07-13年职称英语理工B级历年真题及答案-A4打印
第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 Marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer.
A hoped
B answered
C admitted
D reported
2 We need to extract the relevant financial data.
A store
B save
C review
D obtain
3 Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.
A held
B increased
C expected
D offered
4 The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.
A choice
B idea
C decision
D reason
5 The high-speed trains can have major impact on our lives
A effort
B problem
C influence
D concern
6 His shoes were shined to perfection.
A cleared
B washed
C mended
D polished
7 We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.
A offered
B included
C investigated
D accepted
8 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.
A continuous
B relative
C general
D sharp
9 Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.
A saying
B doubting
C thinking
D knowing
10 We have to act within the existing legal framework.
A limit
B system
C procedure
D status
11 She always finds fault with everything.
A simplifies
B evaluates
C examines
D criticizes
12 The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.
A magnificent
B general
C traditional
D strong
13 At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.
A give
B understand
C attach
D lose
14 They converted the spare bedroom into an office.
A reduced
B moved
C turned
D reformed
15 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.
A spend
B take
C last
D stand
第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.
Lakes, Too, Feel Global Warming
There's no doubt: In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it's been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming - and trying to figure out what to do about it.
Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world, and they found that lakes are heating up.Between 1985 and 2009, satellites recordedthe nighttime temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer - by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.
In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, in just 10 years. That difference may seem small - you might not even notice it in your bathtub. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae, and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.
The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how the Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming.The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.
That's going to be useful, since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change. Scientists aren't the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by therapidwarming of the planet.Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse gases we put into the air.
That's why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world.
16 Scientist have been keeping records of lake temperatures for over 30 years.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
17 The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 and 2009.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
18 Lakes seem to be warming faster in Asia.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
19 A slight temperature increase in a lake could be harmful to fish.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
20 Scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
21 Globle warming is less threatening to small countries.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
22 UNFCCC's annual meeting will be held in Mexico this year.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
The IPad
1 The IPad is a tablet computer (平板电脑) designed and developed by Apple. It is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as books, periodicals (期刊), movies, music, and games, as well as web content. At about 1.5 pounds (680 grams), its size and weight are between those of most contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. Apple released the IPad in April 2010, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days.
2 The IPad runs the same operating system as IPod Touch and IPhone. It can run its own applications as well as ones developed for IPhone. Without modification, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store.
3 Like IPhone and iPod Touch, the IPad is controlled by a multitouch display-a break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressure-triggered stylus (触控笔). The IPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse (浏览) the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can
connect to GSM 3G data networks. The devices is managed and synchronized (同步) by ITunes on a personal computer via USB cable.
4 An IPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of IPad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options. One of the most common uses is for e-mail services. IPand applications like Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts.
5 While the IPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. Some companies are adopting IPads in their business offices by distributing or making available IPads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests. A survey by Frost Sullivan shows that IPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employees productivity, reduced paperwork, and increased revenue.
23、Paragraph 2
24、Paragraph 3
25、Paragraph 4
26、Paragraph 5
A Online stores
B Differences from IPhone
C Display and data connection
D Business usage
E Features and applications
F Operating system
27 In April 2010 the IPad developed by Apple was .
28 The IPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not .
29 IPad applications enable the owner's email accounts to be .
30 IPad usage in offices enables employee productivity to be .
A modified
B increased
C personalized
D browsed
E distributed
F released
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个最佳答案。
第一篇
Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?
Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication-having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (扫描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.
As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often
31 People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that
A they're popular
B they're useful
C they're convenient
D they're cheap
32 The world "detected" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by
A cured
B removed
C discovered
D caused
33 The salesman retired young because
A he couldn't remember simple tasks
B he disliked using mobile phones
C he was tired of talking on his mobile phone
D his employer's doctor persuaded him to
34 On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies
A hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about
B deny the existence of mobile phone radiation
C develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation
D try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health
35 The writer's purpose of writing this article is to advise people
A to buy mobile phones
B to use mobile phones less often
C to update regular phones
D to stop using mobile phones
第二篇
The book of life
So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species（物种）, and that's a just a small part of what probably exists on Earth. With so many plants, animals, and other creatures coveting the planet, it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.
A soon-to-be-started Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the creation of
Web-based Encyclopedia（百科全书）of life(EOL). The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a single, easy-to-use reference guide.
To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from scientific databases（数据库）that already exist. And eventually, in special sections of the site, nonscientist with specialized（专门的）knowledge will get to join in. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input which birds they've seen and where. The technology for this kind of tool has only become available.
As the EOL develops, you might find it useful for school projects. The site will feature special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems (生态系统) in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate, scientists will review much of the information added to it. People who visit the site will be able to choose to leave out pages that haven't been reviewed.
Another convenient feature of the EOL is that you'll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interest, age, and knowledge. If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report, for example, you could use the "novice" setting to get basic information about the animals. On the "expert" setting, on the other hand, you could get much more detailed information about the history, literature, and exploration of bears.
It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species. The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed up that process.
36 "Spider" and "bird" mentioned in Paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate
A there are numerous living species on Earth.
B animals are people's friends.
C it is easy to see spiders and birds.
D there are many types of spiders and birds.
37 The goal of the creation of the EOL is to
A collect enough data to analyze the living sepecies on Earth.
B enlarge an existing Web site of the living sepecies on Earth.
C add new information to the existing databases of the living species on Earth.
D work out an easy-to-use catalog of every living species on Earth.
38 At the starting stage, the EOL will get information from
A all the Web sites available.
B databases built up by its creators.
C the existing scientific databases.
D nonscientists with specialized knowledge.
39 The word "novice" in Paragraph 5 could be best replaced by
A scientist.
B creator.
C beginner
D expert.
40 Which of the following statement is NOT true？
A scientist will review every piece of information added to EOL
B The EOL will be beneficial to school kids with its development.
C Scientists have cataloged only a small part of the living species on Earth.
D People with different interests and knowledge will in a way find the EOL useful.
第三篇
Longer Lives for Wild Elephants
Most people think of zoos as safe places for animals, where struggles such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators (猛兽) don't exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should live to a ripe (成熟的) old age1.
But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. They develop diseases, joint problems and behavior changes. Sometimes, they even become infertile, or unable to have babies.
To learn more about how captivity (圈养) affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for me researchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born elephants with the life spans of thousands of female wild elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps(伐木场),over approximately the same time period.
The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years-more than three times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they lived 18.9 years, while those in the logging camps lived 41.7 years.
Scientists don't yet know why wild elephants seem to fare so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress and obesity (肥胖症) may be to blame. Zoo elephants don't get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild, and most are very fat. Elephant social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family groups.
The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce (生殖) successfully and maintain healthy populations, that doesn't appear to be the case with elephants.
41 Unlike other animals in zoos, zoo-raised elephants
A live a long life
B give birth to many babies
C develop poor health
D have difficulty getting food
42 Which of the following about the international scientists' study is NOT true?
A They compared zoo elephants with wild elephants.
B They analyzed the records of the elephants kept in zoos.
C The zoo-born elephants they studied are kept in European zoos.
D They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care.
43 It was found that, compared with female wild elephants, female zoo-born elephants
A lived longer.
B grew up faster.
C died much earlier.
D enjoyed the same life spans.
44 One of the possible reasons for the Zoo-raised elephants' problems is that
A they do not get enough exercise.
B they do too much exercise.
C they live in large herds.
D they do not live in family groups.
45 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
A Zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully.
B Zoos should keep more animals except elephants.
C It may not be a wise policy to keep elephants in the zoo.
D Elephants are no longer an endangered species.
