供应链管理双语英文判断与选择翻译
1) A supply chain includes only the organizations directly involved in supplying components needed for manufacturing.一个供应链仅包括直接参与提供所需的元件制造业的组织。Answer: FALSE
2) A supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a customer request. Answer: TRUE
供应链由所有各方，直接或间接参与，满足客户要求。
3) A supply chain could be more accurately described as a supply network or supply web. Answer: TRUE
供应链可以更准确地描述为供应网络。
4) The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated. TRUE
每一个供应链的目的是生成的整体价值最大化。
5) The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the value generated for the manufacturing component of the supply chain. Answer: FALSE
每一个供应链的目标是最大化为供应链的制造组件生成价值。
6) Every supply chain must include all 5 stages. Answer: FALSE
每个供应链必须包括所有 5 个阶段。
7) The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain are divided into a series of activities performed at the interface between successive stages. Answer: TRUE
供应链周期认为供应链流程分为一系列的活动上演在连续阶段之间的接口。
8) The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders. Answer: FALSE
供应链周期观点认为，在供应链过程可以分为 2 个类别，具体取决于他们是否发起回应或预期客户订单。
9) The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders. Answer: TRUE
供应链推/拉认为，在供应链过程可以分为 2 个类别，具体取决于他们是否发起回应或预期客户订单。
10) The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain are divided into a series of activities performed at the interface between successive stages. FALSE
供应链推/拉认为在供应链流程分为一系列的活动上演在连续阶段之间的接口。
11) The objective of the customer arrival process is to maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders. Answer: TRUE
客户到达过程的目标是最大化客户来港定居人士对客户订单的转换。
12) The objective of the customer arrival process is to ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chain processes. FALSE
客户到达过程的目标是确保订单是快速、准确地输入，并传达给其他受影响的供应链流程。
13) The objective of customer order entry is to ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chain processes. Answer: TRUE
客户订单输入的目标是确保订单是快速、准确地输入，并传达给其他受影响的供应链流程。
14) The objective of customer order entry is to maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment. Answer: FALSE
客户订单输入的目标是保持产品收据和完成付款的记录。
15) The replenishment cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface. Answer: TRUE
补货周期发生在零售商/分销商接口。
16) The replenishment cycle occurs at the distributor/manufacturer interface. FALSE
补货周期发生在分销商/制造商接口。
17) The replenishment cycle is initiated when a supermarket runs out of stock of a particular item. Answer: TRUE
补货周期始于一家超市运行脱销，某一项目。
18) The replenishment cycle is initiated when customers load items intended for purchase into their carts. Answer: FALSE
补货周期始于客户加载项用于购买到他们的手推车。
19) The manufacturing cycle occurs at the distributor/manufacturer interface. TRUE
在分销商/制造商界面发生的制造周期。
20) The manufacturing cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface. Answer: FALSE 制造周期发生在制造商/供应商接口。
21) The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to the order entry process in the replenishment cycle. Answer: TRUE
生产调度过程的制造周期类似于订单输入过程中的补货周期。
22) The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to the order fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle. Answer: FALSE
生产调度过程的制造周期类似于订单执行过程中的补货周期。
23) The procurement cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface. Answer: TRUE 采购周期发生在制造商/供应商接口。
24) The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operational decisions, because it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supply chain. TRUE
供应链周期视图非常有用当考虑业务的决定时，因为它指定了供应链的每个成员的职责与角色。
25) The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operational decisions, because it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders. Answer: FALSE
供应链周期视图非常有用当考虑业务的决定时，因为它的分类过程基于是否启动响应或预期的客户订单。
26) The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategic decisions relating to supply chain design, because it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supply chain. Answer: FALSE
供应链推/拉视图非常有用在考虑有关供应链设计时，因为它指定了供应链的每个成员的职责与角色的战略决策。
27) Pull processes may also be referred to as speculative processes. Answer: FALSE
拉过程也可以被称为投机过程。
28) Push processes may also be referred to as speculative processes. Answer: TRUE
推过程也可以被称为投机过程。
29) All supply chain activities within a firm belong to one of three macro processes — CRM, ISCM and SRM. Answer: TRUE
在一家公司内的所有供应链活动都属于三个宏观过程之一——CRM、ISCM 和SRM。
30) There is a close connection between the design and management of supply chain flows and the success of a supply chain. Answer: TRUE
设计和管理的供应链流程和供应链的成功之间有密切联系。
31) All stages of an enterprise are involved, either directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a customer request.mm Answer: TRUE
企业的所有阶段都参与，无论是直接或间接地在实现一个客户request.mm
32)A supply chain involves the constant flow of information, product, and funds between different stages and is typically static. Answer: FALSE
一个供应链涉及信息，产品，资金在不同阶段之间的流动和静止
33) The difference between the value of the product and its price remains with the customer as consumer surplus. Answer: TRUE
消费者剩余是指对于消费者来说产品的价值和它的价格的保持之间的区别。
1)Which of the following is not a stage within a typical supply chain?
