谢孟媛初级英文文法视频实录讲稿一(第1至第10讲内容)

第一讲：unit 1 名词冠词

名词的功能：当主词，补语，当受词

1．名词的种类（单数/复数）

普通名词：book /pencil/dog/spaceship…等

集合名词：class/family/audience…等

名词其实就是名字，某个人，某个地方，某个东西的名称都叫做名词。人，事，地点，物品的名称，叫做名词。

可数名词具有单复数的性质，这个性质一定要在句子中体现出来，这一点和中文有点不同：我喜欢狗/I like dog.(错)/I like dogs.(对)

1 My family/一个家庭is large.

2. My family/指一家人are all early risers.

专有名词：Bob/Smith/April/London…等。注意：一：第一个字母要大写；二：前面不可加a或an.

下列专有名词需要加上定冠词the

the United States/the United Nations(国家的名称或特殊的组织的前要加定冠词the)

物质名词：glass/wood/paper/butter/fruit…等。一般没有单复数之分glasses已改变的词意。不可以物质名词前加a,也不可在后面加s/es.

数字+容器（度量衡）+of+物质名词:

A loaf(many loaves)of bread/a cup(two cups)of coffee/a sheet of

paper/a spoonful of sugar.(handful, armful…)一把木柴：a

armful of wood.

抽象名词：bearty/honesty/love/patience/happiness/music…

等。抽象名词不可数名词

2．名词的数：可数名词：个数1，单数/个数2个以上，复数。

规则变化的复数名词

名词字尾加S:大部分名词

例：dog-dog s[z]/book-book s[s]/girl-girl s[z]

名词尾是s sh ch x o 加es.

class-classes[iz]/bus-buses/dish-dishes/bench-benches/box-b

oxes/

注意：名词字尾为子音+o,复数名词加es,如tomatoes.但有例外：photos/pianos等。

名词字尾为子音+y-----去y + ies.

例：baby-babi es[z]/story-stories/city-cities/lady-ladies.

名词字尾为f或fe,去f或fe,+ves.

例：leaf-leaves/wife-wifves/knife-knives(handkerchiefs/chiefs/roofs)

不规则变化的复数名词：

名词字尾为en,ren: ox(去势肉用公牛)-oxen bull未去势公牛/child-children

改变母音：man-men/woman-womenv注意发音变化很大/goose-geese/tooth-teeth/foot-feet/mouse-mice/louse-lice

单复数同形：fish指鱼的条数时单复数同形

/deer/sheep/Chinese/Japanese(a kind of fish, two kinds of fishes表种类时复数要加es)

3．名词的所有格：什么东西归某人所有，这叫做名词的格/格，就是一种表现，他的“人格”高尚

形成：单数名词-----名词’s

The boy’s schoolbag/John’s dress

复数名词-------名词S’

A girl s’school:a 不是饰girl, 饰school./these students’ teacher

字尾是非S的复数名词-----名词’S.

children’s playground/women’s activities

特别注意的所有格用法：

共同所有格及个别所有格

共同所有格------名词+名词+…+名词’S

个别所有格------名词’S + 名词’S + …+名词’S.

Harry and Bill’s father is a scientist.

Harry’s and Bill’s fathers are scientists.

Mr and Mrs. Brown’s布朗夫妇的

无生物所有格：A的B----B of A

桌子的脚：the legs of the table/车门：the door(s) of the/a car

女孩的名字：the girl’s name/the name of the girl.有生命的东西有两格所有格表现形式

所有格之后的名词如在句中非常容易理解时可省略

She’s going to the dentist’s/I met him at the barber’s./we like to

eat lunch at McDonald’s.

4.冠词冠词+n./冠词+a.+n./冠词+a.

冠词可分为不定冠词a/an及定冠词the.它通常放名词前，用来修饰名词。

a/an的用法：a + 子音开头的单数名词/an + 母音开头的单数名词（这里的子音母音是指单词的音标，不是单词的拼写形式：a university/an hour）

a book/a girl/a young man/an apple/an umbrella/an old woman a/an的发音：a[?], an[?n];强调时a[e],an[?n]

I read a[?] novel.

I read a[e] novel, not two.

The的用法：母音前读[?i],子音前读[??]

