动词

动词
动词

1、动词

1)表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。

2)根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。

说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如:

We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。)

He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。

(has是助动词。)

3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。

说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如:

She can dance and sing.

她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。)

She can sing many English songs.

她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。)

4)根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如:

She sings very well.

她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。)

She wants to learn English well.

她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。

说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。5)根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)例如:

The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.

英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)

Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.

学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。)

The young ought to take care of the old.

年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。)

6)动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)。

2、系动词

系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

说明:

有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:

He fell ill yesterday.

他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)

He fell off the ladder.

他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。

1)状态系动词

用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:

He is a teacher.他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)

2)持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:

He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。

3)表像系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:

He looks tired.他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心。

4)感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.

这朵花闻起来很香。

5)变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.

例如:

He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。

6)终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:

The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)

3、什么是助动词

1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。

助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:

He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。

(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)

2)助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:

a. 表示时态,例如:

He is singing.他在唱歌。

He has got married.他已结婚。

b. 表示语态,例如:

He was sent to England.他被派往英国。

c. 构成疑问句,例如:

Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗?

Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?

d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:

I don't like him.我不喜欢他。

e. 加强语气,例如:

Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。

He did know that.他的确知道那件事。

3)最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

4、助动词be的用法

1)be +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如:

They are having a meeting.他们正在开会。

English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。

2)be + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如:

The window was broken by Tom..窗户是汤姆打碎的。

English is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英语。

3)be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容:

a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如:

He is to go to New York next week..他下周要去纽约。

We are to teach the freshpersons.我们要教新生。

说明:这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。

b. 表示命令,例如:

You are to explain this.对此你要做出解释。

He is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午来办公室。

c.征求意见,例如:

How am I to answer him?我该怎样答复他?

Who is to go there?谁该去那儿呢?

d. 表示相约、商定,例如:

We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。

5、助动词have的用法

1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态,例如:

He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。

By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.

上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。

2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时,例如:

I have been studying English for ten years.

我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。

3)have+been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态,例如:

English has been taught in China for many years.

中国教英语已经多年。

6、助动词do 的用法

1)构成一般疑问句,例如:

Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗?

Did you study German?你们学过德语吗?

2)do + not 构成否定句,例如:

I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批评。

He doesn't like to study.他不想学习。

In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。

3)构成否定祈使句,例如:

Don't go there.不要去那里。

Don't be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。

说明:构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。

4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气,例如:

Do come to my birthday party.一定来参加我的生日宴会。

I did go there.我确实去那儿了。

I do miss you.我确实想你。

5)用于倒装句,例如:

Never did I hear of such a thing.我从未听说过这样的事情。

Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.

只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。

说明:引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。

6)用作代动词,例如:

---- Do you like Beijing?--你喜欢北京吗?

---- Yes, I do.--是的,喜欢。(do用作代动词,代替like Beijing.)

He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?

他知道如何开车,对吧?

7、助动词shall和will的用法

shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时,例如:

I shall study harder at English.我将更加努力地学习英语。

He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。

说明:

在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在,尤其是在口语中,will常用于第一人称,但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词,试比较:

He shall come.他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。)

He will come.他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)

8、助动词should,would的用法

1)should无词义,只是shall的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称,例如:

I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.

我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。

比较:

"What shall I do next week?"I asked.

"我下周干什么?"我问道。(可以说,shall变成间接引语时,变成了should。)

2)would也无词义,是will的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称,例如:He said he would come.他说他要来。

比较:

"I will go," he said. 他说:"我要去那儿。"

变成间接引语,就成了:

He said he would come.

原来的will变成would,go变成了come.。

Multiple-choice

1.If it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a football match.

a. have

b. will have

c. has

d. shall has

2.When he was at school, he ______ early and take a walk before breakfast.

a. will rise

b. shall rise b. should rise would rise

3.In the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.

a. has made

b. have made

c. had made

d. having made

4.I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.

a. don't/had

b. didn't/have

c. didn't/had

d. don't/have

5.______ you think he ______ back by dinner time?

a. Do/have come

b. Did/will have come

c. Does/will come

d. Do/will have come

6.He said that he dropped his bag when he ______ for the bus.

a. was runing

b. was running

c. were running

d. is running

7.No sooner ______ he arrived home than he ______ to start on another journey.

a. has/was asked

b. have/were asked

c. had/is asked

d. had/was asked

8.“______ you give me a room for the night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel.

a. Should

b. Can

c. Might

d. May

9.There are nine of them, so ______ get into the car at the same time.

a. they may not at all

b. all they may not

c. they can't all

d. all they can't

10.“We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He ______ it.”

a. mustn't attend

b. cannot have attended

c. would have not attended

d. needn't have attended

11.“You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don't you?”

