英语专业八级历年真题翻译题答案

英语专业八级历年真题翻译题答案
英语专业八级历年真题翻译题答案

1)1996

C-E原文:

在巴黎,名目繁多的酒会,冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识,如果是亚洲人,他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方,这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而,法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片,双方见面寒暄几句,甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开,只有当双方谈话投机,希望继续交往时,才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些勉强。

注释:

酒会wine part/cocktail part 冷餐会buffet reception/part; cold dish part是This represents the general trend of development and the common aspiration of the people.()这是大势所趋,人心所向)/Innovation sustains the progress of a nation.(创新是一个民族进步的灵魂) 毕恭毕敬地very respectfully/politely名片name card/calling card/visitingcard/business card呈递present/offer/hand over对方interlocutor/other side; other party;opposite side这好像是不可缺少的礼节This seems to be the required courtesy on their part(增词)不可缺少的necessary; indispensable; essential; required礼节courtesy; formality; etiquette; ritual主动be ready with sth/take the initiative in doing sth/do sth on one’s own initiative/do sth 0f one’s own accord/offer to do sth/volunteer to do sth/being willing to do sth/do sth willingly/voluntarily递送名片/掏出名片exhange (one’s) cards寒暄几句exchange routine/conventional greatings; greet each other; make small talk海阔天空地聊一番chat freely/randomly/casually/aimlessly about any topic; talk about anything各自走开excuse oneself; simply walk away谈话投机talk agreeably; become deely engrossed/engaged/involved in the conversation; like each other二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些勉强It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way/It would seem somehow bizarre if a person offers his name card without saying anything to the stranger in the first place.

参考译文:

In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasions, strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully and with both hands, present their calling cards to their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This seems to be the required courtesy on their part. The French, however, usually are not so ready with such a formality. Both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about any topic and then excuse themselves. Only when they find they like each other and hope to further the relationship will they exchange cards. It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way.

E-C英译汉

原文:

It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation’s ec onomy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling

communication skills. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America – a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government.

注释:

backdrop: background. hospitable: favorable. lavishly: abundantly/ pentifully/generously. top-flight: first classstaff竞选班子

参考译文:

这应该不是件难事。这都是些跟着里根多年、久经沙场的老将,他们跟共和党则有更深厚的渊源,是这个国家里最熟悉总统政治的人。竞选的背景也很有利,也很多好消息可供炒作。例如,美国上下一片和平,美国经济这一竞选要素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后开始强劲反弹。此外,这次竞选本身得到了慷慨资助,因此有充裕的资用于组织一流的竞选班子、支付巡回演讲和电视广告的费用。而最重要的一点是,他们的候选人是罗纳德·里根,他可是位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧的总统。自约翰·F·肯尼迪总统以来,里根是最成功地勾勒出美国蓝图的总统:一个军事力量复兴、富有个人进取心、联邦政府得以精简的国家。

2)1997

原文:

来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样,大多非常刻苦勤奋,周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班,因而比起美国学生来,成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人,嗜烟好酒,脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识,也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此,在他实验室所招的学生中,除有一名来自德国外,其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌:“本室助研必须每周工作7天,早10时至晚12时,工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的,在我所呆的3年半中,共有14位学生被招进他的实验室,最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天,我不顾别人劝阻,硬着头皮接受了导师的资助,从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。

注释:

求学make a further study; pursue a further education亚裔of Asian origin/descent;Asian抽出spend; spare加班work overtime; work extra hours/shifts; do extra/overtime work成果出得较多produce/achieve/make more academic achievements/fruits; be more academically fruitful/productive导师superivsor /advisor/tutor嗜烟好酒be a heavy smoker and drinker; smoked and drank heavily; be addicted to cigarettes and alcohols脾气暴躁be hot-tempered; have a violent/fiery/sharp/irritable temper; quick-/short-tempered; with a fiery temper; in bad temper勤奋diligence; industry; hard work扎实strong (knowledge); solid (foundation); sound; down-to-earth; steady心理pschology; mentality; mind; what one has in his mind招enroll; admit; recruit干脆simply; even贴put up(a singborad); paste (a notice)醒目eye-catching; striking; conspicuous招牌notice; sign; sing borad助研research assistant工作时间working hours; work hours; working time全力以赴nothing but work; spare no efforts (to work); exert oneself (to work); do one’s utmost/best; go all out (to work) 严格strictness; rigor; severity; stringency; rigidity苛刻harshness; sternness; severity不顾disregard; ignore; in defiance of; in spite of; regardless of; turn a deaf ear to; without giving any thought to劝阻dissuasion硬着头皮force oneself to do sth (against one’s own will); do sth against one’s own will); brace oneself to do sth (against one’s will); toughen one’s scalp; take courage; put a bold face on it; summon

up courage

参考译文:

Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, working overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful. My supervisor is of Asian origin. He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp/irritable temper. Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read, ―All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.. Nothing but work during the working hours.‖ This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed until they graduated with their Ph.D. degrees. In the summer of 1990, ignoring the dissuasions from others, I accepted my supervisor’s sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.

