雅思真题剑1到剑7的大作文的范文解析大漠版的_精华啊_整理得好辛苦

这是剑7 TEST 3

As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing.

What factors contribute to job satisfaction?

How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Nowadays many adults have full-time jobs and the proportion of their lives spent doing such jobs is very high. So feelings about one’s job must reflect how an individual feels about his or her life as a whole, and because of this, job satisfaction is indeed very important for the wellbeing of that person.

Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways. Firstly, a person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback from superior is very important in his respect. A sense of fulfillment is also encouraged if a worker feels the job is worth doing because it contributes to the society or the economy as a whole. Secondly, when someone feels they are improving or developing their skills through training opportunities, for example, then there is a sense of progress and purpose that rewards a worker. The sense of belonging to a team or a working community also contributes to job satisfaction because colleagues help each other to enjoy their working lives. Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility for the loyal to a team. Of course not everyone enjoys their work. Hard economic realities mean that many people have little choice in the kind of job they can get. In some cases an employee is working in a job that suits neither their skills nor their personality. Some jobs are repetitive and boring, and labour relations may be poor and lead to resentment and insecurity rather than to job satisfaction.

However, even though it is unlikely that all workers do feel happy in their work, I think it is not unrealistic to promote more job satisfaction in any job. If the factors identified above implemented, then any job can be improved and more workers can feel greater degrees of job satisfaction 试题

As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing.

What factors contribute to job satisfaction?

How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?看到这个题目就知道考试想让我们分析一种现象，谈谈看法，不是通常意义上的对有争议性问题的讨论。最后一句“对所有工人而言，工作满意度的期望具有多大实际意义？”，how old, how often, how long中的how做adv，表示“多大程度”，后面接adj, adv。

第一段

Nowadays many adults have full-time jobs and the proportion of their lives spent doing such jobs is very high.

中规中矩的开头，介绍背景

their lives spent doing such jobs, spent过去分词修饰lives, 正常语序为spend their lives doing such jobs. 众所周知，动名词的词性为名词，而过去分词或现在分词词性为形容词，切记

The proportion of time/money spent doing a thing is high/small.可以常用来表示时间、金钱或精力在某事上的消耗程度，如 The proportion of our spare time spent surfing on the Internet is very high。

So feelings about one’s job must reflect how an individual feels about his or her life as a whole,

一句表达因果关系中的结果，so+结果，其中so 为 conj, adv，此处为adv, 若为conj, so 前面则为逗号。

Must表示“必定”，表推断，很多情态动词都有这种用法，can 可能， cannot 不可能， must 必定

His or her life指代前面an individual 用了his or her，这是表示两性平等，是一种政治正确（political correctness）的表现，同样的还有 he or she and because of this, job satisfaction is indeed very important for the wellbeing of that person.

Because of this指代因果关系中的原因，this 指代前面那句话

Wellbing/ well-being [u]表示幸福，健康的一种状态，这个词经常用到，类似的还有welfare [u],也是表示幸福，健康的一种状态

第二段

Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways.

典型的主旨句，in a number of ways 提示下面将详细描述。

Firstly, a person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in his respect.

firstly引导时间顺序或逻辑顺序的副词，根本就不存在同学们所说的“模板词”

so+结果，这里so是副词

Superior [c] 上级subordinate [c] 下级 employer [c] 老板 employee [c] 员工

in his respect, in respect of sth 表某个方面，其中respect [c] 方面；类似的还有in terms of sth

A sense of fulfillment is also encouraged if a worker feels the job is worth doing because it contributes to the society or the economy as a whole.

还是因果关系，because [conj], 引导原因状语从句

A sense of fulfillment成就感，类似的有a sense of humour 幽默感a sense of justice 正义感a sense of direction 方向感

好好品味一下作者用词造句多样化的能力

Need to feel, feel感到，谓语动词； a sense of fulfillment, sense 感觉，名词作主语

Valued and valuable work; the job is worth doing

Secondly, when someone feels they are improving or developing their skills through training opportunities, for example, then there is a sense of progress and purpose that rewards a worker.

Secondly,接第二个方面的理由

When [conj],此处明表时间，实际表原因，a sense of progress 进步感 a sense of purpose 目的性

They are improving or developing their skills作者运用现在进行时态增加了时态多样性，说明一点，很多情况下，一个句子可以从用多种时态都没有错，只是表意上有略微差别，如此处改为 they improve or develop their skills 也对

There be表存在一种物体或现象，英语中应用广泛

The sense of belonging to a team or a working community also contributes to job satisfaction because colleagues help each other to enjoy their working lives. Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility for and the loyal to a team.

用两个also, also来说明了第三，四条道理，the sense of belonging 归属感，a sense of responsibility 责任感

体会句型多样性

Sth contributes to job satisfaction

Satisfaction is increased by sth

第三段

Of course not everyone enjoys their work.