“No, officer. I ______. This car can't do more than 80.”

a. didn't need to be

b. may not have been

c. couldn't have been

d. needn't have been

12.he was a good runner so he ______ escape from the police.

a. might

b. succeeded to

c. would

d. was able to

13.If they ______, our plan will fall flat.

a. are co-operating

b. had not co-operated

c. won't co-operate

d. didn't co-operate

14.I hoped ______ my letter.

a. her to answer

b. that she would answer

c. that she answers

d. her answering

15.He ______ live in the country than in the city.

a. prefers

b. likes to

c. had better

d. would rather

16.______ to see a film with us today?

a. Did you like

b. Would you like

c. Will you like

d. Have you liked

17.I'm sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply ______ what I did.

a. must do

b. had to do

c. ought to have done

d. have to do

18.“Time is running out,______?”

a. hadn't we better got start

b. hadn't we better get start

b. hadn't we better get started d. hadn't we better not started

19.No one ______ that to his face.

a. dares say

b. dares saying

c. dare say

d. dare to say

20.The students in the classroom ______ not to make so much noise.

a. need

b. ought

c. must

d. dare

常用动词词组

1.以break为中心的词组 break away from 脱离,逃离 break down 破坏,粉碎;瓦解;出故障,抛锚 break in 闯进,打断;使顺服 break into 闯入;强行进入;突然开始 break out 爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚 break the law 违反法律 break the record 破记录 break one’s promise 失言 break up 开垦,破碎;解散,分开,分解 2. 以catch为中心的词组 be caught doing 被发现做某事 be caught in the rain 淋雨 catch a bus/train 赶汽车/火车 catch a cold 伤风,感冒 catch one’s word 听懂某人的话 catch sight of 发现,瞥见 catch up with 赶上,追及,追上 3. 以come为中心的词组 come across 偶尔发现,想起;越过;偿付 come along 一道来,陪伴;进步,进展;出现 come at 达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击 come back 回来;恢复,复原 come down 倒下;降落;跌落;病倒 come from 来自,起源于,从~~产生,生于 come in 进来,进入;流行起来;获名次 come into being 发生,产生,出现,形成 come into power 开始执政,当权,当选 come into use 开始使用,获得应用 come on 上演;开始;赶快;发展;登台;(问题)被提出 come out 出来,传出;出版;结果是;褪色;(秘密)泄露 come to 苏醒,复原;共计;达到;归结于 come to an end 终止,结束 come to know 开始了解到 come true 实现,成为现实;证实 come up 走近;上楼;长出,发芽 4. 以do为中心的词组 be done in 精疲力竭 be done with 完全结束 do a good deed 做一件好事 do away with 去掉,废除;弄死;浪费 do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于 do harm to (=do sb. harm) 有害于 do its work 有效,有作用 do much 极有用 do wrong to 做错 do one’s best 尽某人最大努力 do one’s homework 做作业 do one’s utmost 尽力而为 do proud 足以使~~骄傲 do sb. justice 公平对待某人do some cleaning (V+ing,etc.) 搞卫生 do sb. a favor 帮助某人 do well in 学得不错,干得漂亮 do with 和~~相处,忍受,处理 do without 不需要,不用 do wonders 创造奇迹 have much to do with 和~~很有关系 have nothing to do with 与~~无关 have something to do with 和~~有关 in doing so=in so doing 这时,在这种情况下 That will do. 行了;够了 5. 以get为中心的词组 get about 徘徊,走动,旅行;流传 get above oneself 自视高傲 get accustomed to 习惯于,对~~习以为常 get across 度过,通过,横过;说服,使理解 get ahead of 胜过,超过 get along 前进,进步;同意;离去 get along with 与~~相处 get at 发现,了解;掌握;攻击 get away 离开,逃脱 get back 取回,回来;报复 get behind 落后;识破 get down 咽下;写下;使沮丧,使抑郁 get down to 认真对待,静下心来 get familiar with 熟悉 get hold of 获得,取得 get home 到家 get in 进入,陷入;牵涉 get off 送走;脱下(衣服);下车;动身 get on 上车;穿上;进步,使前进;成功;相处 get upon with 进步;在~~方面获得成功 get one’s hand in 熟悉;习惯 get out of 由~~出来,从~~得出;避免;退休 get over 越过;恢复,痊愈;克服;完成 get ready for 为~~作准备 get rid of 除去,去掉;免除,摆脱 get through 到达,完成,通过;及格 get together 积聚,积累;商谈,取得一致意见 get up 起床,起立;研究,钻研;致力于;安排,组织 get used to 习惯于 have got to do 不得不,必须 6. 以give为中心的词组 be given to 沉溺于,癖好 give about 分配;传播 give and take 相互迁就 give away 赠送;牺牲;泄露;颁发 give back 归还 give cause 给予~~的理由 give ear to 侧耳倾听 give forth 发出,放出;发表 give in 屈服,让步,投降 give in to 同意,接受;向~~让步