第5部分：补全短文（第46-50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白；短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Flying into History
When you turn on the television or read a magazine, celebrities (名人) are everywhere. Although fame and the media play such major roles in our lives today, it has not always been that way. ____ (46) Many historians agree that Charles Lindbergh was one of the first major celebrities, or superstars.
Lindbergh was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1902, but he grew up in Little Falls, Minnesota. As a child, he was very interested in how things worked, so when he reached college, he pursued a degree in engineering. At the age of 20, however, the allure(诱惑) of flying captured Lindbergh's imagination. ____ (47) Soon after, Lindbergh bought his own plane and traveled across the nation performing aerial stunts(空中特技).
In 1924, Lindbergh became more serious about flying. He joined the United States military and graduated first in his pilot class. ____(48)
During the same time, a wealthy hotel owner named Raymond Orteig was offering a generous award to the first pilot who could fly nonstop from New York City to Paris, France. The Orteig Prize was worth $25, OOO - a large amount even by today's standards.
Lindbergh knew he had the skills to complete the flight, but not just any plane was capable of flying that far for that long. ____ (49)
On May 20, 1927, Charles Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Field in New York City and arrived the next day at an airstrip (简易机场) outside Paris. Named in honor of the sponsor, The Spirit of St. Louis carried Lindbergh across the Atlantic Ocean and into the record books. He became a national hero and a huge celebrity.
When he returned to the United States, Lindbergh rode in a ticker-tape (热烈的) parade held to celebrate his accomplishment. was even named for Charles Lindbergh-the kept at the Smithsonian Institute's National Air ____ (50) A very popular dance Lindy Hop. Today, The Spirit of St. Louis is and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.
A Eighty years' ago, radio and movies were just beginning to have that kind of effect on Americans.
B Working with an aviation company from San Diego, California, and with financial help from the city of St. Louis, Lindbergh got a customized (定制的) airplane that could make the journey.
C He also received a Medal of Honor, the highest United States military decoration.
D He quit school and moved to Nebraska where he-learned to be a pilot.
E His childhood was not full of fond memories.
F Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot, flying out of St Louis, Missouri.
第6部分：完形填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate" against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto1 and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually (51) depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived (52) benefits of smoking among teens," says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto." (53) cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to improve mood, in the long 54 we found that teens who started to smoke reported5 higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study，some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to (55) mood．Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools 56 in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods6．
Participants were divided into three (57): never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical (58); smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had (59) going to sleep or staying asleep; felt unhappy，sad. or depressed; felt hopeless about the future；felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things.
"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood (60) had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms (61)teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer 0'Loughlin，a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social
and Preventive Medicine．"0ur study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are (62) higher risk of depressive symptoms."
The (63) between depression and smoking exists (64) among teens that use cigarettes to feel better." It's (65) to emphasize that depressive symptom scores8 were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr. Chaiton．
51．A diagnose B increase C examine D treat
52．A financial B material C emotional D political
53．A Whatever B Although C Since D If
54．A road B term C journey D distance
55．A affect B judge C lead D study
56．A located B moved C exposed D mixed
57．A groups B sets C species D versions
58．A beauty B state C world D activity
59．A time B courage C trouble D energy
60．A tellers B improvers C creators D designers
61．A not B than C but D that
62．A at B in C about D without
63．A association B cooperation C difference D agreement
64．A probably B principally C occasionally D scarcely
65．A important B meaningless C illogical D friendly
2011年全国职称英语考试真题答案理工类（B级）
第1 部分：词汇选项
1 A confess 这个动词是"坦白、交代、承认"的意思，admit 也是"承认"的意思，两个词后面都可以跟用that 引导的宾语从句，在这个句子里可以换用
2 D extract 作动词用是"获得、获取"的意思，在四个选项中只有obtain 具有这样的意义，又如: extract help, extract satisfaction, extract information 等。
3 B accelerate 这个动词原意是"加速"，如: The trains have been accelerated. 火车提速了；The steps to implement the plan are being accelerated. 执行该计划的步伐正在加速。在本句中accelerate his sale of shares（加速出售他的股票），无疑就是增加出售他的股票的意思，故选increased。
4 D motive 是"动机" 的意思，the motive for (doing) something即为"做某事的动机"，reason 是"理由"，the motive for the murder 和the reason for the murder 是同一意思。
5 C impact 和influence 是同义词，也解释"影响"，又如: the impact of modern technology on interpersonal relationships 现代技术对人际关系带来的影响。
6 D shine 这个动词通常用于表示"发亮、发光"的意思，如: The sun is shining。但是如果和皮鞋一起用，那就是"擦皮鞋、把皮鞋擦亮"的意思了。本句的意思是：他的皮鞋擦得一尘不染。polish 具有"把……擦亮、磨光"的意思，clear 和shoes 一起用的话便是"把鞋子移开"的意思了. wash 则是用水洗，mend 是修补的意思。