1.Please shut the door请关门(要关的门双方都知道，所以不可省略定冠词

the)

2.The rich aren’t always happy.有钱人并非总是快乐的

The +形容词泛指“…的人”

第二讲：unit 2. Be动词.一般动词的现在式

Be表示一种状态/存在一般动词表示动作

时态：动词会随着时间来改变状态，这就叫做时态

Be动词的现在式：am/are/is

Be动词的含意：是

We are是happy[英文句子一定要有主词和动词：我们快乐：we happy(错)]

She is在in America

主词+ be动词

第一人称（I）+ am---- I am a boy.

第二人称（you）/复数名词+ are

You are my sons.你们是我的儿子（由sons可知主词是复数）第三人称单数(he,she,it)/单数名词+ is

He is my students(错)前面是单数，后面是复数

He is my student(student已由my限定，所以不用再在前面加a)

Be动词的否定：am/are/is + not 中文：不是/不在（和中文顺序不一样）肯定句：主词+am/are/is…

否定句：主词+am/are/is + not…

（例）He is a good baseball player/否定句：He is not a good baseball player./主词和be动词可以缩写，be动词和not也可以缩写：He isn’t a good

baseball player./is not=isn’t, are not=aren’t. 注意：am 和not没有缩写。

Be动词的疑问句：将be动词放在主词前，句尾加问号

肯定句：主词+am/are/is…

疑问句：Am/Are/Is+主词…?(中文是在肯定句后加“…吗？)

例：That is his camera: Is that his camera?

3.The girl is a junior/senior high school student: 国中生/高中生

4.疑: Is the girl a junior high school student?

Be动词开头的疑问句，可用Yes/No回答。

问句：Am/Are/Is + 主词…?

答句：Yes, 主词+am/are/is, No, 主词+am/are/is not.

Is that man your math teacher?

答句：Yes, he is./No, he isn’t.--- No, he’s my PE teacher.

2.Are you eating your lunch?答:Yes, I am./No, I am not.

2.一般动词的现在式

主词+一般动词：现在式中主词为第三人称单数，一般动词加s或es.

第一人称：I like dogs./We like dogs.

第二人称：You like dogs./You like dogs.

第三人称：He likes dogs./They like dogs.(第三人称单数：he/she/it/your father/Xiao Hong/my brother…)

一般动词加s或es的方法：

a.大部份动词加s,其发音为[s][z](例)works[s]/plays[z]

b.一般动词字尾为o/s/sh/ch时，加es.(例)go es/wash es/watch es

c.一般动词字尾为子音+y时，须去y加ies.

cry—cries/study—studies

have和has: have(有，吃)的单数动词为has.

They have a lot of money.(money为不可数n.)

He has a lot of money

一般动词的否定句：不可在一般动词后加not, 须用助动词do/does. do用于主词为I, You,复数;/does用于主词为第三人称单数。

肯定句：主词+一般动词…

否定句：主词+do/does+not+原形动词…

The twin brothers go to school by bus.

否定句：The twin brothers do not/don’t go to school by bus. Sam has dinner at the restaurant.

否定句：Sam does not/doesn’t have dinner at the restaurant. 比较：否定句

Be动词：He is my boyfriend/He isn’t my boyfriend.

一般动词：He likes dogs/He doesn’t like dogs.

一般动词的疑问句：不可将一般动词放在主词前，须用助动词do/does.

疑问句：Do/Does + 主词+ 原形动词…?

例：You visit your grandmother on Sundays.

问句：Do you visit your grandmother on Sundays?

He comes from England.

问句：Does he come from England?

助动词do/does开头的问句，Yes/No之后用do/does回答Does the little boy go to school?

答句：Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.

比较：疑问句

Be动词：She is beautiful/Is she beautiful? Yes, she is.

一般动词：She loves tennis./Does she love tennis? Yes, she does.

附文：

张道真英语语法：

一般现在时主要表示：

[1]经常发生或反复发生的动作：

He gets up at six.他六点起床。

She works eight hours a day.她每天工作八小时。

Do you often wash your hair?你经常洗头吗？

Thank you, I don’t smoke.谢谢你，我不抽烟。

Do you go to work by bus or by bike?你坐公车上班，还是骑单车上班？

[2]现时的情况或状态：

They live in the same building, don’t they?他们住同一栋楼，对吧？

He is a law student.他是学法律的。

She knows swveral languages.好懂几国语言。

The soup tastes good.这汤味道很好。

They enjoy skating.他们喜欢溜冰。

[3]永恒的真理

The sun rises in the east.太阳从东边升起。

It snows in winter.冬天下雪。

李阳句子突破语法：

一般现在时

一般现在时表示真理或规律性的动作。

Rice doesn't grow in cold climates.

