海伦意象新辩_读爱伦坡的_致海伦_林书舟
tohelen爱伦坡
"To Helen" is the first of two poems to carry that name written by Edgar Allan Poe. The 15-line poem was written in honor of Jane Stanard, the mother of a childhood friend. It was first published in 1831 collection Poems of Edgar A. Poe then reprinted in 1836 in the Southern Literary Messenger. Poe revised the poem in 1845, making several improvements, most notably changing "the beauty of fair Greece, and the grandeur of old Rome" to "the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome." These improved lines are the most well-known lines of the poem. Background Edgar Allan Poe wrote “To Helen” as a reflection on the beauty of Mrs. Jane Stith Stanard, who died in 1824. She was the mother of one of Poe’s school classmates, Robert Stanard. When Robert invited Edgar, then 14, to his home in 1823, Poe was greatly taken with the 27-year-old woman, who is said to have urged him to write poetry. He was later to write that she was his first real love. Theme The theme of this short poem is the beauty of a woman with whom Poe became acquainted when he was 14. Apparently she treated him kindly and may have urged him–or perhaps inspired him–to write poetry. Beauty, as Poe uses the word in the poem, appears to refer to the woman's soul as well as her body. On the one hand, he represents her as Helen of Troy–the quintessence of physical beauty–at the beginning of the poem. On the other, he represents her as Psyche–the quintessence of soulful beauty–at the end of the poem. In Greek, psyche means soul. Imagery and Summary of the Poem Poe opens the poem with a simile–“Helen, thy beauty is to me / Like those Nicéan barks of yore”–that compares the beauty of Helen with small sailing boats (barks) that carried home travelers in ancient times. He extends
英语论文 爱伦坡小说中的现实主义 全手写
1. Introduction: Adgar Allan Poe is a productive American writer in 19th century. He played an important role in American literary, especially in the aspect of horror novels. He is considered to be the father of detective story. His stories were full of creative pace and attract readers impressively. With in the middle of 19th century all kinds of realistic schools rising, Poe attained unprecedented popularity. Although he was a famous writer in the literary of romantic period, his thought contained abundant modern meaning. Allan Tate said that for most modern people, Poe seemed like one of our unpopular cousin. Poe was isolated by us, but could not be removed from our mind. This almost was a kind of