7 C exp]ore 是"探索、探险、摸索"的意思。investigate 除了常用的"调查"这层意思外，也具有"探索"这样的意义。本句的意思是：在会议上我们探索了扩充的可能性。
8 A steady 是"稳定的"意思，a steady decline 则是"稳步下降"，在这个上下文中可以用continuous 来代替它，即"不断下降"。sharp decline 则足"急剧下降"。
9 A remark 这个动词就是"说"的意思，所以这里就用saying 来代替它。
10 B framework 就是我们现在常常说的"框架"，within the existing legal framework指在现有的法律框架内。所谓法律框架实际上就是指法律体系，所以选system。limit 是限制，procedure 是程序, status 是地位。
11 D find fault with something/someone 是个固定的表达式，意为"找在、吹毛求疵"，所以和criticize（批评）
基本同义。
12 A spectacular 这个形容同常用来描述场面、景观等，意思是"壮观的、壮丽的、华丽的"等。在四个选项中只有magnificent 具有这样的意思。
13 B grasp 这个动词是"抓住"的意思，可用于具体的事物，如：grasp the rope/my hand 抓住绳索/抓住我的手，也可以用于抽象的概念，如: grasp the main idea/his meaning 抓住要点/理解他的意思。在本句中grasp the significance of what had happened 就相当于understand the significance of what had happened。
14 C convert 的意思是"改变、转化"。turn 则是具有同样意义的一个更为常用的单词，两者后由都跟into 来表示"变为……"。又如：Solar energy has been successfully converted/ turned into mechanical energy. 太阳能被成功地转化成机械能。The priest converted/turned him from Buddhist into a Christian. 那神父把他从一个佛教徒变成了个基督徒。reduce 减少，reform 改造。
15 D tolerate但是"忍受"的意思，如：tolerate the heat 忍受酷热，tolerate the loneliness 忍受孤独，tolerate the humiliation 忍受屈辱。和它同义的词常用的有bear ，endure 和stand。
第2 部分：阅读判断
16 B 文中第二段提到科学家在1985 到2009年的24年间不断地测量湖泊的夜间温度。然而，题干认为科学家对湖泊温度的测量超过30 年，与文章本意不符。
17 B 文中第二段最后两句话提到科学家连续24年测量了世界上167个湖泊的夜间温度。测量的结果是这些湖泊的温度每年增长0.045 度。题干中认为的"世界的湖泊温度大幅增长"的表达不符合文章本意。
18 C 文章第三段第一句话只提到了有些地方湖泊的温度增长可以每年达到O. 1 摄氏度，但并没有说是亚洲湖泊，因此本题的答案应是选项C，"没有提及"。
19 A 文章第三段最后一句话提到"一个湖泊水温的轻微升高都会导致水藻增多，并且水藻使得湖泊有毒而不适合鱼类生存"，因此本文题干表达的意思符合文章本意，选择答案A。
20 A 文章第四段第二句话提到"科学家经常使用对空气温度的测量值来研究地球变暖的情况"，因此题干表达的意思与文章本意相符。答案为A。
21 B 文章第五段第一句话提到"世界上没有哪个国家会很大或很小以至于不用关注气候的变化"，因此，题干中提到的"一些小国家受到气候变暖的威胁比较小"与文章本意不符。答案为B。
22 C 文章最后一段提到了"联合国气候变化框架公约"的年会，但是没有提到今年的会议在墨西哥举行，所以题干中提到的信息在文中没有显示。答案为C。
第3 部分：概括大意与完成句子
23 F 本段的主题句为"The iPad runs the same operating system as iPod Touch and iPhone" ，意为"iPad 使用与iPod Touch 和iPhone 一样的操作系统"。本段也主要讲述的是iPad 的操作系统。答案应为F。
24 C 本段第一句话"Like iPhone and iPod Touch ，the iPad is controlled by a multitouch display "，说明"与iPhone 和iPod Touch 一样，iPad 也是多点触控显示屏"。本段其他的句子是对数据链接的介绍。本句的大意应该为显示屏和链接，所以答案为F。
25 E 本段的主题句是"An iPad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things" ，可以看出本段要说明"iPad 有不同的特征和应用程序来使人们完成不同的有趣事情"。答案为E。
26 D 本段的主题句是"While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users" ，所以可以得知本段主要讲述的是iPad 不仅用于娱乐，而且也用于办公。答案为D。
27 F 第一段中最后一句话是..Apple released the iPad in April 2010，and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days" ，表达的意思是"苹果公司在2010年4月推出了iPad，并在80天内卖出了3 百万台"。答案为F。
28 A 第二段最后一句话"Without modification，it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store" ，说明"如果没有改装，iPad 只能运行由苹果公司提供的并经由其网上商店推出的程序"。答案应为A。
29 C 第四段最后一句话..They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts" 显示"iPad 可以使他们的邮件账户个性化"。答案为F。
30 B 第五段最后一句话"A survey by Frost Sullivan shows that iPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employee productivity，reduced paperwork, and increased revenue"，显示"工作场所使用iPad 使得员工的工作效率提高，减少了文书工作，并且增加了收益"。答案为B。
第4 部分：阅读理解
31 D 第一段里讲到了人们拥有手机的几种理由，其中不包括手机便宜( cheap) 这一条。
32 C detect意为"觉察、发现"，故可用discover。
33 A 第三段里把这名推销员年纪轻轻就要退休的原因讲得十分明白：a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks.
34 A 请见第四段里的这句话：Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation ，but they say the amount is too small to worry about.它们并不否认手机有辐射，但声称辐射量很小无需担心。
35 B 作者建议大家少用手机，这一点在最后一段里可以清楚地看到。
36 B 文章第一段主要讲述的是科学家只是将地球少数的生物物种命名了，还有很多物种没有命名。接着作者使用蜘蛛和鸟的例子说明此观点，以显示地球上生物种类的繁多。答案为B。
37 D 文章第二段最后一句"The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a single，easy-to-use reference guide" ，说明"这个项目的目的是提供一个单一的，易于使用的生物分类参考指南"。答案为D。
38 C 文章第三段第一句话"To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from scientific databases (数据库) that already exist"，说明"为了建立这个百科全书，创建者要使用现有的科学数据库"。答案为C。
39 C novice 的原意是"新手"，并且文中的意思也是"使用新手设置"来得到有关动物的基本信息。答案为C。选项A 意为"科学家"；选项B 意为"创建者"；选项D 意为"专家"。
40 A 文章第四段第三句话"To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate，scientists will review much of the information added to it"，说明"为了保证百科全书的准确性，科学家会复审其中大部分的信息"，而没有说是"全部的信息"。本题答案为A。文章在不同的段落提到了其余各选项。
41 C 第二段第二句话"Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health"，说明"生活在动物园的大象经常会有不良的健康状态"。答案为C。
42 D 第三段第二句话"Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death"，说明是动物园记录了有关大象生活的各个方面，而不是科学家做的，所以选项D 不符合文章本意。其余选项的内容在文中都有体现。
43 C 第四段中作者向读者讲述了野生雌大象存活的时间是生活在动物园的雌大象存活时间的三倍，所以答案为C。
44 D 第五段最后一句话"Social lives of elephants are a1so much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family groups"，说明"生活在动物园里的雌大象与野生雌大象不同之处是后者是群居并以家族的方式生活"。答案为D。
45 C 文章最后一段主要讲述大象不适宜动物园的生活，尤其是最后一句话"that doesn't appear to be the case with elephant"，说明"那不适宜大象的情况"。答案为C。
第5 部分：补金短文
46 A 第一段是文章的引言，说的是当今有了电视和杂志这样的媒体，名人到处可见，但是情况并非一向如此，80 年前收音机和电影才刚开始对美国人产生这样的效应，也就是才能向美国的公众介绍宣传Lindberg 使他成为名人。
47 D 这个空挡的前一句说的是Lindberg 在大学读工程学位，但是飞行吸引了他的想象；其后的一句则讲他自己买了飞机在各地表演空中特技，所以在中间自然应该填入他辍学并移居到Nebraska 去学习飞行这句话。
48 F 前一句说Lindberg 参牢，在飞行员班里第一个毕业，这样正好接上Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot，flying out of St. Louis，Missouri. 这句话。
49 B 前面一句讲了Lindberg 觉得要完成这次飞行自己的技术没有问题，但并非任何一架飞机都能飞这么远。所以下面就接上他找到了San Diego 的一家飞行器公司定做了一架飞机。
50 C 六个选项中只有这个选项是和他回到美国后得到的荣誉有关的。
第6 部分：完形填空
51 B 本题考察单词意思。选项A 为"诊断";选项B 为"增加";选项C 为"检查"; 选项D 为"对待、治疗"。从题意来看，本句要表达的意思是研究者发现吸烟会加重青少年的抑郁症状。答案为B。
52 C 四个选项的意思分别为: A为"金融的，财政的";B 为"物质的，材料的";C 为"感情的，情感的";D 为"政治的"。从句意来看，本句表达了"这是为数不多的质疑青少年情感受益于吸烟的观点的研究"。答案选择C。
53 B 全句的意思是"尽管香烟可能看起来能有自我治疗的作用，或者可以改善情绪,但从长远来看，我们发
现那些从青少年就开始吸烟的人的抑郁症状更明显"。本题应该选择让步状语的连接词although。选项A 为"无论什么";选项C 为"自从";选项D 为"如果"。
54 B 参考上题句意解释。in the long term 意为"从长远来看"。其他选项与long 搭配，意思不符合题意。答案为D.
55 A 本句话的意思是"作为研究的一部分，662 名十几岁的高中生完成了有关他们利用香烟来影响其情绪的20 个问卷调查"。选项A为"影响";选项B 为"判断";选项C 为"引导";选项D 为"学习、研究"。从句意判断本题答案为A。
56 A 本句要表达的意思是"一些英、法学生混合的中学被选为研究对象，其中包括城市和乡村的学校，同时这些学校坐落在经济水平高、中、低不同的地区"，所以本题答案为A "坐落于"。选项B 为"移动、迁移";选项 C 为"展示、暴露";选项D 为"混合"。