(寒冷的气候不适于水稻生长。)

I always go to work by car.

(我总是开车上班。)

比较现在进行时与一般现在时：前者表示正在发生的动作，后者表示经常存在的状态。

I can't understand why he is being so selfish. He isn't usually like that.

(我不明白他此刻怎么这么自私。他平时不这样。)

第三讲Unit 3 be动词一般动词的过去式

be动词的过去式：was/were; am/is------was; are-----were

过去式be动词表示“过去时间中发生的状态。”

例：（现在式）He is busy now现在

(过去式) He was busy then那时.时间副词改变，动词也必须改变。

（现在式）My parents are at home now

(过去式) My parents were at home yesterday.

Be动词（过去式）的否定句：主词+was/were + not…

was not= wasn’t; were not= weren’t

例：1.Mr. Brown was a vet.

否定句: Mr. Brown was not a vet.

2.Joe and Brian were in the living room at that time=then.

否定句:Joe and Brian were not in the living room at that time.

Be动词（过去式）的疑问句：

肯定句：主词+was/were…

疑问句：Was/Were + 主词…?

例：Wendy was in the seventh grade last year

疑问句: Was Wendy in the seventh grade last year?

答句：Yes, 主词+ was/were

No, 主词+ was/were + not.

Were you a pianist? pian o ist/artist 你曾经是个钢琴家吗？

Yes, I was./ No, I wasn’t.

一般动词的过去式：规格变化/不规则变化

规则变化：+ed.[t][d][id]

原形动词+ed: helped[t]/spelled[d]/wanted[id]

原形动词字尾有e, + d. : love-loved/dance-danced

原形动词为子音+短母音+字音：重复字尾+ed. Stop-stopped/plan-planed

原形动词字尾为子音+y:去y+ied. :study-studied/cry-cried

不规则变化：

eat-ate/read-read/ride-rode/come-came/go-went/have-had/see-saw seesaw秋千/teach-taught/give-gave/take-took

例：I walk to school every day/I walked to school yesterday.

Mother goes to a supermarket every morning

Mother went to a supermarket yesterday morning

主词为第三人称单数时，过去式动词不须加”S”。

一般动词（过去式）的否定句：须用助动词did

肯定句：主词+一般动词（过去式）…

否定句：主词+did not +原形动词…(did not=didn’t)

He called you last night.

否定句：He did not/didn’t call you last night.

My sister and I watched TV all day yesterday.

否定句：My sister and I did not/didn’t watch TV all day yesterday.

我姐姐和我并非看了一整天的电视

比较：否定句（过去式）

Be动词：She was at home/She wasn’t at home.

一般动词：She studied English./She didn’t study English.

一般动词的疑问句

肯定句:主词+一般动词（过去式）…

疑问句：Did + 主词+ 原形动词…?

His friends went to that movie last week.

Did his friends go to that movie last week?

Grace wrote a letter to David.

疑问句: Did Grace write a letter to David?

回答：Yes, she did/No, she didn’t.

比较：疑问句（过去式）

Be动词：he was sick.(sick a.)

Was he sick? Yes, he was/No, he wasn’t.

一般动词：He did his homework.

Did he do his homework? Yes, he did/No, he didn’t.

Do/does(现)did(过)：（1）一般动词:做；（2）助动词(+原形动词)

简单过去式

1. 简单过去式表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，或过去经常发生的动作。过去式的疑问形式为Did+主词+原形动词

Did you have breakfast this morning?今天早上你吃饭了吗？

Yes, I did. What about you?我吃了，你呢？

I had pizzas for breakfast this morning.今天早上我吃的是意大利馅饼。

2. 简单过去式的形式由动词的过去式表示；动词BE除第一、第三人称单数用was，其余都用were。

Really? Were they good?是吗？好吃吗？

Just so so. The ones I had before were even better.还可以。但是我以前吃的更好吃。

3. 简单过去式表示过去发生而现在已结束的动作或状态，常和a moment ago, last year, yesterday, at that time, in the past等表示过去的时间副词或片语连用。Did you ever have pizzas before?你从前吃过意大利馅饼？

