2017上半年教师资格证中学教育知识与能力真题及答案
2017年上半年教师资格证考试《中学教育知识与能力》真题及答案
一、单项选择题(本大题共21小题，每小题2分，共42分)
1.在教育史上，重视实科教育，主张学生学习的自觉性，强调教育为完美生活做准备的的教育家是( )。
A.夸美纽斯
B.赫尔巴特
C.斯宾塞
D.杜威
2.在儿童身心发展存在缟素发展期，某一时期某一方面的发展特别迅速而在其他阶段相对平稳。这一现象体现了儿童身心发展的那一阶段?( )
A.顺序性
B.阶段性
C.个别差别差异性
D.不平衡性
3.明确提出“长善救失”“教学相长”“不陵节而施”“臧息相辅”等重要的思想的文献是( )
A.《论语》
B.《学记》
C.《孟子》
D.《大学》
4.在教育目的价值取向问题上，主张教育是为了使人增长智慧，发展才能，生活更加从充实幸福的观点属于( )
A.个人本位论
B.社会本位论
C.知识本位论
D.能力本位论
5.世界各国的学制存在着差异，但在入学年龄，中小学分段等方面却又较高的一致性。这说明学制的建立主要依据( )。
A.社会政治经济制度
B.生产力发展水平
C.青少年身心发展规律
D.名族和文化传统
6.学生在小学教学课程中通过测量或拼图学习三角形的内角和为180度，在中学教学课程中通过证明学习三角形的内角和为180度。这种课程内容的组织形式是( ).
A.直线式
B.螺旋式
C.纵向式
D.横线式
7.某沿海城市在义务教育阶段的学校全面开设海洋教育课程，这种课程属于( )。
A.国家课程
B.地方课程
C.校本课程
D.生本课程
8.李老师在语文课上，按照组织教学，检查复习，讲授新教材，巩固新教材，布置课外作业的程序进行教学。这体现了哪一类型的课的结构( )
A.单一课
B.综合课C .练习课D.复习课
9.古希腊哲学家苏格拉底创立了“产婆术”。它体现的主要教学方法是( )。
A.讲授法
B.讨论法
C.谈话法
D.演示法
10.有同学在班上丢了30元压岁钱，如何解决这个问题呢?王老师通过讲“负荆请罪”的故事，
教育拿了钱的同学像廉颇将军一样知错能改，不久犯错误的同学把钱偷偷的归还了失主。王老师采用的德育方法是( )。
A.榜样示范法
B.品德评价法
C.实际锻炼法
D.个人修养法
11.班主任陈老师通过生杏的酸涩和熟杏的香甜来教育一位早恋的初三女生，告诉她，谈恋爱
和吃杏子是一样的道理。中学生还没有生长成熟，此刻若谈恋爱，就如同吃生杏子一般，只能又苦又涩：只有到成熟后再去品尝，才会香甜可口，无比幸福。从而使这位女生从早恋中走了出来。这
体现了德育的那一原则?( )
A.知行统一原则
B.长善救失原则
C.有的放矢原则
D.疏导原则
12.学习游泳之前，小兰通过阅读书籍记住了一些与游泳相关的知识。小兰对游泳知识的记忆是( )。
A.陈诉性记忆
B.程序性记忆
C.瞬时记忆
D.短时记忆
13.小军由于“锐角三角形”知识掌握不好而影响了“钝角三角形”知识的掌握，这种现象属于( )。
A.纵向迁移
B.横向迁移
C.顺应迁移
D.重组迁移
14.小马上课时害怕回答问题，他发现自己坐在教室后排时可减少老师提问的次数，于是，他总坐在教室后排，下列哪种强化方式导致了小马愿意坐在后排?( )
A.正强化
B.负强化
C.延迟强化
D.替代强化
15.小星判断道德问题时，不仅能依据规则，而且能出于同情和关心做出判断，根据皮压杰道德认知发展理论，小星的道德认知发展处于( )。
A.自我中心阶段
B.权威阶段
C.可逆阶段
D.公正阶段
16.中学生晓楠极端争抢好胜，性格急躁，富有竞争意识，外向，常常处于紧张状态，很难使自己放松，小楠的人格属于( )。
A.A型人格
B.B型人格
C.C型人格
D.D型人格
17.小强期中考试失利，但是他没有气馁，而是认真分析了失败原因，找到了问题，确定了新的方向，小强这种对待挫折的方式是( )。
A.宣泄
B.升华
C.补偿
D.认知重组
18.中学生小艾上学前总是反复检查书包，如果不检查，他就难受，明知该带的文具都带了，就是控制不住，小强这种对待挫折的方式是( )。
A.抑郁症
B.焦虑症
C. 强迫症
D.恐惧症
19.华老师认为课堂管理是教学的一部分，[亿师学整理]课堂管理本身可以教给学生一些行为准则，使学生从他律走向自律，使学生逐步走向成熟，这主要说明课堂管理具有那一项功能( ).