下列哪一项不是一个典型的供应链内的阶段？
A) Customers 消费者
B) Retailers 零售商
C) Wholesalers/Distributors 批发商/经销商
D) Manufacturers 制造商
E) All of the above are stages within a typical supply chain.
以上都是典型的供应链内的阶段
2)Which of the following is not a stage within a typical supply chain?
下列哪一项不是一个典型的供应链内的阶段？
A) Customers 消费者
B) Retailers 零售商
C) Wholesalers/Distributors 批发商/经销商
D) Merchandisers 商人
E) Component/Raw material suppliers 组件/原材料供应商
3)Supply chain profitability is
供应链盈利能力是？
A)not correlated to the value generated by the various stages of the supply chain.
不相关的供应链的不同阶段产生的值。
B)the total profit to be shared across all supply chain stages.
利润总额被整个供应链的所有阶段共享
C) the difference between the revenue generated from the customer and the overall cost across the supply chain.客户和在整个供应链的总成本产生的收益之间的差异。
D) the total revenue generated by the distributor stage of the supply chain.
供应链分销阶段的收入总额。
E) B and C only
4)Successful supply chain management requires which of the following decision phases?
成功的供应链管理需要下列哪些决策阶段？
A) Supply chain strategy/design 供应链战略/设计
B) Supply chain planning 供应链规划
C) Supply chain operation 供应链运营
D) all of the above 以上全部
E) A and B only A和B选项
5) The decision phases in a supply chain include
在供应链的决定阶段包括
A) production scheduling. 生产调度
B) customer relationship management. 客户关系管理
C) supply chain operation. 供应链运营
D) supply chain orientation. 供应链方向
E) all of the above 以上全部
6）The cycle view of a supply chain holds that
供应链的循环观点认为
A)the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories.
在供应链中的过程分为2类。
B)the processes in a supply chain are divided into a series of activities performed at the
interface between successive stages.
在供应链的过程被划分成一系列的在连续阶段之间的界面进行的活动。
C)all processes in a supply chain are initiated in response to a customer order.
在供应链中的所有工序都从响应一个客户的订单开始。
D)all processes in a supply chain are performed in anticipation of customer orders.
在供应链中所有工序都在客户订单预期进行。
E) None of the above are true. 以上全部都是假的
7）The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that
供应链的推/拉的观点认为
A)the processes in a supply chain are divided into a series of activities performed at the
interface between successive stages.
在供应链的过程被划分成一系列的在连续阶段之间的界面进行的活动。
B)all processes in a supply chain are initiated in response to a customer order.
在供应链中的所有工序都从响应一个客户的订单开始。
C)all responses in a supply chain are performed in anticipation of customer orders.
在供应链中所有工序都在客户订单预期进行。
D)the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories depending on whether they
are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.
在供应链中的进程被分为两类取决于它们是否发起响应在客户订单预期。
E) None of the above are true. 以上全部都是假的Customer order cycle
8) Which of the following is not a cycle in the supply chain cycle view?
