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第3章植物的激素调节
一、选择题
1．下列关于植物激素的叙述，错误
．．的是( )
A．赤霉素能促进细胞伸长B．细胞分裂素存在于植物体任何部位C．乙烯是一种气体激素D．脱落酸能抑制细胞分裂和种子萌发2．下列四幅图所示的植物生长状态有可能不．是生长素引起的是( )
A．B．C．D．
3．生长素在植物体内的运输，主要是从植物体形态学的上端向下端运输，不能倒转过来运输。其原因最可能是( )
A．地心引力的作用B．能量的供应所致
C．载体的分布所造成D．光照方向的影响
4．植物扦插繁殖时，需要对插枝进行去除成熟叶片、保留芽和幼叶等处理，这样可以促进插枝成活。其原因是( )
①芽和幼叶生长迅速，容易成活②芽和幼叶储存较多的营养物质
③芽和幼叶能产生生长素，促进生根④去除成熟叶片可降低蒸腾作用
A．①②B．③④C．①④D．②③
5．下列措施不．能解除植物顶端优势的是( )
A．去掉顶芽B．在去掉顶芽的断口处放一块含有生长素的羊毛脂
C．在去掉顶芽的断口处放一块含有细胞分裂素的羊毛脂
D．在去掉顶芽的断口处放上琼脂小块
6．农业生产上应用生长素类似物处理植物难以
．．奏效的是( )
A．处理扦插的枝条促进生根B．获得无籽果实
C．除杀田间的双子叶植物杂草D．促进果实成熟
7．下列生产措施中与植物激素无．关的一组是( )
①生产无子番茄②培育无子西瓜③果树整枝修剪
④带芽的枝条扦插⑤移栽植物时剪去部分叶片⑥棉花摘心
A．①③B．②④C．⑤⑥D．②⑤
8．在早春低温时为了让水稻种子早发芽，稻农常将种子置于流动的河流或溪水中浸泡一段时间。这种做法与下列哪种激素变化的相关性最大( )
A．脱落酸B．细胞分裂素C．赤霉素D．生长素
9．右图表示一项生长素的研究实验，下列关于
实验结果的叙述理论上是正确的是( )
A．M长得比N长
B．N长得比M长
C．M弯向一侧而N不弯曲
D．N弯向一侧而M不弯曲
10．分析右图，对生长分布、运输、生理作用等不．科学的解释是( )
A．左侧生长素含量高，生长快
B．生长素在植株幼嫩部位的运输方式为主动运输
C．生长素浓度高低依次是D＞C＞B＞A
D．根部生长也表现出顶端优势现象
11．当某植物顶芽比侧芽生长快时会产生顶端优势，其主要原因是( )
A．侧芽附近的生长素浓度过高，其生长受抑制
B．侧芽附近的生长素浓度较低，其生长受抑制
C．顶芽附近的脱落酸浓度较高，其生长被促进
D．侧芽附近的细胞分裂素浓度较高，其生长受抑制
12．某植物种子成熟后需经低温贮藏才能萌发，为探究其
原因，检测了该种子中的两种植物激素在低温贮藏过程中的含量变化，结果如右图。根据激素的作用特点，推测图中a、b依次为( )
A．赤霉素、脱落酸B．细胞分裂素、生长素
C．脱落酸、细胞分裂素D．赤霉素、乙烯
13．与植物顶端优势有关的植物激素是( )
A．生长素B．赤霉素C．脱落酸D．乙烯
14．下列关于植物激素的叙述，错误
．．的是( )
A. 根尖能够产生细胞分裂素
B. 脱落酸能抑制马铃薯发芽
C. 生长素的化学本质是蛋白质
D. 赤霉素施用过多可引起水稻植株疯长
二、非选择题
1．1928年，荷兰科学家温特为了研究植物体的向光性，设计实验如下图所示。A琼脂块上放有胚芽鞘尖端，B琼脂块上没有胚芽鞘尖端。①～⑥是在黑暗环境中对切去尖端的胚芽鞘进行的不同处理。请分析回答问题：
(1)在温特之前，科学家研究初步认为，胚芽鞘向光生长是由部位产生某种化学物质向下运输后引起的，温特推想这种物质也可以扩散到琼脂块中。
(2)经过一段时间的培养，②的现象说明A琼脂块中含有某种化学物质，且这种物质的作用是。
(3)③和④的现象均表明，胚芽鞘能够向该物质分布(多、少)的一侧弯曲生长；设置⑤和⑥组的目的是排除对胚芽鞘生长的影响。
(4)自然界中，植物体在单侧光照的条件下，向光弯曲生长，是因为该化学物质在背光侧分布较____。后研究发现，该物质的化学本质是___________，根据其作用取名为生长素。
