(参考)跨文化视角下的体育英语汉译
浅析跨文化背景下的户外广告英语翻译
龙源期刊网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/4013966761.html, 浅析跨文化背景下的户外广告英语翻译 作者：邹庆玲孟奉华张霞许同琴赵芸 来源：《科学与财富》2020年第13期 摘要：在经济日益全球化和交流日益国际化的趋势下，户外英文广告在社会中无处不见，处处彰显城市魅力。然而户外广告英语的语法错误、拼写错误、用词不当、词不达意和中式英语痕迹明显等不规范现象比比皆是。本文根据广告英语的语言特点进行研究分析，提出跨文化背景下准确翻译户外广告英语的基本策略，发掘文体得当、词汇精准、传承语言文化的户外英语广告，更好配合国际商贸需要、经济合作共赢和城市形象提升。 关键词：户外广告;英语语言特点;翻译策略 一、前言 户外广告的前世可以追溯到前六世纪罗马奴隶制共和国时期。政府为了改善杂乱无章的闹市招牌，下令一律用墙壁做广告，竞技场的表演预告、失物启示、补鞋匠之类的广告都会涂满整座墙壁。如今户外广告已发展成为媒体类型丰富、表现形式多样、发展速度较快的广告模式，是一个国家、一个地区的经济繁荣程度最直观的体现。在我们习以为常的汉语言文化背景下，制作出语言严谨、含义准确的广告英语译文对于提升城市和企业形象、增进文化信息交流尤为重要。 二、户外广告英语“重灾区” 在“雙招双引”的国内外形势下，国内众多城市的户外广告标语中日益彰显出中外语言融合、经济文化交流的好气象，户外广告的英语宣传国际化趋势越来越明显。然而户外广告的英语翻译文本中不乏存在语法错误、拼写错误、用词不当、词不达意和中式英语痕迹明显等不规范现象，影响了正在国际化前进中的城市和企业品牌形象。 1.语法错误是户外广告的一大弊病 江苏某市一隅，一办公家具广告“办公主张唯我独尊”，出现蹩脚语法，令人费解：“It’s only us for provide the most restigeous office building“。主语it难以理解，不是英文中的这个代 词it通常充当的形式主语，从英文句子结构上来看，倒像是强调句，可是，英文的强调句结构是it is……that……，而这个句子中却并没有that这个单词，简直就是“四不像”。 2.低级错误同样比比皆是
文化差异与跨文化交际章节答案
第一章 1 【单选题】(10分) 中西方文化交流的历史源远流长，历史上有一条连接东西方文明古国的通道被称之为“丝绸之路”。“丝绸之路”的得名是由（）提出的。 A. 张骞 B. 汉和帝 C. 汉武帝 正确 查看答案解析 10分 2 【多选题】(10分) 广义上的“丝绸之路”除了包括陆上丝绸之路外，还包括海上丝绸之路。海上丝绸之路由（）组成。 D. 北洋航线 正确 查看答案解析 10分 3 【多选题】(10分) “丝绸之路”曾作为连接中西方的重要通道发挥着重要的作用。其发挥的作用主要是指（）。 B. 军事作用 正确 查看答案解析
10分 4 【单选题】(10分) 通过“陆上丝绸之路”，于（）年粟特人将制造葡萄酒的技术传入中国。 B. 康熙九年 C. 崇祯十六年 D. 元和七年 正确 查看答案解析 10分 5 【单选题】(10分) 汉武帝时期，（）为开拓“丝绸之路”立下了汗马功劳，被誉为“中国走向世界第一人”。 A. 卫青 B. 霍去病 D. 司马迁 正确 查看答案解析 10分 6 【多选题】(10分) 鸠摩罗什把佛教从西方引入中国，将大量经书翻译成汉语，为佛教在中国的传播做出了巨大的贡献。他与（）和玄奘并称为中国佛教四大译经家。 B. 鉴真 C. 法显 正确 查看答案解析 10分 7 【单选题】(10分) （）17岁时跟随父亲和叔叔历时四年来到中国，与元世祖忽必烈建立了友谊。后由鲁斯蒂谦将其在中国见闻轶事整理并编着成游记，在欧洲广为流传，激起了欧洲人对东方的向往。
A. 查理·马特 C. 利玛窦 D. 阿基米德 正确 查看答案解析 10分 8 【多选题】(10分) 佛教传入中国后对中国文化的影响巨大。中国历史上就曾修建过许多反映佛教文化的石窟，其中敦煌莫高窟与（）并称为中国四大石窟。 A. 固原须弥山石窟 正确 查看答案解析 10分 9 【多选题】(10分) 利玛窦不仅将中国文化介绍到了西方，而且帮助中国人打开了视野，使中国人了解到了西方。正是由于他的到来，使中国人第一次接触到了（）。 D. 西方哲学 正确答案是:A,B,C 查看答案解析 10 【多选题】(10分) “丝绸之路”加强了东西方的贸易往来。通过“丝绸之路”中国将（）运输到东南亚、南亚、东非以及欧洲各国。
新编跨文化交际英语教程 参考答案
Unit 1 Communication Across Cultures Reading I Intercultural Communication：An Introduction Comprehension questions 1. Is it still often the case that “everyone?s quick to blame the alien” in the contemporary world? This is still powerful in today‘s soci al and political rhetoric. For instance, it is not uncommon in today‘s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems are caused by minorities and immigrants. 2. What?s the difference between today?s intercultural contact and that of any time in the past? Today‘s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importance than in any time in history. 