原文:

Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society’s power of choice. W e can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.

注释:

abdicate (ab-: away from/from off/apart; -dicat-: proclaim. e.g. abnormal/abduct[lead + away诱拐/劫持)

参考译文:

聆听歌剧,无疑昂贵至极。但是,昂贵的事物并非必定属于富人的范畴,除非我们放弃社会的选择权。我们可以选择去使歌剧以及其他某些昂贵的文化形式也能为那些不具备个人支付能力的人所享受。但问题是,我们有必要这么做吗?没人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育的不可或缺性。但即便是在史前时代的洞穴中,人类伸出手来,早就不单纯是为了吃、喝或搏杀,而且亦进行绘画创作。人类对于文化的冲动,通过形象思维和再现手段来表现并探索世界的欲望,乃亘古有之。在欧洲,这一欲望在我们的音乐、艺术、文学和戏剧杰作中寻找到了其实现形式。这些杰作构成了我们全部努力的试金石。作为试金石,它们能衡量出人类的思想和想象力所可能企及的程度。它们携带着最寓意深刻的主题,可在人类彼此间相互传递。

3)1998

原文:

这次到台湾访问交流,虽然行程匆匆,但是,看了不少地方,访了旧友,交了新知,大家走到一起,谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中,有着各自不同的生活经历,但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记,都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。在世纪之交的伟大时代,我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强,海峡两岸人民也将加强交流,共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪,这是我们必须回答的问题。

注释:

访问交流(the present/current) visit (to Taiwan) for exchange (注意词语间逻辑关系,汉语意合,英语形合) 看了不少地方has enabled us to see many places/we have seen many places(注意汉语中主语的省略,汉语意合) 中华民族在21世纪的强盛how the Chinese nation can become powerful and prosperous/the powerfulness and prosperity of the Chinese nation/how to make the Chinese nation strong and prosperous in the 21th century/how to make the Chinese nation strong and prosperous大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture/on the very bottom of their hearts is engraved[their hearts are deeply engraved with] a mark of the fine traditions of the Chinese culture/ the fine traditions of the Chinese culture are deeply impressed [inscribed] on their mind [is deeply rooted in their mind]/ the fine traditions of the Chinese culture are firmly born in their hearts振兴中华invigorate/rejuvenate/revitalize/develop vigorously the Chinese nation共同理想same dream/common ideal世纪之交/跨世纪at the turn of the century/at the transitional phase between the two millennia走向繁荣富强on the way [road] to greater strength and prosperity/sriding [deveeloping toward greater prosperity/becoming more powerful and prosperous历史前台the foreground [forefront] of the historical arena [stage] 用什么样的姿态in what way [we should embrace]/what attitude we should have/take [to welcome/meet]

参考译文:

The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts (environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture. They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation (They share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation). In this great epoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness. People across the Taiwan Straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland. The prec ious opportunities and the tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground (forefront) of the historical arena (stage). At this transitional phase

between the two millennia, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer.

Section B原文:

I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive overphrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent —e. g. in painting and music —they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they re ally represent an ―English tradition‖ after all.

To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own —and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.

参考译文:

在某种程度上,我同我心目中的英语读者的观点一致。美国文学史家看待美国文坛的观念也许过于狭隘,误把显著性当作独特性,他们实在是过于夸耀自己的文学,也就是美国文学中那些并非举足轻重的作家。美国人总是在两种极端之间来回摇摆:一方面是炫耀自己文学时的那种咄咄逼人之势;一方面却是那种同样令人遗憾的对英国文学的盲目模仿。而英国人对自己文学的评价也多少有些偏颇。而且,即使在他们成就并不显著的领域,如绘画和音乐,他们同样在两种极端之间摆动:一方面吹嘘本国作品;一方面又模仿欧陆作品。有多少英国绘画竭力使人觉得它们是在巴黎创作的,而我们读到的多少文章竟吹嘘它们是“英国传统”的真正代表。

