英语动词时态及语态

英语动词时态及语态
英语动词时态及语态

英语动词时态及语态

动词的种类动词是指表示动作和状态的词。动词可分五种类型:及物动词、不及物动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。

1.及物动词及物动词是指可以跟宾语的动词。如:

He is writing a letter. 他正在写信。

I smell flowers. 我闻到了花儿。

2.不及物动词不及物动词是指不可以跟宾语的动词。如:

We lived in London. 我们住在伦敦。

The window has opened. 窗已经开了。

3.系动词系动词本身没有词汇意义,也不能单独构成动词词组,必须加上表语,构成一个“系表结构”。如: He is a student. 他是一个学生。

That sounds good. 那听起来很有意思。

The child seems unhappy about it.

那孩子好象对此事不太高兴。要注意的是,有些系动词既可以用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,如 smell, sound,

look, taste等。但是它们的意思会随之发生变化。

试比较: She felt well. 她感觉很好。(系动词)

She felt something moving.

她感觉有东西在动。(及物动词,有“察觉”的意思)

He looks fine. 他看起来很好。(系动词)

He is looking at the map. 他正在看地图。(不及物动词)

4.助动词助动词本身没有意义,只是和动词结合在一起,构成动词的各种形式,助动词通常有 be, do, have。如:

Do come in, please. 请进吧。(助动词do构成强调句)

I don’t feeling very well. 我感觉不好。(助动词do与否定词not构成否定句)

当be, do, have用作普通动词时,它们有一定的词汇意义。如:

I have one sister. 我有一个妹妹。

You can do it as you like. 你可以按你愿意的方法去做。

5.情态助动词情态动词表示说话人对所说的话的态度和看法。情态动词虽然本身有一定的意义,但不能单独构成动词词组。它必须与主动词一起构成动词词组。除了本身具有表义功能外,情态动词还可用来构成疑问句。如:

Can she speak Arabic? 她会说阿拉伯语吗?

It may well rain. 天很可能下雨。

Peopl e shouldn’t ill-treat animals. 人们不应该虐待动物。

Will you help me, please? 请帮帮我的忙好吗?

动词的一般时态

1.一般现在时

(1)一般现在时的构成

动词的一般现在时主要表示当前时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。除了第三人称单数以外,一般现在时采用的是动词原形。动词第三人称单数的形式变化如下:一般动词加 -s。当动词以辅音字母加y结尾时,先将y变成i,再加-es。动词be根据人称不同,用am, is, are三种形式。动词have的第三人称单数用has。

(2)一般现在时的用法

▲表示习惯性或反复发生的动作。

He goes to school by bike everyday. 他每天骑车上学。

My father doesn’t smoke. 我爸爸不抽烟。

She is always late for class. 她上课总迟到。

▲表示客观事实、普遍真理,特别是用于表示科学事实、客观存在和格言等。

The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

Duck has two legs. 鸭子有两条腿。

▲表示现阶段存在的状态,特别适用于那些不能用进行时的动词。

I don’t agree with you. 我不同意你的观点。

The book is mine. 这书是我的。

I think you are right. 我认为你是对的。

▲表示言行同时进行的瞬间动作,主要用于实况解说、操作演示及指导说明等。

Jack passes the football to Bob, who heads it straight into the goal.

杰克把球传给鲍勃,鲍勃用头顶着直射球门。

▲用一般现在时可以表示将来意义上的时间,表示按规定或时间预计将要发生的动作或事情。 The term starts at the beginning of September. 学期从九月份开始。

▲用于表示一般将来时的主从复合句的从句中可以表示将来时;也就是说,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。

When he arrives, he’ll tell us all abou t the match.

当他到的时候,他会告诉我们这场比赛的经过。

I can’t come unless my brother agrees.