主旨句，“并非每个人都喜欢他么的工作”

Of course这种成分称为句子附加状语，也有人叫做评注性状语，表明作者的评价和态度，这种成分很重要，如常见的 personally, certainly, perhaps, fortunately等等，范文出现很多此类成分，我会一一点明，这个肯定用得到，而且一学就会，特别提醒

Not everyone, 部分否定，语法题必考内容， All is not gold that glitters, 闪光的并非都是金子，莎士比亚的这句名言是部分否定的经典示例，又如网络名言“有翅膀的并非都是天使，也可能是鸟人”，也可作为部分否定的范例

Hard economic realities mean that many people have little choice in the kind of job they can get.

Mean意味着，其实可视为表达结果，如改为“Hard economic realities lead to the fact that”

hard economic realities, economic downtown (crisis, tsunami)在现在的全球经济状况下，这些词想必大家不会陌生，虽然CCTV天天唱“风景这边独好”也改变不了现实的残酷。

In some cases an employee is working in a job that suits neither their skills nor their personality. Some jobs are repetitive and boring, and labour relations may be poor and lead to resentment and insecurity rather than to job satisfaction.

In some cases举例说明内因（skill, personality）外因（工作性质和工作环境）

an employee; their skills, their personality.单数的an employee 怎么变成复数的 their？这也是政治正确的表现，有些人认为这种用法不规范，坚持用 her or his，看来雅思认可了这种用法

Some jobs are repetitive and boring,如指人：typist (打字员)，cashier (收银员)，office worker (办公室文员)，大家记住几个，以后好举例

Rather than [conj],而不是，类似的instead of [prep]

第四段

However, even though it is unlikely that all workers do feel happy in their work, I think it is not unrealistic to promote more job satisfaction in any job.

However [adv],逻辑副词，表转折，此处表段落之间的意思转折

看看主从句之间对于关系 unlikely对应 not unrealistic; feel happy 对应promote more job satisfaction, in their work 对应 in any job

If the factors identified above are implemented, then any job can be improved and more workers can feel greater degrees of job satisfaction.这句很巧妙，if条件句中一个factor对应了题目的第一问（影响因素），主句中an job can be improved and more workers can feel greater degrees of 指出具有现实意义，问答了第二问（how realistic）

还原作者写作流程

审题：

job satisfaction 好抽象啊，俺从来没想过，factors影响因素，这个好说，到时候一二三四就行了，再继续看，How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers? 呵呵，卡壳了，想想，得分两步走，首先说明job satisfaction of all workers 所有工人工作满意度的状况，再来回答 how realistic is the expectation of

框架

第一段：从介绍背景入手，点出job satisfaction很重要

第二段：影响因素：第一点firstly开头，a sense of fulfillment 满足感来源于因为工作有价值(valued and valuable work)，所以上司表扬；由于工作对社会或经济有利，所以觉得工作有价值(the job is worth is worth doing)。工作有价值一个是上司表扬的原因，同时又是对社会或经济有利的结果，真是有点绕了。第二点 secondly 开头， a sense of progress and purpose 进步感和达到目的的感觉。第三点also作标志，the sense of belonging 归属感。第四点 also 作标志，a sense of responsibility 责任感和loyalty 忠诚

第三段：介绍所有工人的satisfaction 状况，举例in some cases说明内因（skill, personality）外因（工作性质 boring and repetitive和工作环境labour relations）使satisfaction不高

第四段：以however作转折，even though承上， I think 启下，表明自己立场, 回到 how realistic 的问题，这个I think很重要，作为表明作者态度的标志性词，类似的还有in my opinion, personally, my view is that等等. 文章最后一句将factors 和how realistic联系起来。

遣词造句：

大作文主体就是讲道理，讲道理其实也就是因果关系（cause and effect）,文章展示了丰富的句式 so+结果； because of this 替代上句的原因； because+原因； by+原因；mean+结果； lead to+结

如果是我？

作者太有才了，满足感、进步感、归属感和责任感，从哪儿整出来这么多名词，大哥简直是个哲学家。要问我job satisfaction，我就会果断的说，没有，工作就是一个谋生的手段，凑合着活着。这个题要写，这么多感我都转不过弯来。要么我就这么写，工作性质影响我的满足感（适合就是最好的吗？）；工作回报影响我的满足感（我很差钱啊？）；工作环境影响我的满足感（勾心斗角谁喜欢啊）；工作发展影响我的满足感（没前途，没进步能快乐吗）。写上四条就够了吧。

谈中年危机

看完这篇范文，想起了一个词：中年危机（midlife crisis）,指人到了中年事业上小有成就，经济上也比较稳定了，但是事业发展会停滞不前，甚至开始走下坡路，因此工作满意度（job satisfaction）也开始下降了。但记得以前从《哈佛商业评论》看到一篇谈论管理人员（executives）的中年危机，文章指出，中年不应成为危机，而应当成为中年机遇（midlife opportunity）, 他说，人在中年以前，人的进步是基于缺乏性能动（deficiency motivation）,即年轻时什么都缺，要钱置房、购车、安家，职业上经验不足，缺乏人脉等等，所以人必须进步来获取这些东西。而中年以后，这些都有一定基础了，人就可以摆脱以往的束缚，倾听你自己的内心追求，实现人生的完整，他给起了个新名词叫成长能动（growth motivation）。

这两天网上浏览新闻，听说谷歌中国总裁李开复先生离开谷歌，自己去创业了，我想这应当就是基于成长能动（growth motivation）吧，开复先生自己的解释是“想用自己的主动性做一个掌控全局的工作。我已经到了这个人生阶段，再不去做，我真的很怕来不及了”，一个美籍华人，成为一名语音识别方面的世界权威，曾在苹果、微软和谷歌等世界顶级公司任高管，业余时间投身教育公益事业，几封《给中国学生的信》使其成为青年学子的精神偶像，该有的都有了，但48岁的他没有将中年看成危机，而是为了不给生命留下遗憾，去创业，活生生的向我们解释了成长能动（growth motivation）的含义。

这时剑4 TEST2,因为与剑7那篇均谈到happiness和satisfaction，所以放在一起谈

Happiness is considered very important in life.

