名家古诗英译

《水调歌头》名家英译版两首

昔胡仔曾说：―中秋词，自东坡《水调歌头》一出，余词尽废。‖认为这是写中秋最好的一首词，此说是一点也不过分的。这首词仿佛是与明月的对话，在对话中探讨着人生的意义。既有理性，又有情趣，很是耐人寻味。

或许，早在我们从课本上学到《水调歌头》之前，就已经在王菲的歌声中，在各类影视剧中接触到这首词了吧。

今天，跟着小编一起，来看看这首词的两个英译版吧。分别是许渊冲先生以及林语堂先生的译作，大家更喜欢哪一个版本呢？

《水调歌头》：

明月几时有？把酒问青天。不知天上宫阙、今夕是何年？我欲乘风归去，惟恐琼楼玉宇，高处不胜寒。起舞弄清影，何似在人间？转朱阁，低绮户，照无眠。不应有恨、何事长向别时圆？人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。但愿人长久，千里共蝉娟。

许渊冲先生译作：

How long will the full moon appear?

Wine cup in hand, I ask the sky。

I do not know what time of the year

‘Would be tonight in the palace on high。

Riding the wind, there I would fly,

Yet I‘m afraid the crystalline palace would be

Too high and cold for me。

I rise and dance, with my shadow I play。

On high as on earth, would it be as gay?

The moon goes round the mansions red

Through gauze-draped window soft to shed

Her light upon the sleepless bed。

Why then when people part, is the oft full and bright?

Men have sorrow and joy; they part or meet again;

The moon is bright or dim and she may wax or wane。

There has been nothing perfect since the olden days。

So let us wish that man

Will live long as he can!

Though miles apart, we‘ll share the beauty she displays。

林语堂先生译作：

How rare the moon, so round and clear!

With cup in hand, I ask of the blue sky,

"I do not know in the celestial sphere

What name this festive night goes by?"

I want to fly home, riding the air,

But fear the ethereal cold up there,

The jade and crystal mansions are so high!

Dancing to my shadow,

I feel no longer the mortal tie。

She rounds the vermilion tower,

Stoops to silk-pad doors,

Shines on those who sleepless lie。

Why does she, bearing us no grudge,

Shine upon our parting, reunion deny?

But rare is perfect happiness--

The moon does wax, the moon does wane,

And so men meet and say goodbye。

I only pray our life be long,

And our souls together heavenward fly!

诗歌汉译英经典：李白两首名诗英译赏析

李白的七言绝句颇富浪漫主义情怀，豪迈奔放，率性而为。许渊冲先生的译作再现了诗作的―意美‖、―音美‖和―形美‖。

一《望庐山瀑布》

日照香炉生紫烟，遥望瀑布挂前川。

飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天。

CATARACT ON MOUNT LU

The sunlit Censer perk exhales a wreath of cloud;

like an upended stream the cataract sounds loud.

Its torrent dashes down three thousand feet from high;

As if the Silver River fell from azure sky.

赏析：原诗的第一句中一个―生‖字把静止的香炉峰写得富有了灵性。许先生同样一个"exhales"（―散发出‖或―呼出‖）也将香炉峰人格化了。"a wreath of cloud"形容―紫烟‖，其中名词"wreath"（―花环‖），有―缭绕‖以及―色彩绚丽‖

的生动意向。

原诗第二句一个―挂‖字，化动为静，呼应上文。而许先生使用动词"upended"（―被倒置‖）来形容远望中的瀑布像―倒挂‖的飞流，译出了诗词的弦外之音和意境之美。

第三句中，―飞‖和―直下‖描绘出瀑布飞散而降的气势。许先生译文中以"dashes down"作谓语，既合乎主语―倒挂的飞流‖飞下的走向，又传达出瀑布凌空而落的气势。

最后一句，许先生用动词"fell"，但为虚拟语气，把现实瀑布和想象中的银河自然地联系起来。

四行诗的韵脚比较多，许先生按原诗的节奏，择用aabb尾韵。为了压好韵脚，在诗句的语序方面做了必要的调整。总之，许先生保留了原作的―形美‖和―音美‖，译品接近原诗的自然节奏。

二《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》

故人西辞黄鹤楼，烟花三月下扬州。

孤帆远影碧空尽，唯见长江天际流。

SEEING MENG HAO-RAN OFF AT YELLOW CRANE TOWER

My friend has left the west where the Yellow Crane towers;

For River Town green with willows and red with flowers.

His lessening sail is lost in the boundless blue sky;

Where I see but the endless River rolling by.

赏析：

许先生总体构思上采用译气不译字的译作手法，灵活增减词语，变换句式，使得译作画意浓厚。

细节的处理上许先生更是功力深厚。第一句"My old friend has left the west where the Yellow Crane towers"，既交代了友人东行，又道出了黄鹤楼美景，句式上颇为押韵。第二句许先生创造性地运用对称整齐的句式，"green with willows"和"red with flowers"译出了满目的春色。许先生在三、四句的表达方式上做了大胆调整，把―尽‖字前移，使之更符合英语的表达习惯，同时还添加了几个不影响深层意义且注有韵脚的词语，如"his"，"where I see"，勾画除了诗人目送行舟，江边怅惘的心情。"His lessening sail is lost in the boundless blue sky"表现出诗人看着小船渐渐消失在远方时心中的感伤之情。

唐宋词中词牌名的英语翻译

词是韵文文体之一，又称―曲子词‖，即歌词。它本来是为配乐歌唱而写的诗。由于它是配乐歌唱的，所以每首词都有或至少曾经有过一个乐谱。每个乐谱都必定属于某种宫调(类似今天的C调、G调之类)，有一定的旋律、节奏，这些东西的总和就是词调。每种词调都有一个名称(如《西江月》、《清平乐》)，这个名称就叫―词牌‖。词始于唐，盛于宋，是一种脍炙人口的文学表达形式，历来为人们所钟爱。为把中华文化中这一绮丽的瑰宝译介到国外，不少译者已进行了大量开拓性的艰辛劳动，其中不乏精美传神叹为观止之作。然而，词的翻译比之散文小说确似更难，尤其是词牌名的翻译。

尽管就大多数词作来说，词牌与音乐或词中的内容关系不大，作者填词时，只视哪种词调形式更符合自己的需要，完全可以不去考虑词牌名称的原有含义和原来词曲的内容。因此词牌在一般意义上不过是标明作者依哪一种现成的曲谱进行填词而已。然而将词牌名译成英文时就不能不在传达词牌的神韵和美感的同时考虑它的历史来源和反映在其中的格律了。

下面试就词牌的几种常见的英译方法略抒浅见。

一、一般性词牌名的译法

一般性词牌名没有什么历史典故，或有，但已无从考证，或取自前人的某个词句，或只是一个风雅的名词而已。在这种情况下，按字面意思直译成英文，即可较好地保留原文的风格，传达原文的神韵和美感形象。例如：

鹧鸪天Partridge Sky

踏莎行Treading On Grass

相见欢Joy At Meeting

点绦唇Rouged Lips

满江红The River All Red

模鱼儿Groping For Fish

最高楼The Highest Tower

疏影Space Shadows

玉楼春Spring In Jade Pavilion

昼夜乐Joy Of Day And Night

西江月The Moon Over The West River

风入松Wind Through Pines

双双燕A Pair Of Sparrows

二、"歌"、"词"、"歌头"、"吟"等词牌名的译法

1．常带"歌"、"词"、"子"的词牌，不妨直译成"Song"，既简单明了，又贴切自然。例如：

子夜歌Midnight Song

洞仙歌Song Of A Fairy In The Cave

柳枝词Willow Branch Song

算子Song Of Divination

天仙子Song Of Immortal

更漏子Song Of Water Clock At Night

南歌子A Southern Song

2．词牌子带"吟"一类的较"歌"、"词"更为典雅，是一种便于吟诵、格调高雅、节奏舒缓的诗体，译成"Chant"，可以显得庄重端方，因为英语中的"Chant"多指宗教中的赞美诗或圣歌，意思与"吟"很相近。例如：

水龙吟Water Dragon Chant

瑞龙吟Auspicious Dragon Chant

3．"歌头"意即前奏或序曲，可译成"Prelude"。例如：

水调歌头Prelude To Water Melody

三、"令"、"引"、"近"、"慢"等词牌名的译法

有一些词牌末带有"令"、"引"、"近"、"慢"等术语。"令"与酒令有关，是一种比较接近民歌的抒情小曲；"引"集歌体与诗体于一身，也是这类诗歌诗曲调的演化；"慢"有篇幅较长、语言节奏舒缓、韵脚间隔较大等特点；"近"有亲昵、浅显的意思，可能与令、引等一样与曲调有关，指一种篇幅较"令"长而又不如"慢"曲那么典雅庄重的曲调。从字数上讲，大体上说，"令"多半属于"小令"范围，"引"、"近"多半属于"中调"范围，"慢"则绝大多数是"长调"。所以译成英文时可视具体情况译成"Song"；"Slow Song"；"Slow Tune"或"Slow，Slow Song"。例如；

