2015考研英语大纲解析

2015年考研英语大纲单词变化统计表

在新出炉的2013年考研英语大纲中，在英语一和英语二的考纲中就单词部分均进行了局部微调，主要是在往年大纲的基础上删除了42个单词，新增了59个单词。

减少新增词义

1 abundance 1 accustomed (accustom) 使习惯于

2 accidental 2 alienate 使疏远，使不友好；转移（资产等）

3 agreement 3 allegiance 忠诚，效忠；拥戴；臣服

4 attendance 4 ape 无尾猿，类人猿

5 bearing 5 archeology 考古学；古代文物（总称）

6 beforehand 6 bail 保释；帮助摆脱困境

7 blackmail 7 blog 博客，网络日志

8 breadth 8 botany 植物学，植物生态

9 building 9 buzz n. 滋滋声；噪音；流言vi. 发出滋滋声vt.使发出滋滋声

10 capitalism 10 censorship 审查，检查，审查制度

11 certainly 11 comet 彗星

12 coincidence 12 contagious 接触性传染的；有感染力的

13 comfortable 13 converge 汇合到一点；聚集；使聚集于

14 compensation 14 culprit 嫌犯，被告；产生不良后果的原因

15 complication 15 daunt 威吓；使胆怯

16 concerning 16 debut 首次登台；首次上市

17 construction 17 default 违约，未履行；缺席

18 container 18 defendant n. 被告；adj. 做辩护的，处于被告位置的

19 contradiction 19 defer 遵命于，服从于；将委托于

20 conventional 20 deplore 哀叹，对遗憾；哀悼；强烈反对

21 corresponding 21 diabetes 糖尿病，多尿症

22 customary 22 dinosaur 恐龙；庞然大物

23 daytime 23 dioxide 二氧化物

24 directly 24 embryo n. 胚胎；adj. 胚胎的，萌芽的；不成熟的

25 discharge 25 endorse 背书，签字支付；签署；赞同，支持

26 disregard 26 ethic 伦理标准，道德规范，道德体系

27 elderly 27 fiscal 财政的，国库的；财务的，金钱的

28 establishment 28 franchise 公民权，选举权；特许权力；特别经营权

29 experimental 29 freelance v. 当自由职业者；作为自由职业者提供；adj.自由职业的，独立的

30 heading 30 genre 种，类；体裁，样式

31 housing 31 glacier 冰川，冰河

32 improvement 32 guild 团体，协会；行会，同业公会

33 jeans 33 herald n. 使节；报信者；v. 宣布，预示来临；欢迎，为欢呼

34 learned 34 hormone 激素，荷尔蒙

35 learning 35 hygiene 卫生，卫生学，保健学

36 monthly 36 inaugurate 使正式任职，为举行就职仪式；开始，开展

37 noticeable 37 ivory n. 象牙；牙质；乳白色；adj. 象牙的；牙质的；乳白色的

38 perfection 38 lyric n. 抒情诗，抒情作品；adj. 抒情的，奔放的；适于歌唱的

39 quarterly 39 marathon n. 马拉松赛跑；耐力比赛；adj. 马拉松式的，漫长的

40 replacement 40 memorandum 备忘录；外交备忘录

41 shortly 41 neutron 中子

42 steamer 42 nostalgic 怀乡的；怀旧的

43 transition 43 obesity 过度肥胖；肥胖症

44 wretched 44 overhaul v. 大修，拆修；彻底革新；赶上，超过；n. 大修，拆修；彻底革新

45 writing 45 plaintiff 原告

46 portfolio 公务包，卷宗夹；部长或大臣职位；投资组合

47 recession 后退；凹处；衰退（期）

48 redeem 赎回；偿还；弥补；履行

49 rehearse

(rehearsal)

排练，演习；参加排练或演习；反复训练；详述，

历数

50 salient 显著的，突出的；凸起的；涌出的

51 scenario 梗概，脚本；方案；事态

52 snobbish 势利的；自命不凡的

53 stagnant 不流动的，呆滞的；不发展的；不活跃的

54 statistics

(statistical) 统计，统计资料；统计学

55 taboo n. 禁忌；忌讳；禁忌的事物；adj.禁忌的；忌讳的；v.把列为禁忌；禁止

56 toil n. 辛苦；劳作；苦工，苦活；v. 苦干，辛勤劳动

57 transit n. 运输；通过；公交系统；v. 运送；通过，经过

58 turmoil 骚动，混乱

59 vaccine n. 牛痘苗；疫苗；adj. 牛痘苗的；疫苗的Passage One

If you haven't heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you've probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving and/or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.

While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those fatalities, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.

Why is the phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago?Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the road has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is magnified in urban areas.Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.

You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!

Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major confrontation. If you are susceptible to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other dr iver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.

