1994-08托福语法讲解

1994年08月语法题

1. Groups of muscles in the head direct the actions necessary for _____.

(A) chew and swallow

(B) to chew and to swallow

(C) being chewed and swallowing

(D) chewing and swallowing

答案：D

测试点：介词宾语动名词。

分析：介词for要求后接名词性成份，故选动名词(D)。

2. In the Osage tribe of Oklahoma, beaded belts _____ who held a high social status.

(A) only by women were fashioned

(B) by women were fashioned only

(C) were fashioned only by women

(D) were by women fashioned only

答案：C

测试点：谓语动词。

分析：空格前为句子主语，所缺为谓语部分。空格后为who引导的定语从句，说明从句前紧接名词。正确答案(C)既有谓语动词，其中的名词women又可作who引导的定语从句的先行词。

3. _____ commonly chosen as the first step to a career in public office.

(A) Why legal training is

(B) Legal training is

(C) Legal training that is

(D) It is legal training

答案：B

测试点：主谓结构。

分析：空格后只有谓语的一部分(过去分词chosen)，所缺为主语、助动词。应在答案中选择主语+助动词的形式，即(B)。

4. In 1852 _____ one hundred piano-makers in New York alone.

(A) were

(B) had been

(C) there were

(D) being that there

答案：C

测试点：there be结构。

分析：句中既无主语，亦无谓语。应在答案(选择主谓结构或there+be结构，即(C)

5. Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain _____ other animals.

(A) than do

(B) that are having

(C) which have

(D) that do

答案：A

测试点：比较句式。

分析：关键词是比较级的larger和more，说明后面应当有被比较的部分。应在答案中选择含有than…的形式，即(A)。

6. Astronomy developed from the observation _____ through regular cycles of motion.

(A) going to heavenly bodies

(B) the heavenly bodies going

(C) heavenly bodies that go

(D) that the heavenly bodies go

答案：D

测试点：同位语从句。

分析：正确答案(D)that引导同位语从句，说明前面的中心词observation的内容。

7. _____ the arctic regions receive little sunlight, the air there is too cold to hold much

moisture.

(A) Because

(B) The reason that

(C) Therefore

(D) In consequence of

答案：A

测试点：从句连接词。

分析：逗号后为主句，逗号前则为状语从句。从句缺连接词，选(A)Because引导原因状语从句。(B)后接定语／同位语从句：(C)为副词：(D)为介词短语。

8. The wood of the holly tree, close-grained and very hard, _____ for musical instruments,

furniture, and interior design.

(A) is used

(B) uses

(C) used

(D) is using

答案：A

测试点：谓语。

分析：此句缺谓语动词。主语是wood，根据句意。此动词应为被动的概念。故选择(A)。解题要点：动词use及beused+介词短语／不完式都是TOEFL常考题型。

9. Many English _____ were opposed to the American Revolution of 1776 moved to Canada,

where they were known as United Empire Loyalists.

(A) settling there

(B) they settled

(C) who were settlers

(D) settlers who

答案：D

测试点：主语／从句连接词。

分析：谓语动词为moved，而句子缺主语，且主语后接从句是有谓语而缺主语及连接词。应在答案中选择名词+从句连接词的形式，即(D)。

10. The working condition of railroad employees were _____ hazardous in the early days

that private insurance companies refused to insure the works.

(A) so

(B) very

(C) quite

(D) much

答案：A

测试点：so…that结构。

分析：关键词是后文的that,说明前面应当有so，故选(A)。

11. Elisha G. Otis invented a safety device designed to stop the fall of an elevator _____

supporting cable should break.

(A) that which the

(B) if its

(C) might the

(D) were its

答案：B

测试点：虚拟语气。

分析：关键词是should，说明这是非真实条件句。应在答案中选择if…的形式。即(B)。

12. In areas away from the poles, the size of glaciers decreases in summer because the rising

temperatures cause the lower parts _____.

(A) melt

(B) are melting

(C) melted

(D) to melt

答案：D

测试点：习语。

分析：cause sth sb．to do…是固定短语。应在答案中选择不定式，即(D)。

13. The final step in manufacturing cloth is ironing it between heavy rollers, _____

calendering.