3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life today? New technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter. 4. How do you understand the sentence “culture is everything and everywhere”? Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behave in our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent. 5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communication? The three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state). 6. What does one?s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in it? The family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world. 7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our culture? Because language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community. 8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning to? People can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions,eye contact and gaze, touch, etc. 9. How can a free, culturally diverse society exist? A free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society. Reading II The Challenge of Globalization Comprehension questions 1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changed? Many things, such as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thus, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this changed and still fast changing world in which we live.
跨文化交际试题 附答案
《跨文化交际》试题（附答案） Paper 1 Communication Analysis ? The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.? ? Question 1 Case 1: Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant. Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it! Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.? ? Question 2 Case 2: Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory. Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong! Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job. Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music. Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment. Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game. Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment! Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? ? Question 3 Case 3: This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.
影响英语阅读理解的跨文化因素研究.doc
影响英语阅读理解的跨文化因素研究 摘要：(发表论文QQ：七三八一一七九四三）通常在英语学习的过程中，教师都将培养学生英语阅读理解能力作为重点教学内容。由此可见英语阅读在整个英语学习中是至关重要，在所有的英语考试中，英语阅读理解的分值通常占据卷面总分数的三分之一，提高英语阅读能力对提高英语分数有很重要的影响。由于英语阅读理解对学生提高英语水平具有关键性作用，本文主要针对跨文化因素对英语阅读理解能力的影响做具体分析。 关键词：跨文化英语阅读阅读理解 英语学习主要内容包括听说读写四个方面，英语阅读理解作为提升我们自身学习英语思维能力的重要环节，对提高英语成绩以及对英语学习的兴趣都有影响。通过英语阅读理解有效教学，不仅能锻炼学生英语思维能力，同时也对增加英语词汇量，巩固英语语法都有所帮助。但是从目前的英语教学中，我们发现跨文化因素对我们提高英语阅读理解能力有一定的阻碍影响，因此如何在英语阅读理解学习中有效避免跨文化因素带来的影响，值得我们思考与研究。 一、跨文化因素对英语阅读的影响 （一）文化内涵不同带来的影响 通常在我们做阅读理解练习题时，由于中英文化内涵的差异，导致我们对答案的判断有一定的误差影响。一般情况下，我们习惯按照中国人的思想观念选择自己的答案，从而忽视中英文化内涵的不同。英语中，普遍使用委婉词语的方式与汉语有所差别，然而我们习惯性用中国人的思维翻译英语阅读理解文章，对阅读理解的真实意思完全不了解。 （二）成语及谚语的影响 英国的习俗谚语与中国的含义是不完全相同的，在编撰阅读理解习题时有许多可能性。如根据中文习俗选择与中国相关的题目。但在我们做英语阅读理解题目时，极少会遇见。在一般的英语阅读理解中，我们翻译出来的谚语都是英国本地文化。在我们翻译出谚语的同时，习惯性将其与中国相关的谚语归为一类。这样的做法严重阻碍了我们英语阅读理解能力，原因为中英文谚语的含义是有差异的。 （三）文化背景的影响(发表论文QQ：七三八一一七九四三） 有时我们对于阅读理解答案的误解在于中英文化背景的不同，了解国外文化背景知识对提高英语阅读理解能力非常关键。由于我们对其它国家的历史文化与风俗习惯不够了解，导致学生整体英语阅读理解能力偏低。在进行阅读理解练习时，并不能分析文章的中心内容，只读懂文章表面的内容。熟悉其他国家文化背景，对提升阅读理解能力有一定帮助。
文化差异与跨文化交际
文化差异与跨文化交际 第一章单元测试 1、李希霍芬 2、东洋航线西洋航线南洋航线 3、贸易作用外交作用文化交流作用 4、贞观十四年 5、张骞 6、不空真谛 7、马可?波罗 8、天水麦积山石窟洛阳龙门石窟大同云冈石窟 9、西洋音乐西方油画机械钟表 10、瓷器茶叶丝绸 第二章单元测试 1、美国 2、牛仔鸡尾酒快餐 3、熊猫京剧长城 4、丝绸之路四大发明 5、语言饮食宗教 6、江南民居川西民居北京四合院书院建筑 7、巴洛克式建筑罗马式建筑哥特式建筑洛可可建筑 8、雕梁画柱飞檐斗拱亭台楼阁 9、伦敦圣保罗大教堂梵蒂冈圣保罗大教堂 10、洛可可式建筑 11、粤菜湘菜川菜鲁菜 12、勺子筷子盆子碗 13、红茶白茶黑茶绿茶 14、二锅头黄酒 15、豫剧黄梅戏京剧评剧 16、扬琴古琴 17、茶花女卡门图兰朵 18、最后的晚餐蒙娜丽莎 19、澳大利亚 20、BDCEA 第三章单元测试 1、全选 2、傅聪傅敏 3、Skype Twitter 4、文化背景年龄年龄 5、受众面广不受时空限制
7、叔侄关系 8、自然形成无需刻意建立恒久不变 9、宰相肚里能撑船。人非圣贤孰能无过？退一步海阔天空 10、全选 11、面试出席婚礼谈判 12、全选 13、合理的 14、包容的精神 15、机智幽默 16、清晨晚10点半以后 17、于约定时间前去朋友家做客 临时起意邀请朋友过来用餐 朋友婚礼赠送礼金 18、主人为客人夹菜相互劝酒客套表示谦虚 19、注重个人隐私把家视为私人的空间 20、于约定时间后五到十分钟到达准时到达 第四章单元测试 1、情景语境文化语境 2、是否已婚收入财产 3、百年好合 4、外语能力语用能力文化背景知识 5、口语交际书面语交际 6、含蓄隐晦间接 7、表情空间沉默 8、低语境国家 9、日本墨西哥 10、老乡观念强邻里关系紧密战友关系紧密对家族观念强 11、参与模式 12、全选 13、互动频繁可以当面争执 14、. 健康婚姻年薪 15、全选 第五章单元测试 1、非语言交际 2、音量的大小语速的快慢语速的轻重 3、品牌标识交通标识 4、口头形式文字形式 5、言谈 6、商务政务
大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案完整版
期末考试范围 ? 1. 阅读理解2篇（20%） ? 2. 选词填空：15个句子（15个备选项，课后的key concepts,概念的词为主。（15%） ?eg: ———the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue. ? 3. 简答题：课后comprehension questions和case study( 课内或者稍微改动的）。（25%） 4. 实用写作：一封信什么的（格式）（10%） 5. 写作：给出某个文化现象观点，运用所学文化差异进行评论 （comment)。（30%） 如: 说给一个关于教育的话题（文化现象），我们要用所学的中 美教育差异进行评论，议论文形式。 价值观，家庭观，社会关系朋友观，饮食观，教育观，时间观等 篇目：Unit1: A B C Unit2 A Unit3 A B Unit5A Unit6A Unit7 A Unit10 B Unit1 A Key concepts reservation: 谦逊的coldness: 冷静的 modesty：谦虚的 humor：幽默的 sportsmanship：运动员精神 Q1、what is a reserved person like? Answer: A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. Q2、what is the character of the Englishmen? Answer: reserved 、humor、modesty、cold、sportsmanship. Q3、what is sportsmanship? Answer: sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules, while al so showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. Case study Q、What made the British feel quite unhappy in this situation?