A.维持功能
B.导向功能
C.发展功能
D.调节功能
20.每学期开学前，王老师总是根据自己所教班级人数，课时量以及备课资料知否充分等来安排自己的教学方式与教学进度，根据布勒与布朗的观点，王老师处于教师成长的哪个阶段?( )。
A.关注生存
B.关注情境
C.关注学生
D.关注自我
21.老师经常自觉的对自己的讲课过程进行分析，进行全面深入的归纳和总结，以不断的改善自觉的教学行为，提高自觉的教学水平，李老师的做法基于下列哪种专业发展方式( )
A.教学实施
B.教学研究
C.自我发展
D.教学反思
二、辨析题(本大题共4题，每小题8分，共32分)判断正误，并判断理由。
22.教学具有自身的发展规律，不受社会发展的制约。（）
23.知识越多，能力越强。（）
24.接受学习一定是意义学习。（）
25.根据科尔伯格的观点，道德发展的阶段性是固定的，相同年龄阶段的人都能达到同样的发展水平。（）
三、简答题(本大题共4小题，每小题10分，共40分)
26.简述班主任培养班集体的主要方法?
27.我国新一轮基础教育课程改革的具体目标有哪些?
28.简述短时记忆特点。
29.简述学校心理辅导的原则。
四、材料分析题(本大题共2小题，每小题18分，共36分)阅读材料，并回答问题
30.材料：
周老师总是认真的给学生写评语，把它作为教育学生的途径，他给班上一名淘气学生写了一首打油诗：“小赵同学有头脑。就是不爱用正道;上课爱做小动作，插话接舌瞎胡闹;学习态度不大好，学习成绩不大妙;你若聪明应知道，有才不用是草包，劝你来期赶紧改，否则成绩更糟糕。”小赵阅后哈哈大笑，也回老师一打油诗：“老师写的好，老师写的妙;小赵一定改，决不当草包;不做小动作，头脑用正道;[亿师学提供]若是做不好，随你老师敲!”
小张迷恋电脑游戏，周老师用心良苦，巧妙把他比喻为电脑，给他的评语是：“该主机硬盘超过80G，内存2G，运行绝大多数游戏非常流畅，反应灵敏;显卡强大，画面质量甚高;整体配置
非常优良，但该机音效设定不良，常常该发声没有声音，要安静时却发出杂音;另外屏保时间设定过短，老师一分钟没动作，就进入休眠状态，修理修理，还是好用的。”后来，小张改掉了迷恋
游戏的毛病，对电脑硬件也产生了兴趣。
小黄语文水平高，但有些浮躁，周老师给他的评语如下：“汝生于书香门第，通达明理，开朗乐观，时有非常之事，亦曾处之泰然，好学善守。然汝时有蹉跎之意，数情烦甚。若不熟读圣贤之书，以致学识浅薄，泯然众人，岂不哀哉，痛哉!”小黄阅后，心服口服，决心静下来，坚持勤
奋读书。
问题：
(1)周老师给学生写的评语体现了那些德育原则?
(2)请结合材料加以分析。
31.材料：
小明和小罗今年高三，是一对好朋友。两人在处理问题的认知风格方面有较大差异。小明在学习上遇到问题时，常常利用个人经验独立的对其进行判断，喜欢用概况与逻辑的方式分析问题，很少受到同学与老师建议的影响。而小罗遇到问题时常常表现与小明相反，他更愿意倾听老师和同学们的建议，并以他们的建议作为分析问题的依据。另外，他还善于观察言观色，关注社会问题。
问题：
(1)结合材料分析小明和小罗的认知风格差异。
(2)假如你是他们的老师，如何根据认知风格差异展开教学?
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