening a mournful goodbye, which is now, alas, final. On the long runs that remain, passengers raise a complaint of old cars, poor service, and unwarranted expenditure of their time and money. By contrast, the long distance traveller of today accepts without murmur earsplitting jet noise, long, irritating hold ups between airport and city, and, in air terminals, jostling, shoving, and seatless milling about. A roomier, more relaxed and elegant means of transit, has become only a memory.

Question: In reference to the disappearance of long run passenger trains, the writer feels _______.

A. regret

B. grief

C. joy

D. anger

本文第一句描写美国客运列车被人遗忘这一事实;第二句用拟人的方法说出客运列车在退出历史舞台时,像人们道别那样发出伤心的声音,同时,作者用“alas”(天啊)表现了他的一种惋惜的心情;第三、第四句,作者用对比手法指出现在旅客们对空运引起的种种噪音、误点置若罔闻的态度,与当时抱怨破旧的汽车、低劣的服务和金钱时间的浪费形成鲜明的对比;第四句说“一种较为宽敞、轻松优雅的运输已经成为过去了”,表明作者内心的追悔心理,但并不是伤心痛苦的感觉,所以正确答案应是A。

Example 2

Long before explorers and colonists landed on American shores tribes of Indians named areas of land for the people who lived there. They also named the mountains, rivers or natural landmarks. Indians are known for their love of nature and the poetic way they describe it. Today over half of the States carry names with Indian meanings. Many were first given to rivers then later used to name the states. The names given to places and natural landmarks were generally _______.

A. fictitious in origin

B. hotly debated

C. decided by colonists

本题的提问区域在第二、第三句,通过细读这两句,可知“places and natural landmarks”是由印第安人取的,而印第安人又是热爱自然,用诗一般语言来描写自然,所以正确答案应是D。

(四)批评性阅读

批评性阅读是一种要求很高的阅读。它不仅要求读者对文章的主旨、论点、论据、推理过程、细节等都有清楚的理解,而且要求读者对作者的观点作出评判,对作者的论点是否站得住脚、论据是否充分、推理是否严密等作出合理的价值判断。

下面这段话,后面有五个陈述。这五个陈述大致可分为四类:

1. 原段观点的重新表述。以不同的方式给出相同的信息。

2. 从原段信息中可推出的结论。

3. 不符合原段所给信息的陈述。

4. 无法根据原段所给信息判断其真伪的陈述。

找出属于第1,2类的陈述,即重新表达原段观点和从段落中可推知的结论。注意:不要包括本身是真实的,但无法从段落中推知的陈述。

Example 1

Often people who hold higher positions in a given group overestimate their performance, while people in the lowest levels of the group underestimate theirs. While this may not always be true, it does indicate that often the actual position in the group has much to do with the feeling of personal confidence a person may have. Thus, if a member holds a high position in a group or if he feels that he has an important part to play in the group, he will probably have more confidence in his own performance.

A. If a person has confidence in his own performance, he will achieve a high position in a group.

B. If we let someone know he is an important part of a group, he will probably become more self-confident.

C. People who hold low positions in a group often overestimate their performance.

D. People in positions of power in a group may feel they do better work than they really do.

E. People with higher positions in a group do better work than other group members.

A.从段落里不能导出这一结论。我们知道地位高的人比地位低的人自信心更足。但我们不知道自信心足的人就能获得较高的地位。自信心可能只是在一个人获得了较高的地位以后才有。

B.从本段的最后一句可以导出这一结论。我们知道一个人如果感到他在群体里起重要作用,他就可能有更多的自信。我们可以推论,如果我们让某人知道(因此使他感到)他起着重要作用,他很可能变得更自信。

C.这是不真实的。第一句话指出在低层群体里的人过低估计,而不是过高估计他们的能力。

D.这是第一句话的重新陈述。地位高的人趋向于过高估计自己的能力,他们会觉得他们比自己实际能做的做得更好。

E.从本段中我们不知道这一点。我们知道地位高的人往往认为他们能比别人做得更好。(他们过高估计自己的能力。)我们不知道他们实际上是否比别人做得好。

第74届奥斯卡晚会英语阅读材料

Tonight -- the highest achievement in filmmaking will be awarded to one of these motion pictures. "A beautiful mind," directed by ron howard, who began his career in show business at the age of 3. "Gosford park," directed by that veritable icon of the movies, robert altman. "The lord of the rings: The fellowship of the ring," ringmastered by the new Zealand director peter Jackson. "In the bedroom," with its trio of Oscar-nominated actors, sissy Spacek, tom Wilkinson, Marisa Tomei. And "Moulin Rouge," the rule-breaking musical dreamed up down under by baz luhrmann.

