选修8.3 Inventors and inventions(押题专练)-2017年高考英语一轮复习精品资料(解析版)

Ⅰ.完形填空

Reading and learning new words is about finding their meaning and use within a passage. The meaning of unknown words which you __1__ in your reading sometimes can be known by their __2__，that is, their contexts. The context of the sentence can tell us the part of speech (词性) of the __3__ word. Using the context of the paragraph to define unknown words can also be __4__.

Readers often have trouble because they understand the sentence word by word instead the __5__ meaning of a word, when they should identify the way it has been used in the passage.

One consideration in using the context is to determine the unknown word’s part of speech. The words around the unknown word can give you __6__. Once you know if the word is a noun or an adjective, it is often enough for you to __7__ reading without having to stop to look up the meaning of the word. After coming across the word a few more times, you will know its meaning more __8__ than if you had just looked it up.

Comparison clues indicate that two or more things are __9__. A comparison is possible because the known and unknown words have __10__. The likeness shows you that comparisons can be made.

__11__ clues tell you an example of an unknown word. Example clues are usually __12__ by the following words and phrases: such as, for example, and like.

To find meaning from text-based clues, you should look for clues in the sentence. A second kind of clue does not __13__on specific words to indicate meaning. This kind of context clue is called a framework-based clue. Your knowledge of the meaning of surrounding words __14__ you discover the meaning of a word or sentence. Common __15__ and your knowledge of the parts of speech also help defining unknown words. For example, the angry driver shouted vehemently during his fight with the other driver. What does “vehemently”__16__？You know what __17__ means, and you know how people __18__ when they argue. From this, you can __19__ out tha t “vehemently” has something to do with strong __20__ or intense feeling.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几种在阅读过程中学习生词的方法和技巧。

1.A.take down B．look up

C．come across D．pick out

解析：选C有时候你在阅读中所遇到的生词的意思可以通过语境知道其含义。take down“记下”；look up“查阅”；come across“遇见”；pick out“找出”。下文中的“After coming across the word a few more times”也是提示，故C项正确。

2．A.sentences B．words

C．topics D．surroundings

解析：选D根据“that is”可知，此空与contexts是同义词，与下文中的“The words around the unknown word”和“Your knowledge of the meaning of surrounding words”呼应，故D项正确。

3．A.unknown B．abnormal

C．familiar D．negative

解析：选A句子的语境可以告诉我们生词的词性。与上文中的“unknown words”呼应可知，此处是指生词，故A项正确。abnormal“不正常的”；familiar“熟悉的”；negative“负面的”。

4．A.unique B．natural

C．helpful D．common

5．A.correct B．inconvenient

C．different D．satisfactory

解析：选A读者经常遇到麻烦，因为他们逐字理解句子而不是(理解)一个词的正确意思。根据空格前的“Readers often have trouble”可推知，读者没有理解一个词的正确意思，即A项正确。

6．A.cases B．reasons

C．effects D．clues

解析：选D生词周围的词可以给你(提供)线索。与下文中的“Comparison clues”呼应，故D项正确。

7．A.translate B．interview

C．continue D．examine

解析：选C一旦你知道了这个词是名词还是形容词，那么你就可以不必停下来去查这个词的意思而继续读下去。根据空格后的“without having to stop”可知，此处应用continue“继续”，故C项正确。

8．A.strangely B．uncertainly

C．potentially D．firmly

解析：选D strangely“奇怪地”；uncertainly“犹豫地”；potentially“潜在地”；firmly“坚定地”。根据空格前的“After coming across the word a few more times”可知，在生词出现的频率较高的情况下，根据语境，读者就可以更加确定其具体的含义，故D项正确。

9．A.alike B．meaningful

C．proper D．great

解析：选A比较性线索表明两个或多个事物是相似的。根据下文中的“The likeness”可知，此处表示事物的相似性，故A项正确。

10．A.properties B．similarities

C．possibilities D．personalities

解析：选B之所以可能作比较是因为认识的词和不认识的词之间有相似性。根据下文中的“The likeness”可知，similarity“相似性”，符合语境。

11．A.Popularity B．Consideration

C．Example D．Comparison

解析：选C例子线索会通过举例来提示读者。与空格后的“an example”和“Example clues”呼应，故C 项正确。

12．A.affected B．adjusted

C．changed D．introduced

解析：选D例子线索通常通过以下词或短语来提出。affect“影响”；adjust“调整”；change“改变”；introduce“提出”。故D项正确。

13．A.focus B．spend

C．carry D．rely

14．A.prevents B．helps

C．tells D．displays

解析：选B你对附近的词的意思的理解有助于你了解一个词或一个句子的意思。故B项正确。

15．A.point B．taste

C．awareness D．sense

解析：选D常识和对词性的了解也有助于(读者)给生词下定义。固定搭配：common sense意为“常识”，符合语境，故D项正确。

16．A.mean B．use

C．contain D．complete

解析：选A“vehemently”是什么意思呢？与下文中的“You know what __17__ means”形成呼应，故A 项正确。

17．A.angry B．grateful

C．happy D．anxious

解析：选A你知道angry是什么意思，而且你(也)知道人们在争辩时的感受。与上文中的“the angry driver”呼应，故A项正确。

18．A.act B．say

C．feel D．think

解析：选C根据上文中的“the angry driver”和空格所在句中的“how people __18__ when they argue”可推知，C项正确。