(A) which process called

(B) process is being called

(C) is calling that process

(D) a process called

答案：D

测试点：省略句。

分析：逗号前句子完整，选名词(A)短语(A)作补语，相当于省略了which is的定语从句。which代指前文提到的一个制衣程序：ironing it between heavy rollers。

14. The science of horticulture, _____ the primary concerns are maximum yield and

superior quality, utilizes information derived from other sciences.

(A) and which

(B) in which

(C) which is

(D) which

答案：B

测试点：介词+which从句连接词。

分析：空格后的从句主谓语俱全，所缺连接词并不兼作从句主语、宾语或定语，应是作状语或与介词构成短语作状语。应在答案中选择副词或介词+代词的形式。答案中无副词，而(B)为介词+which，故选(B)。

解题要点：当空格后的从句主、谓、宾俱全时，选择连接词时应首先考虑介词+which词的形式。

15. While holding no official or elected position, _____ as a statesman of great wisdom and

acumen.

(A) the respect of Booker T. Washington

(B) Booker T. Washington being respected

(C) Booker T. Washington was respected by many

(D) Many people respected Booker T. Washington

答案：C

测试点：主谓结构／主语一致。

分析：空格前为分词短语，其后的句子主、谓语均缺。应在答案中选择主语+谓语动词…的形式，即(C)或(D)。分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语应一致：holding…的逻辑主语不可能是many people而是一个人，故(D)错，选(C)。(A)无动词。(B)being respected不是谓语动词的形式。

解题要点：遇到这类含有逻辑主训的考题时，答案中会出现两个(或两个以上)貌似正确的答案。要根据已有线索细心分辩。记住主语一致的原则。

16. A symphony orchestra conductor selects the repertoire, interprets the music, and

A B

directed the musicians during rehearsals.

C D

答案：C

测试点：并列结构／时态。

分析：and所连接的成份应同形式、同性质。and前为selects…和mterprets…，动词均为现在时，and后的动词也应是同样时态，不能用过去时。应为directs。

17. The rhinoceros is known for its distinctive horns, which continue to growing throughout

A B C D the Animal's lifetime.

答案：C

测试点：习语／词形

分析：continue to do是固定短语。to后应为动词原形grow，不用growing。

18. Before 1800 only a few small portable lamps had been making.

A B C D

答案：D

测试点：词形／被动语态。

分析：make是及物动词，应后接宾语：此处后面无宾语，说明应当用被动语态。正确形式应是(had been)made。

19. Dreaming is a distinct and necessary part of sleeping, usually it characterized by the

A B C

occurrence of rapid eye movement (REM).

D

答案：C

测试点：被动语态。

分析：后文by说明前面的动词应当用被动语态。应为usually it is characterized…。

解题要点：见到划线的动词后面紧接by,应注意此处是否应为被动语态。

20. Sea turtle hatchlings sleep afloat at the surface of the water not adults tend to sleep far

A B C D below the surface.

答案：B

分析：(B)测试点：连词。本句由两个分句构成，相互之间为对比关系。not是副词，不能用来连接句子。应为连词while(然而)。

21. Nearly all qualities in the physical world can be expressed in terms of four

A B C

fundamentally measurements: length, mass, time, and electrical charge.

D

答案：D

测试点：词性。

分析：fundamentally是副词，不能用来修饰名词measurements。应为形容词fundamental。解题要点：见到划线以-ly结尾的副词，应注意它是否用错，是否应为形容词。

22. Musical chords generally consist of three or four notes, which played at the same time.

A B C D

答案：C

测试点：被动语态／时态一致。

分析：首先发现定语从句的时态(过去时)与主句(现在时)不一致，确定played用错。根据句意此处应用被动语态，即which are played。

23. The novel or short story are the literary forms most typically called fiction.

A B C D

答案：A

测试点：主谓数的一致／连词。

分析：系动词为are,说明主语应是复数的。而两个单数的名词用or连接时。仍为单数，只有用and连接才成为复数。应为and。

解题要点：and／but／or划线时，应首先考虑它是否被错用。

24. Eclecticism is the practice of mixing elements dissimilar in style in single work of art.

A B C D

答案：C

测试点：冠词。

分析：后面的名词work前缺冠词。应为in a single…。

25. Speed refers only toward the rate of motion without specifying any direction of motion.

A B C D

答案：A

测试点：习语。

分析：refer to是固定短语，不用toward。

26. Turbines provide power for a various of machines including electric generators and

A B C

water pumps.