我不能来,除非我哥哥同意。用于一般现在时的时间状语有:usually, sometimes, always, often, ever, never, once a week, now and then, from time to time等。

2.一般过去时

(1)一般过去时的构成动词的一般过去时表示一个发生在过去某个特定时间的动作,一种过去的习惯,或是一个在过去某一段时间内已经结束了的动作。动词的过去形式分规则和不规则两种。规则动词在变过去时的时候,一般在动词后面加-ed,但不规则动词则各不相同。

本软件的附录里附有“不规则动词表”,供大家查阅。规则动词变化有以下五种情况。

▲一般动词直接加-ed。如: walk — walked cancel — canceled

▲如果动词的最后一个音节是重读闭音节,最后一个辅音字母要双写。如:

dip — dipped nonplus — nonplussed

▲以不发音的元音字母e结尾的动词,直接加d。如:

like — liked smoke — smoked

▲以辅音加y结尾的动词,先将y变成i,再加-ed。如:

study — studied try — tried

如果是以元音字母加y结尾的动词,则直接加-ed。如:

play — played stay — stayed

2)一般过去时的用法

▲表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内发生过的动作或存在的状态。

I wasn’t in last night. 昨晚我不在家。

▲表示过去的习惯性动作。

When he was a child, he often swam in the river.

当他还是小孩的时候,经常在这条河里游泳。

▲在条件从句中表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设。

If I were you, I wouldn’t accept the offer. 如果我是你,我不会接受这个提议。

▲用于I wish, I’d rather, I’d sooner, I’d just as soon, It’s (high) time后t hat从句中,表示与现在或将来的事实相反的主观设想。

It’s time you wen t to bed. 你该睡觉了。

▲用于表示委婉的语气。

Did you wish to see me tomorrow? 你愿意明天来看我吗?

3.一般将来时一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状况,由助动词shall或will加动词原形

构成。Shall 用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称。一般和表示时常、将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, next month, next week等。如:

I’ll go to see my grandmother next weekend. 下个周末,我要去看我的外祖母。

They will be moving to a new flat soon. 他们不久要搬入新房。

动词的完成时

动词的完成时有现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时三种。动词的完成时由“助动词have+动词的过去分词”构成。借助于have的不同时态的形式,又可以构成相应的三种完成时。这三种完成时都表示在某一时间或某个动作发生之前将要结束的动作。

1.现在完成时

(1)现在完成时由“have (has) + 动词的-ed分词”构成,表示到现在为止的一段时间内发生的情况或动作,强调的是对现在的影响,可能是已完成的动作,也可表示多次动作的总和,或习惯性的行为和持续性的动作。如:

I have cut my finger. 我割破了手。(结果:还在流血。)

I’ve always walked to school. 我一直步行去学校。(习惯性动作)

(2)动词的现在完成时也可以表示一个动作发生在过去,但一直延续到现在,并可能继续进行下去,这时常常与表示一段时间的状语连用。这类时间状语有now, today, this week, just , lately, up to now, for和since引导的短语等等。如:

I have studied English for four years. 我学英语已经有四年了。

He has lived in Shanghai since 1992. 自从1992年以来他一直住在上海。

(3)在有yet, as yet, already, just, ever, never这类副词作状语的情况下,常可用现在完成时。如:She’s just gone. 她刚走。

(4)现在完成时用于将来的情况,即主语为一般将来时,时间和条件从句中的谓语用现在完成时(而不能用将来完成时)表示将来某时完成的动作。如:

We are going after we’ve had lunch. 吃过午饭后我们走。

2.过去完成时

(1)动词的过去完成时只须把has / have改为had,同时把时间状语向前推移到过去的某一时刻或某段时间即可。在意义上,过去完成时表示在过去某一动作发生之前,另一个动作早已结束,它强调“过去的过去”的动作。也可以用来表示在过去的时间内,两个动作的一先一后,先完成的动作用“过去完成时”,后一个动作用“一般过去时”。

By the end of the month Jack had collected more than a hundred foreign stamps. 到这个月底,杰克已收集了一百多张外国邮票。

(2)在由if, if only, as if ,as though, I’d rather, I wish等引出的从句中,表示与过去事态相反的主观愿望或想法。

If the driver had been careful enough, all the passengers would have been safe now.

(3)intend, mean, hope, assume, want, think, plan等动词的过去完成时可表示一种未实现的愿望或想法。

I had assumed that you would not come here in this bad weather.

3.将来完成时

动词的将来完成时只须把has / have改为will have,同时把时间状语向前推移到将来的某一时刻或某段时间即可,也可以由句中的一个将来时动词衬托出来。在意义上,将来完成时表示在将来某个日期或某一动作发生之前,另一个动作将要结束。它强调“将来的将来” 的动作。它也可以用来表示在将来的时间内,两个动作的一先一后。先完成的动作用“将来完成时”,后一个动作用“一般现在时”。

They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

By next month I will have studied German for just two years.