Why is it difficult to define?

What factors are important in achieving happiness?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Happiness is very difficult to define, because it means so many different things to different people. While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships. Yet others think that spiritual paths, rather than either

the material world or relationships with people, are the only way to true happiness.

Because people interpret happiness for themselves in so many different ways, it is difficult to give any definition that is true for everyone. However, if there are different kinds of happiness for different individuals that the first step in achieving it would be to have a degree of self-knowledge. A person needs to know who he or she is before being able to know what it is that makes him or her happy.

Of course, factors such as loving relationships, good health, the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness too. But this does not mean that people without these conditions cannot be happy.

Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspective in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.).

Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think these are the two factors that may be most important for achieving happiness.

第一段

Happiness is very difficult to define, because it means so many different things to different people.

开门见山，一个because从句回答了第一个问题“Why is it difficult to define?”,mean 对应define

While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships.

While作连词，引导状语从句，主要表时间、对照和让步三种，此处为对照，含义为“而”

体会句型多样性

Link happiness to sth; happiness lies in sth

Wealth and material 物质的； emotions and loving personal relationships 情感

Yet others think that spiritual paths, rather than either the material world or relationships with people, are the only way to true happiness.一个yet, 明表转折，实则为递进，把上面提的两点视为世俗的（material world 物质的；relationships with people）和精神的（the spiritual paths）,关系还挺复杂的

句型多变，

link happiness to sth, happiness lies in sth 变为sth is the way to happiness；

while+从句表对照换成 rather than

遣词造句能力之高，只能滔滔江水般的敬仰了

第二段

Because people interpret happiness for themselves in so many different ways, it is difficult to give any definition that is true for everyone.同义表达上段中的主旨第一句，

Because it means … 换成because people interpret …

Happiness is difficult to define 换成 it is difficult to give any definition…

起到连接上段的作用，不过对语言基本功要求蛮高的

However, if there are different kinds of happiness for different individuals that the first step in achieving it would be to have a degree of self-knowledge.

However 转折，指出该段的主旨句，回到题目第二问‘what factors’, first step是自知之明（self-knowledge）

If 从句明表条件，是为因果

A person needs to know who he or she is before being able to know what it is that makes him or her happy.

进一步说明什么是self-knowledge, 就是幸福对他代表什么（如金钱，美女，权利等等）

第三段

Of course, factors such as loving relationships, good health, the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness too.

一个factors 把第一段的幸福含义又搬出来了，其实幸福定义在很多程度上和幸福影响因素是一码事，比如我认为有钱就幸福，那么金钱就是幸福的影响因素。爱 loving relationships 健康good health 谋生能力the skills to earn a living 平和环境 a peaceful environment 四个因素没有严格的分类

影响因素+ contribute to + 影响结果，这个句型很重要，如The IELTS score contributes to my application 雅思分数影响我的申请，想必大家能共鸣吧。But this does not mean that people without these conditions cannot be happy.

这句有哲理，我就想不出来，健康等是幸福的既非充分又非必要条件

Cannot 必须这要写，can not是错误的，切记

第四段

Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspective in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness.

essential factor继上一个first step之后，粉墨登场了。提醒一下，英文按逻辑重要性，是把最重要的放在最后，中文中叫“压轴戏”

overall评注性句子状语，大家还有印象吧

perspective [c]观点，看法 view, opinion 这个词很常用，也有点高级，记住它

By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.).

继续解释perspective, by that 把上下句联系起来，that 指代上句。Welfare / wellbeing [u]幸福

etc.等等，拉丁文，记住末尾那个点别给弄没了，近义词 and so on

第五段

Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think these are the two factors that may be most important for achieving happiness

这种写法叫做先抑后扬

Self-awareness对应 self-knowledge

Two factors 对应self-knowledge 或 clear perspective

还原作者写作流程

审题

先看第一问‘why is it very difficult to define?’这好说，幸福难定义吗，就是一个人一个答案；再看下文‘wha t factors are important in achieving happiness?’转换成‘how can you achieve happiness?’就好理解了，至于到个人如何获得幸福，首先得有自知之名，最重要的是你怎么看待幸福，记得《读者》上有一句话：“认为自己最幸福的人，他就是幸福的人；认为自己最聪明的人，其实是最愚蠢的人。”（这句有点扯了，老外应该不看《读者》）