以下哪项是不属于供应链周期观点的周期？
A) Analysis cycle 分析周期
B) Customer order cycle 客户订单周期
C) Replenishment cycle 补货周期
D) Manufacturing cycle 制造周期
E) Procurement cycle 采购周期
9) Which of the following is not a cycle in the supply chain cycle view?
以下哪项是不属于供应链周期观点的周期？
A) Customer order cycle 客户订单周期
B) Replenishment cycle 补货周期
C) Manufacturing cycle 制造周期
D) Procurement cycle 采购周期
E) All of the above are part of the supply chain cycle view. 以上均为供应链周期观点的一部分
10) The customer order cycle occurs at the
客户订单周期发生在
A) customer/retailer interface. 客户/零售商接口
B) retailer/distributor interface.零售商/经销商的接口
C) distributor/manufacturer interface. 分销商/制造商的接口
D) manufacturer/supplier interface. 制造商/供应商界面
E) none of the above 以上都不是
11) Which of the following is not a process in the customer order cycle?
以下哪项不是客户订单周期的过程?
A) Customer arrival 顾客到达
B) Customer order entry 客户订单输入
C) Customer order fulfillment 客户订单履行
D) Customer order receiving 客户订单接收
E) All are processes in the customer order cycle. 以上所有都是客户订单周期过程
12) Customer arrival refers to 顾客到达指
A) the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes a decision regarding a purchase. 当客户有权选择和作出购买决定的时间点。
B) the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and the retailer allocating product to the customer. 客户告知他们想要购买的零售商，零售商将产品分配给客户。C) the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.
产品准备并发送给客户的过程。
D)the process where the customer receives the product and takes ownership.
在客户收到产品并取得所有权的过程。
E) none of the above 以上都不是
13) The objective of the customer arrival process is to 客户到达过程的目标是
A) get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at the lowest possible cost.
以尽可能低的成本在承诺到期日获得正确的订单客户
B) maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.
保持产品收据和完成付款的记录。
C)maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.
最大限度地提高客户到达对客户订单的转换。
D) ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chain processes.确保订单快速准确地进入并传达给其他受影响的供应链流程。
E) none of the above 以上都不是
14) Customer order entry is 客户订单输入是
A) the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes a decision regarding a purchase.当客户有权选择和作出购买决定的时间点。
B) the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and the retailer allocating product to the customer.客户告知他们想要购买的零售商，零售商将产品分配给客户。
C) the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.
产品准备并发送给客户的过程。
D)the process where the customer receives the product and takes ownership.
在客户收到产品并取得所有权的过程。
E) none of the above 以上都不是
15) The objective of customer order entry is to 顾客订单输入的目标是
A) get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at the lowest possible cost.
以尽可能低的成本在承诺到期日获得正确的订单客户
B) maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.
保持产品收据和完成付款的记录。
C) maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.
最大限度地提高客户到达对客户订单的转换。
D)ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chain processes.
确保订单快速准确地进入并传达给其他受影响的供应链流程。
E) none of the above 以上都不是
16) Customer order fulfillment refers to 客户订单履行是指
A) the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes a decision regarding a purchase.当客户有权选择和作出购买决定的时间点。
B) the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and the retailer allocating product to the customer. 客户告知他们想要购买的零售商，零售商将产品分配给客户。C) the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.
产品准备并发送给客户的过程。
D)the process where the customer receives the product and takes ownership.
在客户收到产品并取得所有权的过程。
E) none of the above 以上都不是
17) The objective of customer order fulfillment is to 客户订单履行的目标是
A) get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at the lowest possible cost. 以尽可能低的成本在承诺到期日获得正确的订单客户
B) maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.
保持产品收据和完成付款的记录。
C) maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.
最大限度地提高客户到达对客户订单的转换。
D)ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chain processes.