调笑令Song Of Flirtation

唐多令Tang Duo Song

祝英台令Slow Song Of Zhu Ying Tai

扬州慢Slow Tune Of Yangzhou

声声慢Slow, Slow Song

四、"摊破"、"促拍"、"减字"、"偷声"等词牌名的译法

"摊破"(又名"摊声"、"添字")和"促拍"这两个术语都表示在原调基础上加了字、句。而"减字"、"偷声"则是在原调基础上减少了字句，而另成新调。"摊破"和"减字"是就字数而言，而"促拍"和"偷声"是就调而言。所以"摊破"可译成"Lengthened Form"，"促拍"可译成"Quickened Tune"，"减字"则可译成"Shortened Form，"，"偷声"则可译成"Slowed Tune"。例如：

减字木兰花Shortened Form Of Lily Magnolia Flowers

摊破浣溪沙Lengthened Form Of Silk-Washing Stream

五、根源于历史掌故的词牌名的译法

据考证，词调有五种来源：1．边疆民族曲调或域外音乐传入内地的；2．内地民歌曲调；3．乐工歌妓们创制或改制的曲调；4．宫廷音乐机构或词曲家根据古曲、大曲改制的；5．文人创作的曲子。正因为词调来源广泛，所以词牌的意思也很复杂。因此，有些词牌是不能根据字面直译的，而应在考释它的来历后再行动笔。

例如：《苏幕遮》原本是指从今天新疆吐鲁番(古高昌)传来的"浑脱"舞曲。"浑脱"是"囊袋"的意思。

据说，舞时舞者用油囊装水，互相泼洒，所以唐人又称之为"泼寒胡戏"。表演者为了不使冷水浇到头面，就戴上一种涂了油的帽子，高昌语叫"苏幕遮"，因而乐曲和后来依曲填出的词就被称为《苏幕遮》了。有人将它译成"Screened By Southern Curtain"，就是没考虑到它的来源而望文生义译出来的，尤其是"Southern"一词不知从何而来。据此，我以为直译成"Oiled Hat"未免太俗，不如译成"Water-bag Dance"。这样既点明了是舞曲，又可使读者领略到舞蹈的内容和形象。

《菩萨蛮》据考证原是今缅甸境内古代罗摩国的乐曲，后经汉族乐工改制而来的。唐苏鹗从《杜阳杂编》说："大中(唐宣宗年号)初，女蛮国贡双龙犀……其国．人危髻金冠，缨珞被体，故谓之菩萨蛮。当时倡优遂制菩萨蛮曲；文人亦往往声其词。"可见《菩萨蛮》中的菩萨与我们的佛祖菩萨(Buddha或Buddhist Idol)并无关系，词牌的意思是"象菩萨似的蛮国人"。有人将其译成"Buddhist Dancers"，真是差之毫厘失之千里!因为形容词"Buddhist"是"佛的，佛教的"意思，译回成中文就是"佛的舞者"，佛教中有没有舞者尚且不论，光意思就南辕北辙。如译成"Dancers Like Buddha"或"Buddha-like Dancer 还勉强过得去，或干脆译为"Song Of The Country Norm"，既简单又明了，只是失去了菩萨这个形象。

又如《念奴娇》，念奴为唐玄宗天宝年间一著名歌妓，玄宗时常诏见命歌，曲名本此。如果不知此曲底里，将它译成"Dreaming Of Her Charm"那就令人捧腹了。

有人将它译成"Charm Of A Maiden Singer，"歌手"和"娇"都译出来了，可我认为Maiden一词用得不恰当。"Maiden"一词在英文中是"处女"或"未婚女子"的意思，把它用在古时的歌妓身上未免太圣洁了，不如去掉"Malden"，译成"Charm Of A Singer"。"Charm"多指女子的妩媚，所以大可不必担心读者会弄错。"Singer"的性别。从这个意义上讲，"Maiden"也可删去，当然若将其换译成"Woman"也未尝不可。这里还牵涉到专有名词的译法，"念奴"这个名字对于大多数中国人尚且陌生，更不用说外国人了，译出来也不一定知道，反而妨碍意思的理解，故此处可撇下不管，用"A Singer"代替即可。类似的情况都可如此处理：如《昭君怨》就可译成"Lament Of A Fair Lady"。也可用加注的办法，如《虞美人》就可译成"The Beautiful Lady Yu"，这样外国人就知道是一个姓虞的美人了。

《葬花吟》中英对照赏析及曹雪芹英文简介

葬花吟

(清) 曹雪芹

花谢花飞飞满天，红绡香断有谁怜？

游丝软系飘春榭，落絮轻沾扑绣帘。

闺中女儿惜春暮，愁绪满怀无处诉。

手把花锄出绣帘，忍踏落花来复去。

柳丝榆荚自芳菲，不管桃飘与李飞。

桃李明年能再发，明岁闺中知是谁？

三月香巢初垒成，梁间燕子太无情！

明年花发虽可啄，却不道人去梁空巢也倾！一年三百六十日，风刀霜剑严相逼。

明媚鲜妍能几时，一朝飘泊难寻觅。

花开易见落难寻，阶前愁杀葬花人。

独把花锄偷洒泪，洒上空枝见血痕。杜鹃无语正黄昏，荷锄归去掩重门。青灯照壁人初睡，冷雨敲窗被未温。怪侬底事倍伤神，半为怜春半恼春。怜春忽至恼忽去，至又无语去不闻。昨宵庭外悲歌奏，知是花魂与鸟魂？花魂鸟魂总难留，鸟自无语花自羞。愿侬此日生双翼，随花飞到天尽头。天尽头！何处有香丘？

未若锦囊收艳骨，一杯净土掩风流。质本洁来还洁去，强于污淖陷渠沟。尔今死去侬收葬，未卜侬身何日丧？侬今葬花人笑痴，他年葬侬知是谁？试看春残花渐落，便是红颜老死时。一朝春尽红颜老，花落人亡两不知！

Song of the Burial of Flowers

Cao Xueqin [Qing Dynasty]

Flowers fade and fall and fly about up in the sky,

But who pities the loss of your fragrance when you die? Like gossamer you float and land on pavilions,

With your fallen petals clung soft to fine curtains.

In my boudoir I sigh over the close of spring,

But there‘s no way to express my sorrowful feeling. Spade in hand, I go out from under my fine curtain,

To and fro on fallen petals, how can I bear treading? Willow twigs and elm buds send sweet scents as they may, Who cares when peach and plum petals are in decay? Next year peach and plum trees will be in bloom again, But who will be the master of my boudoir then?

In March lunar swallows have got their nests ready,

They on the beam seem to be those without mercy.

Next year in their flight, fresh flowers they may peck, though,

All that they and I have will be lost, they never know.

There are three hundred and sixty days in one year,

With you the elements of nature are severe.

Time is not long for you to be bright and charming,

Your trace and track are hard to find in your drifting.

You are easy to see when open but hard when fallen,

Before the stairs I am worried where to find your remains.

Against the spade I lean and in secret weep sudden,

Splashed on your bare branches are my tears like bloodstains.

The cuckoo ceases its warbling at twilight,

With my spade I return and shut the doors tight.

I go to bed with a lone oil lamp still shining,

My quilt is not warm when a cold rain is falling.

I feel at heart it is a matter quite nerve-racking,

For I like spring or I feel sad over its leaving.

Spring I love and my sorrow repair at a fast pace,

They come silent and go without leaving a trace.

Last night beyond pavilions sad song seemed rising,

Was it the souls of flowers or birds that were singing?

It is always hard to ask their souls to stay behind,

That birds are silent and flowers feel ashamed, I find.

I wish to have two wings under my arms to fly,

After you unto the farthest end of the sky.

At the farthest end of the sky,

Where can I find the grave of your fragrance lie?

Better in silk to shroud your petals fair,

With a handful of clean earth as your attire.

For pure you have come and pure you repair,

Lest you fall into some foul ditch or mire.

I hold a burial when you die today,

But there‘s no telling when I pass away.

Others laugh at me that have buried thee,

Who will be the one that shall bury me?

At the farthest end of the sky,

Where can I find the grave of my fragrance lie?

The end of spring makes flowers fall one by one,

It‘s also the time when beauty meets its doom.

Once beauty is carried to its very tomb,

Both beauty and flowers perish known to none.