框架

第一段：开门见山，第一段就是“happiness is very difficult to define, becau se…”,连背景都不介绍了，“Everyone, who spares nothing to pursue his or her own happy life, has yet to reach the consensus over the definition of happiness.”也省去了，省得考官说我是模版。总分模式介绍为什么答案各异，幸福含义分为世俗（secular world）和精神的（spiritual world）；有将世俗的分为物质的(material)和人际关系的(relationships)

第二段：指出how to achieve happiness 第一步first step是self-knowledge。与上段如何过渡得好好考虑考虑，那就说幸福对每个人而言是不同的，但单就某个人而言，他要获取幸福，就首先得有自知之明，然后再解释为什么需要自知之明。

第三段：我还打算谈获取信服最重要的是如何看待人生，这是个压箱底的好货，我得先卖个关子，那么这段就谈那些常见的影响幸福的因素是其中是既非充分又非必要条件。

第四段：关子买完了，那就“图穷匕首现”了，本段总分格式，overall 总体说来，如何看待人生才是获取幸福的关键。然后解释，分清楚对你来说重要和不重要就可以了。

第五段：总结一下，自知之明和如何看待人生是获取幸福的法宝。

遣词造句

文中表达幸福的影响因素可够丰富的，整理一下说不定哪天能用上

Wealth and material success

Emotions and loving personal relationships

Spiritual path

Material world

Relationship with people

Self-knowledge

Loving relationships

Good health

The skills to earn to a living

A peaceful environment

Clear perspective

The welfare of our family

The quality of our relationships

Making other people happy

A problem at work

Getting annoyed about trivial things

如果是我？

这个题目，幸福为啥难定义什么？怎样获得幸福（题目原来意思为“获取幸福组重要的因素有哪些”）第一问好说，第二问，想了想，忽然想起当今社会伟大而无名的哲学家大漠炊烟了了（也就是本人，嘻嘻）说过的一句话：“做人做事归根到底其实就是一种心态”，其实跟考官一样，就是如何看待人生，看来伟大的思想家想法有时往往是一致的，哈哈。除此之外，还有啥呢，还有就是老说思辨能力（critical thinking）,重要懂得如何去思考。就这样了吧。

幸福在哪里？

记得遥远的童年，当年还算是祖国的花朵，戴着鲜艳的红领巾，背着崭新的书包，太阳照着我们红彤彤的小脸上。然后在老师的带领下，高声齐唱：“春天在哪里啊，春天在哪里，春天在那小朋友的眼睛里。”现在想起来，真是又傻又天真。换到今天，你假如问我，“幸福在哪里？”我想了半天，终于得到了标准答案：“幸福就在新闻联播里。”在新闻联播里，人民公仆是清正廉洁的、警察是抓坏蛋的、人民生活水平是逐步提高的、老百姓是喜笑颜开的、美国人是想一门心思巴结我们的、维族汉族同胞是亲如一家人的、外面的世界是一塌糊涂的，一切的一切激起了我作为国家主人的一份子的骄傲（其实，基于我秉承雷锋精神的奉献精神，我是从小就立志当一名人民公仆，但是估计这辈子只有做主人的份了）。所以我特别反对很多人每天都看新闻联播，一边看一边骂的没素质的表现，因为我也有时看新闻，而且观看时候情绪很好（古话叫“笑而不语”），这种感觉就像小时候看《西游记》一样，时不时把自己融入戏中，自己能腾云驾雾，能七十二变，那种感觉很好；看新闻联播也一样，把自己融入新闻中，觉得自己过上了这种幸福的生活，所以看完之后，精神状态极好，连做雅思题都会多对两个，所以，我的结论是“我的幸福就在新闻联播里。”

品读剑桥B7T1 (1)

(2009-09-08 16:45:18)

It’s gener ally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion when people try to explain different levels of ability in, for example, sport, art or music.

can effectively be taught to acquire different skills, including those associated with sport, art or music. So from our own school experience, we can find plenty of evidence to support the view that a child can acquire these skills with continued teaching and guided practice.

However, some people believe that innate talent is what differentiates a person who has been trained to play a sport or an instrument, from those who become good players. In other words, there is more to the skill than to a learned technique, and this extra talent cannot be taught, no matter how good the teacher or how frequent a child practices.

I personally think that some people do have talents that are probably inherited via their genes. Such talents can give individuals a facility for certain skills that allow them to excel, while more hard-working students never manage to reach a comparable level. But, as with all questions of nature versus nurture, they are not mutually exclusive. Good musicians or artists and exceptional sports starts have probably succeed because of both good training and natural talent. With the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive, and without the training, the child would not learn how to exploit and develop their talent.

In conclusion, I agree that any child can be taught particular skills, but to be really good in areas such as music, art or sport, then some natural talent is required.

品读雅思B7T1 (2)

(2009-09-08 16:55:55)

It’s generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

看到这个标题，就知道有个陷阱，这个是限定在sport和music 领域，所以得小心点，别踩着雷了

开头段

The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion when people try to explain different levels of ability in, for example, sport, art or music.

介绍背景，很俗很管用，句型sth is a frequent topic of discussion when, 我们四六级书上就有 sth is a hot-debated topic 之类的，你不能说这个高级主考官也是背了那本作文书，套了那个模版吧。其实用不用模版无所谓，关键看合不合适，你拿姚明的西装给潘长江穿上肯定挺难看吧，你不能有此得出结论“千万不要给潘长江穿西装，可难看。”

主体一段

can effectively be taught to acquire different skills, including those associated with sport, art or music.