跨文化交际(英文版)
Cross –cultural communication Thesis statement: This paper is mainly talking about the culture differences between several countries. Outline: Chapter 1: Language and culture in communication Chapter2: Culture shock Chapter3: What’s in a name? Chapter4: Social interaction Chapter 5: Roles and relations Chapter6: Non-verbal communication Chapter 7: In other words. Chapter 8: From a primitive Tribe to a Global Village Conclusion Chapter 1: Language and culture in communication There is no denying the fact that out daily lives depend largely on communication, without it we can’t know each other. So, we should come to realize that communication is of great importance. What is communication? In total, communication can be divided into two parts; they are verbal communication and non-verbal communication. However, different people hold different opinions about communication. In general, if there is communication, there must have 4 cases: there are at least two or more people, some contact between communicators, a language shared by communicators, an exchange of information has taken place. I just take the fist one for example. Suppose there is one person, there can’t be communication. Otherwise, he may talk to himself. Communication not just exist in human-beings There are five kinds of communications they are human communication, animal communication, human-animal communication, human machine communication, machine communication. So, Animals and machines can also communicate with each other. For human beings, how can we communicate with each other? Experts say that there are various kinds of communication. Nowadays, there are different kinds of tools for us to communicate .For people we can use telephone and computer to communicate with each other. By them, finally we can receive message. What is social situation? When there are two or more people gather to do a job or an activity, then it creates a social situation. That is to say, an individual working alone can not constitute a social s A social situation may have two definitions. One is given by the community, and the other by the participants. Finally, we should notice that being polite plays a crucial role in
跨文化交际论文题目
1.英文原声电影赏析与跨文化交际能力的培养 2."跨文化非语言交际语用失误研究 3."公示语翻译中的语用失误探析 4.国内广告语言语用失误研究现状与分析 5."全球化语境下跨文化交际失误语用归因 6."跨文化交际中的语用失误类型及对策研究 7."基于礼貌原则的跨文化语用失误分析 8."跨文化言语交际中的语用负迁移 9."浅析化妆品广告中的语用预设 10."中西方饮食文化的比较研究 11."中美时间观之对比 1 2."浅析汉英问候语中的文化差异 13."英汉词汇的文化内涵差异探析 14."英语身体语的交际功能研究 1 5."浅谈英汉身势语的表意功能之差异 16."目标语文化的理解与跨文化交际 1 7."中西文化差异对中国学生英语学生的影响 18."跨文化交际中的文化误读
9."浅析文化差异对商务谈判的影响 20."英语禁忌语的文化内涵异同研究 21."英语学习中的文化习得 2 2."英汉思维模式的差异对跨文化交际的影响 23."外语学习者的思辨能力与跨文化交际之成效 24."培养英语学习者跨文化交际能力之策略 25."英汉道歉语差异及原因 26."中西跨文化礼貌语差异探析 27."英汉语言中礼貌表达法之比较 28."英汉习惯用语的文化内涵探源 29."英语称赞语及其回应的异同研究 3 0."中美（西）家庭教育理念的差异及其对孩子的影响 31."中国英语学习者跨文化交际中的主要障碍研究 32."试析跨文化交际中角色互动的作用 3 3."本土文化与异国文化的冲突对跨文化交际的影响 34."跨文化交际中的时间观差异 35."论跨文化交际中的中西餐桌礼仪
6."关于提升英语专业学生跨文化交际能力的培养 37."涉外婚姻中的中西文化冲突 38."论跨文化广告传播中食品商标的翻译439."多媒体教学与跨文化交际能力的培养40."中西方儿童文学的差异 4 1."中西体育文化的差异及其受全球化发展的影响 42."中西传统休闲文化及其价值观的对比分析 43."简爱与林黛玉不同命运的文化透析 44."国际商务活动中礼貌原则的应用 4 5."论文化背景知识在外语阅读教学中的作用 46."国际商务交际活动中的非语言交际 47."浅析英汉汽车商标的特点及其翻译 48."英汉隐喻差异的文化阐释 49."文化语境下的英汉植物词 50."文化语境下的英汉动物词 51."从体态语探析中西文化差异 52."浅析英汉颜色词的文化内涵 53."文化视野下英语谚语的比较
马克思主义社会科学方法论在跨文化背景下广告英语翻译研究报告中应用
