The economics
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With an emphasis on self assessments, Developing Management Skills gets readers involved in the learning experience, helping them connect the theories to their own lives. Further, this text focuses on developing
the ten essential skills needed for success and gives readers tangible goals to work towards.
Developing Self-Awareness; Managing Personal Stress; Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively; Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively; Gaining Power and Influence; Motivating Others; Managing Conflict; Empowering and Delegating; Building Effective Teams and Teamwork; Leading Positive Change
For readers interested in developing their management skills by enhancing the effectiveness of their interpersonal personal skills.
Editorial Reviews
Product Description
With an emphasis on self assessments, Developing Management Skills gets readers involved in the learning experience, helping them connect the theories to their own lives. Further, this text focuses on developing the ten essential skills needed for success and gives readers tangible goals to work towards.
Developing Self-Awareness; Managing Personal Stress; Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively; Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively; Gaining Power and Influence; Motivating Others; Managing Conflict; Empowering and Delegating; Building Effective Teams and Teamwork; Leading Positive Change
For readers interested in developing their management skills by enhancing the effectiveness of their interpersonal personal skills.
From the Back Cover
With Whetten and Cameron's unique five-step model, learn the skills that turn good ideas into accepted practice—and good management!
Skills-based, interactive, and cross-cultural, David Whetten and Kim Cameron's newest edition of Developing Management Skills will help you bridge the gap between learning management skills and applying those skills to the managing job at hand. Filled with experiential exercises, examples, and the latest in technology, this book clearly focuses on the skills aspect of management.
The authors present a five-step process in each chapter for assessing, learning, analyzing, practicing, and applying your own abilities to build the foundation for effective management practice. Building on your personal, interpersonal, and group skills, Developing Management Skills is an interactive tool based on the authors' extensive and updated research on effective managers in private and public companies.
Here are a few of the highlights of this fifth edition: ?Material on nine fundamental management skills, organized into
three categories, to help you master the skills you'll use in
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o Personal(Developing Self-Awareness; Managing Stress;
Solving Problems Creatively)
o Interpersonal(Coaching, Counseling, and Supportive
Communication; Gaining Power and Influence; Motivating
Others; Managing Conflict)
o Group Skills(Empowering and Delegating; Building Effective Teams and Teamwork)
?New material on cross-cultural perspectives, including a useful framework for comparing cultural values and providing examples of how people with different cultural values use different
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?Three updated supplemental sections on applied communications skills—"Making Oral and Written Presentations," "Conducting
Interviews," and "Conducting Meetings"—to help prepare you for the various types of communication required of managers.
?NEW! Part-Ending Skills Video segments featuring key management skills topics that focus on a fictional Internet company. Each
segment offers a scenario with two options from which students
select and evaluate their choices. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
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What is economics
What is economics? There is no single adequate definition of what economics actually is, and the old joke that “economics is what economists do” is hardly helpful. A famous economist of the past, Alfred Marshall (1842-1924), said: Economics is the study of mankind in the ordinary business of life; it examines that part of individual and social action which is most closely connected with the attainment and with the use of the material requisites of well-being. Economics has also been defined as the study of decision-making; decisions which involve choosing between alternatives in the related activities of earning, spending, producing and consuming, all with the object of achieving material well-being. In short, economics is, like sociology, law and politics, a study on aspect of human behavior. It is important and relevant to all of us because it is concerned with such everyday activities as buying things, getting a job, using a bank and paying tax. Economics is concerns with people’s wants, in particular the ir material wants, and how they can be satisfied. Economics is often thought of as a science. However, it is a very inexact science because it is a social science, and is affected by the