57 A 本句话的意思是"参与者被分成了三个不同的组"。选项A 为"组、组群";选项B 为"套";选项C 为"种类"选项D 为"版本"。答案为A。
58 B 从句意"不用香烟来进行自我治疗、改善情绪或者身体状态的吸烟者"来看，本题答案应为B "状态"。选项A 为"美丽";选项C 为"世界";选项D 为"活动"，都不符合文章本意。
59 C 本句是要表述"研究者通过对受试者失眠情况的调查检测他们的抑郁状况"。选项A为"时间";选项B 为"勇气";选项C 为"麻烦";选项D 为"能量"。从句意判断，本题答案为C.
60 B 本句意为"那些使用香烟作为情绪改善者的吸烟者比那些从不吸烟的青少年要容易有抑郁症状"。选项
A 为"告知者";选项B为"改善者";选项C 为"创造者";选项D 为"设计者"。答案为B。
61 B 参考上题句意解释。本句中有比较的成分，选项B 符合题意。
62 A 本句中at the risk of 为一个词组，意为"有……风险"。答案为A。其余各选项不符合词组意思。
63 A 选项A 为"联合";选项B 为"合作";选项C 为"不同"; 选项D 为"一致"。从句意来看，本句意为"既抑郁又吸烟的人主要是那些用香烟来使自己感觉好点的青少年"。只有A 符合题意。
64 B 参考上题句意解释。选项B "主要地"符合题意。选项A 为"很可能";选项C 为"偶然地";选项D 为"几乎不、刚刚"，都不符合题意。
65 A 从句意来看，本句要表达的意思是"强调那些青少年认为自己的情绪因吸烟而好转，
但实际上其抑郁症状得分却较高这一事实是重要的"。选项A 为"重要的";选项 B 为"无意义的";选项C 为"不合法的";选项D 为"友好的"。只有A 符合题意。其他选项偏离本文的主题。
2010年职称英语理工类(B级)考试真题及答案
第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment．
A．anger B．doubt C．love D．surprise
2．The document was compiled by the Department of Health．
A．written B．printed C．attached D．sent
3．He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art．
A．sharing B．using C．denying D．developing
4．We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues．
A．clear B．regular C．quick D．great
5.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners．
A．polite B．similar C．usual D．bad
6.I want to provide my boys with a decent education．
A．good B．special C．private D．general
7．In the process，the light energy converts to heat energy．
A．changes B．reduces C．leaves D．drops
8．Many cities have restricted smoking in public places．
A．limited B．allowed C．stopped D．kept
9．What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?
A．retirement B．advertisement C．advancement D．replacement
10．If we leave now，we should miss the traffic．
A．direct B．stop C．mix D．avoid
11．There was a profound silence after his remark．
A．proud B．short C．sudden D．deep
12．I enjoyed the play it had a clever plot and funny dialogues．
A．long B．boring C．original D．humorous
13．The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village．
A．caught B．killed C．found D．jailed
14．Such a database would be extremely costly to set up．
A．transfer B．destroy C．establish D．update
15．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year．
A．combine B．sell C．close D．break
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
A Great Quake Coming?
Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the bay area and they can be devastating．In 1906，for example，a major quake destroyed about 28，000 buildings and killed hundreds，perhaps thousands of people．Residents now wonder when the next"Big One"will strike．It's bound to happen someday．At least seven active fault(断层)lines run through the San Francisco area．Faults are places where pieces of Earth's crust(地壳)slide past each other．When these pieces slip，the ground shakes．
To prepare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens．
One new finding about the 1906 earthquake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time．During small earthquakes，faults rupture(断裂)at about 2.7 kilometers per second．During bigger quakes，however，ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second．
At such high speeds．massive amounts of pressure build up，generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself．Lucky for San Francisco，these pressure pulses(脉冲)travel away from the city during the 1906 event．As bad as the damage was，it could have been far worse．
Looking ahead，scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur．Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906．Since then，the earthquake has been relatively quiet．Patterns in the data，however，suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent．New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes．Still，more than 84 per-cent of the city's buildings are old and weak．Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage．People who live there tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while．According to the new reseaych，however，it's not a matter of"if the Big One will hit"．It's just a matter of when．16．The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17．The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18．The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per second.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19．Earthquakes rarely happened before 1906．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20．San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21．Scientist will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22．A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable．
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；
(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Natural Gas
Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．It is a fossil fuel，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷).
The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as Dipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide．Today，natural gas service is available in all 50 states，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and indus-tries．More than 65 million American homes use natural gas．In fact，natural gas is the most eco-nomical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heat-ing homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healthcare，computing and fur-nishings．Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants.
Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available．It emits less pollution than other fossil fuels．dioxide(二氧化碳)and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans ex-hale．Compared with some other
fossil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide in-to the air when combusted(燃烧)-making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all．The industry also is subject to substantial federal regulation in the areas of production and distribution，which help ensure it is provided to consumers safely and cleanly．
The United States consumes about one-third of the world's natural gas output，making it the lar-gest gas consuming region in the world．The U．S．Department of Energy's Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.
There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface．The largest reserves of natu-ral gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East．LNG(液化天然气)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.To-day，the leading importers of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain.
23．Paragraph 2_______________
24．Paragraph 3_______________
25．Paragraph 4_______________
26．Paragraph 5_______________
A．Popularity and use of natural gas
B．Natural gas reserves and supply
C．Natural gas prices
D．Clean fuel of choice
E．Disadvantages of natural gas
F．Natural gas consumption
27．Natural gas is stored deep________.
28．Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source ________.
29．When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas ________.
30．It is estimated that by 2050 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase________.
A．over the past 50 years
B．beneath the earth surface
C．by more than 50 percent
D．for more than four decades
E．as a raw material
F．for home energy needs
第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Walking to Exercise the Brain
Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades?Think again．Getting some exercise may help，too．
New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn't exercise．
Previous research had shown that mice learn，remember，and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel．Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don't．Their brain cells also make more connections．
Neuroscientists from the University at Urbana-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people．First，they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults，ages 58 to 77，after each per-son walked 1 mile．Then，participants looked at arrows on a computer sczeen and had to use com-puter keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing．
Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task，and their answers were just as ac- curate as their less-fit peers,the researchers found．The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions．
In a second study，15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training course were fas-ter at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises for the same amount of time．考试大论坛So，even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days forjust 10 to 45 minutes can help．That should be good news for your grandparents．
The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven't been studied yet．Still，it can't hurt to take occasional study breaks and go for a walk or run around with your friends．You might even do better in school．Whatever you do，though，don't try to read and walk at the same time．You could end up hurting yourseff!
31．Walking regularly helps elderly people_______．
A．lose weight
B．become happier
C．concentrate better
D．look younger
32．After taking exercise for a few weeks，the mice were found to have_____．
A．higher blood pressure
B．faster heartbeat
C．more blood flow to the brain
D．better appearance
33．The first study on 41 elderly people found______．
A．the less-fit participants did arrow tasks faster
B．the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster
C．the less-fit participants gave more accurate answers
D．the fitter participants gave more accurate answers
34．It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 or 3 days for at least______．
A．3 minutes
B．45 minutes
C．30 minutes
D．10 minutes
35．It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should______．
A．run around once a week
B．not read and walk at the same time
C．go for a walk every day
D．not hurt their friends while exercising
第二篇
Night of the Living Ants
When an ant dies，other ants move the dead insect out of the nest．This behavior is interesting to scientists，who wonder how ants know for sure and so soon that another ant is dead．
Dong-Hwan Choe，a scientist at the University of California found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants．"I'm dead．take me away．"
But there's a twist to Choe's discovery．These ants ave a little bit like zombies(僵尸)．Choe says that the living ants，not just the dead ones，have this death chemicals．In other words．While an ant crawls around，perhaps in a picnic or home，it's telling other ants that it's dead．
What keeps ants from hauling away the liring dead?Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies，and these tell nearby ants something like，"Wait-I'm not dead yet，"So Choe's research turned up two sets of chemical signals in ants：one says，"I'm dead．"the other set says，"I'm not dead yet．"
Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead．If an ant is knocked unconscious，other ants leave it alone until it wakes up．That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive．Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies，the chemical that says"Wait-I'm not dead yet" quickly goes away.Once that chemical is gone，only the one that says"I'm dead"is left．"It's because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard(墓地)，not because its body releases new unique chemicals after death，"said Choe．When other ants detect the"dead"chemical without the"not dead yet"chemical，they haul away the body．This was choe's hypothesis(假设)．
To test his hypothesis，Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae(蛹). When the scientists used the"I'm dead"chemical，other ants quickly hauled tbe treated pupae away. When the scientists used the"Wait-I'm not dead yet"chemicals，other ants left the treated pupae alone.Choe believes this behavior shows that the"not dead yet"chemicals override(优先于) the"dead"chemical when picked up by adult ants．And that when an ant dies，the"not dead yet"chemicals fade away．Other nearby ants then detect the remaining"dead"chemical and remove the body from the nest．
36．What is meant by"death chemical"mentioned in paragraph 3?