The poet and the background note: Cao Xueqin (? ~1764) was one of the most famous novelists and poets in the history of Chinese literature. Born in an influential Manchurian bureaucratic family, he had high cultural accomplishments and outstanding competence for art. During the reign of the Qing Emperor Yongzheng, his father was involved in a political struggle within the ruling class, defeated, so his family suffered a heavy blow both politically and financially. Thereafter, his family circumstances deteriorated. However, adversity brought talent in return. It was when he was plunged in such an embarrassing circumstance that he had the chance to contact himself with the underprivileged of the then society, thus giving him specific, intense experience, and enabling himself to see better of life. He spent as was recorded, at least ten years busying himself with the production of the novel The Dream of the Red Chamber, in which, through a detailed description of the rise and fall of an influential noble family of that time, he created a great number of typical characters, conducted in-depth analyses and criticisms of the then evil society and, at the same time, sang ebullient praises of both the male and female youths who were considered heretical in pursuit of love. The Dream of the Red Chamber is seen as a great realistic masterpiece among the Chinese classic novels. But the novel reveals a kind of pessimism and sentimentalism past cure. With the tone of Lin Daiyu, one of the heroines in The Dream of the Red Chamber, the author Cao Xueqin blended human feelings with nature in this novel as if in confirmation of man‘s helplessness in the presence of the change of nature and the flight of time. As is known to all that have read it, Lin is a sentimentalist who, taking as part of her life the enjoyment of flowers and moonlight, tends to shed tears at the sight of flowers falling, and feel sad when finding the moon waning. In fact, Flowers bloom and then flowers die, There‘s no need for her to give a sigh. It is the very law of nature, she ought not to take pains to bother. Relentless away time flies,

over the natural loss she cries. She was born frail and tender, or because she‘s a teenager.

The author intended his novel to be a tragedy, around the theme of which he spread all the plots in it. Here, in this poem he had his heroine Lin utter his aspirations to achieve the artistic effect.

汉译英佳译赏析：《朱子家训》翻译欣赏

朱子家训是我国古时的家庭礼教文化精华，使人通人事，明事理，而张香桐院士的译文无论从用词，达意，音韵等方面都堪称翻译的典范，现摘抄数篇供大家欣赏。

（1）一粥一饭，当思来之不易。半丝半缕，恒念物力维艰。

The growing of rice and of grain

Think on whenever you dine;

Remember how silk is obtained

Which keeps you warm and looks fine.

（2）宜未雨而绸缪，勿临渴而掘井。

In periods of drought

Wise birds mend their nest

So when the clouds burst

They snugly may rest;

Never be the fool

Who starts to dig a well in the ground

When he wants a drink of water

And water can't be found.

（3）与肩挑贸易毋占便宜，与贫苦亲邻须加温恤。

Bargain you not with the traveler who vends;

Share of your wealth with your neighbors and friends.

（4）居家戒争讼，讼则终凶；处世戒多言，言多必失。

Don't take into court your family disputes,

Unpleasant endings emerge from lawsuits;

To comport yourself well in society,

Restrain loose tongue's impropriety.

（5）勿恃权势而凌孤寡；

勿贪口腹而恣杀性。

Use not your bow and arrow

To bully orphan and widow.

Do not dumb animals slaughter at will

Your appetite greedy to over fulfill.

（6）乖僻自是，悔悟必多；

颓惰自甘，家园终替。

Egocentric people grow

Much regret and sorrow;

Lazy, slothful people sow

Poverty tomorrow.

（7）施惠勿念；受恩莫忘。

In proclaiming your virtues go slow;

And be mindful of mercy you own.

（8）凡事当留余地，

得意不宜再往。

Leave room for retreat

When trying new feat.

You will try, try in vain

To repeat windfall gain.

（9）人有喜庆，不可生忌妒心；

人有祸患，不可生欣幸心。

Don't envy other's success;

Don't gloat o'er other's distress.

(注：o'er即over，为了译文的音律而采用缩略的形式)

（10）善欲人见，不是真善；

恶恐人知，便是大恶。

To brag of the good you have done

Will never impress anyone.

Personal scandals you try hard to hide

Will soon be known far and wide.

《红楼梦》精彩译文赏析

伦敦大学教授英译《红楼梦》。《红楼梦》是中国的旷世巨著，大陆、香港、台湾都曾改编拍成电影，家喻户晓。50年代大陆拍摄的《红楼梦》在香港创下了连映二百多天的纪录，至今仍未有一部电影可以打破该纪录。

五四运动后不少白话文作家都歌颂过《红楼梦》这部伟大的小说。红学专家，风起云涌，人才辈出；红学佳作，淙淙汩汩，源源不绝。

五六十年代多位中外学者就曾经把《红楼梦》英译，介绍到西方国家去，但由于种种问题，都只是节译而已。

直至70年代有一位牛津大学的讲座教授霍克思(David Hawks)，竟然不惜辞去职务，专心埋首于全部《红楼梦》的英译。他的译笔功力深邃，英文写得非常流畅。

请先欣赏霍克斯在《红楼梦》英译本自序中的最后一段感人的话：

"My one abiding principle has been to translate everything-even puns. For although this is ,in the sense I have already indicated, an 'unfinished' novel, it was written (and written) by a great artist with his very life blood. I have therefore assumed that whatever I find in it is there for a purpose and must be dealt with somehow or other, I cannot pretend always to have done so successfully, but if I can convey to the reader even a fraction of the pleasure this Chinese novel given me , I shall not have lived in vain."

中国曹雪芹英国霍克思

撰写《红楼梦》这部旷世巨著的曹雪芹，堪称中国文学史的奇才，数十年来无数作家学者都把这部经典名作奉为圭臬，推崇备至。

70年代著名学者胡菊人先生在其专栏里就写过这样一段话：

―在技巧上我们可以说自清末至'五.四'直至今天，在中国而言，无人能与曹雪芹并肩。他的技巧，尤其在肌理上，细心研究，令人惊骇，以为是神鬼写下的文墨。‖

曹雪芹如果九泉下有知，欣悉二百余年后西洋竟然出了另一位奇才，连大学教授的高职也辞去，在家中孜孜不倦十五载，把他的作品全部译成蟹形文字，介绍到西方国家，必定会含笑引为同调！

这位西洋奇才就是前英国伦敦大学的教授霍克思(David Hawks.)

这里介绍霍克思译红楼梦，是希望大学翻译系的同学能观摩汉英翻译的极品，同时更为望各位忠实读者能欣赏地道中文与地道英语的讲写之法，从而提高研习中英文的兴趣。

且看曹雪芹怎样写林黛玉细读《西厢记》的：

―从头看去，越看越爱，不顿饭时，已看了好几出了。但觉词句警入，余香满口。一面看了只管出神。心内还默默记诵。―曹氏这种芊绵绮丽的文字，同样值得默默记诵。大家不妨试译这段短文，下文我会摘录霍氏的英译供你们观赏研习。

妙词通戏语艳曲惊芳心

上文引述了《红楼梦》第二十三回中的一小节，描写的是林黛玉细读《西厢记》。

第二十三回的回目是：

―西厢记妙词通戏语牡丹亭艳曲惊芳心‖

各位觉得是不是对得很工整呢？

其实《红楼梦》书中一百二十个回目都对得很贴切，展卷前单看这些回目已经是一种艺术享受了。

现在请大家欣赏曹雪芹的生花妙笔，然后研习霍克斯的精彩妙译：

―从头看去，越看越爱，不顿饭时，已看了好几出了。但觉词句警入，余香满口。一面看了，只管出神，心内还默默记诵。‖

"The more she read, the more she liked it, and before very long she had read several acts, She felt the power of the words and their lingering fragrance. Long after she had finished reading. When she had laid down the book and was sitting there rapt and silent, the lines continued to ring on in her head."

原文通畅易晓，雅丽芊绵，是地地道道的好文字；译文亦步亦趋，简洁流畅，从平凡中见功力，更觉难能可贵。

希望你们把原文译文反复熟诵，探究中英文的地道写法。下文开始提供对白英译，希望能协助大家提高英语会话的能力。

灵心妙手译笔一流

《红楼梦》是中国文学园地百花丛中的一朵奇葩。它塑造了众多独特鲜明的人物，是一部不朽的艺术珍品。书中的主要角色，如贾宝玉、林黛玉、薛宝钗、王熙凤、刘姥姥等都宛如活在我们的心中。可见曹雪芹刻画人物，功力深邃。

谈到曹雪芹的艺术表现才华，不得不联系到《红楼梦》的对白写法。对白写得活泼生动是人物对比强烈、黑白分明时，更容易在读者心中产生鲜明的印象，因为对白中所用的字眼和语气最能表露出人物的神态。

我们先欣赏第十一回，凤姐与尤氏谈论秦可卿的病情：

―凤姐听了，眼圈儿红了一会子，方说道：'天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福，这点年纪，倘或因这病上有个长短，人生在世，还有什么趣儿呢！‖

且欣赏英国名教授David Hawks (霍克思)怎样运用灵心妙手，妥贴译成合乎惯用法的地道英文：

"Xi feng's eyes became moist and for a moment she was too overcome to speak. ' I know "the weather and human life are both unpredictable,"' she said at last,'but she's only a child still. If anything should happen to her as a result of this illness, I think all the fun would go out of life!'"