CFA一级典型例题 Economics 经济学
Economics 1. For markets with perfectly elastic supply, the introduction of a tax will most likely result in: A. a price increase and the seller pays the entire tax. B. a price increase and the buyer pays the entire tax. C. no change in price and the seller pays the entire tax. Answer: B When supply is perfectly elastic (horizontal supply curve) the price increases by the amount of tax and the seller passes on the entire tax burden to the buyer. 2. If the quantity demanded of pears falls by 4% when the price of apples decreases by 3%, then apples and pears are best described as: A. substitutes B. complements C. inferior goods Answer: A The cross elasticity of demand is defined as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in the price of a substitute or complement. If the cross elasticity of demand is positive, the goods are substitutes. In this case, the 4 % decline in quantity of pears is divided by the 3 % decline in the price of apples, which is a positive number, -4 / -3 = +1.333333. 3. Consider the following data for a firm operating in perfect competition. Quantity Total Revenue Total Cost 21 $210 $138 22 $220 $145 23 $230 $154 24 $240 $165 The fi rm’s profit-maximizing output (in units) is most likely: A. 21 B. 23 C. in excess of 24 Answer = B Under perfect competition, economic profits are maximized where marginal revenue equals marginal cost; in this case where marginal cost crosses $10 per unit. Profits are maximized at 23 units of production. 4. For a firm in perfect competition, as the quantity of labor increases, the marginal revenue product most likely diminishes because of a decline in:
management economics
BA and virgin Atlantic price fixing .and apply game theory Introduction This article I analyze the price-fixing of the BA and Virgin Atlantic Airways, in the critical part, I use game theory to explain. Price fixing and apply game theory is very important for company. In the main part of my discussion of the three examples .The Price fixing is an agreement between participants on the same side in a market to buy or sell a product, service, or commodity only at a fixed price, or maintain the market conditions such that the price is maintained at a given level by controlling supply and demand. The group of market makers involved in price fixing is sometimes referred to as a cartel.(For Wikipedia) Game theory is a method of studying strategic decision making. More formally, it is "the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers. Body They Virgin is run by an entrepreneur, Richard Branson. He established his reputation and wealth through the Virgin music business which has now been sold. The airline started in 1984 with a solitary Boeing 747 on the New York to London route and by 1993 had expanded its fleet to 8, and had won landing slots at London Heathrow and extra slots into Tokyo. BA was unhelpful to Virgin denying it access to the Heathrow night flight simulator which it made readily available to a domestic competitor, British Midland. Following the take-over of British Caledonian, BA stopped their contract to service Virgin aircraft. ‘Treat others as you would like to be treated yourself.’ (British Airways, Code of Business Conduct, 2010) BA staff in New York phoned Virgin passengers, often in their hotels at inconvenient hours, offering first class seats or Concorde seats instead of their flights with Virgin. Sometimes, they suggested that Virgin had difficulties and the passengers had to transfer. New Consumer, (2004). To do this BA staff posed as Virgin staff. In order to contact the passengers BA staff obtained illegal access to Virgin's passenger and loading information. Virgin also subsequently alleged that relevant internal BA documents had been shredded (Betts and Chassell, 2011). The case shows three points. British Airways fuel price-fixing trial collapses, British Airways and Virgin Atlantic are set to pay passengers ￡100million compensation after the firms were found guilty of fuel price-fixing. Any compensation paid out to the U.S. lawsuit will reportedly go into an account to be managed by an independent auditor. The level of compensation is said to be only one third of the fuel surcharge on each flight, which could see claimants receive only a few dollars each, with any unclaimed money given to charity.