A．A chemical that contains poison．
B．A chemical that causes death．
C．A chemical that announces death．
D．A chemical that prevents death．
37．Which of the following statements is NOT true of ants?
A．Ants know very soon that another ant is dead．
B．When an ant is dead，others move its body out of the nest．
C．If an ant is unconscious，it is moved out of the nest．
D．Living ants have the"I'm dead"chemical on their bodies．
38．According to Choe's hypothesis，___________.
A．an ant still smells like a living when it dies
B．the"I am dead"chemical leaves the ant's body when it dies
C．the"I am not dead yet"chemical is left when an ant dies
D．the"I am not dead yet"chemical leaves the ant's body when it dies
39．According to paragraph 7，what is the result of the test on Choe's hyothesis?
A．It shows that his hypothesis is wrong．
B．It proves that his hypothesis is convincing．
C．It suggests that his hypothesis needs revising．
D．Not enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis．
40．The passage"Night of the Living Ants"tells us about________.
A．how an ant is moved out of the nest at nigh
B．what an ant does at night
C．how an ant finds its way in darkness
D．what happens when an ant dies
第三篇
The Iceman
On a September day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and Italy．High up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm year．The mountain ice had melted more than just usual and so the body had come to the surface．
It was lying face downward．The skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition，except for a wound in the head．There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes．The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots．Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮)and a holder for arrows．
Who was the man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions．Some people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I．since several soldiers had already been found in the area．A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found．The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old．
With modern dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years old．Born in about 3300 B．C．，he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe．At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence．however，tells a different story．A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder．It left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleeding．He almost certainlv died from this wound，and not from the wound on the back of his head．This means that he was probably in some kind of battle．It may have been part of a large war，or he may have been fighting bandits．He may even have been a bandit himself．
By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in．we may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times．
41．The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because__________．
A．two Germans were climbing mountains
B．he was just on a mountain pass
C．the melted ice made him visible
D．he was lying on the ice
42．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．The iceman could have died from the wound in the head．
B．The iceman was struck dead from behind．
C．The iceman was killed while working．
D．The iceman lived a poor life．
43．All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT____________．
A．he was a soldier in Worid War I
B．he came from Italy
C．he was a Swiss woman'S long-lost father
D．He was born about a thousand years ago
44．The scientists made the deduction that the iceman_________．
A．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead
B．has a tiny hole in his skin causing his death
C．was probably in some kind of a battle
D．had got a wound on the back of his head
45．The word"bandits"in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by_________．
A．robbers
B．shooters
C．soldiers
D．hunters
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Semco
At 21，Ricardo Semler became boss of his father'S business in Brazil，Semco，which sold parts for ships．Semler Junior worked like a madman，from 7：30 am，until midnight every day．One afternoon，while touring a factory in New
York，he collapsed．The doctor who treated him said，"There's nothing wrong with you．But if you continue like this．you'll find a new home in our hospital．"Semler got the message．He changed the way he worked．In fact，he changed the ways his employees worked too．
He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong．He allowed them to set their own salaries，and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary，like receptionists and secretaries．__________(46)．"Everyone at Semco，even top managers，meets guests in reception，does the photocopying，sends faxes，types letters and dials the phone．"
He completely reorganized the office：instead of walls，they have plants at Semco，SO bosses can't shut themselves away from everyone else．__________(47)．As for uniforms，some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts．Semler says，"We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour．He doesn't even pretend to be busy．But when a Semco pump on the other side of the world fails，millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea．Rubin springs into action．_________(48)．That'S when he earns his salary．No one cares if he doesn't look busy the rest of the time．"
Semco has flexible working hours：the employees decide when they need to arrive at work．The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year．________(49)．
It sounds perfect，but does it work? The answer is in the numbers：in the last six years，Semco'S revenues have gone from$35 million to$212 million．The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3，000．Why?
Semler says it's because of"peer pressure"．Peer pressure makes employees work hard for everyone else．_________(50)．In other words，Ricardo Semler treats his workers like aduhs and expects them to act like adults．And they do．
A．This saved money and brought more equality to the company．
B．He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them．
C．And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want．
D．Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work．
E．If someone isn't doing his job well，the other workers will not allow the situation to continue．
F．Also，Semco lets its workers use the company's machines for their own projects，and makes them take holidays for at least thirty days a year．
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints
One useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints(指纹)．Losing them could become troublesome．A case _________(51)online in a letter by Annals of Oncology(肿瘤学)indicates how big a________(52)of losing fingerprints is．
Eng-Huat Tan，a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year-old man who has used capecitabine to________(53)his nasopharyngeal cancer(鼻咽癌)．After three years on the_______(54)，the patient decided to visit U．S．relatives last December．But he was stopped by
U．S．customs officials________(55)4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get fingerprints from the man．There were no_______(56)swirly marks appearing from his index finger．
"U．S．customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years．"Tan says．"unfortunately，for the Singaporean traveler，one potential_________(57)effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads．_________(58)，no fingerprints．"
"It is uncertain when fingerprint___________(59)will begin to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine，"Tan points out．So he__________(60)any physicians who prescribe the drug to provide their patients with a doctor'S___________(61)pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear．
Eventually，the Singapore traveler made it into the United States．I guess the name on his passport didn't raise any red flags．But he'S also now got the explanatory doctor's note-and won't leave home_______(62)it．By the way，maybe the Food and Drug Administration(美国食品药物管理局)，____________(63) approved use of the drug 11 years ago，should consider updating its list of side effects _______(64)with this medicine．The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting(呕吐)，stomach pain and some other side effects．But no where__________(65)it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints．
51．A．released B．suggested C．accepted D．detected
52．A．problem B．gap C．sickness D．secret
53．A．cut B．treat C．find D．smooth
54．A．diet B．exercise C．recovery D．drug
55．A．in B．for C．at D．from
56．A．different B．strange C．interesting D．distinctive
57．A．good B．side C．normal D．main
58．A．However B．Meanwhile C．Hence D．Yet
59．A．chance B．mark C．loss D．danger
60．A．reports B．discourage C．cautions D．praise
61．A．note B．name C．book D．number
62．A．on B．out C．without D．off
63．A．who B．when C．which D．where
64．A．collected B．copied C．associated D．tested
65．A．must B．does C．can D．should
2010年全国职称英语理工类（B级）考试参考答案
第1部分：词汇选项
1．A [解析]Patricia生气的瞪着其他的女孩。resentment愤恨。如：He shows no resentment to anyone．他不怨恨任何人。anger愤怒。最符合题意。如：I cannot control mY anger．我无法控制自己的愤怒。doubt怀疑。如：There is no doubt that we will be successful．毫无疑问我们会成功。love爱。如：Love conquers all．爱能战胜一切。surprise惊奇。如：What a pleasant surprise thing!多惊喜的事情呀!