2．某学校生物研究小组为研究生长素浓度对早期幼苗生长发育的影响，欲设计一实验方案，如你是其中一员，请你一起完成该研究方案。
(1)实验假设：___________________________________________________。
(2)实验设计：
材料用具：已萌发的萝卜种子若干、移液管、培养皿、蒸馏水、滤纸、生长素溶液(浓度分别为100 mg·L-1、10 mg·L-1、1 mg·L-1、0.1 mg·L-1、0.01 mg·L-1)方法步骤：
①取6个培养皿，________________________________________________。
②用移液管______________________________________________________。
③ ______________________________________________________________。
④放在相同的环境中培养一段时间后，统计收集数据。
实验结果：幼苗的生长情况如下图：
100 mg·L-110 mg·L-1 1 mg·L-10.1 mg·L-10.01 mg·L-1蒸馏水
据此初步判断促进幼苗生长的适宜生长素浓度的范围为__________________________。
3．某生物兴趣小组调查发现，在黄瓜幼苗期喷洒一次乙烯利溶液(100～200 mg·L-1)，可促进多开雌花，提高黄瓜产量。但乙烯利浓度低于或高于这个范围时，其作用效果尚不清楚。请设计实验，探究乙烯利浓度对黄瓜开雌花数量的影响。
材料用具：2～3片真叶的盆栽黄瓜幼苗若干、乙烯利溶液(300 mg·L-1)、蒸馏水、喷壶……
方法步骤：
(1)将黄瓜幼苗平均分成A、B、C、D四组。
(2) 。
(3) 。
(4)连续观察6周，记录并统计。
4．请回答下列有关赤霉素的问题：
(1)赤霉素有促进细胞分裂的作用。用适宜浓度的赤霉素处理植物芽尖细胞，其细胞周期的期明显变短，此时期分子水平上所发生的变化主要是和。
(2)植物体内赤霉素的合成主要在未成熟的种子、幼根和幼芽等的部位。用赤霉素多次喷洒水稻植株后，引起其生长速度过快，将导致稻谷产量。
(3)赤霉素促进茎的伸长主要与细胞壁的伸展性有关。有人
进行了CaCl2和赤霉素对某植物种子胚轴生长速率影响的实验，
结果如右图所示。由图分析可知，一定浓度的CaCl2溶液对细胞
壁的伸展起作用；加入赤霉素溶液的时间在图
中的 (A点、B点、C点)。根据上述实验分析赤霉素促
进茎伸长的可能原因是。
参考答案
一、选择题
1．B
解析：细胞分裂素存在于植物体分生组织，如根尖。
2．C
解析：C项有可能不是生长素引起的是，可能是根的向肥性或向水性。
3．C
解析：生长素在植物体内的运输，主要是从植物体形态学的上端向下端运输，不能倒转过来运输。其原因最可能是载体的分布所造成。
4．B
解析：植物扦插繁殖时，需要对插枝进行去除成熟叶片、保留芽和幼叶等处理，这样可以促进插枝成活。其原因是③芽和幼叶能产生生长素，促进生根，④去除成熟叶片可降低蒸腾作用。
5．B
解析：顶端优势是顶芽产生的生长素运输到侧芽，导致侧芽生长素浓度过高抑制生长的现象。B选项中虽然去掉了顶芽，但是放了含生长素的羊毛脂，生长素仍然会从顶芽向下运输到侧芽，所以选B。
6．D
解析：生长素在农业生产上的应用主要有：①促进扦插的枝条生根；②促进果实发育；
③防止落花落果。所以A、B正确；除杀田间的双子叶植物杂草应用的是生长素作用的两重性，即高浓度抑制生长的原理，所以C正确。果实的成熟是乙烯的作用，所以选D。
7．D
解析：生产无子番茄是生长素促进果实发育，③果树整枝修剪和⑥棉花摘心是解除顶端优势④带芽的枝条扦插是生长素促进枝条扦插生根。
②培育无子西瓜是秋水仙素使染色体数目加倍，⑤移栽植物时剪去部分叶片是减少水分蒸腾，与植物激素无关。
8．A
解析：在早春低温时为了让水稻种子早发芽，稻农常将种子置于流动的河流或溪水中浸
泡一段时间，是为了除去脱落酸，解除种子休眠。
9．A