短语动词以动词为中心

短语动词(以动词为中心): *add in包括(include something): Would you add in these items, please, in order to complete the list? ★Should we add in the lemon juice before or after mixing the flour and sugar? *add to加,增加,补充说If the tea is too strong, add some more water (to it). ★If you add 5 to 6, you get 11. ★I have nothing to add to my earlier statement.★add fuel to the flames ★add insult to injury *add up(两个或两个以上的数或量)加起来(calculate the total of two or more numbers or amounts): The waiter can’t add up. ★Add up all the money I owe you. *add up to总计共达The money he spent added up to more than $ 1,000. *allow for把…考虑进去(include somebody/something in one’s calculations): It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays. ★Allowing for depreciation your car should be worth $900 this time next year. *allow of容许(有)(permit something, leave room for something):The facts allow of only one explanation. ★The problem allows of only one solution. *apply for申请(make a formal request): He has applied to the banker for a loan. ★He has applied for a post in England. *apply to(1)使用力量等对某事物起作用(cause a force, etc to affect something): Apply a force of 100 N to the body. ★He applied his Marxist knowledge to the events around him. ★The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. (2)贴,敷,涂(put or spread something onto something): apply the glue to both surfaces ★Apply some medicine to the wound. ★Apply two coats of painting to the fence. *believe in(1)相信某人/物的存在,信仰,相信有(feel sure of the existence of someone/something): I believe in God. ★Do you believe in ghosts? ★He believes in Darwinism.

使役动词的用法

标题句:His mother made him get a pack of sugar. 结构:使役动词的用法 所谓「使役」,就是叫人家去做事情,如: 1. 老师叫John 到办公室拿他的书 2. 爸爸叫我明天下午要洗车子 这类的动词,英文中称为「使役动词」,有make, have, let 三个。这三个动词的最大特色,也是必须注意的事项是,其后的第二个动词是用「原形动词」,不可再加to。所以前述的两个例子的英文是: 4. The teacher made/had John get his book in the office. (注:在当作「使役动词」用法中,make = have。) 5. Father makes/has me wash the car tomorrow afternoon.以上两句的使役动词均故意用不同的时态,如此可以清楚地看出其后的加黑动词仍是用「原形动词」。对于「使役动词」的用法,建议背好底下的常用句子: Let's go.(我们走吧!) 这一句不但常用,且句子很短,go 用原形动词,可突显出「使役动词+ 原形动词」的特殊用法。 容易造成混淆的其它动词:「使役动词」只有三个,特殊用法记起来就没事,但依经验显示,真正会造成学习扣分的原因,在于有些动词的对应中文意思和「使役动词」很类似,故容易和上述的「使役动词」混在一起。这些动词有want (要...;叫...) 及ask (要求...)。这两个动词后的第二个动词,并不是用原形动词,而是和其它的大多数的动词一样,是要加to 的不定词。参照底下的例句: 7. The teacher wanted John to get his book in the office. 8. Father wants me to wash the car tomorrow afternoon. 9. Mr. Wang asked them to sit there yesterday.