2．A [解析]这一文件由卫生部拟写。compile编辑、编写。如：compile an encvclopedia编辑一本百科全书。write写。最符合题目。如：He has written many books．他写过很多书。print印刷。如：print the final copy of your essay打印作文的终稿。attach系，贴。如：attach a label to the product给商品贴上商标。send送。如：He sent her some flowers．他给她送了些花。
3．D [解析]他花费多年培养对艺术的学识。cultivate培养。如：I wiu cultivate the habit of laughter．我要培养笑的习惯。share分享。如：We used to share everything．我们曾经分享一切。use使用。如：use your mind动动脑子。deny否定。如：Can you deny the truth of his statement?你能否认他的声明的真实性吗?develop发展。最符合题意。如：develop a love for music培养对音乐的喜爱。
4．A [解析]在解决这些社会问题上我们看到了明显的转变。marked明显的。如：marked increases明显的增长。clear清晰的。最符合题意。如：a clear explanation清晰的解释。regular规律的。如：regular heartbeats规律的心跳。quick迅速的。如：a quick answer迅速的回答。great伟大的。如：a great career伟大的事业。
5．A [解析]她的父亲话语不多，举止优雅。graceful优雅的。如：The dancer was light and graceful．舞者的舞姿轻盈优美。polite有礼貌的。最符合题意。如：a polite behavior有礼貌的行为。similar类似的。如：a word or phrase of similar meaning意义相近的词或词组。usual通常的。如：His speech followed the usual pattern．他按照通常的方式讲话。bad坏的。如：a bad habit坏习惯。来源：https://www.360docs.net/doc/4c11506249.html,
6．A[解析]我想给儿子们提供体面的教育。decent体面的。如：decent clothes体面的服装。good好的。最符合题意。如：good environment良好的环境。special特别的。如：This is a special occasion．这是一个特殊的场合。private隐私的。如：Fans are always curious about the singer's private life。歌迷总对歌星的私人生活感兴趣。general 普遍的。如：the general readers一般的读者。
7．A[解析]在这个过程中，光能会转换成热能。convert转换。如：convert iron to steel变铁为钢。change改变。最符合题意。如：change from an empty space to a busy area从空地变为繁华地区。reduce减少。如：reduce the consumption offuel减少燃料消耗。leave留下。如：He left the book on the desk．他把书留在桌上。drop掉落。如：A bottle dropped on the floor and smashed．瓶子落地摔碎了。
8．A[解析]许多城市限制在公共场合抽烟。restrict限制。如：The trees restrict our view．这些树局限了我们的视野。limit限制。最符合题意。如：He must limit the number of cigarettes he smokes．他必须限制抽烟的数目。allow允许。如：Please allow me to express my warm welcome to our guests．请允许我向来客表示热烈的欢迎。stop 停止。如：Stop talking．别说话。keep保持。如：keep silence保持沉默。
9．C[解析]如果我留下，能有多大可能得到提拔?promotion升职。如：May I offer my congratulations on your promotion?请允许我为您的晋升向您道贺。retirement退休。如：Your retirement is really a great disappointment to me．您退休了，真是令我非常失望。advertisement广告。如：This advertisement will capture the attention of TV audiences．这广告将引起电视观众的注意。advancement晋升。最符合题意。如：His advancement to the position of manager was greeted with enthusiasm．他被提升为经理，大家都为之欢呼。replacement代替。如：They have got a replacement for him．他们把他替换下来。
10．D[解析]如果现在出发就能避免交通高峰。miss错过。如：I missed breakfast this morning．今早我错过了吃早饭。direct指挥。如：She directed the planning of the festival．她统管节日安排。stop停止。如：Stop talking．别说话。mix混合。如：Mix water and flour．将水和面粉混合。avoid避免。最符合题意。如：Avoid making any noise．避免制造任何噪音。
11．D[解析]他讲完后有一阵意味深长的沉默。profound意义深远的。如：What she has to say is very profound．她说的话很有意义。proud骄傲的。如：a proud winner骄傲的胜利者。short短暂的。如：a short journey短暂的旅行。sudden突然的。如：a sudden attack突袭。deep深刻的。最符合题意。如：a deep impression深刻的印象。
12．D[解析]我喜欢这出戏，它有巧妙的情节和风趣的对话。funny有趣的。如：a funny story有趣的故事。long长的。如：long hair长发。boring枯燥的。如：a boring person无聊的人。original最初的。如：Stick to the original plan．坚持原计划。humorous幽默的。最符合题意。如：The film is humorous and moving．这部电影风趣又动人。
13．A [解析]贼最终在距村子两英里的地方被抓住。capture捕获。如：capture territories by force of arms争城夺地。catch抓住。最符合题意。如：Early birds catch worms．早起的鸟儿有虫吃。kill杀害。如：He was killed in a car accident．他丧命于一场车祸。find发现。如：Have you found your key?找到钥匙了么?jail监禁。如：He was jailed last month．他上月被监禁。
14．C [解析]建立这样的数据库成本会非常高。set up建立。如：set up an organization成立一个组织。transfer 转移。如：He was transfefred to another department．他调到另一个部门了。destroy破坏。如：The houses were des~oyed in an earthquake．房屋在地震中毁坏。establish成立。最符合题意。如：His grandfather established the family business in 1920．他的祖父在1920年成立了这个家族企业。update更新。如：Have you updated the statistics in the report?你把报告中的数据更新了么?
15．A [解析]两家银行已宣布了明年合并的计划。merge联合。如：Rover is to merge with the BMW．罗佛要
和宝马公司合并。combine合并。最符合题意。如：combine theories with practical exI)eriences将实践经验和理论相结合。sell出售。如：How can you seU sueh an old car?t你怎样能将这辆老车卖出去?close关闭。如：Close the door please．请关门。break打碎。如．break a vase打破花瓶。
第2部分：阅读判断
16．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是："At least seven active fault lines run through the San FranciSCO area."
17．C [解析]文章没有谈到这方面信息。文章只提到1906年地震破坏性大，没说是最严重的。
18．A [解析]本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是："During bigger quakes，baowever，ruptures can laappen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per secona．"由于1906年洛杉矶地震属于大地震，因此本句"1906年洛杉矾地震断层最高速度超过每秒3.5公里"是正确的。
19．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是："Recorcls show that earthquakes were common before 1906．"
20．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是："still，more than 84 percent of the city's buildings are old and weak．"既然大多数房屋不能抵挡地震，那么洛杉矶并没有为地震的来临做好准备。来源：考试大21．C[解析]文章没有谈到这方面信息。
22．A[解析]本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是："According to the new research，however，it's not a matter of'if the Big 0ne will hit'．It's just a matter of wllen．"既然问题是"地震什么时候会发生"，那么这一地震是无法避免的了。
参考译文
大地震就要来了?
