2015年职称英语考试用书

2015年职称英语考试用书
2015年职称英语考试用书

2015年职称英语考试用书

2014年职称英语考试真题、模拟题尽收其中,千名业界权威名师精心解析,精细化试题分析、完美解析一网尽!在线做题就选针题库:https://www.360docs.net/doc/4514017672.html,/oXVZF

词汇题一般情况下仅凭字典一般也能做对,因此考生对自己不认识、不熟悉或没有绝对把握的题一定要通过字典来确认,从而确保词汇题100%的正确率。这里特别提醒考生,考试时要带上一本带有同义词的词典。且词典不能含有职称、考试等字样,更不能带电子词典。

二、阅读判断:

答题时需掌握一条原则,就是在文章中有明确提出的才能确定为对。题目中若出现must、only、all、always等时,答案一般不会是对的。

除上面的原则外,一般根据下列原则和规律也可以确定正确答案。选择A、B或C的三种情况:

1. 选A的情况:如果某题干与原文信息完全一致或基本一致

2. 选B的情况:如果某题干与原文信息完全相反

3. 选C的情况:如果某题干部分或局部信息在原文中未提到

三、概括大意和完成句子:

概括大意https://www.360docs.net/doc/4514017672.html,/要先看选项,寻找关键词,确定所考段落。完成句子则要根据所给的短句进行选择,比较好的方法是找同类动词。

同时读每段话时,要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇,正确答案常常是主题句的改写。读每段话时,并不是该段话全要仔细阅读。这样,既浪费时间,也不容易抓住重点。应该抓住该段话的主题句。

四、阅读理解:

首先要重点掌握教材上的阅读理解的重点文章的背诵,来抓住出自教材上的分数,这是顺利通过考试很关键的一步。

同时充分利用职称英语解题技巧,如关键词回归定位法通过做模拟试题来进行解题技巧的演练和应用。

在做题时要注意:搞清主旨题、细节题、推理题、逻辑关系题、观点态度题。注意标题、首尾段、首尾句、逻辑关系处、细节处等出题点;在阅读时见到日期、数量等要先做好标记,这样有重点有理有节的解题,才有可能取得满意的成绩。

五、补全短文:

要先看标题定文体,再看选项,观察选项时应注意抓主干,猜大意,弄清选项大意是表示定义、因果、例子还是措施;不要放过代词、专用名字、连接词、数字等特征词;然后回头再去看课文,明确1-5的位置。

解每道题时只需要阅读该题所在段落,不需要阅读其他段落。往往通过阅读该题目的前后句就能够确定答案,在考试时,应该注意利用以下前后句子存在的关系来做题:

(1)利用转折关系

(2)利用归纳总结关系

(3)利用总分关系

(4)利用并列关系

六、完形填空:

(1)掌握教材上的文章内容,尤https://www.360docs.net/doc/4514017672.html,/其是2014年新增文章。把这些文章在考前一个月内,争取背到“滚瓜烂熟”,这样,就算考试时怎样变化都可以应付。

(2)语法知识的总结和固定搭配、词组的记忆。这样在做题时,阅读整篇文章,考生才能从头判断每个空所缺的词的语言形式,如词类、时态、语态,并判断该词应具有的符合文章上下文的词义,最后从给出的四个选项中,选出在语法与词义上均与原文相符合的一个。

除掌握以上解题技巧外,考生最好配合在模拟真实的考试时间进行模拟试题的演练,这样不但可以直接掌握复习效果,还可以迅速找到自己的薄弱环节,通过单项训练,逐一提高成绩的目的。

首先充足的复习时间很重要,尤其是对于那些底子薄,年龄大的考生。在这里我们建议大家不要等国家统一的教材和大纲,因为新版教材和大纲往往都在12月底或者明年的1月初才会开始发售,而到那时据考试就剩下3个月的时间了,对于考生而言,这3个月是不够的,所以我们要提前开始复习。在复习材料上我们建议考生暂时先以2014年版的教材为基础,因为根据以往的经验每一年的教材和考试大纲不会发生很大的变化,所以以2014年的教材为主复习应该不会有错。