解析：单侧光引起生长素分布不均匀，背光面(X)比向光面(Y)分布多，M长得比N长。
10．C
解析：单侧光引起生长素分布不均匀，背光面比向光面分布多，左侧生长素含量高，生长快。生长素在植株幼嫩部位的运输方式为主动运输。根部生长也表现出顶端优势现象。生长素浓度高低依次是B＞C＞D＞A。
11．A
解析：当某植物顶芽比侧芽生长快时会产生顶端优势，其主要原因是侧芽附近的生长素浓度过高，其生长受抑制。
12．A
解析：根据激素的作用特点，推测图中a、b依次为赤霉素(促进萌发)、脱落酸(抑制萌发)。
13．A
解析：与植物顶端优势有关的植物激素是生长素。
14．C
解析：生长素的化学本质不是蛋白质，是吲哚乙酸。
二、非选择题
1．(1)胚芽鞘尖端(2)促进生长(3)少琼脂块(4)多吲哚乙酸
2．(1)不同浓度的生长素对幼苗的影响不同
(2)①编号并垫上滤纸
②取等量的5种浓度的生长素溶液和蒸馏水分别滴入相应的培养皿中
③取等量的生长状况相同的已萌发的萝卜种子分别放入6个培养皿中
④1～10 mg·L-1
3．(2)用蒸馏水稀释乙烯利溶液，配置成4种浓度(要求在0～100 mg·L-1、100～200 mg·L-1、200～300 mg·L-1三个区间各至少取一种浓度)
(3)取等量上述各浓度乙烯利溶液，用喷壶分别喷洒各组黄瓜幼苗一次
(4)各组雌花数(或各组每株平均雌花数)
实验结果预测：如配置的浓度为0、50、150、250 mg·L-1，折线图为：
(要求在横坐标上注明上述(2)配置的浓度)
4. (1)分裂间DNA复制有关蛋白质的合成(2)生长旺盛降低
(3)抑制B点赤霉素降低了细胞壁上Ca2+的浓度
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英语学术论文常用句型 总结版
英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations in volving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is p roposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuz zy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented i n Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need f or development of possibility methods. Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance. 2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic. 3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx 4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language un derstanding. 5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fu zzy time window 6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ... 7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ….. and als o discusses how to evaluate system performance. 8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx. 9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.