Joining these nominees for film's most famous prize are an international array of acting royalty. From England -- dame Judi Dench, dame Maggie smith, sir Ian McKellen, sir Ben Kinsley. From Australia -- Nicole Kidman, Russell Crowe. From America -- Denzel Washington, Renee Zellweger, Halle berry, Jon V oight, will smith, Ethan Hawke.

They will be honored here by such previous Oscar winners as Julia Roberts, Benicio del Toro, Gwyneth Oaltrow, Helen hunt,

As well as the new century's brightest new stars -- Josh Hartnett, Jennifer Lopez, Tobey Maguire, Cameron Diaz and Hugh Jackman.

And nominated tonight for his 40th and 41st Oscar, five-time Oscar winner John Williams, conducting the academy awards

Live from the Kodak theater at Hollywood and highland, welcome to the 74th annual academy awards. Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome -- tom cruise. [ Applause ]

When the great director Billy wilder was asked what makes a movie unforgettable, his answer was simple -- "a little bit of magic." We're all here tonight, or sitting at home watching, because something came off a movie screen. A little bit of magic touched our lives. And you always remember where you were, the theater, the popcorn, the people you were with when it happened. 1968 -- my family lived in Ottawa, Canada. The movie was stanley kubrick's "2001: A space odyssey." I couldn't stop thinking about it. What is life? What is space? What is existence? I was 6 years old. [ Laughter ] And I knew right then and there, I wanted to be an astronaut. [ Laughter ] My family traveled a lot. The white-hot thrill of "jaws." That was Louisville, Kentucky. Senior year -- new jersey, "apocalypse now." Valley forge, Pennsylvania, "raging bull." I knew I wanted to be an actor. [ Laughter ] In good times and poor times, movies were my lifesaver. And then, last September, came an event that would change us. An actor friend said to me, "what are we doing? Is it important, is it even important what I do?" And what of a night like tonight? Should we celebrate the joy and magic that movies bring? Dare I say it? More than ever. [ Applause ] A small scene, a gesture, even a glance between characters can cross lines, break through barriers, melt prejudice, or just plain make us laugh. It brings us all together, that little bit of magic. But that's just me. Tonight, we're going to listen to you. Documentary filmmaker errol morris criss-crossed America asking moviegoers and culture makers a question -- "what do movies mean to you?" And you answered. So let's expand this beautiful stage into every one of your homes. And maybe even some of you will answer this question as you stand on this stage tonight, "what do movies mean to you?" So pull up a sofa. It's just us, talking. It's Oscar night. [ Applause ]

Every time you see a good film, it sort of helps recall all the other good films that you've seen.

"Tootsie."

"Bottle rocket."

"Bull worth."

"Buena vista social club."

"The matrix."

"Cover girl."

Shirley temple.

Arnold Schwarzenegger.

Julie christie.

Marlene dietrich.

Movies are an escape.

Just an escape?

Well, what's wrong with that? That's quite a lot.

I'd rather go to a mediocre movie than a good play.

Movies are like food. They're essential to your life.

"Postman rang twice." Did you see that one?

"Hearts and minds" -- which won an academy award and maybe stopped the war in Vietnam.

Can movies really do that?

That one did.

You'll learn how to be sexy.

After I saw it, I knew I had to wear a three-piece white suit to my bar mitzvah.

I like "bad lieutenant," which was sort of a dark, seamy side of the police, but I like harvey keitel.

Even in my country, when I lived there, I used to see all the classic American movies.

What I did get out of movies was that there was a better life than the life that I was leading. [ Speaking French ] "Fast times at ridgemont high."

Mom, I'm leaving. I'm going to Hollywood. And I'm going to marry rhett butler.

"What about bob?"

She was picked out ost handsome guy in the room. She's not expecting anybody to even notice her.

They both love each other, and then he goes and dies. I mean, it's the most frustrating thing in the world.

And "ernest goes to jail."

It's unfair.

Life's unfair. And "ernest goes to jail" tells us that.