这句也是为培养因素作背景说明，或者叫做原因吧

Obviously评注性句子状语

The belief that这个that 从句做belief的同位语，一些抽象意义词，如belief, view, thought, attitude 等常接that 做同位语，雅思作文经常用的，值得注意

skills, including those associated with sport, art or music 谈背景时也不忘扣紧主题，不跑离sport, art, music这几个领域

So from our own school experience, we can find plenty of evidence to support the view that a child can acquire these skills with continued teaching and guided practice.

So 引导结果状语，其实带了两个原因：the education system 和 from our experience

With continued teaching and guided practice; with+名词通常表示伴随、

原因、条件或作定语，此处表示条件，如果持续的教导和指导性练习。注意此处continued teaching, guided practice 不是单纯的teaching and practice，添加修饰成分使表到具体生动

主体二段

However, some people believe that innate talent is what differentiates a person who has been trained to play a sport or an instrument, from those who become good players.

提出了talent支持的观点，

注意对应上段的表达支持观点的举行，

We can find plenty of evidence to support the view that

Some people believe that

Differentiate A from those B区别开来

Who has been trained to play a sport or an instrument play做动词Who become good players player作名词，可见，词性的变化一般会引起句型的改变，因此关键词词性改变，再组句，不失为句型多样化的一种方法，如，Usage of internet is very common. The internet is widely used. Usage [u], use [vt]

In other words, there is more to the skill than to a learned technique, and this extra talent cannot be taught, no matter how good the teacher or how frequent a child practices.

In other words换句话说，同义表达

Talent skill technique按天赋由大到小排序，其实一般情况下，skill常用，与technique 接近

No matter how good the teacher is or no matter how frequent a child practices, 其实这个is不该省略，no matter+ how/what/which, 表强调，不管怎样

主体三段

I personally think that some people do have talents that are probably inherited via their genes.

上两段一个谈了正反两方面观点，现在是作者观点了，I personally think 是标志成分，但这句并不是主旨句

Certainly/ surely 肯定 probably/possibly/maybe 也许 impossibly/out of the question/cannot 不可能几个表达可能性的几组词很重要，阐明作者的看法，记住它们

Such talents can give individuals a facility for certain skills that allow them to excel, while more hard-working students never manage to reach a comparable level.

While做为连词表示对照

看一下句型多样性

Certain skills allow them to excel

Hard-working student never manage to reach a comparable level

Facility[u,sing] 容易做好或学好某事物的能力，这和以前在学过facilities [pl] 设备，环境不一样，have a facility for learning languages

Excel[vi] 大家都知道，不就是office电子表格吗，这里为其本意超越 excel at/in

But, as with all questions of nature versus nurture, they are not mutually exclusive.

主旨句

Versus [prep] 大家应该很熟吧

Good musicians or artists and exceptional sports starts have probably succeed because of both good training and natural talent.

又出现probably, 但要强调 possible 可能，probably 很可能，

impossible 不可能， improbably 很不可能注意其细微区别

Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive, and without the training, the child would not learn how to exploit and develop their talent.

对上一句正面表述的反面表述，上一句：因为both training and talent, 所以succeed; 这一句： without talent, training 如何；without training, talent 不会exploit and develop。而且用的是虚拟条件句。这种运用很常用，把一个道理先正面说，然后用否定的虚拟条件句反着说，表示强调，如：The Internet has brought many benefits to us. Without the Internet, we could not enjoy much convenience. 大家得好好体会，虚拟语气算高级句型哦，很多同学不就喜欢追求这个吗

结尾段

In conclusion, I agree that any child can be taught particular skills, but to be really good in areas such as music, art or sport, then some natural talent is required.

I agree 结尾做总结，再次强调作者观点，中立，稍微偏talent

还原作者写作流程：

审题

看到这个题目，又是天赋和培养之间的关系，这种题肯定是态度中立，没办法，因为两种因素肯定是interact 相互影响，主体段分三段好写，主体一二段正反两方面观点，主体三段骑墙

框架

开头段：不由自主的想起了用过的经典模版 Nowadays, people have recently discussed the topic over sth, nowadays 也太模版了吧，说不定考官直接判为5分，咱变一下，Sth is a frequent topic of discussion when，这个就好多了

主体一段：一方观点，教育使其掌握技能。怎么发展该段落，先谈教育体系存在的理念就是获取技能，因此孩子们也可以通过教育培训来过去音乐、艺术等技能。主体二段：另一方观点，天赋能区分出平庸与优秀来。再用一个in other words 来一个同义表达，就是天赋是教育所不能达到的，是天生的。

主体三段：我的观点，一个人能通过教育培训获取某种技能，但是如果要做到优秀卓越的话，就得具有某种天赋。怎么发展这段还真是问题，我就开始以人如果具有某种天赋的话，掌握技能也快，并且能超越其他人达到优秀，而一个没有天赋的人是做不到这些的。也就是天赋与优秀是interactive, 并非exclusive的关系，这是句中心句。然后再以虚拟条件句来强调这层关系，如果没有天赋，培训也就会既无趣也无效；如果没有培训，天才们也不可能利用和发展他们的天赋。好了，很完整，很充实。