动词的进行时

动词的进行时有现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时三种。动词的进行时由“助动词be+

现在分词”构成。

1.现在进行时

动词的现在进行时由be的现在时形式“am/is/are+现在分词”构成,主要用于以下几方面。

(1)现在进行时主要表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。如:

They are having military training these days. 这些天,他们一直在军训。

I am waiting for the bus. 我正在等公共汽车。

(2)表示按计划将要发生的动作,通常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如:

My grandmother is coming to see me next week. 我奶奶下周要来看我。

Are going to the theater tonight? 你今晚去看戏剧吗?

(3)arrive, go, come, start, leave等瞬间动词的现在进行时表示将来的动作。如:She’s coming tomorrow. 她明天来。

◆注意事项有些动词不能用于进行时,一般只用于一般时。

(1)表示感觉的动词:see, hear, feel, notice, look, seem, appear, smell, taste;

(2)表示感情的动词:hate, love, fear, want, wish, like, refuse, forgive, prefer;

(3)表示思考和理解的动词:think, understand, know, believe, doubt, forget, remember;

(4)表示存在状况的动词:be, exist, stay, remain, obtain;

(5)表示从属与占有的动词:possess, own, have, contain, belong, consist of;

(6)其它:owe, differ, form, resemble, apply to, 等等。

2.过去进行时

动词的过去进行时由助动词be的过去时形式“was/were+动词的现在分词”构成,其用法与现在进行时有相同之处,只是把动作发生的时间向前推移到过去某一特定时刻或某段时间之内。

(1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如:

I was reading a novel when you came in.

(2)表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。如:

Tom was always calling me up.

(3)指过去将来时间,常用于时间状语分句和条件分句中。如:

She asked me to say hello to her daughter in Singapore when I was visiting the city.

(4)表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,通常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如:

He was attending the conference then.

3.将来进行时

动词的将来进行时由助动词“will be+动词的现在分词”构成,其用法与现在进行时有相同之处,只是把动作发生的时间向后推移到将来某一特定时刻或某段时间之内。

(1)表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作。如:

I will be working in the department store next month.

(2)表示原因、结果和可能。如:

I won’t be free tomorrow. I’ll be seeing a friend off.(表示原因)

If you don’t come, we shall be wondering what h as happened to you.(表示结果) She will be telling you about it this afternoon.(表示可能性)

(3)在口语中表示预计将要发生或势必要发生的动作。如:

Who will be taking over his job?

(4)还可以表委婉语气。如:

If you will be wanting anything, just let me know.

动词的完成进行时

动词的完成进行时实际上是进行时的一种加强形式,表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现

在的动作,其用法与进行时也大致相同。

1.现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时由“have (has) + 现在分词”构成,主要表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间里一直在进行的动作,这个动作可能仍然进行,也可能停止了一会儿。如:She is ill. She’s been lying in the bed for two weeks.

她病了,已卧床两个星期。(动作会继续下去)

现在完成进行时也可以用来表示现在以前这段时期反复发生的事情。如:

You’ve b een saying that for five years. 这话你已经说了有五年了。

2.过去完成进行时

过去完成进行时由“had + been + V - ing”构成,表示开始于过去的过去某一时刻但到过去某一时刻还在进行的动作。如:

He told me he had been writing the paper for one month.

他告诉我他写论文写了一个月了。过去完成时还可以表示开始于过去的过去某一时刻但到过去某一时刻刚刚结束的动作。如:

It had been snowing heavily, and the ground was covered with a thick layer of snow. 雪一直下得很大,地面有了厚厚的一层雪。

3.将来完成进行时

将来完成进行时表示将来某时前一直进行的动作,是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。如:I shall have been working here in this factory for eight years by the end of the year. 到今年年底,我将在这个工厂工作八年了。

动词的将来时

1.现在将来时

⑴表示将要发生的动作或状况,由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成。Shall用于第一人

称,will用于第二、三人称。在美国,一般都用will,一般和next month, tomorrow, in a few

days等。如:They’ll finish the job ahead of time. 他们将提前完成任务。

⑵表示预料中要发生的动作。

如: They will be moving to a new flat soon. 他们不久要搬入新房。

2.过去将来时

⑴过去将来时由“should / would + 动词原形”构成,第一人称用should,其他人称用would。在美国,第一人称也多用would。主要表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或将来会存在的状态,其常用在间接引语中。如:

She said she would come back the next day. 他说他第二天回来。

⑵过去将来时也可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。在此种情况下,不管什么人称,都用 would。如: Every evening they would talk with the teacher. 每天晚上他们都和老师谈天。动词的语态动词的语态有两种:一是主动语态,一是被动语态。动作的发出者是句子的主语,则为主动态;如果动作承受者是句子的主语,则为被动态。

1.被动语态的构成

被动语态主要由“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成;而时态则由助动词的各种变化来表示,要注意助动词be的时态度必须与相应的主动句保持一致,被动语态还可以由

get构成。如: John was fired last week.