Not "taps," "tap." "Taps" was the army flick.

It was extraordinarily evocative, even though I never saw the movie.

"Operation tokyo."

Flying monkeys, the little dog --

They got money.

Her eyes were big and brown. And the lashes --

Seeing king kong try and conquer new york --

The movie is playing a game with you. And it's a game you're happy to play. "Redrum. Redrum."

"The omen."

"Uncle buck."

"Braveheart," I've seen it 150 times.

They can make you proud. They makes you, perhaps, a little ashamed.

Skateboard movies.

"The African queen."

"Brazil."

"I'm a zit," and he squeezes his face, and all the cottage cheese comes out.

"Love story."

"No wire hangers, ever!"

"The jerk."

"Godzilla vs. Mothra."

Not the remake?

Oh, no. Not at all. That was terrible.

Movies can help us look into the inner soul of the people.

How could we survive without movies?

"Faster pussycat! Kill! Kill!"

"Love me tender."

Sunny and heartwarming.

Gruff, uncompromising.

Something with squirrels, I would imagine. Squirrels.

Honor and service and duty and pity and black-and-white flickering. God, I'm into this. Second row or third row? I like being overwhelmed by it.

Sometimes we numb ourselves to reality. Movies kind of bring it back for us.

Maybe that's what we need to learn in the world. You don't leave your seat. Let's wait until the end of the movie and work it out. [ Speaking foreign language ]

Translator: And I liked "the gladiator" with Russell Crowe. He is a real good actor.

Puts her in the wagon and takes her back to the country.

Sort of road off into the sunset.

Sunset -- yeah, that's a good word, warren.

"The front page."

"The breakfast club."

"The tin drum."

"Sexy beast."

"Lawrence of Arabia."

"Meet me in st. Louis."

"2001."

"Gilda."

"The holy grail."

"Parent trap."

"Citizen Kane."

"Kane."

"Kane."

"Willy wonka --"

"Tombstone."

"The bicycle --"

"Battle of algiers."

"Run, lola, run."

"E.T."

"James bond."

"Godfather."

"Godfather" I and II.

"Mary poppins."

I'm not sure that it's a dramatic medium. It sort of belongs more to poetry than it does to anything else.

In the end, everybody comes with money, and the angel gets wings, and it's just -- it completely redeems the idea of being good. So that's why I think I like it.

Aww. [ Applause ]

Ladies and gentlemen, your winning-winning host for the 74th annual academy awards, Whoopi Goldberg. [ Applause ]

Whoopi: Come and get me, boys. Come and get me, boys. Come and get me, boys. But Oscar is a host's best friend watch my feathers. [ Cheers and applause ]

Whoopi: Oh, child. Good evening, darlings. I am the original sexy beast. [ Laughter and applause ] Welcome to the 74th annual academy awards. What a night. Movie stars, Oscar winners, great big party. My god, is this liza's wedding? [ Laughter ] I'm just cracking you up, aren't I? Go ahead, Julia, laugh out loud, child. But can you believe this year? Can you believe this campaign? So much mud has been thrown this year all the nominees look black. [ Laughter ] [ Applause ] I tell you this negative campaigning has got to stop. I got an e-mail today that said frodo baggins was an anti-semite. [ Laughter ] Tonight marks the debut of Oscar's new house, the Kodak. Beautiful, isn't it? [ Applause ] Actually, the academy wanted to stay at the old place but the network thought they should go with a younger theater. [ Laughter ] Y'all better cut me some slack, we're going to be together a while.

自学英语的方法步骤 [自学英语的好方法]

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积累大量的词汇非常重要。 语法:这个是比较枯燥的知识点,但是自己平时要多看。 注意名词的单复数,主谓宾定状补,一些不规则的语法,例如a,an的用法,复数加s,es,ies等等一些难以弄清楚的要经常带意识的去看。多看一些实例,增加印象。我们可以下载一些语法类的讲解的软件,也可以百度很多基础的语法知识。 大量的单词和基础的语法这个是需要每天长期积累的。这是学好英语的基础。下面我们来看一下听说读写。 读:是英语里比较基础的,在学校的时候也经常会有阅读理解。 我们平时可以多关注一些双语学习网站。双语阅读,左边是英语,右边是英文。我们可以尝试着自己看英文文章,分析语句结构,翻译段落,然后在对照右边的中文,不需要花多多少时间,随时抽空都可以看一两段,长期下去肯定会有大进步。