D

答案：B

测试点：习语/词性。

分析：various是形容词。而冠词a应后接名词。avariety of是固定短语。

解题要点：(1)见到a／the…or的结构，应注其中间划线的词是否为名词。

(2)variety及various的用法，为TOEFL语法常考。

27. Deciduous trees are those that shed all or nearly all of its leaves each year.

A B C D

答案：C

测试点：代词／数的一致。

分析：its为单数，但此处代词指代的是复数的trees。应为their。

28. The same molecular orderliness that makes crystals so easy to analyze mathematically

A B C

makes them difficult using in the laboratory or the factory.

D

答案：D

测试点：习语。

分析：make+宾语+形容词+to do是固定短语，using应为to use。

29. The Pacific Ocean constitutes about half of the Earth's water surface and cover about

A B C

one-third of the total area of the globe.

D

答案：C

测试点：并列结构／主谓数的一致。

分析：and所连接的成份应同形式、同性质。此处and连接的两个并列的谓语部分，and 前为constitutes…，and后的谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。cover应为covers。

30. The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the United States Congress in 1933 to

A

construct dams, power structures, and flood-control works along the Tennessee River and

B C

its tributary streams.

D

答案：A

测试点：被动语态。

分析：谓语动词后紧接by+名词的短语，说明谓语应当用被动语态。应为was chartered。解题要点：见到划线的词后接by+名词，应注意此处是否应当用被动语态。

31. The cost of preparing and harvesting an acre of field corn is extremely high even though

A B C D

in the best of weather.

答案：D

测试点：even和even though的用法。

分析：even though为连词后接从句，此处后接介词短语，应当用副词even。

32. John Audubon's firsthand acquaintance with birds and his impressionistic artistic give

A B C

his drawings their high value and wide popularity.

D

答案：C

测试点：词性。

分析：artistic是形容词，而代词his后应有名词性成份。应为artistry／art。

解题要点：与an有关的词为TOEFL常考。

33. One of Phillis Wheatley's earliest verses, composed in her teens, celebrates learning,

A B C

redemption, and virtue, three principal themes of her work subsequent.

D

答案：D

测试点：词序。

分析：subsequent是形容词。单个的形容词修饰名词时，应放在名词前，不能后置。应为subsequent work。

解题要点：注意名词+形容词的错误词序。

34. The Florida town of Seaside is laid out on its 80 acres so no point is more than a 10-or 15

A B C

minute walks from another.

D

答案：D

测试点：数的一致。

分析：walks为复数，而冠词a应后接单数名词。应为walk

35. Statistics show that there are only slightly fewer males than females in the teaching

A B

profession, yet it is popularly believed that the vast majority of teacher are women.

C D

答案：D

测试点：数的一致。

分析：majority of后应接复数名词。teacher应为teachers。

36. Canadian scarlet-clad guard sand mounties with horseback are part of the summer

A B C D

scene in Ottawa.

答案：B

测试点：习语／介词。

分析：on horseback是固定短语，不用with。

37. Bernese mountain dogs are hardy and loyalty, and they make excellent pets.

A B C D

答案：B

测试点：并列结构伺性。

分析：and两边应同词性、同性质。and前为形容词hardy,and后也应是形容词。loyalty是名词，应为loyal。

38. The basis concepts of systems engineering have been in use for centuries.

A B C D

答案：A

测试点：词性。

分析：basis是名词，而此处修饰concepts应当用形容词basic。

解题要点：base，basic，basis均是TOEFL常考的词。

39. Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the history of radio were associated

A B C D

with Gracie Allen.

答案：C

测试点：介词

分析：表示时间的介词常与连词混淆，while应为in，组成介词短语in the history of radio，作主语stunts的定语。

40. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals

A B C

oxygen and silicon are more still abundant.

D

答案：D

测试点：习语／词序。

分析：still more是固定短语，不能颠倒。