那么,要谈论美国文学,倒并非意欲断言,它与欧洲文学全然大相径庭。广而言之,美国与欧洲一直同步发展,协调一致。在任何一个特定的时刻,旅行者在两地均能目睹同一样式的建筑实例,相同款式的服饰,书架上相同的书籍。在大西洋两岸,思想如同人员与货物往来一样自由交流,尽管有时会略显迟缓。当我提及美国式的习惯、思想等概念时,我意欲在“美国式的”这一词汇之前加上某种限定,因为欧美(尤其是英美)之间的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已,并且有时候仅仅只是微乎其微的一点程度差异而已。差异的多寡是件极为微妙的事情,这极容易使一个英国人在审视美国时大惑不解。他所审视的那个国家,从某些重要的意义上来说,诞生于他自己的国家,并在某些方面仍与他自己的国家相差无几——然而,它却实实在在是一个异邦。两者间存在着某些古怪的交替重迭,以及令人甚感突兀的陌生感;亲缘关系已让位于一种突如其来的异化与疏远,这种情景仿佛就像我们隔着马路向另

一个人打招呼,结果却从这个人漠无表情的反应中发现,我们原来竟将一个陌生人误认为我们的熟人。

4)1999

Section A原文:

温哥华(Vancouver)的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶,其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀,国土面积比中国还大,人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民,是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说,加拿大除了印第安人外,无一不是外来移民,不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中,有一半不是在本地出生的,每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的,使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。

注释:

温哥华(Vancouver)的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶the glory/splendor /prosperity/brilliance of Vancouver has been achived through the wisdom/intelligence and industry / hard work / diligence of its [her] people/ …is the fruit/product/ achievement/cristalization of the Vancouver people多民族multi-national /multi-ethnic/different nationalities/many ethnic groups/multinationalities加拿大地广人稀sparsely populated, Canada has vast territory/Canda has a vast territroy with a small popution/Canada is large in territory but small in population [with much land and few people; small population for a large area; vast and sparsely populated area] 吸收attract加拿大长期奉行的国策 a national policy long cherished by Canada/ a long-term state policy observed/practised/followed by Canda不同的只是时间长短而已differing only in the length of time they have settled inVancouver/ the only difference is the time…屈指可数very few/can be counted on one’s finger/be rare不是在本地出生的non-natives/not locals [natives] 使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地making/rendering Vancouver the largest place/settlement/region/community beyond / outside Asia where the Chinese live / which the Chinese inhabit

参考译文:

The glory of V ancouver has been achieved through the wisdom and the industry of the V ancouver people, including the contributions of many ethnic groups. Canada, sparsely populated, has a territory larger than that of China, but its population is only less than 30 million. Consequently, to attracting immigrants from other countries has become a national policy long practiced/followed/cherished by Canada. All Canadians except the American Indians, so to speak, are foreign immigrants, differing only in the length of time they have settled in Canada. V ancouver, in particular, is one of the few most celebrated multi-ethnic cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million V ancouver residents, half of them are non-natives and one out of every four residents is from Asia. The 250,000 Chinese there have played a decisive role in the transformation of V ancouver's economy. Half of them have come to settle in V ancouver over the past five years only, rendering V ancouver the largest area outside Asia which the Chinese inhabit.

Section B原文:

In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning

of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.

In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.

Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family —they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.

注释:

propitiate [comfort/soothe/appease]gather the redemptive influence of offspring[希望孩子也能像他们一样生儿育女,把香火传下去,redemptive:gaining the freedom from evil--基督教内涵,中国儒教内涵—不孝有三,无后为大]

参考译文:

在某些社会中,人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因:传宗接代,光宗耀祖,讨好祖辈,使那些涉及到家庭的宗教仪式得以正常进行。此类原因在现代世俗化的社会中似显苍白,但它们在其他地方曾一度构成并确实仍在构成强有力的理由。

此外,有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处,这便是:生儿育女是为了维系或改善婚姻:能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事事;修复或重振婚姻;多子多孙,以为家庭幸福惟有此法。这一点更可以由其反面得到昭示:在某些社会中,无法生儿育女(或无法生育男孩)对婚姻而言是一种威胁,还可作为离婚的现成借口。

后代对于家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。对许多人来说,夫妻两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭——夫妻需要孩子来丰富其两人小天地,赋予该小天地以真正意义上的家庭性质,并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。

孩子需要家庭,但家庭似乎也需要孩子。家庭作为一种社会机构,以其特有的方式,至少从原则上说,可在一个变幻莫测、常常是充满敌意的世界中让人从中获取某种安全、慰藉、保障,以及价值取向。于大多数人而言, 这样的一个家庭基础, 即使从其表层意义上来说, 也需要不止一个人来维持其存在, 并使其时代相传, 生生不息。

5)2000

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比,它先天有些不足,后天也缺乏营养,但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。

世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆,它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆,它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用,但是,它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。

世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里,观众可以自己去动手操作,自己细心体察。这样,他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术,去探索科学技术的奥妙。中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆!它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处,设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品,展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。

注释:

中国科技馆的诞生来之不易the birth [establishment of China Science and Technology Museum is hard-won/hard-earned/not an easy thing/it is not easy [difficult] for …to come into being它先天有些不足,后天也缺乏营养it lacks the resources in technology, science research and professional expertise先天不足inherent shortage/congenital deficiency/inborn weakness后天缺乏营养lack [be lacking in/lack of]nuitrition /malnourished/of malnutrition它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的it grows up with solid achievements and now is ranked among the best museums world wide生物living thing/organism/creature工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果fruits of various stages of industrial civilization/fruits achieved by industrial civilization at different stages of industrialization传播spread/disseminate/diffuse/disperse旁观者spectator /onlooker /bystander/viewer/outsider充满全新理念full of entirely [wholly] new conceptions/completely novel conceptions /brand-new ideas体察oberve and experience奥妙secret/mystery/profoundity/mystique/subtlety汲取incorporate/draw on长处strength/strong point热学thermology; calorifics; thermotics; heat声学acoustics; phonics; aeroacoustics

参考译文(1):

The Chinese Science and Technology Museum as a newcomer does not have an easy start. Compared with those world famous foreign science and technology museums and other kinds of museums, it lacks the resources in technology, science research and professional expertise. However, it grows up with solid achievements and now is ranked among the best museums world wide.

The first generation of museums are what might be called natural museums which, by means of fossils, specimens and other objects, introduced to people the evolutionary history of the Earth and various kinds of organisms. The second generation are those of industrial technologies which presented the fruits achieved by industrial civilization at different stages of industrialization. Despite the fact that those two generations of museums helped to disseminate / propagate / spread scientific knowledge, they nevertheless treated visitors merely as passive viewers.

The third generation of museums in the world are those replete with / full of wholly novel concepts / notions / ideas. In those museums, visitors are allowed to operate the exhibits with their own hands, to observe and to experience carefully. By getting closer to the advanced science and technologies in this way, people can probe into their secret mysteries.

The China Museum of Science and Technology is precisely one of such museums. It has incorporated some of the most fascinating features of those museums with international reputation. Having designed and created exhibits in mechanics, optics, electrical science, thermology, acoustics, and biology, those exhibits demonstrate scientific principles and present the most advanced scientific and technological achievements.

参考译文(2)

The first-generation museums in the world are museums of natural history. With fossils and specimens they introduce to people the evolution of the earth and various living organisms on it. The second-generation museums are those of industrial technology. Fruits of various stages of industrial civilization are on display here. Although these two generations of museums have played the role of spreading scientific knowledge, they regard visitors as passive spectators. The world’s third-generation museums are full of completely new concepts. Here visitors can carry out operations and careful observations themselves. In this way they come closer to advanced achievements in science and technology so as to probe into their mystery.

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

If people mean anything at all by the expression ―untimely death‖, they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely—a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken. History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of MariLarry Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.

注释:

untimely [happening too soon; not suitable for the time or occasion] death早逝run on a better schedule than others:更符合(死亡)时间表的安排。该时间表存在于人间习俗之中,与宿命论中的“天意”、“上天的安排”没有关系。a full one:圆满的一生。the best years lay ahead:根据上下文可以译为“才华尚未施展”。the measure of that life was still to be taken:意为生命价值有待估量,可翻译为“前途无可限量”。[take the measure of : make a judgement/an evaluation of][be still to be taken表示否定,e.g. bombs have fallen and were still to fall, on other cities. 类似还有have yet to do sth, e.g I have yet to hear the story]summer deaths:英年谢世者;在风华正茂时死去的人;在事业鼎盛时期而死的人。whose lives seemed equally brief and complete:此句为MariLyn Monroe and James Deans的定语从句,翻译时可采用分译法,即“此二人生命虽短,却依然完美无缺。”Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year:这又是一个关于同位语翻译的句子,可以在the fact前面加上“这个”、“这座”等词语,即“约翰·济慈年方26便溘然长逝这一事实”;另外,这个句子蕴涵的内容比较丰富,不可以用简单的一句话表达清楚,因此要用增词法,即调整句子结构,补充隐含的内容,可翻译为“诗人约翰·济慈26岁与世长辞,众多作家难以接受,半开玩笑地说,他们自己的生命即便超过26岁,也不过失败二字。” The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue:同上,翻译为“生命短暂即人生未成,这种想法

逻辑欠通,因为,生命的价值尺度是它留在世间的痕迹,是它的质量和美德。”

参考译文(1):

如果人们藉"英年早逝"这一字眼真的意欲表达什么含义的话,他们必然相信某些人的辞世可以算是寿终正寝,而另一些人则"死不逢时" 。死于年迈很少被冠以"死不逢时"之名,因为能度过漫长的一生被认为是甚为圆满的。反之,如果所碰到的是一位年轻人之死,人们会以为这位年轻人风华正茂,前途无可限量,生命的倒计时尚未真正开始。