kin. We had to admitted this relationship: his things was destroyed, in the same way, which threatened us potentially. Another modernist poet Welber also issued the similar view. In the 1959 of his speech The House of Poe, he considered that Poe 's writings really contained abundant modern implied meaning. Poe created entirely new territory, meanwhile his waters was the best one. This thesis analyzed the implicit modern factor in his Gothic tale The Black Cat. So-called modernism is not only a kind of literary trend and literary movement, but is also the expressive form of literary style. Modernism start from the late of 19th century, decline from the middle of 20th century. It included so many literal phoneme, such as expressionism, futurism, surrealism, symbolism, and so on. a deliberate philosophical and practical estrangement or divergence from the past in the arts and literature occurring esp. in the course of the 20th century and taking form in any of various innovative movements and styles. modernism actually is a kind of spiritual realism, which described dreamland and mysterious abstract moment world. Comparing to romanticism, it got rid of too much catharsis, showed more calmness and more reason. For realism, it disclosed the nature of matter and the truth of spirit directly, broke away from phenomenal shackles. In other words, modernism pursued the nature, discovered the mystery of human being 's inner heart, found person 's conscious activity. These pursuits showed so many aspects, also displayed the format of the novels creative, which pursued inner
美国文学之爱伦坡
读爱伦·坡的短篇小说 上课时，听到老师讲起萧伯纳曾声称：“美国出了两个伟大的作家——埃德加·爱伦·坡和马克·吐温。” 因自己对爱伦·坡的陌生而深感惭愧，于是拜读了他的部分作品。 《黑猫》作为丝丝入扣、让人不寒而栗的“心理小说先驱”，读来毛骨悚然而又欲罢不能。明明《黑猫》中没有什么强烈的血腥恐怖场面甚至仅是以第一人称絮絮叨叨的讲述一个人杀了一只黑猫，后来另一只黑猫以奇特的方式复仇的故事。全文一字不及幽灵鬼怪，但在描述人內心邪恶的念头时，却令人不寒而栗。《黑猫》具有强烈的哥特式传奇色彩，以绚烂精致的文笔塑造出人内心的恶，以及人内心强烈的矛盾冲突，带给人窒息的紧张感。 爱伦·坡一生写了六七十篇短篇小说，虽然只写了四五篇推理小说，但是举世公认为推理小说的鼻祖。他的代表作《莫格街血案》、《玛丽·罗杰疑案》、《窃信案》和《金甲虫》都被奉为这类小说的先河，对后世起了很大影响。如今很多人认为夏洛克·福尔摩斯的创造者柯南·道尔才是推理小说之父。我也不例外是先拜读的《福尔摩斯侦探集》，并且崇拜着那位睿智的近乎万能的福尔摩斯。然而，当我读了爱伦·坡的《莫格街凶杀案》，却发现只需要粗略地对比一下柯南·道尔的首部作品《血字的研究》与爱伦·坡的《莫格街凶杀案》，就能发现福尔摩斯的形象简直就是爱德加笔下那位西·奥古斯特·杜宾的翻版，甚至连福尔摩斯的助手华生，也跟杜宾的朋友，也就是那个以第一人称描述故事的人称惊人地相似——他们都是以自己的平庸反衬出那位让他们相形见绌的主角是多么的明察秋毫，多么的了不起。更惊人的是，福尔摩斯连出场方式都似乎是照搬杜宾的。甚至这形成了一种侦探小说的模式，即侦探多是具有超人智力、观察入微、料事如神的理想人物，为了衬托他的了不起，又借一个对他无限钦佩、相形见绌的朋友来叙述他的事迹，此外还写了一个头脑愚钝、动机虽好而屡犯错误的警探作为对比，而作案地点一般安排在锁得严严密密的暗室，埋藏赃物罪证则用明显得出人意外的方法，破案过程则用逻辑严谨、设身处地的推理，然后有条不紊的迫使罪犯就范归案，在读者陷入种种谜团时再由主人公洋洋自得、滔滔不绝的解释其全过程。而这一模式在一百四十年来已为全世界各国侦探小说家竞相师法，不少这类作品都是步他後尘，脱不了这个窠臼。没有纠缠烂俗的爱情故事，也没有跌宕起伏的情节，只有抽丝剥茧般严密的纯粹的逻辑推理，这就是爱伦坡的推理小说。而在他的推理小说中，他描写心理和制造诡异气氛的能力也是无与伦比的。让我每每不寒而栗，却又执意的看到最后直至谜题的揭晓。