1. The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that_____.

A. Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months

B. people not interested in the media know little about recent happenings

C. one may be raged by media reports and wants to avoid them

D. the media coined the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago

2. According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, last year .

A. more people were killed by aggressive driving than by drunk driving

B. drunk driving remained the No.1 killer on the highways

C. two thirds of drivers were killed by aggressive driving

D. 41,907 people fell victim to aggressive driving

3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of aggressive driving?

A. Increasing number of cars.

B. Drivers’ stress and anxiety.

C. Rush hour traffic.

D. Overcrowded roads.

4. Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?

A. Talking while driving.

B. Driving fast.

C. Sounding the horn when passing.

D. Yelling at another driver.

5. The last paragraph is intended to _____.

A. inform people how aggressive drivers could be

B. tell people how to cope with Road Rage

C. tell people how to control themselves when angry

D. warn people against eye contact with another driver

Passage Two

(1) The other problem that arises from the employment of women is that of the working wife. It has two aspects: that of the wife who is more of a success than her husband and that of the wife who must rely heavily on her husband for help with domestic tasks. There are various ways in which the impact of the first difficulty can be reduced. Provided that husband and wife are not in the same or directly comparable lines of work, the harsh fact of her greater success can be obscured by a genial conspiracy to reject a purely monetary measure of achievement as intolerably crude. Where there are ranks, it is best if the couple work in different fields so that the husband can find some special reason for the superiority of the lowest figure in his to the most elevated in his wife's.

(2) A problem that affects a much larger number of working wives is the need to re-allocate domestic tasks if there are children. In The Road to Wigan Pier George Orwell wrote of the unemployed of the Lancashire coalfields: "Practically never ... in a working-class home, will you see the man doing a stroke of the housework. Unemployment has not changed this convention, which on the face of it seems a little unfair. The man is idle from morning to night but the woman is as busy as ever - more so, indeed, because she has to manage with less money. Yet so far as my experience goes the women do not protest. They feel that a man would lose his manhood if, merely because he was out of work, he developed in a 'Mary Ann'."

(3) It is over the care of young children that this re-allocation of duties becomes really significant. For this, unlike the cooking of fish fingers or the making of beds, is an inescapably time-consuming occupation, and time is what the fully employed wife has no more to spare of than her husband.

(4) The male initiative in courtship is a pretty indiscriminate affair, something that is tried on with any remotely plausible woman who comes within range and, of course, with all degrees of tentativeness. What decides the issue of whether a genuine courtship is going to get under way is the woman's response. If she shows interest the engines of persuasion are set in movement. The truth is that in courtship society gives women the real power while pretending to give it to men.

(5) What does seem clear is that the more men and women are together, at work and away from it, the more the comprehensive amorousness of men towards women will have to go, despite all its past evolutionary services. For it is this that makes inferiority at work abrasive and, more indirectly, makes domestic work seem unmanly, if there is to be an equalizing redistribution of economic and domestic tasks between men and women there must be a compensating redistribution of the erotic initiative. If women will no longer let us beat them they must allow us to join them as the blushing recipients of flowers and chocolates.

1. Paragraph One advises the working wife who is more successful than her husband to

A. work in the same sort of job as her husband.

B. play down her success, making it sound unimportant.

C. stress how much the family gains from her high salary.

D. introduce more labour-saving machinery into the home.

2. Orwell's picture of relations between man and wife in Wigan Pier (Paragraph Two) describes a relationship which the author of the passage

A. thinks is the natural one.

B. wishes to see preserved.

C. believes is fair.

D. is sure must change.

3. Which of the following words is used literally, NOT metaphorically?

A. Abrasive (Paragraph Five).

B. Engines (Paragraph Four).

C. Convention (Paragraph Two).

D. Heavily (Paragraph One).

4. The last paragraph stresses that if women are to hold important jobs, then they must

A. sometimes make the first advances in love.

B. allow men to flirt with many women.

C. stop accepting presents of flowers and chocolates.

D. avoid making their husbands look like "Mary Anns".

5. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the present form of courtship?

A. Men are equally serious about courtship.

B. Each man "makes passes" at many women.

C. The woman's reaction decides the fate of courtship.

D. The man leaves himself the opportunity to give up the chase quickly.

Directions:

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should

1) describe the picture , interpret its meaning, and

2) point out its implications in our life.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on the Answer Sheet. (20 points)

参考范文

Unable to find water, the worker decided to leave here for another place. The six holes he has just dug are of different depths, but none is deep enough to reach the water underground. When he dug the fifth hole, he made up his mind but still his work came to nothing. When he dug the last hole, he lost his patience and the hole was only a few inches deep and then he concluded that there was no water there.

It is evident that there’s plenty of underground water just beneath his feet. If he had dug a little deeper, and if he had used all the time and effort to dug one hole, he would have found the water. However, his previous efforts were fruitless and in vain for he was impatient and didn’t stick to the task long enough.

We can l earn a lot from the man’s failure in finding water. No matter how difficult a task is, we can surely fulfill it so long as we put all our hearts into it with a strong will and persistence. As the proverb goes, “Little strokes fell great oaks”. It is hard work and constant effort that bring about success. (202 words)