马克思主义社会科学方法论在跨文化背景下的广告 英语翻译研究中的应用 马克思主义社会科学方法论作为一种具体的方法论，不同于历史唯物主义这一一般的哲学方法论，它是在历史唯物主义的社会历史观的基础上形成的，对于具体的社会科学研究具有直接的指导意义。历史唯物主义和马克思主义社会科学方法论之间是一种一般和个别、指导和被指导的关系。历史唯物主义是马克思主义社会科学方法论的基础，它为马克思主义社会科学方法论提供一般的方法论指导，而马克思主义社会科学方法论是历史唯物主义在社会科学研究领域的具体化。历史唯物主义和马克思主义社会科学方法论是处于不同层次的两种方法论，它们对于具体的社会科学研究都具有指导作用, 但历史唯物主义对具体的社会科学研究只具有总体而间接的指导作用，而马克思主义社会科学方法论对于具体的社会科学研究则具有直接指导作用。因而马克思主义社会科学方法论是联结历史唯物主义和具体的社会科学研究的中间环节和桥梁。 对于具体的社会科学研究具有直接指导作用的马克思主义社会科学方法论,既不同于传统社会科学方法论,也不同于作为一般哲学方法论的历史唯物主义,它是在积极扬弃传统社会科学方法论研究成果的基础上,以历史唯物主义社会历史观(其核心是具体的社会实践观>为基础,通过融合传统社会科学方法论中人文科学方法论和自然科学方法论、方法论个人主义和方法论整体主义构建而成的。 1. 马克思主义社会科学方法论
马克思主义社会科学方法论指的是由马克思主义经典作家马克思恩格斯所创立的关于社会科学研究的基本方法论，这个基本方法论主要体现在马克思主义的唯物史观之中。 1.1马克思社会科学方法论基础 马克思社会科学方法论的基础是唯物史观。 唯物史观的独特贡献在于，论证了人类物质资料的生产和再生产是社会发展的前提和基础。“物质生活的生产方式制约着整个社会生活、政治生活和精神生活的过程。不是人们的意识决定人们的存在，相反，是人们的社会存在决定人们的意识。”这一历史理论不过是把人们的思想从神圣的天国拉回到粗糙的尘世，使种种抽象的思辨和神秘的理论归于平常，归于生活。 1.2马克思社会科学方法论主要内容 马克思主义的辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义既是其世界观，又是其方法论。在此基础上，具体化为从实践出发的方法、社会系统研究方法、社会矛盾分析方法、社会主体研究方法、社会过程研究方法、社会认识与评价方法、世界历史的研究方法等等，除此之外，还有逻辑和历史一致的方法、归纳与演绎的方法、分析与综合的方法、抽象与具体的方法、主客相统一的辩证方法、历史合力的研究方法、“人本”和“物本”相统一的方法等。马克思主义的社会科学方法论是一个创造性的开放体系，人类在社会认识和社会实践中所创造的一切合理的方法，马克思主义都应该在积极地予以借鉴和吸收。
跨文化交际 期末复习资料
Part 1 Comprehensive Check （15*2）每课的练习A Part 2 Multiple Choice （25*1）每课的练习E复习题的变体；另外请中看第五章 Part 3 E-C Translation（10*1）每课的练习C Part 4 Term-matching（10*1） Part 5 Multiple function（5*5）其中三道是简答题，两道是案例分析。 Terms/questions: 1. Economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. 2. Barber system –Farming communities traded their surplus produce in exchange for products and services without the medium of money. –Human society has always traded goods across great distances. 3. Global village：real time events 、the time and space compression –All the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the Internet. 4. Melting-pot大熔炉: a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities. 5. Diversity: refers to the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong. 6. Intercultural communication: refer to communication between people whose cultural backgrounds are distinct enough to alter their communication event. Perception 7. Culture: can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture. Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people 8. Enculturation(文化习得): all the activities of learning one’s culture are called enculturation 9. Acculturation(文化适应): the process which adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity between the two cultures. 10. Ethnocentric(文化中心主义):the belief that your own cultural background is superior. 11. Communication: mean to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge. 12. Components of Communication： Source交际邀请 The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate. Encoding编码 Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately), humans are not able to share thoughts directly. Your communication is in the form of a symbol representing the idea you desire to communicate. Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol. Message编码信息 The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process, the verb; the message is the resulting object. Channel交际渠道 The term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.