确保订单快速准确地进入并传达给其他受影响的供应链流程。
E) none of the above 以上都不是
18) Customer order receiving is 客户订单接收为
A) the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes a decision regarding a purchase. 当客户有权选择和作出购买决定的时间点。
B) the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and the retailer allocates product to the customer. 客户告知他们想要购买的零售商，零售商将产品分配给客户。
C) the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.
产品准备并发送给客户的过程。
D)the process where the customer receives the product and takes ownership.
在客户收到产品并取得所有权的过程。
E) none of the above 以上都不是
19) The replenishment cycle occurs at the 补货周期发生在
A) customer/retailer interface. 客户/零售商接口
B) retailer/distributor interface. 零售商/经销商的接口
C) distributor/manufacturer interface.分销商/制造商的接口
D) manufacturer/supplier interface. 制造商/供应商接口
E) none of the above 以上都不是
20) The processes involved in the replenishment cycle include
参与补货周期的过程包括
A) retail order receiving. 零售订单接收
B) retail order entry. 零售订单输入
C) retail order trigger. 零售订单触发器
D) retail order fulfillment. 零售订单履行
E) all of the above 以上都是
21) The processes included in the replenishment cycle include all of the following except
所有参与补货周期的过程除了
A) retail order receiving. 零售订单接收
B) retail order entry. 零售订单输入
C) retail order trigger. 零售订单触发器
D) retail order fulfillment. 零售订单履行
E) none of the above 以上都不是
22) The processes included in the replenishment cycle include
包含在订货周期的过程包括
A) order arrival. 订单到达
B) production scheduling. 生产调度
C) retail trigger. 零售触发器
D) manufacturing.制造业
E) receiving.接收
23) The replenishment cycle is initiated when 补货周期开始当
A) the customer walks into the supermarket. 顾客走进超市
B) the customer calls a mail order telemarketing center.客户来电电话营销中心邮购
C) customers load items intended for purchase into their carts.客户的负荷项目，用于购买到他们的车。
D) a product is received into stock at a store. 接收到的产品进入股票在一家商店。
E) none of the above 以上都不是
24) The manufacturing cycle occurs at the 制造周期发生在
A) customer/retailer interface. 客户/零售商接口
B) retailer/distributor interface. 零售商/经销商的接口
C) distributor/manufacturer interface. 分销商/制造商的接口
D) manufacturer/supplier interface. 制造商/供应商接口
E) none of the above 以上都不是
25) The processes involved in the manufacturing cycle include 涉及在制造周期中的工艺包括
A) receiving. 接收
B) manufacturing and shipping.制造和运输
C) production scheduling. 生产调度
D) order arrival. 订单到达
E) all of the above 以上都是
26) The processes involved in the manufacturing cycle include 涉及在制造周期中的工艺包括
A) order trigger. 订单触发器
B) production scheduling.生产调度
C) order fulfillment.订单履行
D) order entry.订单输入
E) manufacturing order analysis. 生产订单的分析
27) The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to the
在制造循环中的生产调度过程类似于
A) order receiving process in the replenishment cycle. 在补货周期订单接收进程。
B) order fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle.订单履行流程在补货周期。
C) order entry process in the replenishment cycle. 在补货周期订单输入过程。
D) order trigger process in the replenishment cycle. 在补货周期顺序触发过程。
E) none of the above 以上都不是
28) The manufacturing and shipping process in the manufacturing cycle is equivalent to the
在制造周期中的制造和运输过程等效于
A) order receiving process in the replenishment cycle. 在补货周期订单接收进程
B) order fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle.订单履行流程在补货周期
C) order entry process in the replenishment cycle.在补货周期订单输入过程。
D) order trigger process in the replenishment cycle. 在补货周期顺序触发过程。
E) none of the above 以上都不是
29) The procurement cycle occurs at the 采购周期发生在
A) customer/retailer interface. 客户/零售商接口
B) retailer/distributor interface.零售商/经销商接口
C) distributor/manufacturer interface.分销商/制造商接口
D) manufacturer/supplier interface.制造商/供应商接口
E) none of the above 以上都不是
30) The relationship between the manufacturer and supplier during the procurement cycle is very similar to the relationship between采购周期期间的制造商，供应商之间的关系与__关系非常相似
A) customer and retailer.客户和零售商
B) retailer and distributor.零售商和分销商
C) distributor and manufacturer.分销商和制造商
D) manufacturer and customer.制造商和客户
31) The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operational decisions, because
供应链的循环观点是有用的当考虑到经营决策时，因为
A) it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.它归类基于它们是否发起响应在客户订单预期。
B) it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supply chain.