(From mail online) secondly, The EU said that the airlines ”co-ordinated their action on surcharges for fuel and security without discounts “between early 1999 and 2006. The taial of three ex-British Airways executives and one current employee on price-fixing charges has collapsed.the European Commission has fined 11 airlines almost 800m euros(690m pounds)for fixing the price of air cargo between 1999 and 2006. Devendra Kodwani, Lecturer in Finance at the OU′s Business School, explains the wider implications of price fixing with four British Airways executives due to appear in court on price-fixing charges. Are alleged to have colluded with their counterparts at Virgin Atlantic concerning fuel surcharges on long-haul flights. But with the trial being delayed, Devendra also explains what mechanics of
经济学(Economics)
經濟學（Economics） 第一章經濟學的基本概念 一、經濟學的研究，是人們謀求有效解決經濟問題的探討。經濟問題 的關鍵在於人類無窮的慾望無法同時獲得滿足，有限的經濟資源在任何時候及任何社會，總是顯得相對稀少，故經濟問題也就是稀少性的問題。 二、經濟學是要研究，人類如何利用有限的資源來儘量滿足無窮欲望 的學問。經濟學是一門科學。經濟科學提出問題，針對這問題設立符合現實的假設，經由推理得到一般性的結論。 三、生產要素包括土地、勞力、資本、及企業能力。這四項生產因素 所得的報酬分別稱為地租、工資、利息、及利潤。 四、市場機能是以價格的變動為準繩，分配有限的資源，以決定生產 什麼，如何生產、為誰生產、及經濟成長的功能。為了能完全發揮市場機能，須有自由買賣、完全競爭、及資訊完全公開的條件。 五、個體經濟學以個人及個別企業的行為做為分析對象，它以個別產 品及勞務的價格為討論的核心。總體經濟學以整個國家做為研究對象。它以國民所得為討論的核心。經濟學又可分實證經濟學與規範經濟學。 六、在經濟學中，對人類的基本經濟行為有假設。即假設人是追求自 己利益的；人會喜歡多，會覺得愈多愈好；人是理性的，即行為講效率而不矛盾。 七、選擇：稀少性的存在，使人不得不做選擇。選擇時，人會比較可 得到的利益與必須放棄的代價，來做對他最有利的選擇。 第二章需要（求）與供給 一、需求是指，在一定時間內，消費者（或購買者）對於一種財貨或
勞務，在其不同價格下，所願意見能能購買的數量。需求曲線由左上方往右下方傾斜，這顯示在影響需求的其他因素不變下，需求量與價格呈減函數關係之需求法則的特性。 二、市場需要曲線是：「假定其他因素不變，消費者對某一物品，在 一特定期願意且有能力購買的價格與購買量之間的關係」。 需要是是一個點的概念，需要曲線是一條線的概念。 我們假定不變的、會影響消費者需要的其他因素裡面，包括消費者的所得、市場的規模、消費者的偏好、相關物品的價格、預期、及特殊因素。 三、需要法則指：在一條需要曲線上，價格愈高，需要量愈少；反之， 價格愈低，則需要量愈多，即價格與需要量變動於相反方向，這種特性稱為需要法則。需要法則適用於正常品及非吉芬品的劣等品。 四、市場的供給量是：「假定其他因素不變，針對一種物品的一個特 定價格，生產者願意且有能力以這價格出售的、特定期間內之銷售量」。銷售量不必真的成交，只要生產者有這意願及能力即可。 五、供給是指，在一定時間內供給者（或產銷者）對於一種財貨或勞 務，在其不同價格下，所願意見能移提供的數量。因市市場的供給曲線是：「假定其他因素不變，生產某一物品的全體廠商，在一特定期間內願意且有能力出售的價格與銷售量之間的關係」。 市場的供給曲線，亦稱產業的供給曲線。 六、供給法則指：在一條供給曲線上，價格愈高，供給量愈多；反之， 價格愈低，則供給量也愈少，即價格與供給量變動於相同方向，這種特性稱為供給法則。只要有一樣固定設備還來不及調整，就會有供給法則所表示的現象。 七、供給的變動是「假定價格不變」，而觀察「其他因素」對供給的 影響。供給增加，會使供給曲線向右移；供給減少，會使供給曲線向左移。 八、市場均衡表示買者與賣者雙方都得到最大滿足，而不會想改變價 格及交易量的狀況。市場均衡產生在需要曲線與供給曲線之交點，即以需要量等於供給量為均衡條件。這個交點稱為均衡點，而這時的價格與交易量，分別稱為均衡價格與均衡交易量。
economics word 经济学 英语单词
A accounting cost会计成 本accounting profit会计利润 adverse selection逆向选择allocation配置 allocation of resources资源配置allocative efficiency配置效率 antitrust legislation反托拉斯法 arc elasticity 弧弹性 Arrow's impossibility theorem阿罗不可能定理Assumption 假设asymetric information非对称性信息average平均average cost 平均成本 average cost pricing平均成 本定价法 average fixed cost平均固定 成本 average product of capital资本平 均产量 average product of labour劳动平 均产量 average revenue平均 收益 average total cost平均总成 本 average variable cost 平均可变成本 B barriers to entry进入壁垒 base year基年 bilateral monopoly双 边垄断 bliss point极 乐点 boundary point边界点 break even point收支相抵 点 budget预算 budget constraint预 算约束 budget line预 算线 budget set预 算集 C capital资本 capital stock 资本存量 capital output ratio资本产出 比率 capitalism资 本主义 cardinal utility theory基数效 用论 cartel卡特尔 ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变” 的假设 ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的 需求曲线 Chamberlin model张伯伦 模型 change in demand需求 变化 change in quantity demanded需 求量变化 change in quantity supplied供给 量变化 change in supply供给变 化 choice选择 closed set闭 集 Coase theorem科斯 定理 Cobb—Dougla s production function柯布-- 道格拉斯生产函 数 cobweb model 蛛网模型 collective bargaining集 体协议工资 collusion合谋 command economy指令 经济 commodity商 品 commodity combination 商品组合 commodity market商品市 场 commodity space商品空 间 common property公用 财产 comparative static analysis 比较静态分析 compensated budget line补 偿预算线 compensated demand function补偿 需求函数 compensation principles补偿 原则 compensating variation in income收入补 偿变量 competition 竞争 competitive market竞争性 市场 complement goods互补品
Economics
University of Waikato Department of Economics ECON200 – 06B Macroeconomics and the Global Economy Assignment 1 Due: August, Wednesday the 16th, 2006 at 11:59. Please: 1. Answer the questions in the spaces provided on these sheets. 2. Read the section on Internal Assessment and Honesty in the Course Handbook 3. Add your completed Management Student Centre (MSC) cover sheet to the front of this assignment. Check that you have your correct tutorial number on the cover sheet. 4. Submit your assignments to the MSC. 5. Keep a copy of your assignment in case the original goes astray.