文化差异与跨文化交际2019
本文内容详情如下： 1.1丝绸之路 1 中西方文化交流的历史源远流长，历史上有一条连接东西方文明古国的通道被称之为“丝绸之路”。“丝绸之路”的得名是由（D）提出的。 A、张骞 B、汉和帝 C、汉武帝 D、李希霍芬 2 “丝绸之路”曾作为连接中西方的重要通道发挥着重要的作用。不发挥的作用主要是指（B）。 A、贸易作用 B、军事作用 C、外交作用 D、文化交流作用 3
“丝绸之路”加强了东西方的贸易往来。通过“丝绸之路”中国没将（B）运输到东南亚、南亚、东非以及欧洲各国。 A、瓷器 B、茶叶 C、香料 D、丝绸 4 古代丝绸之路不仅指陆上丝绸之路，还包括海上丝绸之路。对 5 通过丝绸之路，中国人将四大发明传到欧洲；西方人将印度哲学、阿拉伯的历法和医术传入中国，促进了中西方文化的交流。对 1.2东西方文化传播 1 佛教传入中国后对中国文化的影响巨大。中国历史上就曾修建过许多反映佛教文化的石窟，其中下面那个不是敦煌莫高窟与（A）并称为中国四大石窟。 A、固原须弥山石窟 B、天水麦积山石窟 C、洛阳龙门石窟
D、大同云冈石窟 2 希腊著名数学家、物理学家阿基米德的《方法论》手稿重写本经美国科学家研究终于在X射线下回复了原有内容。A A、对 B、错 3 张骞第二次出使西域大获成功，受到了汉武帝的称赞，被封为太中大夫。A A、对 B、错 4 马可?波罗著的《马可·波罗游记》记述了他在东方最富有的国家——中国的所见所闻，激起了欧洲人对东方的热烈向往。后来这本书在欧洲非常畅销。错 5 公元3到13世纪，欧洲各国普遍使用羊皮纸书写文件，从14世纪起羊皮纸逐渐被中国的纸所取代，羊皮纸从此退出历史舞台。错
新编跨文化交际英语教程_参考题答案Unit_3
Unit 3 Cultural Diversity Reading I Different Lands, Different Friendships Comprehension questions 1. Why is it comparatively easy to make friends in the United States? Because few Americans stay put for a lifetime. With each move, forming new friendship becomes a necessity and part of their new life. 2. Do people from different countries usually have different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being? Yes. The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is their different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being. 3. How is friendship in America different from friendship in West Europe? In West Europe, friendship is quite sharply distinguished from other, more casual relationships, is usually more particularized and carries a heavier burden of commitment, while in America the word “friend” can be applied to a wide range of relationship and a friendship may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring. 4. In what country does friendship have much to do with one’s family? And in what country does it not? In Germany, friendship has much to do with one‘s family as friends are usually brought into the family, while in France it doesn’t as, for instance, two men may have been friends for a long time without knowing each other‘s personal life. 5. What is friendship like when it is compartmentalized? For instance, a man may play chess with a friend for thirty years without knowing his political opinions, or he may talk politics with him for as long a time without knowing about his personal life. Different friends fill different niches in each person’s life. 6. What are friendships usually based on in England? English friendships are based on shared activity. Activities at different stages of life may be of very different kinds. In the midst of the activity, whatever it may be, people fall into steps and find that they participate in the activity with the same easy anticipation of what each will do day by day or in some critical situation. 7. Do you think friendship shares some common elements in different cultures? If you do, what are they?