经典名著对白地道英语译法

霍克思是一位汉学家，精通中国古典文学，译过《离骚》、杜甫诗，通晓宋词、元典。他盛年时已出任牛津大学中国文学讲座教授，但他竟然薄此而不为，花了十多个寒暑闭户埋首英译《红楼梦》。

霍克思把书名译为The Story of the Stone,摒弃了一直沿用的The Dream of the Red Chamber,是因为手抄本一

向用《石头记》为书名。

我们现在来欣赏霍克思翻译的贾宝玉与袭人的一段对话：

―宝玉听了这话，见她脸上气色非往日可比，便笑道：?怎么又动了气呢？‘袭人冷笑道：?我那里敢动气呢？只是你从今别进这屋子了。横竖有人服待你，再不必支使我，我仍旧服侍老太太去。‘‖

"The expression on her face as she uttered these words was angrier than he had ever seen her look before. ―He laughed. "'Oh dear! Are you in a rage again?" "Aroma laughed mirthlessly. "'It's not for the likes of me to get into rages, But I wish that from now on you would stop coming into this room, After all, you have got people to wait on you elsewhere . You don't really need my services. I shall back to serving Her Old Ladyship, like I used before.'"

许渊冲翻译项羽《垓下歌》：力拔山兮气盖世-古诗词汉译英

《垓下歌》是西楚霸王项羽，在进行决一死战的前夕所作的绝命曲，属于汉乐府诗类型。这首诗中既洋溢着无与伦比的

《垓下歌》是西楚霸王项羽，在进行决一死战的前夕所作的绝命曲，属于汉乐府诗类型。这首诗中既洋溢着无与伦比的豪气，又蕴涵着满腔深情；既显示出罕见的自信，却又为人的渺小而沉重叹息，以短短的四句，表现出如此丰富的内容和复杂的情感，真可谓诗歌史上的一个奇迹。

汉译英：项羽《垓下歌》

力拔山兮气盖世，

时不力兮骓不逝。

骓不逝兮可奈何，

虞兮虞兮奈若何！

许渊冲译：

XIANG YU‘S LAST SONG

I could pull mountains down, oh! With main and might,

But my good fortune wanes, oh! My steed won‘t fight.

Whether my steed will fight, oh! I do not care.

What can I do with you, oh! My lady fair!

[注释]

[1]此诗集英雄、骏马、美人、天时、命运、爱情、悲歌于一体，慨叹人力不敌天时，倘天时不利，一切伟力与至美均将毁灭。《史记·项羽本纪》载：―项王军壁垓下，兵少食尽，汉军及诸侯兵围之数重。夜闻汉军四面皆楚歌，项王乃大惊曰：?汉皆已得楚乎？是何楚人之多也？‘项王则夜起，饮帐中。有美人名虞，常幸从；骏马名骓（zhuī），常骑之。于是项王乃悲歌慷慨，自为诗曰（略）。歌数阕，美人和之。项王泣数行下，左右皆泣，莫能仰视。‖虞姬有《和项王歌》：―汉兵已略地，四方楚歌声。大王意气尽，贱妾何聊生！‖今人吴汝煜云：―此诗《史记》《汉书》都未见收载，唐张守节《史记正义》从《楚汉春秋》中加以引录，始流传至今。《楚汉春秋》为汉初陆贾所撰，至唐犹存。刘知几、司马贞、张守节都曾亲见，篇数与《汉书·艺文志》所载无異。本诗既从此书辑出，从材料来源上说，并无问题。有人认为汉初不可能有如此成熟的五言诗，颇疑其伪，但从见载于《汉书·外戚传》的《戚夫人歌》及骊道元《水经注·河水注》的《长城歌》来看，可知秦汉时期的民间歌谣，不乏五言，且已比较成熟。宋王应麟《困学纪闻》卷十二《考史》认为此诗是我国最早的一首五言诗，可见其在中国诗歌史上地位之重要。‖（见《汉魏六朝诗鉴赏辞典》，上海辞书出版社1992年版）此外，《楚汉春秋》虽已失传，但陆贾的另一更为重要的著作《新語》却流传至今，中华书局1986年出版了当代学者王利器的校註本。《新語》中有不少五言韻語，如《道基篇》的―潤之以风雨，曝之以日光。温之以节气，降之以殞霜。位之以衆星，制之以斗衡。苞之以六合，罗之以纪纲。改之以災变，告之以禎祥。动之以生杀，悟之以文章。‖类似句式全书多见。尤其是《術事篇》的―德薄者位危，去道者身亡。萬世不易法，古今同纪纲‖，以及《輔政篇》的―甘言之所嘉，靡不为之傾。惟堯知其实，仲尼见其情‖，明顯具有了五言詩的基本风調。从五言韻語的角度看，陆贾所記的虞姬五言詩是颇为可信的。换言之，秦汉之交的这首五言詩应是陆贾加工润色的作品。

[2]骓不逝：重围之中的骏马不再向前飞奔了。骓：黑白相间的马。

[3]若：你。

[评析]

朱熹：―项羽所作垓下帐中之歌，其词慷慨激烈，有千载不平之余愤。若其成败得失，则亦可以为强不知义者之深戒。‖（魏庆之《诗人玉屑》卷十三《晦庵论垓下账中之歌》）《乐府诗集》卷五八无名氏《项王歌》：―无復拔山力，谁论盖世才？欲知汉骑满，但听楚歌哀！悲看骓马去，泣望舣舟来。‖

唐顺之《精选批点史记》卷一：―《垓下歌》悲壮呜咽，与《大风》各自模写帝王兴衰气象。‖

沈德潛《古诗源》卷二：―?可奈何‘、?奈若何‘，呜咽缠绵，从古真英雄必非无情者。‖ 梁启超《中国之美文及其历史》：―这位失败英雄写自己最后情绪的一首诗，把他整个人格活活表现，读起来像看加尔达支勇士最后自杀的雕像。则今二千多年，无论那一级社会的人几乎没有不传诵，真算得中国最伟大的诗歌了。‖又：―这首短歌，给二千年来许多武士很深的印象。一般人读起来，没有不替他洒同情之淚。‖

钱鍾书《管锥编》第一册《项羽本纪》：―?项王乃悲歌慷慨。……美人和之‘。周亮工《尺牘新钞》三集卷二释道盛《與某》：?余獨謂垓下是何等時，虞姬死而子弟散，匹马逃亡，身迷大泽，亦何暇更作歌詩！即有作，亦谁闻之而谁記之歟？吾謂此数语者，无論事之有无，应是太史公?筆補造化‘，化为传神。‘语虽过当，而引李贺?筆補造化‘句，则頗窥?伟其事‘、?详其跡‘（《文心雕龙·史传》）之理，故取之。‖

英译李清照的经典之作《醉花阴》-宋词英语翻译赏析

《醉花阴》，曾用名《漱玉词》，现两者通用。传说漱玉词由济南李清照故居前的漱玉泉得名，是为济南七十二名泉

《醉花阴》，曾用名《漱玉词》，现两者通用。

传说漱玉词由济南李清照故居前的漱玉泉得名，是为济南七十二名泉之一，泉水清澈见底，泉水自池底涌出，溢出池外，跌落石上，水石相激，淙淙有声，犹如漱玉。相传李清照早年曾在泉边洗漱。该泉自今仍在流淌，现在济南趵突泉公园内的李清照纪念堂门口。

李清照她出生于一个爱好文学艺术的士大夫家庭，与太学生赵明诚结婚后一同研究金石书画，过着幸福美好的生活。靖康之变后，她与赵明诚避乱江南，丧失了珍藏的大部分文物。后来赵明诚病死，她独自漂流在杭州、越州、金华一带，在凄苦孤寂中度过了晚年。她是一位在诗、词、文、赋都有成就的作家，但最擅长、最有名的是词。

后来金人铁蹄南下，南宋王朝腐败无能，自毁长城。赵明诚空怀满腔热血，可惜出师未捷身先死。目睹国破家亡，清照"虽处忧患穷困而志不屈"，在"寻寻觅觅、冷冷清清"的晚年，她殚精竭虑，编撰《金石录》，完成丈夫未竟之功。

后来她常作《醉花阴》即《漱玉词》词，其中醉花阴（人比黄花瘦），别具一格，语言新颖凝炼，可谓千古佳句。《醉花阴》词牌名为李清照首作《漱玉词》而来。

英文诗歌赏析：李清照《醉花阴》

To the Tune of Intoxicated Under the Shadow of Flowers

The Double Ninth Festival

Light mists and heavy clouds,

melancholy the long dreary day.