在复习内容上,专家有以下几点建议: 1.在开始学习时要先入门,要先了解一下职称英语的题型概况和解题技巧,以一个整体的眼光去正确的审视职称英语考试,以一个良好的心态来准备复习。 2.在教材和大纲还没有下发之前,建议考生先看一些基本的词汇和基本的句型,这些内容无论是什么样的考试大纲都是最基础的内容。但是我们提醒大家千万不要抱着一本高频词典每天死记硬背,这样效果肯定不会太好。建议现阶段学习时应多注意两个方面:

(1)最常见的动词介词的用法。在网校职称英语频道的复习资料里我们给大家总结了职称英语考试各个类别经常用到的词汇,大家可以去参考一下。

(2)着重复习句型与句法,尤其是复合句的构成及一些关系代词和关系副词的使用。在职称英语的国家教材和试卷中,不管是何种题材和内容,作为正式文体,其中的长句比比皆是,不熟悉英文的构句方式,行文习惯,即使认识每个单词也可能读得一头雾水,似是而非。

(3)多数考生工作比较繁忙,下班后只想休息缺少学习环境与动力,如果自学恐怕有些困难,我们建议有条件的考生可以参加我们的网络课程进行学习,每天学习2个小时左右。调查显示:每天学习一个小时的效果会好于周末连续一整天的学习。即使是基础特别差的考生,现在着手准备,每天学习2小时,明年考试顺利通过也是不成问题的。

2015年考试职称备考已然拉开帷幕,从现在开始复习,大致可以分成三个阶段:

第一阶段,基础巩固和强化复习阶段从7月初到12月末左右,考生在恢复和巩固词汇和语法知识的基础上,重点复习职称英语考试教材,主要掌握考试教材上的内容,包括各个题型的解题技巧等。

第二阶段,冲刺复习阶段从明年1月初到2月底,这个阶段考生一定要把国家教材上的东西基本上全部搞会。该背的背,该记的记,除了进一步复习国家教材以外,要做一些职称英语历年真题和模拟试题的演练,提高一下自己的解题技巧的能力。

第三阶段,串讲复习阶段在考试前20多天,考生要进行最后一轮的全面复习,重点复习教材上的重点文章,把职称英语六种题型解题技巧进行总结和归纳,做到“两手抓,两手都要硬”,这样才能确保顺利通过职称考试。

现在是7月,距2015年职称英语考试还有8个多月,别以为备考时间还有很长,钟表可以回到起点,但我们永远回不去昨天。所以请大家珍惜每一天,趁我们还有梦想,趁我们还能努力,我们一起做一件让自己感动的事——备考2015职称英语考试,过职称,升职加薪不是梦!顺利通过也是不成问题的。

职称外语各语种考试大纲未作修整,仍可继续使用。职称外语考试用书在原来版本的基础上做了调和修订。新修订的英语考试用书仍分为综合、理工、卫生三个专业。

新教材变化情况【职称英语三个类别(综合类、理工类、卫生类)】

1.职称英语三个类别中的词汇选项、补全短文这两个题型的文章篇目均未作任何改变,与2012年职称英语教材文章一致;

2.职称英语三个类别中的阅读理解题型文章均有变化:

1) 综合类更新了2篇文章,仅是C类新增2篇文章(与2012年相比);

2) 理工类和卫生类均更新3篇文章:

①理工类C级更新2篇,理工类A级更新1篇,理工类B级无更新;

②卫生类每个级别更新1篇(与2012年相比);

3)综合类:C级2012年已考文章均未删减;

理工类:B级和A级2012年已考文章均未删减;

卫生类:A、B、C三个级别2012年已考文章均未删减;

3.职称英语三个类别中的完型填空文章变化情况:

①综合类:无更新(但2012年已考文章均未删减)

②理工类:更新3篇(C级2篇,A级1篇)

③卫生类:更新3篇文章,每个级别各更新1篇文章。(但B级和A级里2012年已考文章均未删减)⒋职称英语三个类别中的阅读判断题型文章变化:

①综合类:C级和B级均各更新一篇;

②理工类和卫生类:均未更新;

5、职称英语三个类别中的概括大意与完成句子文章变化:

①综合类:仅C级更新一篇;

②理工类和卫生类:均未更新;

一定要重视教材。人事部指定或者推荐的这本教材中会有30到45分,如果能把这30到45分扎扎实实拿下,基本上问题不大,如果把这45分全部拿到,就差15分就可以过关,所以还是比较轻松的,也就是说职称英语考试还是有一个范围的。