写:相信大家对写也不陌生,平时阅读的文章多了,就会下意识的记住很多单词,短语,句子。我们可以抽空写一些简短的作文,先从基础的写,好比小学一二年级一样的记事文到初中的议论文。我们早期词汇匮乏,语法不精,我们可以先写一些'my friend之类的文章,掌握基础的英语表述清晰,检查语法错误。 说:只要我们会读单词,会写作文,我们就会说,比如口述介绍一下自己的家庭。或者更难的做一次演讲。只是质量可能大打折扣。 首先是发音的准确,每天背单词的时候,我们肯定是要记住他的读音的。其次对于连续的语句,我们可以利用一些练习软件,早上,中午,下午都可以抽空,我们先添加一些简单的课程,比如问候,家庭介绍,职业交流之类的,然后跟着系统发音练习,哪一部分,哪个单词发音不对,反复纠正。经常练习。 说:当然每天只用软件练习说,肯定是不够的,我们还需要共同学习的朋友,我们可以找自己周边英语好的朋友,经常和他实际练习,大声开口说话,不要怕,先从日常对话开始What did you have for breakfast this morning?再到以后的商务对话Hope that the project will be able to cooperate successfully

零基础英语自学方法 自学英语最快的方法

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是“学”与“用”的区别。如何用?这个是大问题。 8.最后自学英语这件事会不了了之。 中国人自学英语的方法自学英语是个庞大而复杂的工程,需要完整、科学的策略,还需要高效的步骤去执行。 1、强化语法 语法究竟有多重要?可以这么说,语法好不好间接决定了你英语水平的高低。但很多人对语法的认识似乎存在误区。之前有一种论调是语法是不用专门学习的,只需要多看看几部电影,读读几本书,听一听广播,语法就会自然内化形成,一切似乎毫不费力,因为英美人士就是这么做的。这种论调本身就混淆了母语自然习得以及外语学习的关系(母语学习和外语学习的机制是不相同的),更不用说在英美的学校里都有专门的语法课了。有些人会说自己的语感很好,不用学习语法,靠语感就够了。但问题是,大多数人的语感并没有他们想象中的那么好。很多人口中的语感好大概只停留在考试时做选择题能蒙对的技术水准上,但一遇到复杂点的时态语态和长难句马上就抓瞎。语法不好有什么后果?是这样的,我在微信上被人拉进了几个英语学习群,每次群里有人发这种英文时我都有种想退群的冲动:WeChat's Friend Circle, a place where people share photos and news with friends, but recently it's been flooded with "self-sell" goods such as facial masks. Many people feel annoying by this phenomenon and blacklist those friends,but it couldn't stop the tendency of

自学英语方法

在职学习,如果采用这样的方式是很难取得效果的。开头几天新1还是容易,而面对大规模学习的时候,量的压力就会越来越大,最后仍然会和大多数人一样半途而废。 学习英语目前比较科学的系统供大家参考: 1、必须学会精准的读音,形成见字读音的能力;不能开口就不可能掌握英语; 2、记忆高频的5500英语单词、词义、词性、拼写都必须训练到条件反射的程度; 3、运用《24篇魔术美文串记大学英语4级词汇》这本书活化所记忆的词汇; 4、学习一套情景式的口语教材,《走遍美国》或者《英语大赢家》都不错。 5、背诵文章、新3最好全背,时间有限每个单元背5篇,达到每一篇的语音和表达都流畅无比。 这个系统我没有写出语法部分,是假设楼主的语法已经不错,如果对于语法仍然很生疏,那么对于语法进行复习也是有必要的,因为