思修与法基论文
论为人处事对当代大学生的影响 摘要:为人处事态度直接影响着大学生人格发展方向,对大学生的人格品质、自我评价、情绪健康、学习适应等人格方面具有广泛的影响。当代大学生为人处事态度并不是很端正、积极，而积极的态度对当代大学生各方面的发展都十分重要，因此有必要采取相应的策略。端正大学生为人处事态度的有效策略是：勇于实践，积极面对掌握为人处事的基本技能，加强自我教育，塑造良好的个性品质；学会欣赏别人，并拥有一颗宽容之心，克服社会偏差，控制好自己的情绪，发挥团体优势，并能为团队竭尽全力，有集体荣誉感，促进的学生人格健康发展。 关键词：为人处事，态度，当代大学生，人格健康 当代大学生接受了高等教育丰富了知识、提升了学历，学习、生活方式丰富多彩。然而当代大学生为人处事态度并不积极存在一些不足之处：第一，责任心不强，因此有了事不关己，高高挂起的说法，第二，礼貌、文明程度不够高，在校园内存在一些现象：当代大学生对师长视而不见，擦肩而过，体现出对师长都不够尊重，第三，以自我为中心，有些自傲，也经不起别人的一顿批评，第四，待人不过宽容，遇到一点小事容易发生纠纷，第五，自觉意识不强，主动性也较差，易受外界不良环境的影响，第六，在学习和生活过程中，目标不是很明确，表现出一定的盲目性。 随着社会的发展和文明的进步，社会对个体的一切越来越高。塑造健康的人格已成为高等学校交易的重要责任和核心的任务之一。 为人处事的好坏是一个人社会适应能力和健康人格的综合体现。健康的人格总部随着积极的为人处世态度。为人处事态度最直接的体现是人际关系。心理学家马斯洛、奥尔波特、罗杰斯都把建立适宜、良好的人家关系作为人格健康者应具备的能力。新技术分析学理论认为，心理病态主要是由于人际关系失调而来的。因此，和谐的人际关系积极的为人处事态度和健康人格的反映，同时有影响和制约着即将为人处事态度和健康人格的形成和发展。具有健康人格的让人，能积极地与他人交往，建立起良好的、建设新的软件更新和积极的为人处事态度；人格有障碍和缺陷者，往往缺乏稳定的、良好的人际关系。
唯美英文短句。
1.Please don't see me off.The journey I'm walking on alone is lonely and dangerous. 请不要为我送行。我即将独自踏上的旅途是孤独且布满荆棘的。 2.I will always keep my eyes wide open so that I can know everything in your heart. 我会一直睁大眼睛这样的话我就能读出你心底的一切了。
3.I love the way of rain drops falling on the leaves because that is the way you loved me . 我喜欢雨滴落在树叶上的方式因为你也曾经这样爱过我。
4.I miss you. I miss you. I miss you. Even if let me say this one thousand times,I will never get tired of it. 我想你我想你我想你呀即使让我说一千遍我也永远不会厌倦。
5.Look at the stars in the sky,that's all my wishes especiallly for you. 你看到夜空中的星星了么那都是专属于你我的祝福啊。 6.Yep.I'm wondering if you will give all yourself to me when I need you. 是的。我在想我需要你的时候你会不会把全部的你托付给我。
纸张的种类(英文)
岳阳林纸股份有限公司产品标签复印纸 copy paper 环保复印纸 environmental copy paper 全木浆笔记本纸100% wood pulp notebook paper 笔记本纸 notebook paper 环保笔记本纸 environmental notebook paper 全木浆胶版纸 100% wood pulp offset paper 颜料整饰胶版纸 pigment offset paper 环保胶版纸 environmental offset paper 轻型胶版纸 Light weight offset paper 典雅纯质纸Elegant pure quality paper 胶印书刊纸 Offset book paper 颜料整饰胶版纸B pigment offset paper B 环保书刊纸environmental book paper 精制量涂布纸 fine light weight coating paper 低定量铜板纸 light weight art paper 雅光铜板纸 matt coated paper 新闻纸 newsprint paper 超市广告纸 supermarket poster paper 工业淋膜原纸 industrial membrane lamination paper 铸涂原纸 cast coated base paper 热敏原纸 thermal base paper 铜板原纸 art base paper 无碳复写原纸 carbonless copy base paper 格拉辛原纸 glassine base paper 食品包装纸 food packaging paper 高白胶版纸 high white offset paper 数码印刷纸 digital printing paper 数码快印纸 digital fast printing paper 数码轻型纸 digital light paper
论文常用句型[1](1)
