8A 5--6和8B1--4语法总结

8B Unit 3—4 单元语法。

被动语态。

一、当遇到所给词汇是动词时，要先判定主语与动词的关系-------若主语是动词所代表动作的执行者就要用主动语态，

根据句子里的时间状语判定时态即可；若主语是动作的承受者，则首先确定要用被动语态，再根据句子里的时间状语判定时态。

二、基本构成：主语+be +动词的过去分词

三、各种时态的被动语态

1. 一般现在时例如：这个游戏被设置在地球上。

2. 一般过去时例如：他刚刚被选为这次演出的主持人。

3. 现在完成时例如：这些钱已经被捐给了慈善机构。

4. 一般将来时例如：慈善义演将在什么时候举行？

5. 带有情态动词的例如：帷幕应该被横挂在舞台上。

四、注意下列结构变被动语态时的特殊变化

1. 动词带双宾语结构时，当直接宾语（即物体）做主语变被动语态后要加上“to”或“for”。

例如：give sb sth ------- sth be given to sb buy sb sth ------ sth be bought for sb

2. 动词短语中不带“to”的不定式，变被动语态要加上“to”。

例如：see sb do ---- sb be seen to do hear sb do ---- sb be heard to do make sb do ---- sb be made to do see sb doing ----- sb be seen doing hear sb doing -----sb be heard doing keep sb doing --- sb be kept doing

3. 一些带有副词的动词短语，在变成被动语态时，副词不能丢掉。

例如：pay attention to sb ---- sb be paid attention to listen to sb ---- sb be listened to

look after sb ---- sb be looked after take good care of sb ----sb be taken good care of

4. hang 在强调动作时有被动语态，在强调状态时无被动语态。

例如：My coat (hang)on the wall, can’t you see it?

五、注意：只有及物动词带宾语，也只有及物动词有被动语态。下列单词或短语无被动语态。

come out sell well belong to break out appear

happen take place 感官动词如：feel smell taste

sound

改错：

1. The book was written by Lu Xun is my favourite.

2. Who was the game designed ?

3. What was happened to him ?

4. The workers have made to work for twenty hours by the boss.

5. The book must not taken out of the library.

6. The work needs to be did on time.

7. The famous star didn’t introduced by the host. 8. Will a meeting held next Monday?

9. His new book has been come out. 10. Has he been choose to be the host of the show?

8B Unit 1—2 的语法

现在完成时

一、当动作发生在过去，持续到现在仍进行或强调对现在的影响时，我们要用现在完成时态。

二、当句子中有下列单词或短语时要用现在完成时态：

already ever just never yet recently

for +一段时间since + 过去的时间点

三、基本构成是：主语+ have/ has + 动词的过去分词被动语态构成是：主语+ have/ has been + 动词的过去分词

There be 句型的现在完成时态是：there has / have been + 其他

四、has / have been to .. 例如：他已经去过那几次了。

has / have gone to .. 例如：她不住这，她去了图书馆。

五、当一句话中含有“for + 一段时间”或“since + 过去的时间点”这两个表示长时间的时间状语时，一些短暂性

动词的完成时态要改成其相应的表示状态的动词短语。例如：

buy ---- has/ have had 例如：他买这辆自行车两年多了。

borrow--- has/ have kept 例如：她借这本书近三个星期了。

Arrive---has/ have been in/ at 例如：她到北京两天了。

我到这个小镇10年了。

Leave---has/ have been away 例如：她离开家一个月了。

Join/ take part in ---has/ have been in 或has/ have been a member of

例如：我自从去年就加入了这个俱乐部.

Die—has/have been dead 例如：这只猫已经死了相当一段时间了。

Get married---has/ have been married 例如：自从20年前他们就结婚了。

Come/go----has/have been in/at 例如：他来上海已经一个小时了。

孩子们已经去公园两个小时了。

Begin/start---has/have been on 例如：电影已经开始两分钟了。

Stop---has/have been over 例如：游戏子上周日就结束了。

六、改错。

1. The book has been bought for one hour by him.

2. The book has been borrowed for two days by me.

3. Tom has left the room two hours ago.

4. The meeting has been held for half an hour ago.

5. Do you know they has got married for nearly ten years?

6. There has been many changes over the last century.

7. Kitty has had her purse since a year.

8A 5 ---6 语法

一、五种句子结构

1. S+V 如：The boy is laughing.( ) The book is interesting. ( )

2. S+V + DO 如：Sandy is lovely. ( ) He likes English . ( )

3. S+V+P 如：He seems happy. ( ) He is sleeping. ( )

4. S+V+IO+DO 如：I gave him an apple. ( ) We call him Tom.

5. S+V+DO+OC 如：We thought him a good teacher. ( ) The reserve gives wildlife an ideal home

People call Zhalong Birds’ home. The crane looks beautiful.