美国文学史 爱伦坡 the fall of the house of Usher 总结
Summary of The Fall of the House of Usher 1. Time: in the autumn of the year 2. Place: the House of the Usher 3. Person: Roderick Usher; Mr. Usher’s Sister, Madeline; Mr. Usher’s Friend, I. 4. Background: A dull, dark, and soundless day; Scene: upon the mere house, the simple landscape features of the domain, upon the bleak wells, upon the vacant eye-like windows, upon a few rank sedges and upon a few white trunks of decayed trees. That is really horrible. 5. The cause of the story: In a dull, dark, and soundless autumn, the author had received a letter from his friend, Roderick Usher, who wanted to invite him to the house of Usher. Mr. Usher hope the cheerfulness of his friend’s society can give alleviation to his malady. But the House of Usher gave an uncomfortable feel to his friend. When I met Mr. Usher, I found his countenance worn a mingled expression of low cunning and perplexity, his action was alternately vivacious and sullen. Mr. Usher’s malady was really serious. 6. The development of the story: Usher’s sister, the lady Madeline, has suffered from the catalepsy, which made Usher very sad. Then I spend several days with Usher, the lady Madeline’s name was never mentioned between Usher and me. During these days, Usher sang, painted and wrote poems. One evening Usher informed me that the lady Madeline passed away, Usher stated his attention of preserving her corpse for a fortnight, previously to its final interment, in one of the numerous vaults within the main walls of the building. At the request of Usher, I aided him in the arrangements for the temporary entombment. We deposited their mournful burden upon trestles within this region of horror, replaced and screwed down the lid, and secured the door of iron, made their way, with toil, into the scarcely less gloomy apartment of the upper portion of the house. 7. The climax of the story: A few days after the funeral, Usher’s ordinary manner
The-Raven(爱伦坡作品)英文读后感说课讲解
Shavian once claimed that America had bred two magnificent authors, that is, Edgar·Allan·Poe and Mark Twain. After reading Edgar·Allan·Poe’s masterpiece---The Raven, it occurred to me that Allan·Poe lives up to his reputation which is the pioneer in Ameri can literature and representative of American Romantics. Edgar·Allan·Poe, born in a family of acting, has led a miserable life but came up with a great many works of art and