My finger got badly burnt, now it becomes swollen.

可与get相搭配的过去分词有:broken, burnt, killed, hurt, washed, lost, confused, married, dressed, divorced, engaged等。

2.被动语态的时态与主动语态一样,动词的被动语态也有很多变化。现以take为例

\f 现在时: is (are) taken

\f 现在进行时: is (are) being taken

\f 现在完成时: have (has) been taken

\f 过去时: was (were) taken

\f 过去进行时: was (were) being taken

\f 过去完成时: had been taken

\f 过去将来时: should (would) be taken

\f 将来时: shall (will) be taken

\f 将来完成时: shall (will) have been taken

\f 过去将来完成时:should (would) have been taken

应注意:

⑴被动语态通常不用将来进行时或各种完成进行时时态.

⑵带情态动词的被动语态由“can (may, must, need等) + be + 过去分词”构成。

⑶英语中有些动词短语是及物的,后面可以跟宾语,它们也可以使用被动语态,要注意不要遗漏了动词后面的副词或介词。如: The lights have been turned off. 灯已经关了。The children are well looked after in the kindergarten.

孩子们在幼儿园被照顾得不错。

⑷英语中有些动词,在带动词不定式时必须省略不定式符号to(主动句);但是在转化为被动态时,必须添加上to。这些动词有make, let, see, watch, help等。

3.被动语态的用法

⑴当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。如:

This book was published before Liberation. 本书出版于解放前。

This film will be shown again next month. 这部电影下个月要再次放映。

⑵当强调的是动作而不是动作的执行者时。如: Five persons were killed in the accident. 五人在事故中丧生。

英语虚拟语气重点归纳和练习

1.一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。

2.虚拟语气的特殊形式,即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。

3.主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况,从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。

4.含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。

下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。

一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型

(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气

A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be 动词用were)。

B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+ 动词原形。

C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。

The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.

---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”

---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”

I wish that he weren’t so lazy.

(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形,表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。

His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.

(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。

例如:I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。

I would prefer he didn’t’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。

I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。(4)It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.

It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。

(5)as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形,引导让步虚拟从句,这种用法通常采用倒装结构:

Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.

The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

(6)由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式,即should(might, would)+动词原形,例如:

She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。

The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.

(7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反,if it had not been for与过去事实相反,两个都相当于but for:

If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.

(8) 虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中,其动词形式与wish 宾语从句的形式相同。例如:She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑,而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样,常常流露出来。

They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着,就好像是多年的老朋友一样。

She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。

(9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等

If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry. 二、特殊形式的虚拟语气

虚拟语气的特殊形式,即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式,其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。

A、用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中,这类动词有:ask要求advise建议arrange安排beg请求command命令decide决定demand要求desire渴望determine决定insist坚持intend打算maintain坚持主张move建议,动员propose提议object反对order命令prefer建议require 需要request要求resolve下决心recommend推荐suggest建议stipulate约定,规定urge强调,促进vote公认,提议decree 颁布(法令)pray请求

注意:这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外,也可以接doing或者to do…来表达,一般情况下,意思没有什么差别。

She advised that we should keep the gate locked.(书面体)

She advised us to keep the gate locked.(口语)

She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便)

B、用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中,这类形容词或分词有:

advisable合理的decided决定的crucial关键的appropriate恰当的determined决定的commanded命令的arranged安排的essential紧要的,基本的complied遵照anxious焦急的imperative迫切的important重要的desirable合意的better较好的,更好insistent坚持的desired想要asked请求keen渴望的incredible难以置信的adamant坚定不移的natural自然的insisted坚持necessary必要的suggested建议urgent紧迫的ordered命令

shocked震惊的vital极其重要的possible可能的strange 奇怪的preferable (好一点)proposed提议requested要求的required要求的recommended推荐resolved决定的probable(可能的)pity可惜,憾事shame遗憾

注意:这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外,也可以for…to do…

来表达,一般情况下,意思没有什么差别。

It is essential that he should be prepared for this.