In the golden censer

the burning incense is dying away.

It is again time

for the lovely Double-Ninth Festival;

The coolness of midnight

penetrates my screen of sheer silk

and chills my pillow of jade.

After drinking wine at twilight

under the chrysanthemum hedge,

My sleeves are perfumed

by the fragrance of the plants.

Oh, I cannot say it is not endearing,

Only, when the west wind stir the curtain,

I see that I am more gracile

than the yellow flowers.

醉花阴

薄雾浓云愁永昼，

瑞脑销金兽。

佳节又重阳，

玉枕纱橱，

半夜凉初透。

东篱把酒黄昏后，

有暗香盈袖。

莫道不消魂，

帘卷西风，

人比黄花瘦！

李清照《醉花阴》赏析

这首词是李清照前期的怀人之作。李婚后不久，丈夫赵明诚便― 负笈远游‖，深闺寂寞，她深深思念着远行的丈夫。这年，时届重九，人逢佳节倍思亲，便写了这首词寄给赵明诚。

―薄雾浓云愁永昼，瑞脑销金兽‖，这两句借助室内外秋天的景物描写，表现了词人白日孤独寂寞的愁怀。―永昼‖指漫长的白天，―永‖字便可见词人内心的无聊愁苦。―瑞脑‖，香料名，又叫龙脑香。―金兽‖，铜制的兽形熏香炉。这两句的意思是：从清晨稀薄的雾气到傍晚浓厚的云层，这漫长的白昼，阴沉沉的天气真使人愁闷。那雕着兽形的铜香炉里，龙脑香已渐渐烧完了，可心中的愁思为何总缕缕不绝呢？可见，这两句虽为景语，却句句含情，构成一种凄清惨淡的氛围，有力地衬托出思妇百无聊赖的闲愁。

―佳节又重阳，玉枕纱厨，半夜凉初透‖，这三句写出了词人在重阳佳节孤眠独寝、夜半相思的凄苦之情。―玉枕‖，瓷枕。―纱厨‖，即碧纱厨，以木架罩以绿色轻纱，内可置榻，用以避蚊。常言道：―每逢佳节倍思亲‖，今日里―佳节又重阳‖，词人又怎能不更加思念远方的丈夫呢？一个―又‖字，便充满了寂寞、怨恨、愁苦之感，更何况，玉枕、纱厨往昔是与丈夫与共的，可如今自己却孤眠独寝，触景生情，自然是柔肠寸断心欲碎了。显然，这里的―凉‖不只是肌肤所感之凉意，更是心灵所感之凄凉。

―东篱把酒黄昏后，有暗香盈袖‖，这两句写出了词人在重阳节傍晚于东篱下菊圃前把酒独酌的情景，衬托出词人无语独酌的离愁别绪。―东篱‖，是菊圃的代称，语出陶诗―采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。‖―暗香‖，菊花的幽香。―盈袖‖，因饮酒时衣袖挥动，带来的香气充盈衣袖。重阳佳节，把酒赏菊，本来极富情趣，然而丈夫远游，词人孤寂冷清，离愁别恨涌上心头，即便―借酒销愁‖，亦是―愁更愁‖了。又哪有心情欣赏这―暗香浮动‖的菊花呢？

―莫道不销魂，帘卷西风，人比黄花瘦‖，这三句直抒胸臆，写出了抒情主人公憔悴的面容和愁苦的神情。―销魂‖极喻相思愁绝之情。―帘卷西风‖即―西风卷帘‖，暗含凄冷之意。这三句工稳精当，是作者艺术匠心之所在。先以―销魂‖点神伤，再以―西风‖点凄景，最后落笔结出一个―瘦‖字。在这里，词人巧妙地将思妇与菊花相比，展现出两个迭印的镜头：一边是萧瑟的秋风摇撼着羸弱的瘦菊，一边是思妇布满愁云的憔悴面容，情景交融，创设出了一种凄苦绝伦的境界。

全词开篇点―愁‖，结句言―瘦‖。―愁‖是―瘦‖的原因，―瘦‖是―愁‖的结果。贯穿全词的愁绪因―瘦‖而得到了最集中最形象的体现。可以说，全篇画龙，结句点睛，―龙‖画得巧，―睛‖点得妙，巧妙结合，相映成辉，创设出了―情深深，愁浓浓‖ 的情境

杜牧《清明》英译赏析：翻译大师将“清明、断魂和牧童”传神的翻译成英文清明时节语纷纷——杜牧的原诗：―清明时节雨纷纷/ 路上行人欲断魂/ 借问酒家何处有/ 牧童遥指杏花村‖。

这首诗有多种英译版本，要想把这首诗翻译给外国人，一定要把这首诗中的几个关键词：―清明‖、―断魂‖、―牧童‖——传神地翻译出来。

首先是遇到的问题是什么是“清明”？

简便的方法当然是用拼音Qingming，比如徐忠杰先生、陈君朴先生就是这么翻译的。如果不用音译，还有什么好的方法来翻译―清明‖呢？吴钧陶先生、唐一鹤先生将―清明‖意译为The Pure Brightness Day。许渊冲先生穿越了―清明‖字面本身，直接点明其内涵（The Day of Mourning for the Dead）。蔡廷干先生则别具一格地借用了英语―万圣节‖（All Saints' Day）将―清明节‖翻译为All Souls' Day。

接下来要演绎的是“断魂”的境界

陈君朴先生翻译为broken-hearted（心碎）；许渊冲（heart is going to break）、吴君陶先生（heart lost in dismay）也都是用heart来做文章。唐一鹤先生用名词sorrow（悲伤）来代指―断魂‖，蔡廷干先生用了一个副词sadly（The men and women sadly move along the way）。杨宪益、戴乃迭先生（古诗苑汉英译丛《唐诗》，外文出版社2001）则用了两个形容词词gloomy（阴郁的）、miserable（悲惨的）来表述。

至于一个“牧童”，各位翻译大师是这样各自表述的：

徐忠杰——peasantlad（农民小伙儿）

陈君朴——Abuffaloboy（水牛娃）

吴钧陶——cowboy（牛仔）

蔡廷干——herdboy（牧童）

许渊冲——cowherd（放牛娃）

唐一鹤、孙大雨——shepherd（牧羊人）

杨宪益、戴乃迭——shepherdboy（牧羊童）

谷歌——cowboy（牛仔）

清明节最有名古诗《清明》英文版，数位英语翻译大师英译版

清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。清明节就要来了，整理了各英语翻译家翻译的《清明》，如吴钧陶、许渊冲、蔡廷干、杨宪益及戴乃迭等等。

《清明》

(唐)杜牧

清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。

借问酒家何处有？牧童遥指杏花村。

吴钧陶英译《清明》((韵式aaba)

It drizzles thick and fast on the Pure Brightness Day,

I travel with my heart lost in dismay。

"Is there a public house somewhere, cowboy?"

He points at Apricot Village faraway。

许渊冲英译《清明》((韵式aabb)

A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day;

The mourner's heart is going to break on his way。

Where can a wineshop be found to drown his sad hours?

A cowherd points to a cot 'mid apricot flowers。

蔡廷干英译《清明》((韵式aabb)

The rain falls thick and fast on All Souls' Day,

The men and women sadly move along the way。

They ask where wineshops can be found or where to rest ----

And there the herdboy's fingers Almond-Town suggest。

孙大雨英译《清明》((韵式aaba)

Upon the Clear-and-Bright Feast of spring, the rain drizzleth down in spray。

Pedestrians on countryside ways, in gloom are pinning away。

When asked "Where a tavern fair for rest, is hereabouts to be found",

The shepherd boy the Apricot Bloom Vill, doth point to afar and say。

杨宪益、戴乃迭英译《清明》((无韵译法) （古诗苑汉英译丛《唐诗》，外文出版社，2001）

It drizzles endless during the rainy season in spring,

Travelers along the road look gloomy and miserable。

When I ask a shepherd boy where I can find a tavern,

He points at a distant hamlet nestling amidst apricot blossoms。

万昌盛、王中英译《清明》((韵式aabb)

The ceaseless drizzle drips all the dismal day,

So broken-hearted fares the traveler on the way。

When asked where could be found a tavern bower,

A cowboy points to yonder village of the apricot flower。

吴伟雄英译《清明》(韵式aabb)

It drizzles thick and fast on the Mourning Day,

The mourner's heart is going to break on his way。

When asked for a wineshop to drown his sad hours?

A cowboy points to a hamlet amid apricot flowers。

万昌盛、王僴中（《中国古诗一百首》，大象出版社，1999）

The ceaseless drizzle drips all the dismal day,

So broken-hearted fares the traveler on the way.