日语授受动词整理

日语授受动词整理 谈到日文的授受动词,相信令不少初学者感到头大。因为咱们中文对于动词的「方向性」本来就不强烈。不管是张三给李四或是李四给张三,「给」就是「给」,简单、干脆又明了。一点也不像日文那么啰嗦,有あげる、くれる、もらう等多种不同的字词来表示。另外,在英文里也有像lend(借出)与borrow(借入)等类似的语言现象。然而中文不管要描述多么复杂的借贷状况,用「借」字就成了,顶多再加个「出、入、来、去」做明确的补述。从这个角度看来,中文真的比英、日两种语言要简单多了。 中文字「方向性」薄弱的情形,从很早的时候就有了。中文的历史相当悠久,直至现代所累积的字汇有成千上万。然而在上古之时,在字汇量少的情形下,很多字所包含的意义自然较广。。后来随着时代的演进,才慢慢造出新字,将这些意义分化出来。兹举几例如下: 「受」:本义是「给予」与「接受」两义。现在则将给予之义另造新字为「授」。例如古文「男女受受不亲」,其中之一的「受」即保有原来「授」的意思。 「买」:本义是「交易」。也就是说「买」这个字,兼有「卖」义。 再者,中文的介系词并不像英、日等语言,常常是句子的必要条件之一,也因此常造成中文句子模拟两可的现象。例如:「中华队大败日本队。」、「老李租小美一间房。」中华队到是赢了还是输了租房的到底是老李还是小美这都必须靠前后文的辅助,单凭此句是无法得知的。 回到正题。日文字的授受动词之所以难学是因为它不像英文的lend、borrow般,只是从两方面的角度来看同一个动作,而是从给予者、接受者、人称或亲疏等三方面的角度来做为选择动词的依据。因此容易在使用上混淆不清,在短时间内也不容易掌握。 关于授受动词,本文将从下列几项做为整理的重点: 1˙授受动词的方向性 2˙授受动词的褒贬性

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英语动词副词词组动词 为中心 Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】

1.以break为中心的词组 break down vt.破坏,粉碎,瓦解vi.出故障抛锚,衰弱break in 闯进,打断;使顺服 break into闯入;强行进入;突然开始 break out爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚 break off打断,断绝,折断,突然终止 break through突破,克服,挤过去 break up vt.开垦,破碎;解散,分解 vi.结束break away from 脱离,逃离,打破 break the law 违反法律 break the record 破记录 break one’s promise 失言 2.以burst为中心的词组 burst in闯进,突然出现 burst into闯进,突然…起来,突然发出

burst into tears / laughter嚎啕大哭/放声大笑burst out迸发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊 burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑 3.以 bring为中心的词组(较少) bring about导致,引起,促使 bring back带回,使回忆,使恢复 bring down使下降,浓缩,收缩,击落 bring into effect/practice 完成,实现,实施,实行bring up抚养,养育,培养,使停止 bring in 把..带进来,引进,挣得(收入) bring off 完成,救出,使成功,搬走 bring on 导致,引起,使发展,提出(论点) bring out 拿出,公布,发表,出版,生产 bring through 治愈,使度过困难/危险时期 4.以call为中心的词组 call at访问(某地),停泊在

使役动词

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现在完成时之瞬间动词转变为持续性动词 (1)专题讲解: 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语(for, since, how long等)连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词. Eg: buy ( bought ) --- have / has had 买 borrow (borrowed) --- have / has kept 借 die ( died ) --- have / has been dead 死 leave ( left ) --- have / has been away ( from ) 离开 begin ( began ) --- have / has been on 开始 join ( joined) --- have / has been in 参加 --- have / has been a ( party) member go (went) --- have / has been there / in 去 come/arrive/reach/get to --- have / has been here / in 来/到达 end (ended) ----- have/has been over 结束 eg. The film began five minutes ago. ------The film has been on for five minutes. ------It has been five minutes since the film began. 用“be+形容词”代终止性动词 1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill 3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+open代open 7、be closed代close/shut 用“be+副词”代终止性动词 1“be+on”代start,begin 2“be+up”代get up 3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to