结尾段：也就是把我的观点原文翻译出来就行了：一个人能通过教育培训获取某种技能，但是如果要做到优秀卓越的话，就得具有某种天赋。切记，我是在主体三段的时候没有原文翻译这句话，否则，只能想其它办法了。

遣词造句：

看到任何一篇文章，题目中谈到的那些字眼，一般都将成为文章的中心词，所以要注意同义表达，运用同义表达具有两个方面，第一是词性变化（一般是动词，名词对换）；第二是同一词性内词义表达的多样性。如本文当中：

天赋：natural talent; innate talent

培训 training；continued teaching; guided practice; good training

be taught ; have been trained;

技能 different levels of ability ; acquire different skills; technique;

音乐、体育方面 play a sport or an instrument;

ability for sport, art or music; good players; good musicians and exceptional sports stars

这篇当中特别用到了否定虚拟条件句来强调说理，很值得学习，这个大有用途句型丰富得令我望其项背

假如是我？

看到这个题，跑到我脑子里的第一句就是爱因斯坦的那句名言：天才是百分之一的汗水加百分之九十九的灵感 Genius: one percent inspiration （灵感） and 99 percent perspiration （汗水），要在中文中，这句我肯定就得写上去，这时出彩点，但英文中，就得小心点（具体原因见我写的另外一篇博文：英文思维和中文思维有区别吗）。

这种培训和天才的关系文章肯定就是interact, 保持中立，某些老师同学的观点必须具有某种倾向性不知道从哪里来的无稽之谈，观点明确是有自己的观点，

而且一般必须出现in my opinion, I think 等第一人称的字眼。中立是一个明确的态度，如希特勒向法国开战，德国问瑞士，你帮谁？瑞士回答：“我谁也不帮，我中立”，难道你说瑞士态度不明确。这种中立观点题目主体分三段好写，一段一方观点，二段另外一方观点，三段我的观点中立，关键在如何发展主题段，范文中作者文字功底是在是太高了，把一些类似的观点能换个不同的角度用这么多的词汇句型表达（也可以说是完全采用讲道理的方式来发展），要我写得话可没这个本事，只好寄出我的杀手锏：具体话，也就是摆事实：

主体一段:任何一种技能都是可以学习获得的，比如练习游泳，就得学习怎么熟悉水性，练习呼吸，练习手和腿的协调摆动，经过反复练习后就会游泳了。

主体二段：天赋可以让你脱颖而出，如姚明的身高有利于投篮，成分NBA中锋的有利条件；梵高的色彩辨别能力使其成为一代宗师，没有天赋，呵呵，做梦吧第三段：一个人能通过教育培训获取某种技能，但是如果要做到优秀卓越的话，就得具有某种天赋。教育培训使人掌握一个领域的基本技能，音乐的乐谱，体育的肌肉训练等，但是一个有天赋的人不但将掌握技能时间缩短，而且学得跟好，更加重要的是，任何要想成为NO1等，天赋必不可少。奥运会奖牌得主就是训练和天赋完美结合的产物。

是科学还是艺术

看到这篇作文，也就是天赋和教育之间的相互关系，其实我的回答就是任何事件要把它做到卓越，那就得把它当做一半是科学，一半是艺术；英文当中称为part science, part art（注意，英文这个观点很长见，经常出现在报刊杂志中）。下面我谈谈体会：

临床实践：皮肤病当中有一种常见的却很难治愈的病：牛皮癣，它是一种免疫性疾病，经常复发，复发时皮肤瘙痒无比，病人有时生不如死。很多医院，尤其是中医药大学的附属医院宣传纯中药治疗，不采用激素，所以副作用小。我却对此有保留意见，因为激素治疗虽然副作用大，但是能很快减轻症状，一般门诊病人应诊时症状都很严重，皮肤被自己抓伤比较严重，还没说两句，就泣不成声。所以在这种情况下，应当中医治疗的基础上适当配以激素治疗，迅速减轻症状，然后停止激素治疗，纯中医制剂加上食疗，这样对病人生活质量总体上有好处。人人都希望疾病治疗副作用小，见效快，病人生活质量提高而长久。但是，实际当中，同时达到这几点是做不到的，因此医生诊断过程中应当综合考虑，充分考虑患者的综合需求，达到效益最大化。医生必须了解激素和中药疗法的特点，准确诊断病人所患疾病的阶段等，这就是科学；同时医生必须考虑病人的生活质量，同情病人（心理学上叫“同理性”），这又是一门艺术。

英语学习：经常听到有人讨论英语学习的“精还是泛”的区别，其实我认为应当是两条腿走路，精泛结合。精，借此掌握英语学科的基本功，基本功的学习应当“形成体系，灵活运用”，基本功体现在词汇、语法和语音三块；泛，即广泛的阅读杂志，收看CNN等电视节目，书写各种英文文章，经常和外国人进行交流，总之，多进行听说读写。但根据每个人的情况，精泛比例又不一样，大概说了，初期精比例大些，泛比例小些。学习者必须学习词法结购，语音规律等，这是科学；同时又要考虑精和泛的关系，自己学习的时间和目的，这就是很艺术的一件事情。