It is essential for him to be prepared for this.

C.用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中,这类名词常见的有:

advice忠告decision决定demand要求desire要求、愿望insistence坚持motion提议necessity必要性order命令preference偏爱proposal提议pray恳求recommendation推荐request要求requirement要求resolution决心suggestion劝告、忠告

This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议:要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。

The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。

三、混合虚拟语气

有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间,这时需要用混合虚拟语气。一般来说,在这种情况下,主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同,所以我们又可以错综时间条件句,在这种虚拟情况,动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用,在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语:时间状语。绝大多数情况下,从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语,这是我解题的关键。

If you that late movie last night, you wouldn’t’t be so sleepy.

A. haven’t watched

B. didn’t’t watch

C. hadn’t watched

D. wouldn’t’t have watched 答案选C。

Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something.

Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.

混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句,这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同,而重要是事实和假设的混合。

I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.

该句前半部分是假设虚拟,而后半部分是事实的陈述。

Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.

该句前半句用的是假设虚拟,后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟(如果你去并且解释的话),但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气,因为“父母病了”是客观事实,故不需要用虚拟形式had been。

四、含蓄虚拟条件句

含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有:

(1)介词或介词短语,如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition 等。

_____the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.

A. In spite of

B. But for

C. Because of

D. As for 答案选B。

But that she was afraid, she would have said no.

(2)连词,如:so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……),for fear that(唯恐),

in order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。

She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wanted.

If only I had more money, I could buy a car.

(注:lest, for fear that 和in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如:

The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。

Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎,以免会发生溢流现象。

(3)通过上下文及内在含义,句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。

I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake.

A. were sleeping

B. would be sleeping

C. had been sleeping

D. would sleep选择B。

(4)形容词及其比较级

A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.

A less conscientious man wouldn’t’t have tried so hard to get this job done.

(5)分词短语

Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident.

Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father.

(6)动词不定式短语。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。

I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time.

To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman.

She would be stupid not to accept his invitation.

It would be easier to do it this way.

(7)名词短语和名词+and结构

A judicious man would not have committed suicide.

A diligent student would have worked harder.

(8)独立主格结构

All things considered, the price would be reasonable.

(9)定语从句

Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same.

A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight.

(10)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气:

I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.

The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.

(11)动词原形表示虚拟

动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟,最常见于正式文体中,动词原形一般用在条件从句中,有时倒装置于句首,同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。

God bless you!

All magnets behave the same, be they large or small.

She’ll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come May =when May come).

If that be so, we shall take action at once.

强化训练:虚拟语气

1.Were it not for the snowy weather, we __all right.

A. would be

B. would have been

C. were

D. may be

2. __more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were

B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be

D. If the captain would have been

3. If he__ me tomorrow, I would let him know.

A. should call

B. should not have been able

C. were not able

D. are not able

4. If you asked your father you __permission.

A. may get

B. might get

C. should have called

D. maybe get

5. __today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave

B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave

D. If he leaves

6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was

B. Had been

C. Will be

D. Were

7.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______all practical value by the time they were finished.

A. could lose

B. would have lost

C. might lose

D. ought to have lost

8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ______our chairman now.

A. must have been

B. would have been

C. were

D. would be

9. If you __Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.

A. shouldn’t’t contact

B. didn’t’t contact

C. weren’t’t to contact

D. hadn’t contacted

10. __the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday

A. In spite of

B. But for

C. Because of

D. As for

11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I __your advice

A. follow

B. would follow

C. had followed

D. have followed

12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he__ our chairman now.

A. must have been

B. would have been

C. were

D. hadn’t contacted

13. If the horse won today, it__ thirty races in five years.

A. would have won

B. won

C. must have won

D. did have won

14. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been

15. The board deemed it urgent that these files__ right away.

A. had to be printed

B. should have been printed

C. must be printed

D. should be printed

16. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it __in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.

A. is to be analyzed

B. has been analyzed

C. be analyzed

D. should have been analyzed

17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ____ fully occupied the whole of last week. A. were B. had been C. have been D. was

18. I apologize if I__ you, but I assure you it was unintentional.

A. offend

B. had offended

C. should have offended

D. might have offended

19. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d__ there by now.

A. be

B. circles

C. is circling

D. be circling

20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _____round the earth.