have contributed a lot to American literature. Poe once said, “to me, the poem is not a purpose, but a passion.” And this poem—The Raven is a perfect embodiment of his literary theory. To achieve the beauty of rhythm, he adopted the “abcbbb” pattern, and the b rimes, which are based on the constant refrain, “Nevermore.” And every time I finish reading it, I couldn’t resist the excitement of appreciating such an article that blends with the beauty of music. This poem tells a story happened between a weary young man and a raven that kept repeating one single sentence, “Nevermore.” And wit h the raven’s repetition, the rhythm becomes stronger and more pronounced as the poem reaches its emotional climax. Through this story, we can see the grief in Poe after losing his beloved Lenore as well as his excellent skill in writing. Besides, in this poem, “…separate ember wrought its ghost upon the floor…” “the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain” and some other descriptions of the environment build a scene full of sadness
高中语文课后必读之经典小小说 告密的心〔美国〕爱伦坡素材
告密的心〔美国〕爱伦坡 不错，神经质，我是非常神经质的，现在还是如此！但是你们何以说我疯了呢？我的这种病并没有毁灭或迟钝了我的感觉，反而使我的感觉更加灵敏——特别是听觉更加灵敏了。 我听见天上地上所有的一切，我还听见地狱里的许多东西。那么，我何以会是疯了呢？你们仔细地听我看我是怎样稳健安闲的，把整个事件的原委都讲出来。我不能告诉你们这思想最初是怎样进到我的脑子里来的，但一旦有了之后，便日夜萦回于心中。我并没有什么目的，什么冲动。我本来是爱那个老头子的。 他从没有做过对不起我的事，也没有侮辱过我。至于他的金子，我毫无贪婪之心。我想仍是因为他那眼睛的缘故。是的，就是他有一只眼，好像兀鹰的眼——灰蓝色，上面盖着一层膜。每当我瞥见那眼的时候，全身的血便好像都冷了，于是久而久之我渐渐决意要置他于死地，我就可以永远不再看见那只眼睛。 在我枪杀这老头子前一星期当中，我待他再好也没有了。每晚大约到半夜的时候，我便转着他房间的门纽，轻轻地开着。开着的宽度可以容纳我的头的时候，我便伸入一盏四周紧闭一点不露光的灯笼，然后我把头伸入。 你们看了我伸入时那种异常小心的态度，一定觉得可笑的。我慢慢地移动，慢慢地，以免惊动了那老头子的睡眠。我花了一小时的功夫，才把头伸入，刚可以看他睡在床上的情形。哼！一个疯子会像我这样的机警么？等我的头都伸入之后，我便非常小心地，非常小心地（因为那灯笼的轴钮处转动时有响声）把灯笼揭开一个小孔，射出一线小小的灯光，刚刚照在他那如兀鹰的眼睛上。像这样我接连做了七夜之久，每夜都是在半夜的时候，但每次我发觉他那只眼睛总是闭着的，所以我不能动手，因为令我日夜不安的，是他那只可恶的眼睛，而并非他本人。 等到每天清早的时候，我便大胆地走到他房里去，泰然地和他讲话，很亲热地叫他的名字，并问他一夜睡得怎样。如果那老头子还疑心我每晚在半夜十二点去偷看他，那他一定是一个很深沉的人。到第八夜我去开门的时候，比以往更加小心了。我的动作，比一只表上的分针还要慢些。 在这晚之前，我自己也不知我有这样大的能力，这样的机警。我差不多忍不住这种胜利的感觉。你们想：我一点一点地开着门，而他作梦也没有梦到我这种秘密的行为和念头。 我差不多要笑起来；恐怕他听见了，因为他忽然在床上翻身，似乎被惊动了。你想我会退缩么——不。因为房里是漆黑的（四周的窗子都紧闭了，以防盗贼），所以他不会看见我开门，而我仍继续慢慢地前进着。我的头伸入了，正预备打开灯的时候，忽然我的大拇指挂在那锡钮子上，那老头子便从床上爬起来，喊着：“谁在这里？”我静默着一言不发。整整的有一小时之久，我连一下子都没有动，但同时我没有听见他睡下去。他一直坐在床上静听——正如我每晚在墙边守候一样。 忽然我听见一声小小的叹息，我听了马上就晓得这是一种极度恐怖的叹声。这不是一种痛苦或忧愁的呻吟，而是因着一种非常的恐怖从心灵的深处发出的一种生硬的低声。我很懂
浅析埃德加爱伦坡短篇小说中的死亡主题
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爱伦坡小说理论