When asked where could be found at avern bower,

Acow boy points to yonder village of the apricot flower

林语堂英译李清照的经典之作《声声慢》-宋词英语翻译赏析

《声声慢》意境：以凄清萧索的环境来烘托凄惨悲切的心境。在词中，无论忽寒忽暖的天气、淡薄的酒味、入夜忽起的秋风、天上的大雁、满地的黄花，还是窗外的梧桐和黄昏的细雨，无一不是生愁、助愁、牵愁的，简直是景景含愁，处处成愁。这种浓重的凄苦氛围真切地表现了词人的愁苦，强烈震撼读者的心。

Written by Li Yi-an Translated by: Lin Yutang

文：李易安英译：林语堂

So dim, so dark,

So dense, so dull,

So damp, so dank,

So dead!【1】

寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚，

The weather, now warm, now cold,

Makes it harder

Then ever to forget!

乍暖还寒时候，最难将息，

How can a few cups of thin wine

Bring warmth against

The chilly winds of sunset?

三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他，晚来风急。

I recognize the geese flying overhead:

My old friends,

Bring not the old memories back!

雁过也，正伤心，却是旧时相识。

Let fallen flowers lie where they fall.

To what purpose and for whom should I decorate?

满地黄花堆积，憔悴损，如今有谁堪摘。

By the window shut,

Guarding it alone,

To see the sky has turned to black!

守着窗儿，独自怎生得黑？

And the drizzle on the kola nut

Keeps on droning:

Pit-a-pat, pit-a-pat!【2】

梧桐更兼细雨，到黄昏，点点滴滴，

Is this the kind of mood and moment

To be expresses

By one word "sad?"

这次第，怎一个，愁字了得。

【1】dim,暗淡的，昏暗的；模糊的。dense,稠密的；浓厚的；愚钝的。dull,阴暗的。damp,dank,潮湿的。

【2】drizzle, 毛毛细雨。

kola nut, 可乐果，南美的一种植物，在这里应该就是指梧桐吧。

droning, adj. noisy like the sound of a bee. 发出嗡嗡声的。声音低沉单调的。

两会英语回顾：盘点2003-2012年温总理答记者问10年精彩古文诗词语录，汉译英中英双语对照

给温家宝总理做现场口译绝对不是一件轻松的事，自2003年温总理在十届全国人大一次会议的记者招待会上就―工作风格‖问题，引用林则徐的名言―苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之。‖回答记者提问，开了总理答记者问―引

经据典‖的先河。之后，在每年的人大记者会上，温总理都以其深厚的文学素养给记者们以及全国人民留下了深刻的印象。回顾从2007年到2012年每年温总理答中外记者问时引用的妙语。才发现，一国的总理才是中国古老文化的最佳代言人。这些名句？你还记得多少呢？

2012年答记者问

我将在最后一年守职而不废，处义而不回，永远和人民在一起。

In my last year in office, I will not waiver and carry out my duties,and will remain true to my conviction," "I will always be with the people," the premier said.

入则恳恳以尽忠，出则谦谦以自悔。

Good officials should serve as loyal as they can conscientiously when they are in office and engage in modest

self-reflection when their terms end.

知我罪我，其惟春秋。

"There are people who will appreciate what I have done but there are also people who will criticize me," he said. "Ultimately, history will have the final say."

苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之

In line with the conviction that I will do whatever it takes to serve my country even at the cost of my own life, regardless of fortune or misfortune to myself.

2011年答记者问

通胀像老虎放出来很难关进去

Inflation is like a tiger; once it gets free, it is difficult to put it back in the cage

召远在修近，闭祸在除怨

"To win distant friends, one needs, first of all, to have good relations with his neighbors. To avoid adversity, one needs to ease animosity."

沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春

A thousand sails pass by the wrecked ship; ten thousand saplings shoot up beyond the withered tree.

水能载舟，亦能覆舟

"while water can carry a boat, it can also overturn it."

今年花儿红，明年花更好

The red bauhinia is beautiful this year, and it will be even more beautiful next year

名为治平无事，而其实有不测之忧

A country that appears peaceful and stable may encounter unexpected crises

―政如农工，日夜思之，思其始而成其终。‖

I do my job as diligently as a farmer attends to his field. I have it on my mind day and night. I work for a thorough plannin g from the start. And I‘m determined to carry it through to a successful end.

―国之命，在人心。‖

The hearts of the people are the life of the country.

2010年答记者问

1. 几百年来，这幅画辗转流失，但现在我知道，一半放在杭州博物馆，一半放在台湾故宫博物院，我希望两幅画什么时候能合成一幅画。画是如此，人何以堪。（《世说新语?言语》）

I cherish the same wish not only for the painting but also for people on both sides of the Strait.

2. 我们应该记住这样一条古训：行百里者半九十。（《战国策·秦策五》）

Half of the people who have embarked on a one hundred mile journey may fall by the wayside.

3. 我深深爱着我的国家，没有一片土地让我这样深情和激动，没有一条河流让我这样沉思和起伏。亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其尤未悔。我将以此明志，做好今后三年的工作。（《离骚》）

For the ideal that I hold dear to my heart, I will not regret thousand depth to die.

4. 同时我们要坚定信心，华山再高，顶有过路。

No matter how high the mountain is, one can always ascend to its top.

5. 中国有一句古语：人或加讪，心无疵兮。（《子刘子自传》）

My conscience stays untainted in spite of rumors and slanders from the outside.

6. 我知道商签协议是一个复杂的过程，但是正因为我们是兄弟，兄弟虽有小忿，不废懿亲，问题总会可以解决的。（《左传》）

I understand the negotiation may be a complex process, but differences between brothers cannot sever their blood ties, and I believe that problems will eventually be solved.

2009年答记者问

―莫道今年春将尽，明年春色倍还人。‖（杜审言《春日京中有怀》）

两会翻译：Do not regret that spring is departing ,come next year as it will be twice as in chanting

Don't be regret for the end of this Spring, the next Spring will be much more beautiful.

——谈应对金融危机

―乞火不若取燧，寄汲不若凿井。‖（《淮南子·览冥训》）

We would better fetch a flint than beg for light；we would better dig a well ourselves than beg for water from others. ——答人民日报记者关于如何应对金融危机的提问

―山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村‖

After encountering all kinds of difficulties and experiencing all kinds of hardships, at the end of the day we will see light at the end of tunnel.

----中国经济的复苏

2008年答记者问

―天变不足畏，祖宗不足法，人言不足恤。‖（《宋史·王安石列传》）

One should not fear changes under the heaven and one should not blindly follow old conventions and one should not be deterred by complaints of others.

——温家宝谈政治体制改革

―民之所忧，我之所思；民之所思，我之所行‖。（《孟子·梁惠王下》）

What people are concerned about preoccupies my mind, and what preoccupies people‘s mind is what I need to address.——答人民日报记者关于网民提问总理的看法

―一心中国梦、万古下泉诗‖，―度尽劫波兄弟在，相逢一笑泯恩仇‖。（郑思肖《德祐二年岁旦》，鲁迅《题三义塔》）

We have always longed to see a reunified China, as this is reflected in the old ode Xiaquan shared by all our people in this country.

We remain brothers after all the vicissitudes, let's forgo our old grudges when smiling we meet again.

——答台湾工商时报记者关于两岸经贸合作

―周虽旧邦，其命惟新，如将不尽，与古为新。‖（《诗经·大雅·文王》、《诗品·纤秾》）

Although Zhou was an ancient state, it had a reform mission; only innovation could ensure the growth and vitality of a nation.

——答新华社记者关于解放思想对于经济、社会发展有什么现实针对性问题

2007年温家宝总理答中外记者问

中日两国关系：―召远在修近，闭祸在除怨。‖其中，―召远在修近，闭祸在除怨‖出自《管子·版法》。

To win distantfriends, one needs, first of all, to have good relations with hisneighbors. To avoid adversity, one needs to ease animosity.

民生问题：―去问开化的大地，去问解冻的河流。‖这句诗出自我国著名诗人艾青的诗作《窗外的争吵》。

Go and ask thethawing land, go and ask the thawing river.

海峡两岸关：―沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。‖这句诗出自刘禹锡的《酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠》。Athousand sails pass by the wrecked ship; ten thousand saplings shoot up beyond the withered tree.

2006年温家宝总理答中外记者

当前形势：形势稍好，尤须兢慎。危则安，思所以乱则治，思所以亡则存。

We need to be cautious and prudent, especially when things are improving. To think about where danger looms will ensure our security; to think about why chaos occurs will ensure our peace; and to think about why a country falls will ensure our survival.

两岸关系：得道者多助，失道者寡助。

A just cause enjoys abundant support, while an unjust one finds little support.

2005年温家宝总理答中外记者

面前的路：形势稍好，尤需兢慎。居安思危，思则有备，有备无患。

We must be mindful of potential problems and get fully prepared for the worst. We must be sober-mined, cautious, prudent especially when the situation is getting a little better.