A. were circling

B. circles

C. is circling

D. be circling

21. I wish that I ______ with you last night.

A. went

B. have gone

C. could go

D. could have gone

22. I wish I __with her. A. would be B. am C. was D. were

23. I wish that I __the concert last night.

A. could

B. have attended

C. could have attended

D. attended

24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I __to it.

A. had not gone

B. have not gone

C. did not go

D. can not have gone

英语时态总结(完整)

英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。) 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。 (1)一般现在时 基本形式(以do为例): 第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数); 肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他; He works for us. 否定句:主语+don…t/doesn't+动词原形+其他; He doesn't work for us. 一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。 肯定回答:Yes,(+主语+do/does). 否定回答:No,(+主语+don't/doesn't.) 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语 Does he work for us? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't What does he do for us? He works for us. (2)一般过去时 be动词+行为动词的过去式 否定句式:在行为动词前加didn…t,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not; was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词 例如:Did he work for us? He didn't work for us. He worked for us. (3)一般将来时 am/are/is+going to+do 或 will/shall+do am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do; 一般将来时的表达方法 be going to +动词原形 be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形

高中英语语法(时态和语态)

高中英语语法(时态和语态) 一.动词的时态 时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常见的只有九种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。 (一)一般现在时(do / does) 1.具体用法 1) 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是互相关心互相帮助。 He goes to school every day. 2)表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy. Do you sing? ----A little. 3)表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。 Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜过言语。 * 常与一般现在时态连用的词或短语主要有:often, usually, sometimes, every day, every morning/afternoon, on Sundays/weekends等等。 I often go to the cinema on Sundays. 我经常星期天去看电影。 He goes to work early every day. 他每天上班很早。 (二)一般过去时( did ) (1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如: We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如: He always went to class last. I used to do my homework in the library. (三)一般将来时( will / shall do) 1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如: I shall graduate next year. 2)一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如 Crops will die without water. You won’t succeed with out their support. 3) 几种替代形式: *be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如: I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money. *be to +v表示计划安排要做的事,具有"必要"的强制性意义。例如: I am to play tennis this afternoon. *be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如: He was about to start. *be due to +v表示预先确定了的事,必定发生的事。例如: The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5)少数动词如:begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等的一般现在时可用来表示将来的动作。(多用来表示按计划事先安排好即将发生的动作,句中通常还有一个表示将来的时间状语)。例如: The meeting begins at seven.

英语动词时态语态知识点详解

英语动词时态语态知识点详解 一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 例句: He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一:表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。 I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有: 时间:when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/ the minute, the day; 条件:if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三:在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter+宾语从句中,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作,我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四:在the more…the more…(越……越……) 的句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。 例句: We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一:在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。 Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二:表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)。Marry is leaving on Friday.

高考英语动词时态和语态练习题

2007高考动词时态和语态 1. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time. [2007 全国卷I] A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago. [2007 全国卷 I] A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been 3. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home. [2007 全国卷II] A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking 4. —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night? —I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. [2007 全国卷II] A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t 5. —Did you tidy your room? [2007 上海卷] —No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 6. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. [2007 上海卷] A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered never have been able to afford to go. 7. They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d [2007 山东卷] A.had got B.got C.have got D.get 8. —Did Peter fix the computer himself? —He ______, because he doesn't know much about computers. [2007 安徽卷] A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it 9. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years. [2007 安徽卷] A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking 10. —How can I apply for an online course? —Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you. [2007 北京卷] A.see B.are seeing C. have seen D. will see 11. I got caught in the rain and my suit____.[2007 北京卷] A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 12. —It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. —Oh, don’t mention it. I _____past your house anyway. [2007 北京卷] A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come 13. —I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.[2007 福建卷] —Impossible. She TV with me in my home then. A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching 14. Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. [2007 福建卷]

(完整版)各种时态的被动语态举例

各种时态的被动语态举例(以动词do为例) 1.一般现在时(am/ is/ are +done) English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 2.一般过去时(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 3.一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 4.现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时,机器正在被修理。 The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。 A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 5.现在完成时(have/ has been + done) Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止,已经种了二百棵树了。 The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。 6.过去完成时(had been+done) They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。 He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。 7.含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,"be+过去分词"部分不变。如: Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句) 动词的主动形式表示被动之意 系动词无被动语态:以主动形式表示被动之意 常见的系动词有: ①be动词

英语语法(时态、语态)