如何指出当前研究的不足以及有目的地引导出自己的研究的重要性通常在叙述了前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，比如However, little information.. little attention... little work... little data little research or few studies few investigations... few researchers... few attempts... or no none of these studies has (have) been less done on ... focused on attempted to conducted investigated studied (with respect to) Previous research (studies, records) has (have) failed to consider ignored misinterpreted neglected to overestimated, underestimated misleaded thus, these previus results are inconclisive, misleading, unsatisfactory, questionable, controversial.. Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist ... 这种引导一般提出一种新方法，或者一种新方向。如果研究的方法以及方向和前人一样，可以通过下面的方式强调自己工作的作用：However, data is still scarce rare less accurate there is still dearth of We need to aim to have to provide more documents
思修与法基
生活方向标 ——学习《思想道德修养与法律基础》课收获和体会大学，这是多少学子努力拼搏12年的目标，又是多少父母对自己孩子的巨大期望。一代又一代的学子孜孜不倦地向着这个美丽的目标努力。都认为从大学走出来的就是人才，就会有一个前途光明的工作。可是到了我上大学后，我才发现生活并不是我想像中的那么简单，那么美好。大学与我以前想象的不一样，至少部分不一样。上了大学一段时间后，有人说大学是堕落的地方，我点头,因为我看到过宿舍中一群室友周末两天一直打游戏的画面。有人说大学是奢侈的地方，我点头，因为我看到过很多人只要有空就去聚餐的画面。有人说大学是一个塑造人才的地方，我摇摇头……直到我认真上了《思想道德修养与法律基础》这门课，我才发现我错了。大学其实是一个七彩的地方，有黑有红，关键在于你往何处去看。 刚刚开始上《思想道德修养与法律基础》课时，多年的学生心理作怪，翻了翻课本，认为这不过又是一门上课老师空讲大道理，放羊式教育的课程。可是之后随着课堂内容的逐渐展开，我逐步发现《思想道德修养与法律基础》这门课其实很有用。对我们大学生性格的养成与修正起到了巨大的作用，对于我们这样一个处于刚刚上大学，正在迷茫，还没有完全适应大学这样一个自由环境的群体来说，《思想道德修养与法律基础》课就像是一个方向标，它不会强迫你往哪个方向走，但会为你指明一个往好的道路发展的方向。同时也是帮助我们树立正确世界观、人生观、价值观，加强自我修养，提高道德素质和法律素质的课程。对于我们正确认识社会，正确认识他人，正确认识自己，促进德智体美全面发展具有重要意义。 与以前老师不同的是，大学老师教学很“宽松”，课堂气氛很融洽，老师很少会要求具体某个人回答问题，全凭自觉。这如果放在高中阶段肯定会是一个气氛异常沉闷的课堂，但奇怪的是，大学课堂从来都是活跃的，从来没有出现过一个问题无人回答的情况。这让我确确实实的知道了学习要靠自觉，从来不会有人逼着我去努力，努力与否全凭我自己的决断。不仅仅是在学习上如此，生活中亦是如此。如果我自己不去努力争取，即使机会就在眼前，我也不可能抓得住。大学中的确是有人在自顾自的玩，他可以一整天沉迷于游戏。但是那是他的选择，
唯美英文
I don’t understand why fate brings two people who can’t stay together forever to each other. 我不明白，为什么命运要让两个不可能在一起的人相遇。 I’m proud of my heart. It’s been played, burned, and broken, but it still works. 我为自己的心感到骄傲。它曾受玩弄，曾经心焦，曾遭破碎，却依然鲜活跳动。 If you don’t understand my silence, you will never understand my words.—如果你不懂我的沉默，你也永远不会明白我说的话语。 When life gives you a hundred reasons to cry, show life that you have a thousand reasons to smile.—当生活给你100个伤心的原因，你就还它1000个微笑的理由。 Learn to use the understanding of the vision to see and appreciate each other, in order to opinionated care to pipe each other.—学会用理解的，欣赏的眼光去看对方，而不是以自以为是的关心去管对方。 Whatever with the past has gone, the best is always yet to come.—无论过去发生过什么，你要相信，最好的尚未到来。 If we can only encounter each other rather than stay with each other, then I wish we had never encountered.—如果只是遇见，不能停留，不如不遇见。 There will be a tear that lets you grow in a twinkling.总会有一次流泪，让我们瞬间长大。 You are so lucky, because you can choose to love me or not, but myself only have to choose from loving you or loving you more.—你是幸运的，因为你可以选择爱我或不爱我，而我只能选择爱你还是更爱你。 