台湾问题：一尺布尚可缝，一斗粟尚可舂，同胞兄弟何不容？

Even a foot of cloth can be stitched up; even a kilo of millet can be ground. How can two blood brothers not make up? 宏观调控：行百里者半九十。

If a journey is 100 miles, travelling 90 is half of it.

2004年温家宝总理答中外记者

今后工作：雄关漫道真如铁，而今迈步从头越；路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。

The strong pass of the enemy is like a wall of iron, yet with firm strides, we are conquering its summit.

My way ahead is long; I see no ending; yet high and low I'll search with my will unbending.

存在困难：安不忘危，治不忘乱。

In security, we should never forget the dangers and in times of peace, we should always beware of the potential for chaos. 2003年

―生于忧患，死于安乐。要居安思危，有备无患。‖

One prospers in worries and hardship, and perishes in ease and comfort. We will have to be beware of possible adversities and be prepared for the worst.

―苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之。‖

I will do whatever it takes to serve my country even at the cost of my own life, regardless of fortune or misfortune to myself.

其它温总理的语录汉译英：

一个领导者应该把眼睛盯住前方，把握现在，思考未来。

As a leader，his eyes should be on the way ahead，his energy should be focused on the present and at the same time and he should be thinking of the future.

天变不足畏，祖宗不足法，人言不足恤。

One should not fear changes under the heaven and one should not blindly follow old conventions and one should not be deterred by complaints of others.

苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之。

One should uphold his country‘s interest with his life，he should not do things just to pursue his personal gains and he should not be evade responsibilities for fear of personal loss.

假如我们的国家有比黄金还要珍贵的诚信、有比大海还要宽广的包容、有比爱自己还要宽广的博爱、有比高山还要崇高的道德，那么我们这个国家就是一个具有精神文明和道德力量的国家。

If China can have a level of credibility and integrity that is more precious than gold，if China can be more receptive and inclusive than the ocean，if China can have fraternity rather than love for oneself，and if China can have an ethical standard higher than the mountains，I believe this country will have the moral strength and also will become a country with advanced cultural development.

民之所忧，我之所思；民之所思，我之所行。

What people are concerned about preoccupies my mind，and what preoccupies people‘s mind is what I need to address.为了国家的富强，为了社会的公平正义，为了让人们幸福快乐地过得更好，为了让孩子们上好学，为了使我们的民族在世界赢得应有的尊严，我愿献出我的全部心血和精力。

To ensure this country to become stronger and more prosperous，to build a society of equity and justice，to ensure the people live a happy life，our children can go to school and our nation is duly respected in the international community，Is money to serve people‘s needs

我相信13亿人民微笑着面对世界，全世界人民也会微笑着对待中国。

I have confidence that the smiles of 1.3 billion people in front of the world will be reciprocated by the smiles of the people from all over the world.

诗经汉译英赏析之葛覃GE TAN(中英对照)

葛之覃兮、施于中谷。

How the dolichos spread itself out , Extending to the middle of the valley !

維葉萋萋、黃鳥于飛。

Its leaves were luxuriant ;

The yellow birds flew about ,

集于灌木、其鳴喈喈。

And collected on the thickly growing trees , Their pleasant notes resounding far .

葛之覃兮、施于中谷。

How the dolichos spread itself out , Extending to the middle of the valley !

維葉莫莫、是刈是濩。

Its leaves were luxuriant and dense .

I cut it and I boiled it , 為絺為綌、服之無斁。

And made both fine cloth and coarse ,

Which I will wear without getting tired of it .

言告師氏、言告言歸。

I have told the matron ,

Who will announce that I am going to see my parents . 薄污我私、薄澣我衣。

I will wash my private clothes clean ,

And I will rinse my robes .

害澣害否、歸寧父母。

Which need to be rinsed , which do not ?

I am going back to visit my parents.

元宵节诗词汉译英赏析：青玉案元夕（宋）辛弃疾许渊冲等翻译

辛弃疾的《青玉案。元夕》一词脍炙人口。英文翻译有很多。最著名的非许渊冲老先生翻译的版本莫属了。许渊冲----诗译英法唯一人，北京大学教授，翻译家。在国内外出版中、英、法文著译六十本，包括《诗经》、《楚辞》、《李白诗选》、《西厢记》、《红与黑》、《包法利夫人》、《追忆似水年华》等中外名著，是有史以来将中国历代诗词译成英、法韵文的唯一专家。1999年被提名为诺贝尔文学奖候选人。

《青玉案元夕》

（宋）辛弃疾

东风夜放花千树，更吹落，星如雨。

宝马雕车香满路，凤萧声动，壶光转，一夜鱼龙舞。

蛾儿雪柳黄金缕，笑语盈盈暗香去。

众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在，火阑珊处

―上元‖，―元夕‖，指的都是―元宵节‖。辛弃疾的这首《青玉案》，描绘了在元夕灯火中等寻情人的情景，是稼轩

词中为数很少的涉及爱情的作品之一。

辛弃疾的《青玉案。元夕》一词脍炙人口。英文翻译有很多。那一篇翻译得最好？以下是三篇比较好的。简单地评论一下，看看是否能找出其中最好的一篇。本人才疏学浅，请多包涵。如果各位有更好的，请贴出来，给大家

欣赏，开开眼界。

三篇译文，都比其它我看过的译文简洁，流畅，有诗意，而且比较忠实于辛公原作。音韵上，三篇中许译和U 译都押韵，念起来很有音乐感。陶译基本上不押韵，念起来比较平淡。

文字上，各有千秋。例如雕车一词，许译直接用雕车（carved cabs），U译用香车（scented chariots），陶译用华车，装饰华丽的车(ornate carriages ) 。这一词，许译比较忠实于原来文字。宝马的马字，许译和U译用英语诗中常用的马字（steeds），比较好。而陶译则用普通的马字（horses）。

凤箫一词，U译用（Phoenix-cooing flutes）最好，有凤之形和凤之声。Cooing 是鸟类的鸪鸪声，也可以是人类的喁喁情话。想像一下，凤箫声动，发出如鸟鸣，如情话之声，多么美。许译只简单地用箫（flute）一字，没有译凤字。陶译则用神奇的箫（magic flute）代替,也没有用凤字。

玉壶一词，U译和陶译都是译成玉壶（jade pot, jade urn）。比较符合原作之意。许译成月亮，虽然有此一说，但是与原作之意不甚贴切。因为据周密《武林旧事。元夕》：―灯之品极多，。。福州所进，则纯用白玉，晃耀夺目，如清水玉壶。。。‖。所以玉壶应该就是白玉雕饰的灯。

暗香一词，U译成浮香（fragrance floating），说出香的形态而没有说是微淡的香。陶译成幽香（subtle perfume）, 许译成缕香（trials of scents）都很好。但是，如果根据林和靖咏梅诗：―疏影横斜水清浅，暗香浮动月黄昏。‖则暗香的形态可以是浮动的。因此，如果U译加一字，改成暗香浮动（faint fragrance floating），就贴切了。

―暗香去‖的去字，U译和陶译用过去（passing, gone）不及许译用融入（melts into）好。

―蓦然回首‖一词中的蓦然，陶译比较简单，只用偶然（perchance ）一字，U译用匆匆一瞥（only on a glance），两者都未能表达出蓦然一词中有突然的意思。许译成突然（when all at once）, 最贴切了。

由上可见，诗词的英文翻译要做到简洁，流畅，有韵律，有诗意，贴切，忠实于原作，并不容易。以上三篇，各有千秋，实在无法选出最好的一篇。

The Lantern Festival Night - to the tune of Green Jade Table

by Xin Qiji

（1）许渊冲、许明译，简称许译

One night's east wind adorns a thousand trees with flowers

And blows down stars in showers.

Fine steeds and carved cabs spread fragrance en route; Music vibrates from the flute;

The moon sheds its full light

While fish and dragon lanterns dance all night.

In gold-thread dress, with moth or willow ornaments, Giggling, she melts into the throng with trails of scents But in the crowd once and again

I look for her in vain.

When all at once I turn my head,

I find her there where lantern light is dimly shed. （2）译者U君，简称U译

The east wind at night has flowered a thousand trees, Bringing showers of glowing stars down streets, Fleeting our scented chariots and stately steeds. Phoenix-cooing flutes resounding,

Jade-pot-flashing lanterns revolving,

Dolphins and dragons are dancing away--

All night long i t‘s bright as day.

See the grain moths silvern, the tassels golden?

See the snow-clad willow twigs of the maidens Passing with laughter gurgling, fragrance floating?