Questions: [25 marks] Question 1: Do some research on value theory in economics and define the labour theory of value. Explain the interest of this theory and its failures. Which theory does a better job? [4 marks] There are two kind of value theory of economics. One is labour theory of value. It defines as the value of one good is the amount of human labour expended in producing it. Most classical economists like Smith, Ricardo and Marx subscribed to it. The other one is price theory of value, it defines as the value of one good is measured by its price which reflects demand and supply (Marshall, Allais, Debreu, most modern economists) The interest of the labour threory value is it can be used to measure how productivity of the labour to do the job. Also, it can measure how well or bad the workers are doing this job. It could increase the worker s’competitive. The company will not only focus on the cheaper resource and the materials, but pay more attention to train the employees. The failure of labour theory of value is there are many critics of it. The labour theory of value is no longer satisfying the specific requirement of the consumers. There are different requirement for the consumers, the labour theory of value cannot resolve everyone’s requirement. So, it is not useful for some of the customers. Actually, every value theory has it own strengths. However, in the economics, the price theory of value would be better, because the market prices are used to measure the value of very different things. The company set up the price is usually thinking about the cost of the material, resources, workers, and the competition of the market. Therefore, the price theory of value is doing the better job.
IGCSE Economics
Welcome to iGCSE Economics
With the people on your table discuss (talk about) the following… 1.You’ve never studied economics before…why did you choose it? 2.What do you know about economics? 3.What are you looking forward to studying in economics? 4.What skills do you think you will need to be good at economics?
Today – true or false and why??I really need a new phone. This one is getting slow.?I really want water. ?I do not need teachers like you in my life. ?My dog needs a walk.
Week 1 Tuesday P4 – M117 (HW) Wednesday P4 – M117 Week 2 (this week) Tuesday P4 – M1117 (HW) Wednesday P4 – M117 Friday P4 – M117
What would be the first things you would look for in your new home? Why? You
Economic原文翻译Economicsfocus
Economics focus 经济焦点 Don’t look down 不要向下看 The poor like taxing the rich less than you would think 穷人不像你想的那样喜欢富人被征税【穷人不像你想得那样喜欢征富人的税】 Aug 13th 2011 | from the print edition IN THE 1939 classic Western “Stagecoach”, a villainous banker with a bag of e mbezzled cash in his lap frets about the state of the American economy: “Our national debt is something shocking!” he complains. That year American public debt was just over two-fifths of GDP. This year, the IMF reckons, it will be just over 98%, rising to over 102% in 2012. Were he still around, the unscrupulous banker might have struggled to express his outrage, although he might have found solace in the fact that America’s August 2nd deal to increase the debt ceiling envisages $2.4 trillion in spending cuts but no tax hikes. This strikes many, both outside the United States and within it, as odd. A Democratic congressman called the debt deal a “sugar-coated Satan sandwich”. 1939年在经典的西部”驿站马车”里, 一个腐败的银行家, 腿上放着一袋子的贪污款, 他对美国经济的现状十分担忧:” 我们国家的债务规模实在太吓人了!” 他抱怨道. 那一年, 美国的公共债务仅仅占到GDP的五分之二. 今年, 国际货币基金组织IMF承认, 美国公共债务的GDP占比达到了98%, 预计2012年将超过102%. 如果他现在还在世的话, 这个无耻的银行家可能会费尽心思的来表达他的愤怒, 尽管8.2号美国的提高债务上限, 开支消减2.4万亿但无税务增加的一揽子计划会给他一丝安慰. 这使得美国国内外一片惊讶. 一位民主党国会议员将这个债务计划称为”糖衣魔鬼三明治”. It does, however, loosely reflect longstanding differences between Americans’ attitudes to taxation and those in much of the rest of the rich world. America is far less inclined than many of its rich-world peers to use taxation and redistribution to reduce inequality. The OECD, a think-tank, reckons that taxation eats up a little less than 30% of the average American’s total compensation, compared with nearly 50% in Germany and France. America’s top federal income-tax rate of 35% is lower than in many other advanced economies (although most Americans also pay state taxes). Britain’s top tax rate is 50%. Swedes and Danes acquiesce to tax rates that would outrage many Americans: Sweden’s top rate is 57% and Denmark’s is 55%. Unsurprisingly, the American state is also less generous to the poor. Unemployment benefits in the United States replace a smaller share of income, and run out more quickly, than in most European countries. 但是, 这确实隐约反应出了长期以来美国对赋税的态度与其他发达国家中的大
economics教学内容
e c o n o m i c s