当然,历史否定这一切。在诸多较为著名的"英年早逝"的情形中,我们会忆起玛丽莲.梦露与詹姆斯.迪恩斯之死,其生命的短暂丝毫无损于其生命的完整性。对于约翰.济慈年方26便溘然长逝这一事实,文人墨客们皆痛不欲生,但他们中仅有半数人诙谐地认为,设若他们也死于这一年龄,其一生可视为失败。视英年早逝为不圆满,这一观念有悖于逻辑,因为衡量生命的尺度乃是留给世界的印记,是生命的力度及其美德。

参考译文(2):

提起英年“早逝”,人们或有所指。人们定会相信有些人死亡的时刻更为适宜。寿终正寝极少称为“早逝”。长寿即意味着生命之完整。但英年早逝常令人感到逝者美好时光尚未到来,一生之评说尚未做出。然而,历史却否认这点,提起杰出的早逝者,人们定会亿起玛丽莲·梦露和詹姆士·迪恩。两人生命短暂,却完美无缺。诗人约翰·济慈26岁与世长辞,作家们对此难以接受。而他们自己过了26岁时却只能半开玩笑地认为今生今世无所作为。生命短暂即未成果这—观念荒谬无理。生命的价值取决于它留给世界的印象、它的贡献及它的美德。

参考译文(3):

说起“早逝”,人们或有所指,他们定然相信有些死亡更合天意。寿终正寝不能称作未尽天年—长寿即意味着生命的圆满。但英年早逝则会引发感慨:美好年华未竟,评说尚待时日。

然而历史并非如此。提及英年早逝,人们自会忆起玛丽莲·梦露及詹姆士·迪思。两人生命虽短,却照样圆满。诗人约翰·济慈年仅26岁便溘然长逝,作家们对此深感惋惜。过了26岁之后,他们便不无戏谑地叹息自己一生无所作为。“生命短暂即不圆满”,此种观点荒谬无理。生命的价值在其影响、在其勃发、在其立德于世。

6)2001

乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知,那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓,他说,“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的,好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园,而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。” 钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动,有益于身心健康。乔羽说:“钓鱼可分三个阶段:第一阶段是吃鱼;第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之;第三阶段主要是钓趣,面对一池碧水,将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边,使自己的身心得到充分休息。”

注释:

他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知 his other two hobbies are rarely known to us/few of us know his other two hobbies晚年in his old age/in his later [sunset] years/late in his life有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境a place with water and fish is always blessed with a good environment/where there are water and fish, there is a nice setting/ the place which has water and fish is often endowed with [boasts] good surroundings最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园,而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所the best fishing place is not the fishing center which provides fishermen with all kinds of conveniences and fish are kept hungry for

capture but the naturally-formed plcae in the wilderness that exerts a special appeal/ the optimum fish ground is the comfortable fishing garden where fish are kept for ready capture but the place which is naturally formed in the open with a great attraction陶冶性情cultivate one’s temperament/cultivate oneself in disposition/mold one’s personality/shape one’s spirit/edify one’s character 有益于do good to/be beneficial to/ be conducive to/be good [favorable] for碧水clear/green/blue water忧心烦恼worries, vexations, anxieties, disturbances, troubles,annoyances, sorrows抛put aside/leave aside/set aside/neglect/shelve [for the time being] 使自己的身心得到充分休息enjoy the total relaxation both mentally and physically/making yourself totally relaxed…

参考译文:

In his later years (Late in his life), Qiao Y u has become enamored of fishing (developed a penchant / special fondness for fishing). He asserts: ― Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish must necessarily be blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. I believe that the optimum fishing places are not those commercial fishing centers which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but those naturally-formed places in the wilderness which exert a special app eal.‖ According to him, fishing can constitute an activity conducive to the cultivation of one’s temperament and to one’s health, at once physical and psychological. Qiao Y u claims: ―Fishing can be divided into three stages. The first stage consists of mere fish-eating; the second a combination of fish-eating and the pleasure (enjoyment) of fishing; the third primarily the pleasure of fishing when, confronted with a pond of clear water, one puts aside all his troubling vexations and annoyances and enjoys the total relaxation both mentally and physically.‖

SECTION B原文:

Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau’s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.

Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Y eats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.

We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.