爱伦坡小说理论：In his definition of the short story, he emphasized brevity and unity of impression. The latter is the all-important element, and by unity Poe meant totality or oneness of impression. 1: The short story must be of such length as to be read at one sitting(brevity), so as to ensure the totality of impression. Poe stresses brevity because he thought that unity of impression would be blurred and lost in the mass of details inevitable in a long story or novel. 2:The very first sentence ought to help to bring out the “single effect” of the story. He insisted that the writer must first determine the effect that he wished to produce and then deliberately choose incidents to assist in the creation of such an effect. 3: A tale should reveal some logical trut h with “the fullest satisfaction,” and should end with the last sentence, leaving a sense of finality with the reader. 4:In theme he anticipates twentieth-century literature in his treatment of the disintegration of the self in a world of T.S.Eliot’s nothingness and Hemingway’s nada. He places the subconscious condition of the mind under investigation and probes beneath the surface of normal exitence. New Criticism: a school of poetry and criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century, emphasizing close reading, particularly of poetry, to discover how a work of literature functioned as a self-contained, self-referential aesthetic object.John Crowe Ransom’s The New Criticism,E.T.Eliot,I.A. Richards Feature：1it focuses on the analysis of the text rather paying attention to external elements, which has tended to divorce criticism from social and moral concerns. 2 it explores the artistic struture of the work rather than its author’s frame of mind or its readers’ responses. 3 it see a literary work as an organic entity , the unity of content and form, and places emphasis on the close reading of the text. 4 The New Critical poem kept the basic Modernist values and abandoned other High Modernist features. Influence: one of the many phases in the history of American literary criticism,which influence the careers of many poets Local Colorism: Local Colorism or Regionalism as a trend first made its presence felt in the late 1860s and early seventies in America. It may be defined as the careful attegogoms in speech, dress or behavior peculiar to a geographical locality. The ultimate aim of the local colorists is to create the illusion of an indigenous little world with qualities that tell it apart from the world outside. The social and intellectual climate of the country provided a stimulating milieu for the growth of local color fiction in America. Local colorists concerned themselves with presenting