学习文章的时候,如果不会用语意块去分析,将会做很多的无用功,真正的阅读理解和语感必须通过一定量的文章分析去掌握,因为我们没有外国人那种语境。 语音的学习建议学习曲刚的《快步英语》,可以很快让人掌握标准的英语发音和见字读音的能力。 而单词的记忆我有一套运用记忆术的方案,目前正在编写完善中,效果是达到可以将一整本4级单词从头到尾背诵、默写,记住词义、拼写和词性。注意,背诵相当的重要,能出声就能听懂,可以和书配套的音频进行比赛,它念出下一个之前我已经提前知道是什么词,这个怎么说,而且我知道怎么说就知道怎么拼写。 对于文章记忆也同样如此,如果单纯去死记文章是很难完成的,我发明了一套运用语法结构去记忆文章的方法,当然现在还不能公开,只能给大家描绘一下它的效果,用这套背诵方法的基础是建立在5张语法图上,这5张图几乎帮助人记住所有重要的语法点。同时它提供的语法结构又可以在背诵文章的时候用于和记忆法结合来实现快速精准记忆文章的目标。 有了前面这3步之后,学习口语和日常泛读相结合,类似楼主这样因工作需要改善英语的目的就一定可以达到了。

自学英语方法

1、如果你是懒人,不想背课文和单词,那么我强烈建议你不用字典和参考书,就用你自身的水平,翻译课文包括中译英,英译中(每课都有中文和英文),翻译过程中千万不要看文章,翻成什么是什么,翻译完了,再对比你得差距在哪儿,然后看那里不足,哪个单词不对,哪儿个词组不对,然后记住就行了。 2、课后每一道题都要做,不用字典,不看书,凭自己的能力作一边,对答案,找差距,ok 3、听力的培养,听每课磁带,听写出每课课文,然后看看自己错在哪里,哪里没听懂,再来一边,不行再来一边,共3编就行 4、口语练习,读课文,模仿磁带口音和发音,至少3遍 5、写作练习,课后都有写作练习好好完成,对比范文,找差距 6、每单元为一组,每星期为一周期,重复做以上步骤3遍 7、以一本书为一阶段,一阶段结束,总结,回顾,找差距,然后从头再来3遍 8、等半年你就会完成4级水平了 9、good luck and try your best 零基础学英语的学习方法 我感到英语最重要的是听力,你听不懂,你怎么能拼写呀,怎么能知道别人说了些什么呀。再有,你以后要用英语说话呀,而中国人就是口条硬,说不清楚英语。所以,我认为我学的方法错了,其实第一就是解决说话口条生硬的问题。我花了一个多月的时间,仔细对着音标,一个个对着要求,仔细发音。这一点很重要,为你以后讲标准的英语话打下基础。这是我考虑后第一个学的东西,我不学语法和句子,单词了。因为这种学法,让人浪费时间,又学不好英语。等我把音标学好,就会发现,读写单词非常容易,单词很容易记住,有很多单词,只要一听,就能拼写出个大概了,有些拼写的对,有些拼写的不对。不对的我就纠正一下。记得很牢。英语一下子变得容易上手了。良好的音标基础,不仅可以帮助我准确地对单词进行发音,有效地区分相似发音的单词,更能使我进行有效的英语只读,还能准确地听辩朗读。我发现学英语,学来学去学不好,原来是绕了一个大湾。现在大多数人学不好英语或说不好英文,原因都在这上面了。不是这样吗?都是不能准确发音。不能发音准确,你当然就不知道也分辨不了外国人说了些什么了。大多数人和几乎所有的学校里的孩子。都是这个方面的缺点,从而不能使他们有效地使用英语--尽管他们的语法和单词的掌握量都很出色。解决的方法其实很简单,就是花上个把月的时间,仔细校正音标。 第一步学好了音标,下来就是学单词了,不要去学语法和句子,那东西会浪费你的时间。那你要问了,是不是要背单词,回答你的是不要刻意去背单词。不下苦工背单词,能掌握单词吗,能的。你看我是怎么办到的就知道了。 要掌握多少单词才能解决一般的英语问题?回答:最少5000。要多长时间能掌握?回答:正常的脑子三到四个月,每天半小时上下。这是从零开始起步吗?回答:是的。这5000个单词掌握后能不能零活使用?回答:不能,只能使用单词的主要意思,别的意思和用法只能以后积累。 知道了英语学不好、说不好的主要原因就是我们没有把音标真正地学好。这是我几次学英语学出来结论。如果你学英语一开始就从语法和句子和单词学,我会说你走错了,会有很多单词的念法在你脑子里形成固定的念法,这些发音不准的词以后纠正就很困难。会浪费很多时间和精力。我现在明白,英语的功底深不深,讲英语纯正不纯正,流利不流利,全在音标这个上面了。而这个问题只被极少数人明白,从而只有他们才真正掌握了英语,流利地说英语。而这个问题却被你所忽略,因而你也就永远学不好,说不好英语。不管你多么掌握着语法和单词。 学英语的人都有这样的毛病,我也一样,就是喜欢学写单词,句子和语法,对音标不认真,对音标都是大概学学,我相信很少有人会仔细地注意舌位,唇位、牙位、喉位,发音部位,发音方法等问题。这些你如果没有学好,你以后讲英语,当然就会生硬,就会是洋径帮英语,口齿不清,带有地方方言的口音。听不清听不清说话和朗读,更听不清相似单词的发音。所以,如果你没有把音标,不管你以后怎么模仿英语,纯正的英语口音你就是说不出来。但哪些看似呆板,仔细对着音标,花个把月的时间,克服无聊,仔细照着音标发音的人,才是以后真正掌握英语的人。学不好英语的人都会抱怨缺少英语的母语环境,就是给了你好的环境,你也不能很快地说好英语,在对话中,你要花很多时间来纠正你不正确、学以为常的发音。只有口语和情态性的情绪表达语言在有母语的环境会练的更好。书面的、陈述性的语言是不要母语环境也一样能学好的。 有那么多单词,怎么样才能记住呢,每个人的记忆方法不同,我说说我是怎么记单词的。 我以前记单词的方法就是死背,等把脑子背晕了休息。有时候脑子一直胀着,几天都清醒不过来。等清醒后再来背,非常枯燥,而且效果一点不好。遇到字母多的长单词,更是把脑子背胀。年纪大了,脑子记忆力就不行了,于是就想怎么能够讨点巧。单字用来构句子的,但我们的确要有五千个单词才能解决大部分英语问题。这么多单字需要记写,的确苦恼。我熟悉单字的方法一是听写,不是背单字,听发音后,根据读音音标自己拼写,机器读一个,我听一个,写一个。拼写的不对的,再纠正一下,再重复。下一次听到,一般都能写对了。第二个我管它叫找缀词。如果你注意单词,不管他有多长,不是合成词,就是缀词相加形成的〔或缀词占有大部分〕。我把这些缀词都记录