注释:

possession for its own sake为了拥有而去拥有active discipline积极的人生戒律/修炼方法[dicipline纪律/符合行为准则的行为(或举止)/行为准则/训练方法]heightening

[improve/strengthen] what is enduring永恒之物[enduring持久的,永久的,耐久的] the high=the high levels高层次he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts他在膳食方面所投入的精力仅果腹而已,只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务,他便别无所求[字面翻译:他在养活自己方面所投入的精力仅限于使自己的身体机能得以正常运转,以便从事更为重要的工作] it [=the high levels] life-engaging [=life-involving/life-related充满人生的] Short of the impossible [=except all those impossible things] something like[=about大约/类似] terms [=words] take pains [=make great effort] advertised version of happiness所宣扬的幸福观it[=the version happiness,指前面所提到的幸福观]purport[=claim] effortless不劳而获/唾手可得at your pleasure随心所欲/听凭自己的喜好

参考译文:

梭罗所理解的“低层次”,即为了拥有而去拥有,或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的“高层次”,则是这样一种积极的人生戒律,即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。对于他从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力,他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。勿庸置疑,梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿,但他在膳食方面所投入的精力仅果腹而已,只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务,他便别无所求。

殚精竭虑,全力以赴,便是其精髓所在。除非我们愿意直面那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦,否则便不会有幸福可言。正如叶芝所言,除却某些不可能的情形,我们于人生中所获取的满足皆取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿意面对的艰难困苦。当罗伯特·弗罗斯特言及“以苦为乐”时,他内心所思,大体如此。商业广告中所宣扬的那种幸福观,其致命的缺陷就在于这样一个事实,即它宣称,一切幸福皆唾手可得,不费吹灰之力。

即便于游戏之中,我们也需要有艰难困苦。我们之所以需要它,因为设若没有困难,便断无游戏可言。游戏即是这样一种方式,为了享受其中的情趣而人为地使事情变得不那么轻而易举。游戏中的种种规则,便是将困难武断地强加于人。当有人将情趣摧毁殆尽时,他总是因为拒不按游戏规则行事而使然。这犹如下棋;如果你随心所欲、心血来潮地去更改那些全然武断的游戏规则,这样去赢棋当然会更加容易。但下棋的情趣则在于,应在规则的限定范围内赢取胜利。一言以蔽之,没有艰难,断无情趣。

7)2002

CHINESE TO ENGLISH

大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等,所以人们对于大自然,全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间,上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着,种植庄稼和葡萄,酿酒和饮酒,喂牛和挤牛奶,锄草和栽花:在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌;往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园,这样,每个地方都有自己的传说,风俗也就衍传下来。

注释:

大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等whether rich or poor, everyone is euqally blessed by Nature/nature does the same favor to all humans, whether rich or poor/ the bounty of nature is equal to everyone…/Equal are the generous gifts endowed by Nature to all of us…/all men, poor or rich, are equally favored by Nature人们对于大自然,全都一致并深深地依赖着all people are deeply and strongly attached to her [Nature]/they are heavily dependent on her上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着where they have been living the same life for a thousand years or so/where their lifestyle has remained the same [unchanged] for a millennium/ where they have been living in the

same way…种植庄稼和葡萄plant [grow] crops and grapes酿酒和饮酒make wine to drink/brew and drink wine/make wine to drink it喂牛和挤牛奶feed cows and milk them/feed and milk cows/keep [raise] cattle to milk them,锄草和栽花hoe up grasses and plant flowers/weed the garden to grow flowers做礼拜go to church[另一层意思是结婚]/do [attend] religious services/worship/attend a churech service/at church 拉琴play the violin/musical instruments往日的田园farms of bygone days/former days/the past温馨家园sweet home/warm homeland/the sweet hearth and home衍传下来pass down/hand on/passes from one generation to another

参考译文:

Nature does the same favour to every human being, whether rich or poor. So all the humans put on the nature deep dependence, especially in the countryside, where the people have been living the same life for thousands of years. They plant crops and grapes, make wine to drink, feed the cattle and milk the cows, weed and plant flowers. They go to church at weekends, and play musical instruments on the plaza in the festivals, dancing and singing. The previous rural farms remain today’s sweet home. In this way each area has legends of its own and the customs pass down.

译文二

Equal are the generous gifts granted/distributed (endowed) by Nature to (on) all human individuals, whether they are wealthy or impoverished (be they wealthy or impoverished). Therefore, all human individuals have become unanimously and profoundly indebted to (obliged to, attached to, dependent on) Nature. This is particularly true in rural areas where ways of life have remained intact and unchanged for people for thousands of years-sowing crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wines, grazing and milking cows, hoeing grasses and planting flower-trees, going to churches for religious prayers and services on weekends, playing musical instruments, dancing and singing on squares. The fields in former times are still their present-day homes glowing with human warmth. In such a way, each locality has evolved its own unique folk tales and has transmitted its distinctive habits and customs.