Sometimes, you just have to pretend that you are happy just to stop everyone from asking you what the hell happened—有时候，你不得不假装很快乐，只是为了不让别人问“你怎么了？”Try to hold the right hand with your left hand, and gave yourself most simple warmth. We should learn to get it by ourselves instead of craving for warmth from others.试着用左手握住右手，给自己最简单的温暖，不再奢求别人的给予，开始学着自己给自己。 Among those people that appear in our life, some are to teach us, some to comfort us, some to share and some to love. 在我们生命中出现的人，一些给我们上课，一些让我们痊愈，有的用来分担分享，有的用来真爱。 等翻译：我喜欢你。是一句藏在心里很久的话。你可以不用回复我，但是，我却必须把它告诉你。 I’m proud of my heart. It’s been played, burned, and broken, but it still works. 我为自己的心感到骄傲。它曾受玩弄，曾经心焦，曾遭破碎，却依然鲜活跳动。 I don’t think that when people grow up.Conversely, I think it’s a selecting process, knowing what’s the most important and what’s the least. And then be a simple man.—人的心智成熟是一个逐渐剔除的过程，知道自己最重要的是什么，知道不重要的东西是什么。而后，做一个纯简的人。 Forget all the reason why it won’t work and believe the one reason why it will. ------ 忘掉所有那些“不可能”的借口，去坚持那一个“可能”。 Best way to not get your heart broken, is pretend you don’t have one.—不想伤心最好的办法就是假装自己没心没肺。 Memory is a wonderful thing if you don’t have to deal with the past。回忆本来是非常美好的，只要你能让过去的都过去 I‘d rather love someone I can‘t have than have someone I can‘t Love 。我宁愿爱上一个我不能拥有的人，也不想拥有一个我无法爱上的人。 There is still a long way to go. You may cry, but you have to keep on moving and never stop.前面
paper的用法和短语例句
paper的用法和短语例句 paper有纸;文件;报纸;论文;票据等意思，那么你知道paper的用法吗?下面跟着小编一起来学习一下，希望对大家的学习有所帮助! paper的用法： paper的用法1：paper的基本意思是纸,通常用作物质名词,不可数。如表示可数性,则须借助于单位词。一小张纸是a piece of paper; 一大张标准尺寸的纸是a sheet of paper。paper作写过字的纸解时,是可数名词,有复数形式。 paper的用法2：paper也可作报纸文件证件试卷论文等解,可用复数形式。 paper的用法3：paper的基本意思是用纸贴或用纸覆盖,引申可表示隐瞒,掩饰。 paper的用法4：用作及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语。 paper的常用短语： 用作名词(n.) on paper 用作动词(v.) paper over (v.+prep.) paper的用法例句： 1. He wiped away the blood with a paper napkin. 他用纸巾将血迹擦去。
2. Under the newspaper, atop a sheet of paper, lay an envelope. 在报纸下面的一张纸上放着一个信封。 3. Stein rolled up the paper bag with the money inside. 斯坦把装了钱的纸袋卷了起来。 4. Randall would just now be getting the Sunday paper. 兰德尔这个时候应该正在拿周日的报纸。 5. Theres always tons of scrap paper in Dads office. 爸爸的办公室里总有大量的废纸。 6. She tore off two sections of paper towel and folded them lengthwise. 她撕下两格纸巾，然后纵向对折。 7. The paper is openly critical of the strong-arm president. 该报纸对这位铁腕总统进行公开的批评。 8. A crumpled scrap of paper was found in her handbag. 在她的手提包里发现了一张皱巴巴的小纸片。 9. The new copiers only copy onto one side of the paper. 新复印机只能单面复印。 10. I used to edit the college paper in the old days. 以前我曾经做过大学校报的主编。 11. The papersprice rise will encourage readers to desert in even greater numbers.