它指定了供应链中每个成员的角色和职责
C) processes are identified as either reactive or speculative.进程标识作为无功或投机。
D) it focuses on processes that are external to the firm.它侧重于外部的企业流程
E) it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm. 它侧重于内部的企业流程
32) The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategic decisions relating to supply chain design, because
供应链的推/拉视图非常有用当考虑有关供应链设计时，因为
A) it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.它归类基于它们是否发起响应在客户订单预期。
B) it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supply chain.
它指定了供应链中每个成员的角色和职责
C) it clearly defines the processes involved and the owners of each process.
它清楚地定义了所涉及的过程和每个进程的所有者。
D) it focuses on processes that are external to the firm. 它侧重于外部的企业流程
E) it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm. 它侧重于内部的企业流程
33)Which of the following statements about pull processes is accurate?
下列关于拉进程的陈述哪个准确？
A) May also be referred to as speculative processes. 可能也被称为投机的过程。
B) Execution is initiated in anticipation of customer orders.从预期的客户订单开始执行。
C) At the time of execution, demand must be forecast. 在执行时必须预测需求
D) May also be referred to as reactive processes. 可能也被称为无功的过程。
E) None of the above are accurate. 以上都不准确
34)Which of the following is not an accurate statement about pull processes?
下列关于拉进程的陈述哪个不准确？
A) May also be referred to as speculative processes.可能也被称为投机的过程
B) Execution is initiated in response to a customer order.执行于客户订单开始时响应
C) At the time of execution, demand is known with certainty.在执行时，需求量确定已知
D) May also be referred to as reactive processes.可能也被称为无功的过程。
E) All of the above are accurate. 以上都准确
35) Which of the following statements about push processes is accurate?
下列关于推进程的陈述哪个准确？
A) May also be referred to as speculative processes.可能也被称为投机的过程。
B) Execution is initiated in response to customer orders. 从预期的客户订单开始执行。
C) At the time of execution, demand is known with certainty. 在执行时必须预测需求
D) May also be referred to as reactive processes.可能也被称为无功的过程。
E) None of the above are accurate. 以上都不准确
36) Which of the following is not an accurate statement about push processes?
下列关于推进程的陈述哪个不准确？
A) May also be referred to as speculative processes. 可能也被称为投机的过程。
B) Execution is initiated in anticipation of customer orders.从预期的客户订单开始执行
C) At the time of execution, demand must be forecast. 在执行时必须预测需求
D) May also be referred to as reactive processes. 可能也被称为无功的过程。
E) All of the above are accurate. 以上都准确
37) Supply chain macro processes include which of the following?
供应链宏观流程包括下列哪一项?
A) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) 客户关系管理(CRM)
B) Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM) 内部供应链管理(ISCM)
C) Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) 供应商关系管理(SRM)
D) all of the above 以上都是
E) none of the above 以上都不是
38) Supply chain macro processes include which of the following?
供应链宏观流程包括下列哪一项?
A) Internal Relationship Management (IRM) 内部关系管理(IRM)
B) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) 客户关系管理(CRM)
C) External Relationship Management (ERM) 外部关系管理(ERM)
D) Supply Chain Relationship Management (SCRM) 供应链关系管理
E) none of the above 以上都不是
39) Supply chain macro processes include which of the following?
供应链宏观流程包括下列哪一项?