and interpreting the local character of their regions. They tended to idealize and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life. They formed an important part of the realistic movement. Although it lost its momentum toward the end of the 19th century, the local spirit continued to inspire and fertilize the imagination of author. Lost Generation: This term describes the people of the postwar years and the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of “ expatriates” or exiles. It describes the writers like Hemingway who lived in semi poverty. It describes the Americans who returned to their native land with an intense awareness of living in an unfamiliar changing world. The young English and American expatriates, men and women, were caught in the war and cut off from the old values and yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization had gone mad. They wandered
分析爱伦·坡恐怖小说的变态心理因素
分析爱伦·坡恐怖小说的“变态心理”因 素 爱伦坡的短篇小说注重挖掘人类心灵和感情最隐蔽的角落，故事大都发生在诡秘恐惧的所在，如寂静的僧院、古老的城堡、幽闭的密室，甚至是潮湿的地下墓室，[1]如《黑猫》中，我在地窖里杀死了妻子并把其尸首砌在了地窖的墙中；《一桶白葡萄酒》中，蒙特里索把福特把福图纳托活活困死在家族墓穴中；《鄂榭府崩溃记》中，鄂榭与其妹妹随着古老、幽暗、于世隔绝的家族府邸的毁灭而结束了他们年轻的生命等等。爱伦坡的创作多涉及病态或变态的人类情感，他的短篇小说多伴随疯狂与忏悔﹑复仇与凶杀﹑走火入魔﹑死而复生的旋律，正如他自己所说的：如果在我的许多作品中恐怖一直是主题，那我坚持认为那种恐怖不是日耳曼式的，而是心灵式的，我一直仅仅是从这种恐怖合理的源头将其演绎，并仅仅是将其驱向合理的结果。 [2]爱伦坡的短篇小说按题材大体可以分为四种，即死亡恐怖小说﹑推理侦探小说﹑科幻小说和幽默小说，其中死亡恐怖小说又可以依据主人公的心理变态状况而分成不同的类，下面就举一例进行分析。 这一类包括《黑猫》《一桶白葡萄酒》《泄密的心》等，首先，这一类故事的主人公都看似是正常的人，但内心的真实想法却不像外表那样光鲜亮丽﹑经得起推敲，如《黑猫》中的主人公我，从小就性情温良，软得出奇的心肠并且特别喜欢动物，从我的表现来看，看常理说我应该不会做出后文中所写的事情来：把我最心爱的猫普路托的一只
眼珠剜下来的事情；在地窖里我竟然失手杀死了妻子，并把她的尸首砌在墙里，我感觉到心安理得，并未有人发现此事而沾沾自喜；《一桶白葡萄酒》的主人公蒙特里索的家族可以算是当地的名门望族，平时他的举动也没有什么异常，但他有一个无法打开的心结，他认为福图那托对他百般伤害，最后甚至侮辱他，他以及他的家族报复心很强，这一点从蒙特里索家族的徽章图案以及箴言就可以看出，于是蒙特里索本着这个原则预谋杀死了福图那托；在《泄密的心》中，我杀死老头亦如此。其次，故事中的主人公所伤害或杀害的动物或人都不是对其造成巨大人身或财产伤亡的，就算是《一桶白葡萄酒》中的福图那托也只是蒙特里索认为他曾经多次伤害或侮辱过自己，并没有讲清楚是一种怎样的伤害也没有尝试用别的方式去解决，仅仅以一条家族箴言为信仰而残忍地杀害了他；《黑猫》中的我因为酗酒而对普路托加以迫害，后因某种原因对第二只黑猫产生了厌恶心理从而对其产生了杀念；《泄密的心》由于我对老头眼睛的敏感而对老头下了毒手。我们由此可以看出作者所刻画的主人公都具有一种病态的心理，作者并没有说明这种心理的造成因素，只是展示了巨大的潜意识能量推动主人公去干违法犯罪的事情，作者在描写主人公杀人与虐待动物之前以及之中的时候，主人公被一个完全的本我所控制好像完全生活在一个超脱理性制约的世界，把一时的仇恨与自我急剧放大，完全被仇恨与深刻的自我感觉冲昏了头脑。爱伦坡突出了主人公的反常心态，人类心灵原始冲动的一种，由于它的驱使，我们为了我们不应该为的理由而行动。最后，这一类作品的主人公在施虐或杀人之后都会对自己所
爱伦坡-诗歌原理