The students are counting the birds. I found the article on wildlife interesting.

二、形容词变副词的规律

规则：1. 2. 3.

angry close happy possible gentle true

hard

用途：

副词经常修饰动词，副词。

如：正确的回答问题错误的回答问题广泛的应用

努力工作跑得快悄悄的走近距离观察

三、过去进行时态

表示过去某一时间点正在进行的动作或过去一段时间持续进行的动作。

基本构成是：主语+ was/ were + 动词的现在分词

常用的时间状语是：at that moment at that time these days this time yesterday at nine yester evening

When 和while 在过去进行时态中的应用。

1.当动作是可持续性的动作时，经常用while 连接并跟进行时态。也可以用when .

如：I met an old friend of mine while / when I was walking along the street.

While/ when they were talking happily, the teacher came in.

= When the teacher came in , they were talking happily.

2.当主句和从句的两个动词都是延续性动词时，且表示正在发生时，可以都用进行时态，用while 连接。

如：I was reading while my mother was watching TV this time yesterday.

While the students were doing their homework, the teacher was writing something on the blackboard.

3.当两个动作同时发生，且有一个动作是短暂性动作时，短暂性动作用when 连接，另外一个动作用进行时态。

如：When the phone rang, he was listening to pop music.

The children were crying loudly when the police came into the house.

完形填空

The clock in the old building in front of Max showed six o'clock. As the clock began 36 , he noticed a tall man with a bag walking to him. 37 turned around, looked at the clock, and then moved his steps 38 . Max walked faster as well. Miss Fritz invited him for dinner. He didn't want to be 39 .

"I’m glad you could come," Miss Fritz said. "I've40 a lovely cake for us. " She pointed Max to a chair. "Good thing I prepared just now. A surprise visitor just left. " "Who 41 you?" Max asked.

"A teacher 42 a school for the deaf. He was totally deaf himself. What a poor man! But he could

43 the shape of my mouth perfectly. He wrote down 44 he wanted to tell me." "Why was he here?"

"Well, the 45 needs more money. I was glad to help out. I got 46 money from the bank so I was able to give him five hundred 47 ." "Did he just leave? Was he a 48 man with a bag?"

"Yes."

"We'd better 49 the police. I don't think that man is honest. I know for sure 50 was not totally deaf,"How did Max find it out?

36. A. going B. ringing C. running D. working

37. A. The man B. A teacher C. Max D. Miss Fritz

38. A. farther B. closer C. slower D. faster

39. A. late B. early C. polite D. tired

40. A. passed B. made C. given D. sold

41. A. helped B. decided C. visited D. traveled

42. A. by B. behind C. around D. from

43. A. fit B. read C. take D. find

44. A. what B. who C. whom D. which

45. A. factory B. police C. school D. bank

46. A. some B. little C. no D. less

47. A. chairs B. bags C. clocks D. dollars

48. A. fat B. thin C. tall D. short

49. A. beat B. save C. catch D. phone

50. A.I B. it C. he D. she

任务型阅读

Y ou may play ping-pong but perhaps you don’t know who invented it. The story is that it started when two students at Cambridge University began knocking a cork(软木塞) to each other across a table, using old boxes.

In about the year 1800, an American businessman of sports goods(体育商品) produced a game that he called Indoor Tennis. The Americans showed no interest in it. He shipped it to London and it soon became popular in Britain. The game was then played across dining room tables, or on the floor with the net string(网子) between chairs. The players used a ball made of cork or rubber.

A few years later a hollow(空的) ball like the one we use today was invented. People all over the world loved it at once. A man called Mr. Wood of London, had the idea of covering the bats(拍子) with rubber. The London businessmen who first sold the game in England called it “Ping-pong”－“ping” meant the sound of the bat hitting the ball, and “pong” was the sound of the ball hitti ng the table.