对于职称英语考试,排名第一重要的应该是重视国家指定教材,国家指定教材中有每年新增文章、有旧文章,会有30到45分,这个分数一定要拿下。

教材名称:《全国职称英语等级考试用书》

人力资源和社会保障部人事考试中心和国家外国专家局培训中心组编

出版社:中国人事出版社

(二)字典职称英语考试中,有一道15分的大题,用查字典就能轻松突破,等于是送分题,因此,选择一本好的字典就非常重要了。我们建议考生,平时一定要多练习查字典,提高查字典的速度。

(三)历年真题认真研究历年真题,研究历年真题是寻找出题者命题规律、以及解题技巧与方法,这个对我们将近55分或者70分会有帮助,所以应该两手抓两手都要硬,这两个哪个都不能少。但是作为复习的入手应该从教材入手,不应该从历年真题入手,因为历年真题是你已经达到这个水平了应该做的题,所以还是应该从教材入手,都应该偏重。

(四)模拟题

模拟题不需要做太多,三月初开始做,主要是熟悉考场节奏,时间控制,训练“考感”。

我们的职称英语指定教材有三百多页,光阅读理解就有50篇文章,阅读判断、概括大意完成句子、补全短文、完型填空各15篇,特别对于A级考生来说文章数量大,如何集中有效的时间和精力在最重要的文章上呢?关注新增文章:大家要利用这段时间把2013年新增的文章,尤其是本类别新增的文章要仔细认真的进行背诵和复习,在背诵文章时,应注意以下三点:

(1)背诵每个题目的答案,不能只记ABCD

(2)关注文章的中文内容,为换题做准备;

(3)要全面重点背诵三个类别中新增的15篇文章,防止串考现象。注意一下我们考试的新动向,就是说可能会出现串类考试的情况,比如说今年的卫生B、理工B考了综合B的文章,会串类考试。对比如明年要参加考试的考生,还要注意一件事,假如考卫生的同学,除了看卫生的,还要看理工和综合的文章,所以还要关注一下其他类别的新增文章。

还要注意一下换题,你把阅读理解或者阅读理解光把答案记下来是没有用的,就是说可能会换一道题或者两道题,所以对于重点文章我们做的最主要的工作,对于重点文章我们还应该把英文彻底看懂,或者每个教材后面都有一个中文翻译,把这个中文翻译老老实实的看明白。

因此,每位职称英语考生不但需要把文章搞清楚,而且要把文章读的滚瓜烂熟。重点文章最好还是背诵下来。当你把文章完全背诵下来的时候,不管完型考试中出现什么样的题目,都没有问题的。

职称英语用书

阅读理解:第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Tumor C级 The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking ,said medical experts after a five-year research study . Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women. According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else .Following breast cancer ,it has the second-highest incidence rate. “An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer ,” said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center. He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1,483 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report. However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat. About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchens. However , local women were adjacent to then cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer .come claimed they may change food preparation methods. “Unless my family and I don/t eat at home every day , I must stay in the kitchen to cook,” said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.” Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems. Other experts agreed with He. “Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,” said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University’s Medical College. “It’s true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.” He’s research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used. The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said. 练习: 1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers? D A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women. B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men. C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males. D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females. 2. Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai? B A Heart disease. B Breast cancer. C Infectious diseases. D Lung cancer. 3. What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes? A

2015年职称英语综合A真题及答案汇总

2015综合A真题及答案 第一部分词汇选项 1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class a. control b. observe c. regulate d. accept 2 .she showed a natural aptitude for the work. a. sense b. talent c. flavor d. taste 3. most people find rejection hard to accept. a. Excuse b. client c. refusal d. destiny 4. The organization was bold enough to face the press. a. Pleased b. powerful c. brave d. sensible 5. They were locked in mortal combat. a. Deadly b. open c. actual d. active 6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money. a. Amount b. supply c. tempt d. sum 7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent. a. Clear b. necessary c. special d. correct 8. The stock exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling. a. Service b. danger c. disorder d. threat 9 .He believed that Europe must change or it will perish. A. Survive b. last c. die d. move 10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. a. Fair b. full c. coexisting d. public 11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture. a. Policy b. value c. equality d. integration 12. A salesman’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers. a. Principal b. official c. simple d. legal 13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation. a. Silence b. praise c. assure d. complain 14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fear. a. Emotional b. nervous c. terrible d. continuous 15. The starving children were a pathetic sight. a. Common b. unexpected c. unforgettable d. pitiful