Paper 格式要求
强大且简练的英文论文格式！ —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————来自撒撒的迷妹分享 一、论文的题目要求 1、论文题目以最恰当、最简明的词语反映论文中最重要的特定内容的逻辑组合，并有助于选定关键词和编制目录 2、论文题目不能用缩略词、首字母缩略词、字符、代号和公式等 3、论文题目一般不超过20个字 4、论文题目语义未尽可用副标题补充说明 二、论文摘要的要求 应具有独立性和自含性，是一篇完整的短文，它说明论文的主要思想、结构框架，或研究工作的目的、实验方法、结果和最终结论 三、论文的关键词 每篇论文必须选中3--5个中、英文关键词，以显著的字符另起一行，排在其对应摘要的左下方，中文关键词尽可能用《汉语主题词表》等词表提到的规范词 四、论文的字体及字号格式 1、英文统一使用Microsoft Word软件中的Times New Roman字体，所用中文使用“宋体”字体 2、内封大标题使用“粗体三号字”，内封其他信息使用“粗体四号字” 3、正文大标题使用“粗体小三号字”，章节标题使用“粗体四号字” 4、正文使用字体为Times New Roma，大小为12 font（也就是小四）“小四号字”，正文中成段的引文使用“五号字” 5、行距为1.5 或2倍行距，段与段之间需要空一行 6、对齐方式为左对齐或者两侧对齐（总之，左起必须顶格） 7、Reference（参考文献）必须另起一页，且不计入文章字数 注意：写论文中最好都别写简写啦！就像雅思考试哦筒子们！！还有我加红色的地方，是我总会忘记的emmmmmm常识啊！！！！
唯美英文句子
1.I love three things in this world. Sun, moon and you. Sun for morning, moon for night , and you forever.予独爱世间三物。昼之日，夜之月，汝之永恒。 2.Life has taught us that love does not consist in gazing at each other, but in looking outward together in the same direction. 生活教会我们，爱并不在于长久地凝视，而在于眺望远方同一方向的希望。 3.Life isn't about waiting for the storm to pass, it's about learning to dance in the rain.生活不是等待暴风雨过境，而是学会在雨中跳出最美的舞姿。 4.You know my loneliness is only kept for you, my sweet songs are only sung for you.你可知我百年的孤寂只为你一人守侯，千夜的恋歌只为你一人而唱。 5.If living on the earth is a mission from the lord…living with you is the award of the lord…如果活着，是上帝赋予我最大的使命，那么活者有你，将会是上帝赋予我使命的恩赐…… 6.Do you understand the feeling of missing someone? It is just like that you will spend a long hard time to turn the ice-cold water you have drunk into tears.你知道思念一个人的滋味吗，就像喝了一大杯冰水，然后用很长很长的时间流成热泪。 7.In such a soft and warm season, please accept my sincere blessing and deep concern for you.在这充满温馨的季节里，给你我真挚的祝福及深深的思念。 8.For our ever-lasting friendship, send sincere blessings and warm greetings to my friends whom I miss so much.一份不渝的友谊，执着千万个祝福，给我想念的朋友，温馨的问候。 9.It is graceful grief and sweet sadness to think of you, but in my heart, there is a kind of soft warmth that can’t be expressed with any choice of words.想你，是一种美丽的忧伤的甜蜜的惆怅，心里面，却是一种用任何语言也无法表达的温馨。 10.You and I remains the same in different time, at different places,among different people; time is changing, space is changing and everything is changing except my miss to you!不同的时间，不同的地点，不同的人群，相同的只有你和我；时间在变，空间在变，不变的只有对你无限的思念！ 11.Coffee is lonely without cups just as I am lonely without you.没有杯子……咖啡是寂寞的……没有你……我是孤独的…… 12.My heart beats for you every day. I am inspired by you every minute, and I worry about you every second. It is wonderful to have you in my life.每一天都为你心跳，每一刻都被你感动，每一秒都为你担心。有你的感觉真好。 13.No matter the ending is perfect or not, you cannot disappear from my world.我的世界不允许你的消失,不管结局是否完美. 14.Love is a carefully designed lie.爱情是一个精心设计的谎言. 15.Promises are often like the butterfly, which disappear after beautiful hover.承诺常常很像蝴蝶,美丽的飞盘旋然后不见 16.Fading is true while flowering is past凋谢是真实的,盛开只是一种过去 17.Why I have never catched the happiness? Whenever I want you ,I will be accompanyed by the memory of...为什么幸福总是擦肩而过,偶尔想你的时候….就让….回忆来陪我. 18.Love ,promised between the fingers.Finger rift,twisted in the love爱情…在指缝间承诺指缝….在爱情下交缠. 19.If you weeped for the missing sunset,you would miss all the shining stars如果你为着错过夕阳而哭泣，那么你就要错群星了 20.To feel the flame of dreaming and to feel the moment of dancing,when all the romance is far away,the eternity is always there.感受梦的火焰，感觉飞舞瞬间，当一切浪漫遥远，永恒依然
英文翻译WorldwidePaperCompany