译文三

All people are blessed by nature, rich and poor alike. That accounts for their deeply rooted attachment to her, especially in the country where their ways of life have been kept intact for thousands of years. They grow crops and grapes, brew the wine that they drink, raise cows for milk, and weed their gardens for the cultivation of flowers. On weekends they go to church, and on holidays they enjoy playing music while singing and dancing in open squares. Thus their olden homelands remain as sweet as ever, each with a unique folk, from which its customs have derived. 译文四

People, poor or rich, are equally favored by Nature. So they all rely on it greatly (or dearly). This is particularly true in the countryside where people have lived (or have been living) in the same style for over a thousand years. (or: So they all rely on it greatly, especially in the countryside where people have lived in the same style for over a thousand years.) They grow (plant) crops and grapes, brew and drink wine, feed and milk cows, hoe up weeds and raise flowers (or: weed and garden); they go to church and pray on weekends, and sing, dance and play musical instruments at plazas on holidays. The fields and gardens of the past (The past fields and gardens) remain their warm homesteads (homes) today. Thus, each place has its own stories and the customs have been passed down. (or: In this way every place has its own legend and handed

down along with it is the old custom).

译文五

The bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor, and therefore all men are strongly attached to her. This is particularly true in the rural areas, where people have kept the same lifestyle for a millennium or so. They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk, and weed the gardens to grow flowers. They go to church at weekends, and they meet in the square on holidays, singing and dancing. The age-old land remains the same as their family hearth. Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go on.

ENLISH TO CHINESE

The words ―winner‖ and ―loser‖ have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentic only by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society

Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.

Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the anwers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.

Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.

注释:

who responds authentic only by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine

一切反应均能由衷而发,做到诚信,可靠,乐善好施,且绝不伪善b eing loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable真心关爱和虚情假意之间,真傻[生性愚钝]与装傻[装疯卖傻,故作聪明,大智若愚],真才[真才实学]和蠢才[滥竽充数,卖弄文才]not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them从不为其所羁绊[不受他人摆布、摧毁、束缚和吓倒]

参考译文:

成功者和失败者这两个字眼具有多层含义。当我们将某人视为成功者时,我们并不是说他是一个使他人一败涂地的人。在我们看来,成功者乃是这样一来一位君子,他无论是作为个人还是社会的一份子,一切反应均能由衷而发,做到诚信,可靠,乐善好施,且绝不伪善。

想象中自己应该是什么样子,成功者没有将生命耗费在这中空想上,相反,他们活得有个性,因此无须绞尽脑汁、矫揉造作,也没有将他人玩弄于股掌之上的欲望。他们知道,真心关爱和虚情假意之间,真傻与装傻之间,真才和蠢才之间界限分明。成功者无须面具掩藏自我。

成功者勇于独立思考,敢于展示才华。他们能将事实和观点区分开来,不集装箱什么都懂(万事通)。他们听人进言,并权衡利弊,从而得出自己的结论。

尽管回钦佩、尊敬他人,但他们从不为其所羁绊。成功者不会表现出无助,也不怨天尤人。相反,他们对生活尽职尽责。

8) 2003

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

得病以前,我受父母宠爱,在家中横行霸道,一旦隔离,拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里,我顿觉打入冷宫,十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚,园中百花怒放,父母在园中设宴,一时宾客云集,笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里,悄悄掀起窗帘,窥见园中大千世界,一片繁华,自己的哥姐,堂表弟兄,也穿插其间,个个喜气洋洋。一霎时,一阵被人摈弃,为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头,禁不住痛哭起来。

注释:

得病be taken ill/fall ill/get sick/(prior to my) disease宠爱spoil/dote on/pamper/apple of one’s eye/favor/indulge/baby [be babied by]/pet/make a pet of /cosset/love dearly [ardently] 横行霸道have [get/follow] one’s own way/have everything one’s own way/do whatever one wants to/act [behave] like a tyrant [despot]/ domineer/tyranize/lord it over/play the bully/play the tyrant at will 隔离isolate/separate/segregate拘禁confine (to)/chain/imprison/encage花园山坡the hillside [slope] of the garden小房子cabin/samll room [house] 打入冷宫be consigned to limbo/be thrown in the limbo/fall into disfavor/banish to the cold palace/banish (a queen or concubine) to the cold palace/be left in the cold/be out of favour/consign to [put on]the back shelf郁郁不得志feel depressed /gloomy/frustrated掀起lift up/raise百花怒放flowers bloom in profusion/compete in splendor/vie to blossom/all flowers are in full bloom设宴give [hold] a banquet/give a dinner [party] 宾客云集a crowd of guest gathered/many guests got together/[into which] many guests swarmed笑语四溢laughters [cheerful talks] being heard far and wide窥见spy/catch a glimpse of/peek at/peep at/大千世界,一片繁华colorful and prosperous world/the bustleof a kaleidoscopic world穿插shuttle among/walk among喜气洋洋full of joys/in high spirits/with glad looks/jubilantly 一霎时all of a sudden/in no time/all at once/inan instant/quickly enough摈弃desert/abandon/discard为世所遗forsaken.forhotten by the world/悲愤sorrowful anger/sorrow and anger/sadness and anger/grief and indignation兜上心头be thrown into a fit of…/rushed to my mind/came up to my heart/arose in my mind一阵悲愤a fit of sorrowful anger