Far and near, among the crowds surging,

Tens of thousands of rounds for one I‘ve been sear ching;

Only on a glance cast backward do I behold: There she is, where lights are burning so low! （3）温哥华陶先生译，简称陶译

night lights a thousand trees in bloom

a shower of stars blown

by the east wind

ornate carriages drawn by gallant horses filled the boulevards with a sweet fragrance voice of the magic flute flowing luster of the jade white urn turning

all night the fishes and the dragons danced butterflies, willows, charms of gold

gone -- that angelic laughter, that subtle perfume in the crowds for her I‘d sear ched a thousand times perchance I turned

and there she was

where lights were few and dim

欧阳修<蝶恋花>古诗词汉译英：庭院深深深几许英语译文by许渊冲

《蝶恋花》这是深闺佳人的伤春词。作者以含蕴的笔法描写了幽居深院的少妇伤春及怀人的复杂思绪和怨情。这首词以生动的形象、清浅的语言，含蓄委婉、深沉细腻地表现了闺中思妇复杂的内心感受，是闺怨词中传诵千古的名作。

欧阳修《蝶恋花》

庭院深深深几许？杨柳堆烟，帘幕无重数。玉勒雕鞍游冶处，楼高不见章台路。

雨横风狂三月暮，门掩黄昏，无计留春住。泪眼问花花不语，乱红飞过秋千去。

注：也有人考证这首词是五代南唐冯延已（己或巳）的作品，但与欧阳修时代较近的李清照认为这是欧九的作品（欧阳修排行第九）。

【翻译】

上片写浓雾弥漫的的早晨。女主人身处幽深的庭院，帘幕无重数，周围烟柳丛丛簇簇，孤独寂寞之情可以想见。她为何忧愁呢？是因为她猜想薄情郎这时又骑马到歌楼妓馆寻欢作乐去了。下片写狂风暴雨的黄昏。三月的暮春天气，风狂雨骤，又是黄昏时刻，女主人只得掩门独守空房，不禁发出惜春的哀叹，所惜的既是春光，也是她的青春年华。因花而有泪，因泪而问花，花不仅不语，反而纷纷飘落，不去理会她，还有意似的飘飞过秋千而去。人越伤心，花越恼人，语浅意深，自然浑成，耐人寻味。

《蝶恋花》英语翻译by许渊冲

TUNE：BUTTERFLIES LINGERING OVER FLOWERS

Deep,deep the courtyard where he is,so deep

It‘s veiled by smokelike willows heap on heap,

By curtain on courtain and screen on screen.

Leaving his saddle and bridle,there he has been

Merrymaking.From my tower his trace can‘t be seen.

The third moon now,the wind and rain are raging late;

At dusk I bar the gate,

But I can‘t bar in spring.

My tearful eyes ask flowers,but they fail to bring

An answer;I see red blossoms fly o‘er the swing.

许渊冲翻译的第一句有问题，这也可以看出许先生的国学水平的确不高。

张籍《节妇吟》古诗汉译英：恨不相逢未嫁时英语译文by许渊冲

《节妇吟》这是一首具有双层面内涵的唐诗精品。在文字层面上，它描写了一位忠于丈夫的妻子，经过思想斗争后终于拒绝了一位多情男子的追求，守住了妇道；在喻义的层面上，它表达了作者忠于朝廷、不被藩镇高官拉拢、收买的决心。

《节妇吟》

张籍（唐）

君知妾有夫，赠妾双明珠。

感君缠绵意，系在红罗孺。

妾家高楼连苑起，良人执戟明光里。

知君用心如日月，事夫誓拟同生死。

还君明珠双泪垂，恨不相逢未嫁时。

【译文】

你明知我已经有了丈夫，还偏要送给我一对明珠。

我心中感激你情意缠绵，把明珠系在我红罗短衫。

我家的高楼就连著皇家的花园，我丈夫拿著长戟在皇宫里值班。

虽然知道你是真心朗朗无遮掩，我侍奉丈夫发誓要生死共患难。

归还你的双明珠我两眼泪涟涟，遗憾没有遇到你在我未嫁之前。

《节妇吟》英语版译者：许渊冲，来自《唐诗三百首》

Reply of a Chaste Wife

You know I love my husband best,

Yet send me two bright pears still.

I hang them within my red silk vest,

So grateful I‘m for your good will.

You see my house o‘erlooks the garden and

My husband guards the palace, halberd in hand.

I know your heart as noble as the sun in the skies,

But I have sworn to serve my husband all my life.

With your twin pears I send back

two tears from my eyes.

Why did we not meet before I was made a wife.

张籍《节妇吟》英语译文2 来自天涯hunter560

REPLY OF A CHASTE WIFE

君知妾有夫，Knowi ng clearly I‘ve got husband,

赠妾双明珠。Still twin pearls you sent to my hand.

感君缠绵意，Deeply touched by your love dear,

系在红罗襦。I kept them in my red silk wear.

妾家高楼连苑起，Where we live is a mansion mighty,

良人执戟明光里。While my man is guarding his majesty.

知君用心如日月，Bright as sun and moon your love to me,

事夫誓拟同生死。Faithful to my husband should I be.

还君明珠双泪垂，Returning the pearls with my tears running,

恨不相逢未嫁时！Why not met we before my wedding!

诗经情诗<桃夭>汉译英翻译赏析：桃之夭夭，灼灼其华

《桃夭》是一首简单朴实的歌，唱出了女子出嫁时对婚姻生活的希望和憧憬，用桃树的枝叶茂盛、果实累累来比喻婚姻生活的幸福美满。歌中没有浓墨重彩，没有夸张铺垫，平平淡淡。

桃夭（诗经·国风·周南）

桃之夭夭，灼灼其华。之子于归，宜其室家。

桃之夭夭，有蕡其实。之子于归，宜其家室。

桃之夭夭，其叶蓁蓁。之子于归，宜其家人。

【译文】

桃树含苞满枝头，花开灿烂如红霞。姑娘就要出嫁了，夫妻和睦是一家。桃树含苞满枝头，果实累累坠树丫。姑娘就要出嫁了，夫妻和睦是一家。桃树含苞满枝头，桃叶茂密色葱绿。姑娘就要出嫁了，夫妻和睦是一家。【英语翻译】

The peach tree is young and elegant ; Brilliant are its flowers .

This young lady is going to her future home , And will order well her chamber and house . The peach tree is young and elegant ; Abundant will be its fruits .

This young lady is going to her future home , And will order well her chamber and house . The peach tree is young and elegant ; Luxuriant are its leaves .

This young lady is going to her future home , And will order well her family .

古诗词的英译版本，一般只能翻译出诗歌原本的意思，很难翻出韵律和美感。

诗经经典情诗<关雎>汉译英英语翻译赏析：窈窕淑女，君子好逑

《关雎》出自《诗经?国风?周南》，是《诗经》的首篇，它是反映一个青年对一位容貌美丽的姑娘的爱慕和追求，写他求而不得的痛苦和想象求而得之的喜悦。它是我国爱情诗之祖。不仅反映的是令人喜闻乐见的爱情题材，还具有独到的艺术特色。

关雎

关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。

参差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。

求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。

参差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。

参差荇菜，左右芼之。窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之。

【译文】

关关鸣叫的水鸟，栖居在河中沙洲。

善良美丽的姑娘,好男儿的好配偶。

长短不齐的荇菜,在船左右两旁捞。

善良美丽的姑娘，醒来做梦都想她。

思念追求不可得，醒来做梦长相思。

悠悠思念情意切，翻来覆去难入眠。

长短不齐的荇菜，姑娘左右去摘采。

善良美丽的姑娘，弹琴鼓瑟亲近她。

长短不齐的荇菜，姑娘左右去摘取。

善良美丽的姑娘，敲钟击鼓取悦她。

【英语翻译赏析】

Guan-guan go the ospreys ,

On the islet in the river .

The modest , retiring , virtuous , young lady : --

For our prince a good mate she .

Here long , there short , is the duckweed ,

To the left , to the right , borne about by the current .

The modest , retiring , virtuous , young lady : --

Waking and sleeping , he sought her .

He sought her and found her not ,

And waking and sleeping he thought about her .

Long he thought ; oh ! long and anxiously ;

On his side , on his back , he turned , and back again .

Here long , there short , is the duckweed ;

On the left , on the right , we gather it .

The modest , retiring , virtuous , young lady : --

With lutes , small and large , let us give her friendly welcome .

Here long , there short , is the duckweed ;

On the left , on the right , we cook and present it .

The modest , retiring , virtuous , young lady : --

With bells and drums let us show our delight in her .

诗经《关雎》英文翻译版2

GUAN! GUAN! CRY THE FISH HAWKS

Guan! Guan! Cry the fish hawks

on sandbars in the river:

a mild-mannered good girl,

fine match for the gentleman.

A ragged fringe is the floating-heart,

left and right we trail it:

that mild-mannered good girl,

awake, asleep, I search for her.