Chapter 1 Economics Text A I. Why Study Economics？ a. Economics: the study of how society manages its scarce resources. 经济学是在一定经济制度和经济体制条件下，研究如何有效利用可供选择的有限资源，以求人类无限欲望的最大满足.e.g. 1) how people decide what to buy and how much to work, save and spend 2) how firms decide how much to produce and how many workers to hire 3) how society decides to divide its resources among competing needs such as national defense, consumer goods and environmental protection b. Resource: anything that can be used to produce something else c. Scarcity: the resources available to a society for the production of goods and services are limited
d. Scarcity principle: although we have boundless needs and wants, resources available to us are limited so having more of one thing usually means less of another II. The chapter introduces ten principles of economics as part of three issues. How people make decisions(1---4) How people interact(5---7) How the economy as a whole works(8—10) 1. Principle 1: People face trade-offs.人们面临权衡取舍 All decisions involve trade-offs. Examples: a. Going to a party the night before your midterm leaves less time for studying. b. Having more money to make purchases requires working longer hours and leaving less time for leisure. c. Protecting the environment requires resources that could otherwise be used to produce consumer goods. Society faces an important trade-off: efficiency versus equality
60 second adventures in Economics(60秒读懂经济学概念)
60 second adventures in Economics Number one: The Invisible Hand An economy is a tricky thing to control, and governments are always trying to figure out how to do it. Back in 1776 economist Adam Smith shocked everyone by saying that what governments should actually do is just leave people alone to buy and sell freely among themselves. He suggested that if they just leave self-interested traders to compete with one another, markets are guided to positive outcomes”as if by an invisible hand”. If someone charges less than you customers will buy from them instead as you have to lower the price or offer something better. Wherever enough people demand something, they will be supplied by the market like spoilt children only in this case, everyone is happy. Later free-marketeers like Austrian economist Friedrich Hayek, argued that this “hands off”approach actually works better than any kind of central plan. But the problem is, economies can take a long time to reach their” equilibrium”, and may even stall along the way. And in the meantime people can get a little frustrated, which is why governments usually end up taking things into their own more visible hands instead. Number 2: The Paradox of Thrift Much like a child getting his pocket money, one of the biggest economic questions is still whether it’s better to save or spend. Free-marketeers like Hayek and Milton Friedman say that, even in difficult times, it’s best to be thrifty and save. Bank then channel the savings into investment, in new plants, skills and techniques that let us produce more. And even if this new technology destroys jobs, wages will drop, and businesses hire more people so unemployment falls again. Simple. At least in the long run. But then a “live-fast-die-young” kinda chap called John Maynaed Keynes cheerfully pointed out that “in the long run we’re all dead”. So , to avoid the misery of unemployment, the government should instead spend money to create jobs. Whereas if the government tightens its belt when people and businesses are doing the same, less is spent, so unemployment gets even worse. That is the paradox of thrift. So instead they should spend now and tax later when everyone’happy to pay. Though making people happy to pay tax was something even Keynes didn’t solve. Number Three: The Phillips Curve. Bill Phillips was crocodile hunter and economist from New Zealand, who spotted that, when employment levels are high, wages rise faster people have more money to spend, so prices go up and so does inflation. And likewise, then unemployment is high, the lack of money to spend means that inflation goes down. This became known as the Phillips Curve. Governments even set policy by the curve, tolerating the inflation when they spent extra money creating jobs. But they forgot that the workers could also see the effects of the curve. So , when unemployment went down, they expected inflation and demanded higher wages, causing unemployment to go back up, while inflation remained high. Which is what happened in the 1970s when both inflation and unemployment rose. Then in the 90s,umployment dropped while inflation stayed low, which all rather took the bend out of Phillips’curve. But at least part of Phillips’trouble some trade –off lives on: when faster growth and full employment return. You can bet inflation will be along to spoil the party. Number Four: The Principle of Comparative Advantage. Whether you think the economies work best if they’re left alone, or that governments need to do something to get them working, the one thing that can’t be controlled is the rest of the world. Fear of foreign competition once led countries to try and produce everything they needed, and impose