2015年职称英语考试综合类B级试题及参考答案

2015职称英语综合类B级真题答案(词汇选项) 第1部分词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D .sensible 2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. She's extremely competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious

2013年考试用书职称英语考试用书新增文章(理工B)

第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach Our senses aren’t just delivering 汪strict view of what’s going on in the world;they’re affected by what’s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who’ve just eaten. Psychologists have known for decades that what’s going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis,France,wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain’s high-level thinking processes get involved.Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then theywere told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten. For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word,each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they’d seen —a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it. Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception ,not in thinking processes, Radel says. “This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs,” Radel says. 词汇: threshold n.起点,开端;门槛 disposal n.处理,处置;配置 neutral adj.中性的;中立的 motive n.动机,目的 strive v.努力,力求;斗争注释: 1. Our senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of ... in our heads:这个句子的大概意思是:我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界;五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响。 2. University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis:法国尼斯?索菲亚?安提波利斯大学,简称尼斯大学,1965年经法国政令正式宣布成立。尼斯大学在尼斯市设有7处主校园,另外,还在索菲亚?安提波利斯市(Sophia Antipolis)、戛纳市(Cannes)和芒东市(Menton)设有校区。索菲亚?安提波利斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区,是许多髙等学府的所在地。 3. body mass index:身体质量指数 4. at the threshold of:当……快要开始时 5. in perception:感知 6. at the disposal of:受到……的控制 练习: 1. What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find? A Hungry people see every word more clearly than ordinary people. B Hungry people are always thinking of food-related words. C Hungry people are more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people. D Hungry people do not have lower-level of thinking process. 2. Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment? A Because hungry people needed time to fill their stomach. B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees, hungry and non-hungry. C Because noon was not the right time for any experiment. D Because Radel needed time to select participants in terms of body mass index. 3. What does the writer want to tell us? A Human9s senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world. B What’s perceived by our senses affects our way of thinking. C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs. D Thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses. 4. What did the results of the experiment indicate? A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive. B Hungry people were better at identifying neutral words. C People who had just eaten were better at identifying food-related words. D The participants could barely perceive what they needed or what they strived for. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation. B An experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable. C Our thinking processes are independent of our senses. D Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes. 答案与题解: 1. C第一段第二句是本题答案的依据。饥肠辘辘的人只是看food-related words比较清楚,选项C的句意与上述句子的意思完全一致,是答案。选项A说的是every word, 所以不是答案。选项B和D文章中没有提到。 2. B答案的根据可在第三段找到。Radel为了保证42名学生到达实验室时是空腹,所以要求他们中午到达。然后告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了,请他们10分钟后再来。他又请另外一部分学生用午餐。Radel用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者,即饥饿组与饱食组。选项B是答案。 3. C 虽然A、B、D选项均可在文中找到对应部分,但只属于细节,而非主旨,因此不能选。本文最后一句给出了直接的答案。 4. A第四段第三行中consciously与A项中的intentionally是同义词。B项neutral意思为“中性的”,在本文中的意思是与food-related相对的,即“与食物不相关的”,因此是错误选择; C 项不符合课文原意; D项barely意为“仅仅,勉强,几乎没有”,因此也不符合句意。 5. D选项A所说的实验样本的大小与本题主旨无关,不是答案,而是干扰项;B、C内容也不能直接从短文中推断出来。选项D是答案。最后一段第二句的“Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for”为选择D 项提供了依据。 第十一篇我们的视觉服务于我们的胃口 我们的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界;还受大脑活动的影响。一项新研究发现:比起那些刚刚用过餐的人,饥饿的人能更清晰地看到与食品有关的词。 数十年以来,心理学家已经知道我们的心理活动直接影响到我们的视觉。例如,贫穷的孩子看到的硬币比实际的要大;饥饿的人看到的食物图片更明亮。法国的尼斯?索菲亚?安提波利斯大学试图调查这一现象:发生这种情况的时间是在大脑从眼睛接收到视觉信号的即时还是稍后些,这时高级思维活动已经介入了。 雷戴尔招募了健康指数正常的42位学生作为被试者。在测试的当天,每个学生被告知在中午到达实验室,这时距上一次的用餐时间有3?4个小时。等他们到达实验室时,他们被告知实验时间有延迟。一半学生被告知十分钟后再回来;其余的给1个小时的时间先吃午饭。所以一半学生饿着肚子,另一半学生饱腹参加了此次实验。 实验的步骤如下:要求被试者看电脑屏幕。屏幕上的80个字以1/300秒的频率闪动。由于字体非常之小,被试者只能凭感觉捕捉到字形。1/4的字是与食物有关的。每闪动一个字,被试者回答字体的亮度并选择看到的是哪类词:一类是和食物有关的词,比如“蛋糕”;一类是中性词,比如“船”。由于每个词的闪动在瞬间完成,被试者根本看不清楚那个词是什么。 饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词更明亮,且能更好地辨认出与食物有关的词。由于每个词的闪动太快,其实那些被试者根本不会确切地看到什么,这就说明:他们只是感觉不同,根本没经过思考。雷戴尔给出了这样的解释。 雷戴尔说:“这就是重点所在。人类可以真正感知到自身的需要或者为之奋斗的目标。该实验使我了解这样的事实,即我们的大脑是受我们的动机和需要所支配的。” 第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience Shimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech’s Center for Music Technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback. The smartphone-enabled, one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “musical friend”. “Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music,”said Professor Gil Weinberg, the robot’s creator. He will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco. A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements. Shimi is essentially a docking station with a “brain”powered by an Android phone. Once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user’s mobile device. In other words, if there’s an “app”for that, Shimi is ready. For instance, by using the phone’s camera and face-detecting software,Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its “ears”,or speakers, for optimal sound. Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phone’s musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion. Once the music starts,Shimi dances to the rhythm. “Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions, said Music Technology Ph. D. candidate Mason Bretan. “Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive. ’’Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume. The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the user’s song choices and provide feedback on the music play list. Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimi’s creative and interactive capabilities. “I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes.” Weinberg said. Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement with Georgia Tech. Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season. “If robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines一small, entertaining and fun,,,Weinberg said. “They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.” 词汇: pump v.用抽水机抽;不断播放(音乐) scan v.扫描;浏览 skip v.轻跳,跳跃 sync n.同步,同时;v.使同步 tempo n.速度;节奏 注释: 1. Georgia Tech:全称是Georgia Institute of Technology,佐治亚理工学院,建于1885 年,位于亚特兰大市中心。佐治亚理工学齒是美国南部最大的公立理工学院,也是全美最顶尖的理工学院之一,排名仅次于麻省理工学院(MIT)和加州理工学院(CalTech)。 2. pump:不断播放(音乐)。例如:This radio station recently pumps out pop music. (这家广播电台近来连续播放流行音乐。) 3. smartphone-enabled:由智能手机系统支持的 4. is billed as:相当于is advertised as,意为“被标榜为”。