Worldwide Paper Company 案例分析：国际纸业公司 (WPC) Blue Ridge Mill is the subordinate factory of Worldwide Paper Company. In December 2006, Bob Prescott, the controller for the Blue Ridge Mill, was consideringthe addition of a new on-site Longwood wood yard. The addition would have two primarybenefits: to eliminate the need to purchase short wood from an outside supplier and create theopportunity to sell short wood on the open market as a new market forWorldwide PaperCompany.Now the new wood yard would allow the Blue Ridge Mill not only to reduceits operating costs but also to increase its revenue. The proposed wood yard utilized newtechnology that allowed tree length logs, called long wood, to be processed directly, whereas thecurrent process required short wood, which had to be purchased from another mill. Thisnearby mill, owned by a competitor, had excess capacity that allowed it to produce more shortwood than it needed for its own pulp production. The excess was sold to several different mills,including the Blue Ridge Mill. Thus adding the new long wood equipment would mean that Prescott would no longer need to use the Shenandoah Mill as a short wood supplier and that theBlue Ridge Mill would instead compete with the Shenandoah Mill by selling on the short woodmarket.The question for Prescott was whether these expected benefits were enough to justifythe $18 million capital outlay plus the incremental investments in working capital over the sixyear life of the investment. Construction would start within a few months, and the investment outlay would be spentover two calendar years: $16 million in 2007 and the remaining $2 million in 2008. When thenew wood yard began operating in 2008, it would significantly reduce the operating costs of themill. These operating saving would come mostly from the differencethe cost of producingshort wood on-site versus buying it on the open market and were estimated to be $2.0 million for2008 and $3.5 million per year thereafter.Prescott also planned on taking advantage of the excess production capacity afforded bythe new facility by selling short wood on the open market as soon as possible. For 2008, heexpected to show revenues of approximately $4 million, as the facility came on line and began tobread into the new market. He expected short wood sales to reach $10 million in 2009 andcontinue as the $10 million level through 2013. Prescott estimated that the cost of goods sold(before including depreciation expenses) would be 75% of revenues, and SG&Awould be 5% ofrevenues. In addition to the capital outlay of $18 million, the increased revenue would necessitatehigher levels of inventories and accounts receivable. The total working capital would average10% of annual revenues. Therefore the amount of working capital investment each year wouldequal 10% of incremental sales of the year. At the end of the life of the equipment, in 2013, allthe net working capital on the books would be recoverable at cost, whereas only 10% or $1.8million (before taxes) of the capital investment would be recoverable. Taxes would be paid at 40% rate, and depreciation was calculated on a straight-line basisover the six-year life, with zero salvage. WPC accountants had told Prescott that depreciationcharges could not begin until 2008, when all the $1.8 million had been spent, and the machinerywas in