动词时态 一、一般现在时 1.定义:表示经常发生的情况、有规律出现的情况、总是发生的事和事实真理。 2.时间状语:Always,usually,often,sometimes,every week (day,year,month…),once a week(day,year,month…),on Sundays(on Mondays …). 3.基本结构:主语+ do/does +其他;(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)。 4.否定形式:主语+ am/is/are + not + 其他(此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词)。 5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 6.例句:(1)It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。 (2)He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人。 (3)Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。 二、一般过去时 1.定义:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,last(year,night,month…),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long ago,once upon a time. 3.基本结构:主语+ 动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词。 4.否定形式:主语+ was/were + not + 其他(在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词)。 5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。 6.例句:(1)She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。 (2)I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。 三、一般将来时 1.定义:表示将要发生的动作、打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语:Tomorrow,soon,in a few minutes,the day after tomorrow,etc. 3.基本结构:(1)主语+ am/is/are + going to + do sth (2)主语+ will/shall + do + do sth 4.否定句:在系动词is/am/are或情态动词will/shall后加not 5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。{首字母大写} 6.例句:(1)They are going to have a competition with us in studies. 他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研究。 (2)It is going to rain.天要下雨了。 四、一般过去将来时 1.定义:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语:The next day (morning \,year…),the following month(week…),etc. 3.基本结构:主语+ was/were + going to + do + 其它;主语+ would/should + do +其它 4.否定形式:主语+ was/were + not + going to + do; 主语+ would/should + not + do.

高考英语动词时态和语态练习题

动词时态和语态练习题 1. We _____ with you for the time being. A. will stay B. will be staying C. would stay D. have stayed 2. —Who sings best in your class? —Mary _____. A. is B. does C. do D. sing 3. She _____ her pen in her room now. A. finds B. is finding C. looks for D. is looking for 4. What _____ you _____ tomorrow morning? A. are/going to do B. are/doing C. are/done D. have/done 5. It was not long before the water _____ cold. A. is feeling B. feels C. felt D. was feeling 6. I _____ as soon as you come back. A. went B. have gone C. am going D. shall go 7. The scientist _____ Canada and he will give us a talk when he _____ back. A. has gone to/comes B. has been to/will come C. has gone to/will come D. has been to/comes 8. He found his book this morning, but now he _____ his pen. A. loses B. is missing C. has lost D. lost 9. She ___?_ to her hometown several times. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. is going 10. It _____ Jane and Mary who helped me the other day. A. is B. was C. are D. were 11. I _____ to bed when the telephone rang. A. have been B. went C. am going D. was going 12. Jane _____ some washing this time yesterday. A. is doing B. had done C. was doing D. did 13. When I got to the school, the first class _____. A. had begun B. began C. is beginning D. has begun 14. Mother promised she _____ me an English-Chinese dictionary.

初中8种常用时态的被动语态

被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者。在历年的中考题中,都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目。因此,在总复习阶段,有必要对被动语态进行系统复习。下面就来介绍被动语态复习的"三步曲",来帮助大家掌握这个语法项目。 第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构 被动语态由"助动词+及物动词的过去分词"构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下: 8种常用时态的被动语态 由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。 (1) 一般现在时:am/is/are +过去分词。如: Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。 (2) 一般过去时:was/were+过去分词。如: The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。 (3) 现在进行时:am/is/are being +过去分词。如: The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。 (4) 过去进行时:was/were being +过去分词。如: This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。 (5) 一般将来时:will be +过去分词。如: The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。 (6) 过去将来时:would be +过去分词。如: The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。 (7) 现在完成时:have/has been +过去分词。如: This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。 (8) 过去完在时:had been +过去分词。如: When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时,发现票已卖完了。 (9)含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done如: Y our homework must be handed in today. 第二曲:掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法 把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步:1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; 2)主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式; 3)主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以省略。请看示范: 主动语态:My brother repaired that bike yesterday. 主语谓语动词宾语其余部分 被动语态:That bike was repaired (by my brother) yesterday. 主语谓语动词by+宾语其余部分 在中考题中,对于主动语态变为被动语态方法的考查,主要在句型转换题目中出现。只要能够按照上面介绍的方法去做,一般是能够做对的。 第三曲:注意主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型 1.含有短语动词的被动语态 一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。另外,许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,后面也可加宾语。在变被动语态时,注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词,

高中英语语法(时态语态)练习精选

高中英语语法(时态语态篇)练习题精选 ( ) 1. –Where is the morning paper?–I ________ for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 2. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 3. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 4. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating. A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine ( ) 5. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ______ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go ( ) 6. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be ( ) 7. They ________ an English evening next Sunday. A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have ( ) 8. Sorry, I can’t open the door, for I the key to it. A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost ( ) 9. —It’s good to see you again, Agnes. —This has been our first chance to visit since from Iran. A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning ( ) 10. — Did you expect Frank to come to the party? — No, but I had hoped . A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come ( ) 11. — Bob must be very wealthy. — Yes, he more in one day than I do in a week.