2015年全国职称英语考试通关必备利器理工类A级教材牛津英语同义词字典版

M Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities A new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao. She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and urban development. She warns that many of the world’s fast -growing urban areas, especially in developing countries, will likely1 suffer from the impacts of changing climate. Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. These gases are known to affect the atmosphere. “Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. “But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents. ” Cities are major sources of greenhouse gases. And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao’s findings3 highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term benefits The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat heavily paved cities more than surrounding areas. The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment. For example, a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution, causing widespread health problems. Poorer neighborhoods that may lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads, are especially vulnerable to natural disasters. Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing without access to reliable drinking water, roads and basic services. Local governments,therefore,should take measures to protect their residents. “Unfortunately, they tend to move towards rhetoric rather than meaningful responses,” Romero Lankao writes. “They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don’t emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile, use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands-off approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of’ climate change on cities. Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London suggest in a new study. Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy “LDL ” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data4 has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person ’s heart attack risk In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology, Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake. Dr Francis, from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, who is the senior author of the study, said: “Statins don ’t cut out all of the unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries. It ’s better to avoid fatty food altogeth er. But we’ve worked out that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack, taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fast food meal increases it. ” It ’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condiments in fast food outlets as they like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge. It would cost less than 5 pence per customer —— not much different to a sachet of sugar, “ Dr Francis said. When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they ’re encouraged to take measures that lower their risk, like wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a stain is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal. Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat. That ’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it ,s also a space problem :photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications. In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s Universi ty, Canada." Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon , but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon,commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don ’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately ,thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.

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