住在旧金山的人都知道海湾地区地震高发，而且具有毁坏性。例如1906年的地震毁坏了28000座建筑，让成百上千的人丧命。现在这里的居民想知道下次"大地震"到来的时间，它在某天必定会发生。现在至少有七条活跃的断层线穿过旧金山。断层是地壳破裂面互相移动形成的。当这些破裂面滑动时地震就发生了。
为了迎接那一天，科学家用新技术重新分析1906年的地震，并估计下次地震有可能造成的破坏。
关于1906年地震的一个新发现是圣安德烈亚斯断层分裂的速度比当时科学家认为的要快。小地震发生时断层以每秒2．7公里的速度断裂。然而在大地震时断层断裂速度每秒可超过3．5公里。
在如此高速下聚集了大量压力，并产生比地震本身破坏性更强的地下波。洛杉矶算幸运的，1906年这些压力脉冲游离了该城。尽管破坏很严重，但总算避免了更糟糕的后果。
展望未来，科学家在估计下次大地震什么时候发生。记录显示1906年前地震频发。自此，地震相对减少。然而数据模式显示2032年前一场大地震袭击湾区的可能性至少有62％。
旧金山的新建筑即使在地震中也是完全安全的，但城里超过84％的旧建筑仍是不坚固的。分析家暗示再来一次大地震会造成大面积破坏。
居民觉得住在旧金山是安全的，因为很长一段时间来都很平静。然而根据新的研究，问题已不再是"是否将会发生大地震"，而是"什么时候它会来"。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23．A [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是天然气被广泛应用以及各种用途。
24．D[解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。
25．F[解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是美国消费天然气的情况。
26．B [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是世界上天然气的储存和供应情况。
27．B [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第一段的第一句"Natural gas is procduced from reserVoirs deep beneath the earth's SUTface．"
28．F [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第四句"In fact，natural gas is the most economical source for llome energy neecls，costing one-third as mueh as electricity"．29．E [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第五句话"In addition to heating homes，much of the gas usecl in the United States is usecl as a raw material to mamrflacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healtlacare，computing ancl fumishings．"
30．C [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第四段的最后一句"The U.S. Department 0f Energy's Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demancl will grow by more tllan 50 percent by 2025."
参考译文
天然气
天然气深深储藏在地球表面下方，它属于矿物燃料，是埋藏在地球上百万年的有机物产生的。天然气的主要构成是甲烷。
过去50多年，随着管道基础建设能将气体便利、经济的输送到世界各地的居住区、商业和工业用户，天然气受欢迎程度和使用迅速增长。如今全美50州都有天然气服务，并且是美国家庭和工业燃料首选。超过6500万美国家庭使用天然气。事实上，天然气是最经济的家庭能源的来源，费用是电的1/3。除了家庭取暖，美国许多天然气被用作原材料，生产从油漆到服装纤维、保健用塑料制品、计算设备和家具等多种产品。天然气也被用在许多新的发电厂。
天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。它释放的污染小于其他矿物燃料。天然气燃烧时主要产生二氧化碳和水蒸气--与人呼气产生的物质相同。与其他矿物燃料相比，天然气燃烧时释放到空气中的二氧化碳最少，因此它是最洁净的燃烧矿物燃料。燃料的生产和分配必须按照联邦政府的规定，这样能确保向消费者提供安全干净的服务。
美国消费世界天然气出产量的三分之一，是世界上最大的天然气消费地区。美国能源部的能源信息行政部门
预计天然气需求量到2025年会增长超过50％。
地表下有大量的天然气储存。最大的天然气储存在俄罗斯、西非、北非和中东。过去的四十多年美国同时本土生产和进口液化天然气。现在进口液化气的国家主要有日本、韩国、法国和西班牙。
第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇
31．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。题目是老年人经常运动有助于以下哪项。原文是第二段"对老年人的新研究显示经常运动能让老年更集中精力"。选项A"减肥"；选项B"更愉快"；选项C"精力更集中"；选项D"显得年轻"。因此只能选C。
32．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是第三段"以前的研究证明老鼠在轮子上奔跑数周后它们的学习、记忆和集中程度都有所提高。运动的老鼠大脑中的血液流量大于不运动的，而它们脑细胞的联系也更频繁。"选项A"更高的血压"；选项B"更快的心跳"；选项C"有更多血液流经大脑"；选项D"更好的外表"。因此只能选C。
33．B[解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是第五段"研究员发现身体健康的成年人完成箭头测试的速度更快，他们的答案和身体状况不佳的参加者一样准确。"选项A"身体状况不佳的参赛者完成箭头测试更快"；选项B"身体健康的参赛者完成箭头测试的速度更快"；选项C"身体状况不佳的参赛者在箭头测试中答案更准确"；选项D"身体健康的参赛者在箭头测试中答案更准确"。因此只能选B。
34．D [解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是第七段"因此每两到三天仅仅出去散步10到45分钟都会对健康有益。"因此只能选D。
35．B[解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是最后一段"不管你怎么做都不要一边走路一边读书，你有可能伤到自己的哦"。选项A"一周跑一次步"；选项B"不要同时走路和读书"与原文内容一致；选项C"每天散步"；选项D"运动时不要伤着朋友"。因此答案选B"。
参考译文
步行健脑
你认为整日坐着学习就可以提高成绩么?想想吧。做做运动或许也有效呢。
对老年人的新研究显示经常运动能让老年人更集中精力。
以前的研究证明老鼠在轮子上奔跑数周后它们的学习、记忆和集中程度都有所提高。运动的老鼠大脑中的血液流量大于不运动的，而它们脑细胞的联系也更频繁。
来自Urbana-Champaign大学的神经学家想要知道是否人类也会有同样的情况。首先，他们测量了41位58岁到77岁的成年人行走1英里后的健康状况。然后让这4l位参加者观看电脑屏幕上的箭头，用电脑操纵键指出箭头指向哪里。
研究员发现身体健康的成年人完成箭头测试的速度更快，他们的答案和身体状况不佳的参加者一样准确。有更多的血液流向健康参加者大脑中控制注意力和做决定的部分。
第二项试验中，已完成了一个六个月有氧训练课程的老年人在注意力测试中比另外14位只是做过同样时间的伸展和肌肉锻炼的老年人要更快。
因此每两到三天仅仅出去散步10到45分钟都会对健康有益。这对你的祖父母来说是个好消息。
运动对年轻人大脑的作用尚未有研究。不过，偶尔放下学习，和朋友们散散步、跑一跑还是有好处的。或许对学习大有裨益。