Of course I did. I was a little boy at that time.当然，那时候我还是一个小孩子。

4. 简单过去式表示过去曾有或未曾有过的经验，需与never(从未), ever(曾经), once(曾经)连用。

Did you ever have pizzas before?你从前吃过意大利馅饼？

Of course I did. I was a little boy at that time.当然，那时候我还是一个小孩子。

Were you rich before?你从前很阔吗？

Yes, I had a lot of gold at that time.对，从前我有很多金子。

I never saw any gold.我从来没有见过金子。

5.would+原形动词常用来表示过去的习惯或叙述或回忆过去反复发生的动作。You know Clinton?知道克林顿吗？

The American President?那个美国的总统？

He would come to see my father every week.他过去每周来看我父亲。

Really?真的？

6.表过去经常发生或习惯的动作

You know Dianna?知道黛安娜是谁吗？

She was dead.她已经死了。

I visited her twice a week in those days.那时候我每周两次去看她。[表过去经常发生或习惯的动作]

7. used to+原形动词表示现在已不存在的过去的习惯或存在的状态。

Really?真的？

We used to go to some fine restaurants.我们经常去好的饭馆吃饭。

Money!Money!给点钱吧！

God bless you good people!上帝保佑你，好心人！[good people作you的同位语] Aren’t you a rich man?你不是个有钱的人吗？

I was, but now, I am not.从前我是个有钱人，但是，现在我不是。

比较:used to do sth.和be used to doing sth.

used to +原形动词：表现在已不存在的过去的习惯或存在的状态

My father used to smoke, but now he doesn’t.我父亲以前常吸烟，但现在不抽了。be used to doing sth:习惯于……

I am sued to staying up/sitting up late at night.我习惯于熬夜.[熬夜:stay up late/sit up late]

特殊用法：

一:在宾语从句中，由于时态呼应关系，可用一般过去时表示现在：

I didn’t know you were here.我不知道你在这儿.(were实际上指现在)

I didn’t know you were so busy.我没想到你这么忙.(were实际上指现在)

二:表示客气委婉的现在：

I wondered if you were free this evening.不知你今晚是否有空。

I thought you might want some flowers.我想你也许想要些花。

能这样用的动词主要限于want,wonder,think,hope,intend等少数动词。

三:用于某些特殊结构中表示现在：

It’s time we started.我们该动身了。

I wish I knew his name.要是我知道他的名字就好了。

第四讲Unit 4 代名词

1．人称代名词

注意：its是所有格，表示“它的”/it’s = it is,表示“它是…”

主格/所有格/受格的用法

主格(主词)+动词: He likes sports.

所有格+名词: His friends(主词)are(动词) over there

一般动词+受格/介系词+受格: The girl loves him very much.

在英文里面，只有面对面时才说: who are you.当有人按门铃时，我们应当问：A: Who is it? B: It’s I/It’s me.在现在英语语，常用me来代替I,这一点连老外自己都这么说(有点奇怪)

It的用法：

It可表示天候，时间，距离等等…

It(指天候) rains a lot in Taipei in spring.

It was two o’clock when(当…时候) he came back home.

A beV. B---A=B当在英语中遇到这种句式时，be动词前后的两个东西是同一回事: I am a teacher.(我就是老师，老师就是代表我) It is five kilometers from here to the airport.(跟空气有关的港口：机场)

It 就等于是five kilometers

It可表示某一种状况：多半是说话的人及听的人都能了解的特定状况，例：

1.A: Who knocked at the door?

B: I thought it was Jack.

2.It’s all up to you.一切由你决定(it 就是一种状况，一件事情)

3.I like it(动词后必须用个名词来当受词) here(here在英文里是副词)我喜欢这里(这里的like在主词的后面，所以它是个动词)

4.I don’t feel like(摸起来…像什么，想要，在此用后一种意思) it.（like在这里是介系词，所以后面必须带个名词做受词）

It 可当假主词---代替一件事

It is difficult to learn Spanish(it放在前面代替后面的to加原形动词/动词不定式所引导的动词短语)

It’s important that you should tell the truth.(that这此是个连接词)当一个句子出现两个主词和两个动词的时候，一定要用一个连接词把它们连接起来，it在此句中代替后面由that引导的一个子句

第五讲Unit 4 代名词

3.It’s no use telling him about it.(开头的it 代替telling…引导的部分) We you they的特殊用法

1.We had a heavy riain yesterday昨天下了一场大雨

2.You don’t see many Chinese there.在那里看不到很多中国人

3.They speak English in Canada.加拿大人是说英文的

所有代名词(人称代名词：所有代名词/反身代词/主格/宾格/所有格)

所有代名词的形成:所有代名词=所有格+名词

例: 1.Your house is bigger than mine.(=my house)(所有格后面必须加名词

1.My bicycles are here and his(=his bicycles) are there.