诗歌原理[1] 埃德加?爱伦?坡著 曹明伦译 关于诗歌的原理，我并不打算谈得既全面又深刻。在以下非常随意的讨论中，在讨论我们称之为诗的这种东西的本质之时，我的基本做法将是引用一些小诗来加以考究——引用一些我最喜欢的、或在我头脑中留下了最明确印象的英国和美国的小诗。我说的“小诗”当然是指篇幅很短的诗。在这讨论之始，请允许我简单谈及一个稍微有点特殊的原则，因为不管正确与否，这个原则一直都影响着我对诗的评判。我认为长诗并不存在。我坚持认为“长诗”这种说法绝对是一个自相矛盾的用语。 几乎用不着由我来评说，诗之所以是诗，仅仅是因为它可在启迪心灵的同时对其施予刺激。诗的价值与这种有启迪作用的刺激成正比。但由于心理上的必然，所有刺激都很短暂。所以这种使诗成其为诗的刺激在任何鸿篇巨制中都不可能持久。读者至多读上半小时，这种刺激的强度便会减弱，衰竭，一种厌恶感会随之产生；于是在效果和事实上，诗都不再成其为诗。 《失乐园》通篇都值得热情赞赏是评论界的权威定论，但读者读这部作品时却绝对不可能保持评论家们所要求的热情，所以毫无疑问，已有许多人发现评论界这一定论与实际阅读效果难以相符。事实上，只有当我们忽略所有艺术作品都必不可少的统一性，从而把《失乐园》仅仅视为一系列短诗的组合，我们才可能把这部伟大的作品看成是诗。假设为了保持这部作品的统一性（为了保持其印象或效果的完整性），我们就像读诗所必须的那样把它一口气读完，那结果只会是兴奋和沉闷的不断交替。在一段我们觉得是真正的诗的佳句之后，不可避免地会出现一段平淡无味的文字，一段任何评论家的臆断都没法迫使我们赞赏的文字。但若是我们在掩卷之后又回头再读，不过这次略去第一卷（即从第二卷开始），那我们将会惊奇地发现，先前被我们指责的部分现在却值得赞赏，而先前被我们大加赞赏的部分现在却应加以指责。由此可见，即便是这世上最优秀的史诗，也没有什么么聚合的、总体的、或完全的效果——而这恰好是个事实。 至于《伊利亚特》，虽说我们尚无确凿证据，但至少已有充分的理由认为，它原本是被作为一系列抒情诗的组合；不过即便承认这部作品当初是被有意写成史诗，我也只能说它的根据是一种有缺陷的艺术观念。现代的史诗都是古代模本的翻版，仅仅是一种轻率而盲目的摹仿。不过这种艺术上的异常现象已经结束，产生这种现象的时代已经过去。如果说真有什么长诗在什么时候盛行过的话（对此我表示怀疑），今后也绝不会再有长诗广为流行了——这一点至少是清楚的。 如果我们规定，在其它因素都相同的前提下，诗的长度就是衡量其价值的标准，那这看上去无疑是个荒唐透顶的主张——不过我们看出这主张之荒唐却多亏了各期《评论季刊》[2]。就一部诗作而论，能长期博得那些善冷嘲热讽的活页短论的喝彩，当然不可能是由于纯形式上的原因——不可能仅仅因为其篇幅的长度！诚然一座山只要能给我们山体高大的感觉，便会给我们留下巍峨壮丽的印象；但没有人会按这种方式去感觉诗歌作品，谁也不会因《哥伦比亚德》[3]部头大就对它肃然起敬。连《评论季刊》也不曾教导我们这样去被它感动。到今天为止，这份季刊也没坚持要我们评价拉马丁[4]必须凭其诗作的体积，评价波洛克[5]必须凭其诗卷的重量。但据该刊对“长期不
爱伦坡短篇小说赏析
一声梧叶一声秋 ——由《人群中的人》浅析爱伦坡笔下的现代社会版权所有：快绿斋主人浙江大学 内容梗概 “我”大病初愈坐在伦敦D咖啡馆的窗前，掌灯时分，观察咖啡馆里和街上的人群。一开始“我”只是总体看，后来开始关注细节，从他们的服饰和举止来判断他们的身份和地位。 “我”先观察上流社会的人。他们中有“志得意满”“虚伪夸张”的世袭贵族、有闲阶级和生意人；也有“傲慢”、追逐时髦的低级职员和“体面”的高级职员；还有“假作诚实”的扒手，“印堂发黑”的赌徒，“耍小聪明”的“绅士。 接着“我”观察下层社会的人：小贩、醉汉、乞丐、女工、妓女……随着夜深，他们越来越多。“我”转而观察每个人的面孔。 这是“我”观察到一个老人，他有着极为特殊的表情，充满了矛盾，那表情“包含着巨大的精神力量，包含着小心谨慎，包含着吝啬小气，包含着贪婪，包含着冷酷，包含着恶毒，包含着渴血，包含着得意，包含着快活，包含着极度的恐惧，也包含着无比的绝望”。“我”想进一步观察他，于是就开始跟踪他。 老人的衣着也充满矛盾，又脏又破的衣服下竟有一把镶钻的短剑。“我”跟随老人来到一条条街，如果人少，老人就痛苦不安；如果人多，老人就快活紧张。从街巷到集市，从广场到大剧院，最后甚至到了贫民区。当人们渐渐散去，老人脸上是“比绝望还强烈的表情”。 然而他并不停止，又回到市中心，像昨天一样又开始追逐人群。 “我”最终不再追踪，而是径直来到老人面前，但他对“我”视而不见。“我”得出结
论：老人是人群中的人，“我”无法了解他。 作家简介 埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe,1809_1849）是美国19世纪诗人、短篇小说家和文艺评论假。在诗歌方面，爱伦坡可以与弗罗斯特和惠特曼等大诗人一比高下，吟哦他创作了一批以音韵美和悲恸美著称于世的诗篇。在小说方面，他也能与马克吐温和福克纳等大小说家相提并论，因为他开创了美国侦探小说和现代科幻小数的先河，用演绎心灵恐怖的创作手法提升了哥特小数的艺术地位，并以夸张怪诞的方式渲染了讽刺的效果。至于在文学评论方面，他又可以与亨利詹姆斯等文学评论家相比较，因为他推崇“为艺术而艺术”的主张和易“激荡读者心灵”为目标的效果理论，从而成为美国批评界独树一帜的人物。 《人群中的人》一文是在1840年写作并发表的。当时爱伦坡供职于《格雷姆杂志》，1839年他写出了著名的《厄舍古屋的崩塌》和《威廉威尔逊》两部哥特小说。这一时期是成年后爱伦坡第一次过上了经济相对宽裕的生活。在《人群中的人》后，同年，他又写出了《摩格街谋杀案》，1841年，他写了《大漩涡底余生记》、仙女岛》和《艾蕾奥瑙拉》。【1】 摘要： 本文基于对爱伦坡《人群中的人》细致赏析，结合爱伦坡在这一时期的生活背景，分析作者在本文中表达的对现代社会的态度和深刻见解及预见性。并联系现实评定这篇文章在现在的意义。 本文分为两部分：第一部分，从环境、人物两方面分析《人群中的人》；第二部分，结合爱伦坡的世界观和文艺理论归纳出作者对现代社会的反思并通过比较几篇爱伦坡相近主题的诗歌进一步体会《人群中的人》想要表达的深刻思想 关键字：现代社会 孤独 爱伦坡 从作家简介中我们可以看到，爱伦坡在这一时期开始尝试新的文体。他刚刚攀到哥特小说的顶峰，就迫不及待地朝着其他高峰进发，比如说科幻小说等。这篇文章在《爱伦坡小说全解》中将其归入道德自省类，是比较合适的。他通过对人物的描写，让读者对他笔下人物的内心进行解读。虽然，《人群中的人》仍带有与哥特小说类似的文章布局，比如先渲染氛围，着重表达心理的感受，但却没有哥特小说最大的特点：惊悚、恐怖、悬疑。所以说这篇小说无疑是爱伦坡的一个新的尝试。