零基础自学英语的方法

零基础自学英语的方法 零基础自学英语的方法 英语学习是路漫漫其修远兮的过程,因此长期而坚定的血虚毅力是英语学习的前提,并制定好英语学习的计划和目标,为之努力前行。学习不是压力,不是猜测,而是探索未知知识的渴望和欲望。 就像乔布斯曾说:“所谓初学者的心态是指:不要无端猜测、不要 期望、不要武断也不要偏见。初学者的心态正如一个新生儿面对这 个世界一样,永远充满好奇、求知欲和赞叹。” 对于零基础学英语,最重要的就是夯实所有的英语基础,从零开始,从48个音标学习开始,到单词的学习,语法的学习,构建一个 完整可靠的英语知识体系。 音标:一定要学会标准的发音,而不是谐音。音标在整个英语学习的过程中 起着非常重要的作用,学好了音标,对接下来的单词、口语学习都有很大的帮助。遇到任何单词你都会读,而且记单词也不费劲。 词汇:要想积累词汇量,你可以先找一些单词比较简单的词本来背,同时结合阅读来提高词汇的积累! 语法:单词积累开始以后,也要开始进行语法的学习了.一般现在时,过去式和将来时都是最基本最简单的了。可能有些人会说,这些 我都知道,但学起来感觉还是很费力费时,而且还不系统,像一盘 散沙,坚持一段时间就坚持不下去了??如果是这样,建议你考虑一 下刚刚给你介绍的winkey在线英语。他们会根据你的英语水平和学 习目标制定一个相适应的学习方案,外教老师也有自己的学习方法,帮助你有效的学习语法,提高英语口语能力。 如果零基础的话,先音标,学会正确发音然后积累单词,再慢慢学 习语法。但是你也不可以忽略听力和口语,还有写作也需要培养。 这就要配合你个人的学习进度和能力啦。

零基础自学英语的方法:要有针对性的提升 对于在职人士而言,对于英语学习最重要的就是能用,比如:主要想提升英语口语,英语写作,商务英语,职场英语等,因此,学习英语的内容也是有针对性的,这样才能真正做到学以致用,并也能体会一门语言的真实魅力所在。其实英语学习的方法有很多种,只要能找出一种适合自己的,就一定能够取得成功,相信自己。

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