关于“一阵”的翻译:

(突然爆发出的)一阵哭泣/喝彩/炮击/雷声a burst of tears/cheers/gunfire /thunder(量如洪水的)一阵泪雨/瓢泼大雨/夸夸其谈a flood of tears/rain/boasts (少量或稀疏的)一阵(小)雨/射击 a spatter of rain/bullets一阵稀疏的掌声/喝彩 a spatter of applause/cheers(声响很大的)一阵隆隆的炮声/雷声a peal of artillery/thunder(突然而猛烈的)一阵暴雨/狂风/烈火a gust/blast of rain/wind /flame(持续短暂的)一阵怒气/激情/咳嗽 a fit of anger/passion/coughing一阵呕吐a vomiting fit(持续一段时间的)一阵厄运/暑热a spell of bad luck/summer heat一阵寒潮a spell of cold weather一阵昏厥a fainting spell(针捻刀刺般的)一阵内疚/牙痛/风湿痛a twinge of remorse/toothache/rheumatism一阵尴尬a twinge of embarrassment(抽搐或颤抖的)一阵痛苦/伤心/咳嗽/激动 a spasm of pain/grief /coughing/excitement(雹打雨淋般的)一阵轰炸/打击/咒骂a hail of bombs/blows /curse一阵弹雨/批评a shower of bullets/criticism

更多的例子:一阵欢乐an agony of joy一阵子爱意a flush of love一阵心脏病发作 a stroke of heart attack一阵感冒/高烧a bout of influenza/high fever一阵失望/狂怒a fit of despair/rage

表示“阵”的英语词汇之辨析:

spatter “少量”,“稀疏”之义;peal 专指一阵响亮或轰鸣的声音;twinge 特指肉体或心灵上的一阵剧烈的刺痛;burst 泛指突然爆发出的一阵,有突如其来之感;hail 和shower的比喻色彩也很浓,有雹打雨淋之感;spell常用于描述天气、疾病等,表持续一阵子;flood一词比喻色彩浓厚,给人以量如洪水,滔滔不绝之感;gust则专指风、雨、雹、火、烟等的突然而猛烈的一阵。也可用喻感情的猛烈进发;fit常指持续时间短暂的一阵——尤指疾病的短暂发作或感情的短暂进发;spasm原指痉挛,抽搐,用于动作、感情的一阵突发时,表抽搐或浑身颤抖之感;bout指疾病的发作。

参考译文:

Before I fell ill, my parents doted on me a lot. I could have my way at home. Once I was isolated and confined in a chamber on the hillside of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became depressed. One spring evening, my parents held a banquet in the garden, where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. In no time, a crowd of their guests gathered and laughter was heard all over there. I, without being noticed, lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden, and my elder sisters, brothers and my cousins, each full of the joys of spring, were shuttling among the guests. Quickly enough, I was thrown into a fit of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and discarded by the rest and could not help crying my heart out.

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

In his classic novel, ―The Pioneers‖, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. ―Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?‖ she asks. He’s astonished she can’t see them. ―Where! Why everywhere,‖ he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.

Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, ―Life for the American is always becoming, never being.‖

注释:

The Pioneers《拓荒者》James Fenimore Cooper詹姆士·菲尼莫尔·库柏has 相当于make,可译为“让”hero主人公land developer土地开发商cousin表妹/堂妹Why为语气助词,可译为“喔,哦”For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished虽然那些东西还为建成在大地上,但他已心中将它们建好了。对她来说,它们都是实实在在的,宛如已经建成竣工一样future-mindedness着眼于未来/前瞻性/向前看more emotionally attached to things to come更加热情地拥抱新事物Life for the American is always becoming, never being对于美国人来说,生活就像一条奔流不息的江河,而非一潭死水/生活总是在发展变化之中,从来不会静止不变

参考译文:

在其经典小说《拓荒者》中,詹姆士·菲尼莫尔·库柏让主人公,一个土地开发商,带着他的表妹参观正在承建的一座城市。他描述了宽阔的街道,林立的房屋,热闹的都市。他的表妹环顾四周,大惑不解。她所看见的只是一片树林。”你想让我看的那些美景和改造了的地方在哪儿啊?”她问道。他家表妹看不到那些东西,感到和吃惊。”哪儿>到处都是啊!”他答道。虽然那些东西还为建成在大地上,但他已心中将它们建好了。对她来说,它们都是实实在在的,宛如已经建成竣工一样。

库柏在这里阐明的是一种典型的美国人特性:着眼于未来,即能够从未来的角度看待现在;可以自由的不为过去所羁绊,而在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物。正如阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样,”对美国人来说,生活总是在发展变化之中,从来不会静止不变。”

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