英语16大时态及8种被动语态

动词的时态 在英语中,由于谓语动作发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要发生相应的变化.这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态. 英语动词的时态共有16种,列表如下:(以动词write 为例) 被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be 加过去分词构成,时态通过be 表现出来.构成被动语态的一般疑问句时,须将第一个助动词移至主语之前,构成被动语态的否定句时,助动词后须加not. 各个时态的被动形式列表如下:(以动词teach 为例) 英语被动语态讲解 语态的基本概念和种类 语态是动词的一种形式,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。 如:They built the bridge. 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 write writes am is writing are has written have has been writing have 过去 wrote was writting were had written had been writing 将来 shall write will shall be writing will shall have written will shall have been writing will 过去将来 should write would should be writing would should have written would should have been writing would 一般 进行 完成 现在 am is taught are am is being taught are has been taught have 过去 was taught were was being taught were had been taught 将来 shall be taught will 过去将来 should be taught would

高中语法时态和语态

一、动词的时态和语态 名称构成用法 一般现在时do/does,( 连系动词 is/am/are ) 1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、 科学事实、格言,目前的特征、状态、能力等。 2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现 在时表示将来。 I’ll go there after I finish my work. If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there. 3.在以he re,there开头的句子里,go,come等少数动词 的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 There comes the bus.汽车来了。 Here she comes.她来了。 一般过去时did,( 连系动词 was/were) 表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况,或 过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。 现在进行时is/am/are doing 1.表示正在进行的动作。 2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。 She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。 He is working as a teacher tomorrow. 从明天起他要做老师。 My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。 3.代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。 The Changjiang River is flowing into the east. 长江江水滚滚向东流。 The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。 过去进行时was/were doing 1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示) He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行 They were still working when I left. 3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生 I was writing while he was watching TV. 4.表示过去将来动作 He said she was arriving the next day. 现在完成时has/have done 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,说 话时已 完成的动作。 I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room. 2.表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用。 He has learned English for six years. They have worked here since they left college.

初中英语语法与时态语态总结表

初中英语时态语态总结表

Ⅰ. 初中英语八种时态归纳复习

时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容,广大初中学生在实际运用时,往往对时态总是倍感棘手,下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。 一、一般现在时: 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词 否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时: 概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词 否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时: 概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构:am/is/are+doing 否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时: 概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构:was/were+doing 否定形式:was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时: 概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

高考英语专题历年真题汇编动词的时态和语态-三年高考

专题七动词的时态和语态 2017年高考题 【2017·天津卷】8. I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove 【2017·江苏卷】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______. A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed 【2017·江苏卷】31.He’s been informed that he _______ for the scholarship because of his academic background. A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying 【2017·北京卷】33. People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result. A. will have B. have C. had D. had had 【2017·北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet. A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented 【2017·北京卷】24. —______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Ye s. They are happy with it. A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling 2016年高考题 1.【2016·北京】21. Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred. A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work 2.【2016·北京】2 3. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? —The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours. A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting 3.【2016·北京】25. I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read 4.【2016·北京】30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end. A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded 5.【2016·江苏】22.More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. A.are made B. will be made C. are being m ade D. have been made 6.【2016·江苏】29.Dashan, who_________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. A.will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learning 7.【2016·天津】3. When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years. A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see 8.【2016·浙江】9. Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. A.had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becoming 2015年高考题 1.【2015·北京】2 2.--Did you enjoy the party?--Yes,we___by our hosts. A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated 2.【2015·北京】26.in the last few years,China ___ great achievements in environmental protection. A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making 3.【2015·北京】27.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house? —Not really.She___us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily? A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give 4.【2015·北京】30. —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.—All right. I____ him later. A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling 5.【2015·重庆】1.—Is Peter coming?—No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute. A.changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed 6.【2015·重庆】13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.

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