法律故事：汪精卫同志当年在武汉清洗共产党时，提出“宁可错杀三千，不可放过一个”，所以肯定有被冤枉的；而美国法律就审判有一条 beyond reasonable doubt, 也就是这人罪行确凿无误，所以肯定有漏网的。这两个案例中都必须寻

求证据，证明某人是共产党或罪犯，这是科学；同时汪精卫同志切实的保护自己的利益，冤枉几个人无所谓，而美国法律切实体现和保护广大人民的根本利益（听起来好像老美学过三个代表），觉得不能有人被诬陷，这其实也是一门艺术。所以，很多事情，把事情做到期限的态度就是：它既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。如果不把它当科学，事件基本原理和技能无法掌握，你就是在盲人摸象；如果不把它当艺术，你就墨守陈规，僵化保守（这最后这两句“如果”，英文中表达就是虚拟语气，呵呵）

品读剑桥B5T4 (1)

(2009-09-09 14:06:01)

Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on your personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life.

Which do you consider to be the major influence?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Today the way we consider human psychology and mental development is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences. We now understand the importance of inherited characteristics more than ever before. Yet we are still unable to decide whether an individual’s personality and development are more influenced by genetic factors (nature) or by the environment (nurture).

Research, relating to identical twins, has highlighted how significant inherited characteristics can be for an individual’s life. But whether these characteristics are able to develop within the personality of an individual surely depends on whether the circumstances allow such a development. It seems that the experiences we have in life are so unpredictable and so powerful, that they can boost or over-ride other influences, and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.

My own view is that there is no one major influence in a person’s life. Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situations and experiences that we encounter in life are constantly interacting. It is the interacting of the two that shapes a person’s personality and dictates how that personality develops. If this were not true, then we would be able to predict the behaviour and character of a person from the moment they were born.

In conclusion, I do not think that either nature or nurture is the major influence on a person, but that both have powerful effects. How these factors interact is still unknown today and they remain largely unpredictable in a person’s life.

Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on your personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life.

Which do you consider to be the major influence?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

开头段：

Today the way we consider human psychology and mental development is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences.

谈背景，这种称为作者与读者之间寻找共同点（common grounds）,也就是为了发展文章，作者希望能将读者获得同样一个起点，这样就能促进理解。

We now understand the importance of inherited characteristics more than ever before. Yet we are still unable to decide whether an individual’s personality and development are more influenced by genetic factors (nature) or by the environment (nurture).

We are unable to decide 获得了具体的背景知识，但这并不是作者个人的观点，注意人称we，但是从这里就奠定了文章的基调。

than ever before这时比较句型中两事物前后时间特征的比较，用得很广泛genetic factors，the environment 题目用词; nature , nurture 杂志报纸普遍用词,通过这种手段将题目与大众联系起来，高，实在是高

主体一段：

Research, relating to identical twins, has highlighted how significant inhe rited characteristics can be for an individual’s life.

遗传重要

作者背景知识很不错，联系到了医学当中的双生子研究（twin study）,也就是identical twins的研究，用研究结果来说明问题实际也是举例子的形式highlight [vt] 强调，这个词经常用到

But whether these characteristics are able to develop within the personality of an individual surely depends on whether the circumstances allow such a development.

遗传不一定重要

but引导了，whether… depends on whether…，这是句复杂句型，很对称很美观

“遗传特质是否在个人性格中发展取决于环境是否允许其发展”很科学的表述

It seems that the experiences we have in life are so unpredictable and so powerful, that they can boost or over-ride other influences, and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.

环境重要

It seems that接so…that的因果句型

plenty of research finding句末还不忘提出“有科学依据”

主体二段

一个my own view作标志引出了作者的观点interact ，作者观点标志词很重要no one influence (代表没有) instead (而是，代表替代观点)

It is the interacting of the two that shapes a person’s personality and dictates how that personality develops.

It is…that 的强调句型

shape，dictate [vt] 决定，注意同义表达

If this were not true, then we would be able to predict the behaviour and character of a person from the moment they were born.

还不过瘾，用否定虚拟语气来进一步强调

结尾段

In conclusion, I do not think that either nature or nurture is the major influence on a person, but that both have powerful effects.

In conclusion, I think再次总结强调自己的观点

How these factors interact is still unknown today and they remain largely unpredictable in a person’s life.