2.伴随双重把有格：冠词，所有格

指示形容词this/that，不定形容词many

不可同时放名词前。

例：I met one of(之一) my old friends on the way home(我的一位老朋友)

I met an old friend of mine(=my friends)

名词的所有代名词=所有格

My dog is black, and Jason’s(=Jason’s dog) /Jason’s cat is white 反身代名词：反身代名词的形成

第一,二人称：所有格+self/selves. 第三人称: 受格+self/selves. 反身代词不可以放在动词前当主词，所以不用主格+self/selves.

反身代名词的用法：主词/受词对象相同

You always talk to yourself(你自己)

The little girl hurt(hurt没有加S,所以应该是过去式)herself(受伤)

He can do it by himself(靠他自己)

反身代名词不可以当主词：不可: Himself can do it.

He himself can do it.(把反身代词放在前面是用来强调)

I saw the singer himself.我看到那个歌手本人了(不是在电视上面) 指示代名词：指示或事物的代名词

This(these)/that(those)

一般用法：用于人或事物，离说话者距离很近用this/these,距离远者用that/those.

This is my mask, and that is Mary’s.

Who is this?(电话用语:电话拿起来问对方用语)this is Mary speaking Who was that on the telephone?刚才打电话来的那个人是谁？Things are easier these days.最近事情顺利/简单多了。

第六讲Unit 4 代名词

代替用法：代替已叙述过的字，代替单数名词用that, 代替复数名词用those. N+修饰语

The weather in Taipei is cooler than that(=the weather) in Kaohsiung. Her interests are different from those(=the interests) of her childhood

她现在的兴趣和她童年时代的兴趣是不一样的(现在可由are 看出) so:作为动词的受词或补语，指前面出现过的字或句子。

A: Will it be fine tomorrow?

B: I hope so(指前面说过的状况).= I hope that/连接词it will be fine tomorrow.

Do you still feel sick? If so, you must see the doctor.

Nancy can play the violin, and so can I(我也会)/and I can, too.

So can I :当so解释成“也”时: so + 情态动词/be动词+ 主词

She is smart, so she is.她很聪明，她的确如此（加强）

She is smart, so is he.她很聪明，他也是。

Such:有“那样的事物，人”之意，可当代名词，形容词，也可用于单，复数

1.They will plant flowers such as/例如roses, sunflowers.

Plant:种花，种草/grow:种稻/菜：plant flowers/a tree; grow rice/vegetables.

2.I don’t know such/如此那样a man

Such (a/an)(+形容词)+名词

3.Have you tasted any such food before?

Such前可接all/other/another/any/few/every/no…等。Same:一般都加the,表示“相同的事物”之意

1.A: Can I have a cup of coffee, please?A顾客：能给我来杯咖啡吗？B: Give me the same, please.B顾客：我也要一杯咖啡

2.He uses the same typewriter as/连接词I (do代替前面的动作：使用打字机)

A be different from B/A be the same as B

2.不定代名词：1.不特定的人或物 2.非一定数量的代名词1. Some of the boys(这些男孩当中的一些) like English.

Some在这里是代名词，当主词。

2. Some boys(一些男孩) like English. 所有格/冠词/形容词后面可以+名词Some在这里是形容词

第七讲Unit 4 代名词

one/ones

one = a/an+单数名词，指不特定的人或物

ones:指不特定的人或物复数

I have lost my watch and I have to buy one(= a watch)

I like small cars better than/胜过，超过large ones(=cars).

One=a/an+单数名词it=the+单数名词

例1.Here are some apples. Take one.

例2.I bought a good camera. I’ll lend it(=the camera)to you. Both/all

Both(两者都)：用于两个人或两个事物

All(全部，所有的)：指数量为3或3以上的人或事物，也可代表

不可数名词。

位置：be或助动词之后/一般动词之前

定冠词(the),所有格，数词，形容词之前

例1.Both of her children went to New York.她的两个孩子都去了Two of her…她有两个孩子去了…

例2.I’ve read both these papers(这两份报纸)

例3.All/不定代名词of my money was stolen.(被偷)

例4.You may take all these toys(them all)

注意:both, all 出现于否定句，表示“部分否定”（并非…）