不管你怎么做都不要一边走路一边读书，你有可能伤到自己的哦。
第二篇
36．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。原文在第二段"加州大学科学家周东环发现阿根廷蚂蚁的身体能向外释放一种化学物质告诉同伴：'我死了，把我挪走吧。'"选项A"含有毒物质的化学品"与原文不符；选项B"导致死亡的化学物质"与原文不符；选项C"宣布死亡的化学物质"，符合原文；选项D"阻止死亡的化学物质"与原文不符，因此只能选C。
37．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。选项A"蚂蚁们很快知道有同伴死了"符合原文内容：选项B"当有蚂蚁死了，其他同伴把它的尸体挪出蚁穴"符合原文内容；选项C"有蚂蚁昏迷了，它会被拖出蚁穴"不符合原文内容，符合选项要求；选项D"活蚂蚁身上有'我活着'化学物质"，与原文相符。因此只能选C。
38．D[解析]本题是细节考查题。选项A"蚂蚁死后气味依然和活着时一样"与原文不符；选项B"'我已死'化学物在蚂蚁死后会消失"与原文不符；选项C"蚂蚁死后，'我还没死'化学物质留在尸体上"与原文不符；选项D"'我没死'化学物质在蚂蚁死后会消失"与原文相符。因此只能选D．
39．B [解析]本题是阅读理解能力考查题。周的假设是当其他蚂蚁监测到"我没死"化学物质消失了，而只有"我死了"物质，它们就将尸体拖走。而实验结果是当科学家用"我已死"化学物质时，蚂蚁们立刻将处理过的蛹拉走。当科学家使用"等等，我还没死"这一化学物质时，其他蚂蚁并不碰这个蛹。结果证明了周假设的正确性。选项A"他的假设是错误的"，不符合原文；选项B"他的假设有说服力"，符合原文；选项C"他的假设需要修改"，不符合原文；选项D"他没有发现有力的证据证明这一假设"，与原文不符。所以只能选B。
40．D [解析]本题是阅读综合理解能力考查题。选项A"一只蚂蚁怎样被移出蚁穴"不是文章主旨；选项B"蚂蚁在晚上做什么"不是文章主旨；选项C"蚂蚁如何在黑暗中找到路"不是文章主旨；选项D"蚂蚁死后会发生什么"符合文章内容。因此只能选D。
参考译文
蚂蚁的死亡
一只蚂蚁死后，别的蚂蚁会把它挪出蚁穴。科学家认为这一现象很有趣，他们想知道蚂蚁们如何迅速准确地得知有只同伴死了。
加州大学科学家周东环发现阿根廷蚂蚁的身体能向外释放一种化学物质告诉同伴："我死了，把我挪走吧。"
让周东环在研究中疑惑不解的是蚂蚁都像僵尸一般，不仅是死蚂蚁，活的蚂蚁也有这种死亡化学物质。换句
话说，当一只蚂蚁在餐厅或家中爬行时，它就在告诉同伴他死了。
是什么令蚂蚁们并没有拖走活着的同伴?周发现阿根廷蚂蚁身体上有两种化学物质，这些物质能向周围的蚂蚁传达诸如"等等，我还没死呢"这样的信息。因此，周的研究发现了两种化学物质信号。一种说明"我死了"，另一种说"我还没死呢"。
其他科学家也试图发现蚂蚁如何知道一个同伴已经死去。如果一个蚂蚁昏迷了，其他蚂蚁能在它醒过来前不碰它。这意味着蚂蚁们知道没有动的同伴有可能仍然活着。
周指出，当一只阿根廷蚂蚁死后，发出"等等，我还没死呢"这一信号的化学物质立刻消失。一旦这种物质消失，就只有发出"我死了"的化学物质。周说，"这是因为死去的蚂蚁散发的味道不同于活着的蚂蚁，因而应该被带到坟墓去了。并不是因为蚂蚁在死后产生新化学物质。"当其他蚂蚁监测到"我没死"化学物质消失了，而只有"我死了"物质，它们就将尸体拖走。这是周的假设。
为了证明这一假设，周和他的团队将不同的化学物质涂在阿根廷蚂蚁的蛹上。当科学家用"我已死"化学物质时，蚂蚁们立刻将处理过的蛹拉走。当科学家使用"等等，我还没死"这一化学物质时，其他蚂蚁并不碰这个蛹。周认为这一行为说明蚂蚁选择时，"还没死"物质要优先于"死亡"物质。而且当一只蚂蚁死后，"还没死"化学物质逐渐消失。其他周围的蚂蚁才感觉到"死亡"物质，并将尸体拖离蚁穴。
第三篇
41．C[解析]本题是细节考查题。冰人尸体被发现的原因在文章的第一段提到。选项A"两个德国人正在爬山"；选项B"他刚好在一个山口上"；选项C"融化的冰将他暴露出来"；选项D"他躺在冰上"。因此只能选C。
42．A[解析]本题是阅读理解能力考查题。能从第二段推断出的是以下哪项?选项A "冰人有可能死于头部伤口"；选项B"冰人背后受袭击而致死"；选项c"冰人工作时被杀害"；选项D"冰人生活贫困"。原文是"它面朝下，除了头部有伤外，骨架状况很好"，仅就此推断，冰人可能死于头部伤，因此答案是A。
43．B [解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是下列哪项不属于人们对冰人作出的种种猜测。原文在第三段。选项A"他是一战时期的士兵"；选项C"他是一位瑞士妇女失踪多年的父亲"；选项D"他大约一千年前出生"均在该段中有所提及。选项B"他来自意大利"在文章中没有出现。因此答案是B。
44．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是科学家对冰人的推论是什么。原文在第四段。选项A"他的肩膀被箭头刺伤"是事实而非推论；选项B"皮肤上的小孔导致他的死亡"不符合事实；选项C"有可能参与过战斗"是推论；选项D"头后部有伤口"是事实而非推论因此只能选C。
45．A [解析]本题是阅读理解能力考察题。第四段"bandits"是什么意思?选项A"强盗"；选项B"射击手"；选项C"士兵"；选项D"猎人"。只有选项A与其他三项意义相距甚远。因此只能选A。
参考译文
冰人
1991年九月的一天，两位德国人正在攀登奥地利和意大利之间的山脉。爬到一个山口它们发现了一具躺在冰上的尸体。在这样的高度(10499英尺或3200米)，冰通常是常年不化的。但是1991年是特别暖的一年，山上的冰比从前消融的迅速，所以尸体才显露出来。
他面朝下，除了头部有伤外，骨架状况很好。骨头上依然有皮肤和残余的衣物。尸体双手仍然握着斧头的木柄，双脚穿着简单的由皮革和布料做的靴子，他附近有树皮做的一双手套和一个箭筒。
他是谁?他在什么时候怎样死去的?人人的解释都不同。有人认为他就是本世纪的人，有可能是一战时期阵亡的士兵，因为在这附近已经有士兵被发现了。一位瑞士妇女相信他是自己二十年前在这些山脉间去世的父亲，他的遗体一直没有被找到。赶去查看的科学家认为这一尸体可能更久远，它甚至有一千岁了。
科学家们运用最新的年代确定技术很快获悉这一冰人已有大约5300岁了。他大约出生在公元前3300年，生活在欧洲的青铜器时代。起初科学家们认为他有可能在高山间打猎时出事故而身亡。然而最近的一些证据显示不同。新型的X光表明他的肩膀上仍有一个箭头，皮肤上只有一个小孔，但却导致内部损伤和失血。几乎可以肯定他死于这个伤，而不是脑后的伤口。这说明他有可能参与过战争。这场战争有可能是大型战争的一部分或者其间他和强盗博斗过，甚至他本人就可能是强盗。
通过研究他的衣服和工具，科学家们就已经知道有关冰人生活的时代的很多内容。我们有可能永远无法知道他死亡的真相，但是他给我们提供了了解那个远古时代的重要线索。
第5部分：补全短文
46．A [解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。上一句说到"他允许他们自己制定薪水，但会削减他认为不必要的，比如像接待员和秘书这样的工作"，而下一句应该解释这种做法的原因。选项A说明"这样可以减少开支，并给公司带来更多平等"，与上下文联系最紧密，因此选A。
47．C [解析]本题考查的是对段落主旨的理解和对文章细节的把握。本段主要讲semler如何改造公司的外表，而选项中只有C提到这方面的内容，"员工可以随意装饰自己的工作空间"放在这里是和前后两句话的并列。因此选C。
48．B [解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。上一句说到"但如果Semco 在地球另一端的油泵坏了，上百万加仑的油即将注入大海时，Robin就会立刻跳起来行动"，下一句需要说到Robin 怎样行动，因此选项B"他了解关于我们公司油泵的任何事情，并能修理"最符合题目要求。
49．F [解析]本题考查的是对段落主旨的理解和对文章细节的把握。这一段讲述了Semco给予员工的自由，而选项中只有F"Semco也允许员工用公司的机器做自己的项目，并且一年至少能休假30天"与此内容相关，因此选F。
50．E [解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解。上一句说到同伴的压力让员工努力为他人工作，而下一句应具体解释这种压力如何发挥作用。选项E"如果有人表现不好。其他人会制止这一局面"延续了这一句的内容。因此选E。
参考译文