这个称为“扩展”，虽然确定了因素之间的关系是“相互影响”，扩展一下，“到达如何影响不知道”，是话题的进一步延伸

品读剑桥B5T4 (3)

(2009-09-09 16:36:35)

还原作者写作流程

审题：

nature or nurture 老调重弹，不过这这个话题没别的：中立。中立的主体段应该双方观点+我的观点

框架：

开头段：这是个很科学的话题，所以开头就应当把science这个东西提出来，说genetic science遗传学很火，遗传学也确实解释了一些东西，不过nature or nature这个问题确实没有解决。

主体一段：这次把正反两个方面都介绍一些吧，就三句话：遗传重要，遗传不一定重要，环境很重要。

主体二段：摆摆我的看法，交互（interact）,再解释强调一下：这种交互作用决定这我们，如果不是交互作用（也就是只是遗传决定），那么就是“龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠生子打地洞了”。

首位段：总结+展望：环境和遗传都很重要，而且如何交换咱不知道（不说最后这句也不会死人啊）。

遣词造句：

遗传的：inherited characteristics；genetic factor；nature

环境的：environment；nurture; situations and experiences

人的：human psychology ；mental development ；personality; behavior; character; Traits

作者运用了it is… that强调句和虚拟语气表强调，注意一下

如果是我？

作者有一些背景知识，但是他还是非专业人士，准确说研究环境对人发展影响的是心理学家们，尤其是以华生为代表的行为主义者；医学家，尤其是遗传流行病学专家做遗传对人发展的影响。有点扯远了，这个话题就是骑墙，观点就是相互

影响（interact）,专业术语叫“交互”。作者遣词造句的能力实在是望尘莫及，我还是老一套吧，发挥我的专业特长外加细化能力，要我写就这要吧：

第一段，老一套+本人的专业知识：这个话题很热，遗传学家和行为心理学家都很卖力，提出有相互冲突的说法。

第二段，支持遗传学的，人很多方面受遗传控制，不但是身高肤色等，性格和发展也是说遗传制约的，这些特征也就造就了社会的多样性。

再细化一下，如有的人天生内向，往往这种人也勤于思考，那么他

发展这些特点，也影响的职业发展，如做科研等，有些人天性外向，

倾向于社交，喜欢做销售等。

第三段，支持后天决定论的，环境对人有很大作用，双生子研究做过一些特别的证明就是把一个同卵双生（也就是遗传特质完全一致），然

后由于某种原因分开，性格和发展相差很大。

第四段，我的观点，相互影响，某种性格特质倾向于选择某种适合这种特质发展的环境（一个外向的人喜欢party; 某些环境也会改变人的特

质（如心理咨询治疗等）

第五段，总结一下

当然具体写的时候得把握个段落的长度，第二三段简写，第四段得多写点

品读剑桥B6T2 (1)

(2009-09-10 07:46:50)

Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries. Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.

Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists, or even leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country. However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate. So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.

Those who feel that sports stars are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense

and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of these factors may justify the huge earnings.

Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars is more justified than the huge earnings of mover stars, but at the same time, it indicates that our society places more value on sport than on more essential professionals and achievements.

Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.

profession [c]:职业 the legal/medical/teaching profession 同义词career/trade

professional [c]:专业人士

下面justify这组词非常重要，而且对应的汉语表达有点别扭，请特别注意justify [vt] 有正当理由的：Nothing can justify killing people. justifiable/justified [adj]: 有正当理由的： His actions are

justifiable/justified.

justification [c,u]: 理由 There is no justification for treating people so badly.

开头段：

As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries.

介绍背景，不过还介绍个原因constant media attention, 为主体段public support打下伏笔

those at the top与题目中的successful sports professionals对应起来，注意同义表达

Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.

补充说明一下huge salaries的情况，暗示着引起争议的导火线

Lifestyle [c]: 生活方式 lavish/simple/comfortable lifestyle

主体一段：

especially when 实则表示原因，

注意说理的具体化，sports professionals对应为other professionals (top surgeons or research scientists, leading politicians)

However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds.

However这句与上半句中的especially when结合起来，共同表示反方原因，即contribution and responsibility, 可以视为 because though the sports stars make less contributions and assume less responsibility than other

professionals, such as top scientists and leading politicians, they get far more salaries. 把一个完整的意思分成两句来表达，这个需要很厚的语言功底。

Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate. So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.

Instead反驳这个观点，这种写法称为“立个靶子打”，适应于一边倒的文章中，阐述对方观点，然后再批驳这个观点。

反驳的理由是public popularity, public support, 这个很有深度，俺就想不出来

So the notion of sth is not the issue. 这是个万能通用句型，“这不是个问题”。

主体二段：

Those who feel that sports stars are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. those might argue that 例举了正方的第一个支持证据“天才少”，the number are very few, 注意 the number of 应当指“….的数目”，应该为单数，不知作者怎么搞的

a recognition of the skills and dedication这句很有哲理，就像在政府部门或国有企业等，人才的标准来自于领导的认可“a recognition from your superiors”，也就是“领导说你行，你就行，不行也行；领导说你不行，你就不行，行也不行”

Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their relatively short career.

正方第二个支持证据，competition is constant “竞争激烈”

The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight.

正方第三个支持证据，little privacy “少隐私”

So all of these factors may justify the huge earnings.

这个是该段的中心句，justify the huge earnings

earnings [pl]表示收入，类似的有 pay [u], salary [c], wage [c], earnings [pl], income [c,u];注意一下各词的单复数性质

结尾段：

Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars is more justified than the huge earnings of mover stars,

我个人认为这是句败笔，题目和文章内容没有涉及到movie stars, 在这里牵出来有点画蛇添足，文章应当注重统一性（unity）,即围绕一个中心思想来写

but at the same time, it indicates that our society places more value on sport than on more essential professionals and achievements.

结尾再次强调作者的观点，sport比essential professionals and achievements 更有价值

还原作者写作流程：