日语授受动词整理

日語授受動詞整理 談到日文的授受動詞,相信令不少初學者感到頭大。因為咱們中文對於動詞的「方向性」本來就不強烈。不管是張三給李四或是李四給張三,「給」就是「給」,簡單、乾脆又明瞭。一點也不像日文那麼囉嗦,有あげる、くれる、もらう等多種不同的字詞來表示。另外,在英文裡也有像lend(借出)與borrow(借入)等類似的語言現象。然而中文不管要描述多麼複雜的借貸狀況,用「借」字就成了,頂多再加個「出、入、來、去」做明確的補述。從這個角度看來,中文真的比英、日兩種語言要簡單多了。 中文字「方向性」薄弱的情形,從很早的時候就有了。中文的歷史相當悠久,直至現代所累積的字彙有成千上萬。然而在上古之時,在字彙量少的情形下,很多字所包含的意義自然較廣。。後來隨著時代的演進,才慢慢造出新字,將這些意義分化出來。茲舉幾例如下: 「受」:本義是「給予」與「接受」兩義。現在則將給予之義另造新字為「授」。例如古文「男女受受不親」,其中之一的「受」即保有原來「授」的意思。 「買」:本義是「交易」。也就是說「買」這個字,兼有「賣」義。 再者,中文的介系詞並不像英、日等語言,常常是句子的必要條件之一,也因此常造成中文句子模擬兩可的現象。例如:「中華隊大敗日本隊。」、「老李租小美一間房。」中華隊到是贏了還是輸了?租房的到底是老李還是小美?這都必須靠前後文的輔助,單憑此句是無法得知的。 回到正題。日文字的授受動詞之所以難學是因為它不像英文的lend、borrow般,只是從兩方面的角度來看同一個動作,而是從給予者、接受者、人稱或親疏等三方面的角度來做為選擇動詞的依據。因此容易在使用上混淆不清,在短時間內也不容易掌握。 關於授受動詞,本文將從下列幾項做為整理的重點: 1˙授受動詞的方向性 2˙授受動詞的褒貶性 3˙授受動詞與格助詞 4˙授受動詞的敬語 一、授受動詞的方向性 事實上大部分的動詞、助詞等都有所謂的「方向性」。例如「行く」就常給人「直直朝目標前進的語感」。然而同樣為移動動詞的「旅行する」卻給人「在某一範圍做不規則路線行進」的語感。另外,授受動詞與說話者、對話者、第三者,亦即第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱之間的關係係相當密切。為求解說方便,底下分別以「我」、「你」、「他」三者來代替。 1˙表示「拿到」、「收到」等一律用「もらう」。もらう有集中的方向感。 2˙表示「給予」、「付出」等可用「あげる」或「くれる」。由內部往外部的行為用「あげる」;由外部往內部的行為用「くれる」。分述如下:

以动词为中心的动词短语

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最新使役动词的用法

make的用法make用作使役动词表示“使;使成为”时,可跟复合结构,即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”,其中的宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词、形容词或名词。现将make的复合宾语结构小结如下: 一、“make+宾语+n.”意为“使、让某人/ 某物(成为)……”。 如:We made him captain of our football team. 我们推选他作我们足球队队长。 We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。 二、“make+宾语+adj.”意为“使某人/ 某事(变得)……”。如:The news that our team had won made us very happy. 我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。 We must make the rivers clean. 我们必须净化河水。 友情提示:当宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用it作形式宾语。如:I made it a condition that everybody must be on time. 我提出一个条件,人人都要准时。 The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。 三、“make+宾语+do sth.(不带to的不定式)”意为“使某人做某事”。 如: The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 这个男孩被迫每天

干十二个小时的活。四、“make+宾语+V-ed(过去分词作宾补)”这个结构指宾语接受后面的那个动作,表示被动的意思,意为“使某人/ 某事被……”。如: The good news made us excited. 这个好消息使我们兴奋。 四、“make+宾语+V-ed(过去分词作宾补)”这个结构指宾语接受后面的那个动作,表示被动的意思,意为“使某人/ 某事被……”。如: The good news made us excited. 这个好消息使我们兴奋。 五、“make+宾语+V-ing(现在分词)”这一结构表示的意思是“使某人/ 某事一直在……”。现在分词与宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。如: He makes the boy standing all the time. 他让那个男孩一直站着。 Get的用法Get的用法很多,但在每种搭配中get的意义是不完全相同的。大多数情况下,get是及物动词,有时它也可以起到连系动词的作用。 1.get+sb(sth) 叫来某人(弄到事物)Please go and get him.去把他叫来。She got high marks in the final examination. 2. get+sb+sth / get+sth+for sb 为某人弄到事物Will you please get me a ticket for the football match?请给我弄张足球票好吗?

授受句的翻译

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重点动词用法与搭配大汇总

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使役动词的用法

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