A) Internal Relationship Management (IRM) 内部关系管理(IRM)
B) External Relationship Management (ERM) 外部关系管理(ERM)
C) Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)供应商关系管理(SRM)
D) Supply Chain Relationship Management (SCRM) 供应链关系管理
E) none of the above 以上都不是
40) Activities involved in the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) macro process include
客户关系管理(CRM) 宏观过程中涉及的活动包括？
A) planning of internal production and storage. 规划的内部生产和存储
B) order fulfillment. 订单履行
C) marketing. 营销
D) supply planning. 供应规划
E) demand planning. 需求计划
41) Activities involved in the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) macro process include all of the following except
客户关系管理(CRM) 宏观过程中涉及的活动不包括？
A) marketing.营销
B) sales. 销售
C) order management. 订单管理
D) call center management. 呼叫中心管理
E) All of the above are activities of CRM. 以上都是CRM 活动
42) Activities involved in the Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM) macro process include 内部供应链管理(ISCM) 宏观过程中涉及的活动包括？
A) marketing.营销
B) order fulfillment.订单履行
C) sales. 销售
D) order management. 订单管理
E) call center management. 呼叫中心管理
43) Activities involved in the Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM) macro process include all of the following except
内部供应链管理(ISCM) 宏观过程中涉及的活动不包括？
A) planning of internal production and storage. 规划的内部生产和存储
B) order fulfillment. 订单履行
C) supply planning. 供应计划
D) order management. 订单管理
44) Activities involved in the Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) macro process include
供应商关系管理(SRM) 宏观过程中涉及的活动包括？
A) planning of internal production and storage. 规划的内部生产和存储
B) order fulfillment.订单履行
C) supplier evaluation and selection. 供应商评价与选择
D) order management.订单管理
45) Activities involved in the Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) macro process include all of the following except
供应商关系管理(SRM) 宏观过程中涉及的活动不包括？
A) negotiation of supply terms.供应方面的谈判
B) design collaboration. 设计协作
C) demand planning. 需求计划
D) supplier evaluation and selection.供应商评价与选择
E) supply collaboration.供应合作
46) The phenomenal success of 7-Eleven Japan is attributed to
日本7-11 的骄人成就归因于？
A) being in the right place at the right time.在正确的时间出现在正确的地方。
B) its supply chain design and management ability.其供应链设计与管理能力。
C) having 9000 locations.有9000个位置
D) serving fresh food. 供应新鲜食物
E) none of the above 以上都不是
47) A key issue facing Toyota is
丰田面临的一个关键问题是
A) developing an internet marketing system.发展网络营销系统
B) whether to specialize in a particular market. 是否要专攻某一特定市场。
C) design of its global production and distribution network. 其全球的生产和分销网络的设计。
D) how to implement model changes. 如何实现模型更改
E) all of the above 以上都是
48) When a customer purchases a book online from a company such as Amazon, which of the following is NOT part of the typical supply chain operations?
当客户从在线公司购买图书如亚马逊，下面哪项不是典型的供应链运作的一部分?
A) The customer 顾客
B) Amazon's web site 亚马逊的网站
C) Amazon's book supplier 亚马逊的图书供应商
D) Amazon's accounting department 亚马逊的会计部门
49) A supply chain has many stages. It would NOT typically involve this stage.
供应链有许多阶段。它通常不包括这一阶段
A) Customer's trip to retailer 客户前往零售商处
B) Retailers 零售商
C) Manufacturers 制造商
D) Raw materials suppliers 原材料供应商
50) Each stage in a supply chain is connected through the flow of products, information, and funds. These flows often occur in both directions and is usually managed by
供应链的每个阶段通过产品、信息和资金的流动连接。这些流动往往发生在两个方向通常由谁管理
A) pricing department. 价格主管部门
B) one of the stages. 某一阶段
C) upper management.高层管理人员
D) engineering department. 工程部
51) Supply chain surplus involves what two parts? 供应链盈余涉及哪两个部分？
A) Manufacturing cost and selling price 制造成本和销售价格
B) Customer value and supply chain cost 顾客价值与供应链成本
C) Customer value and high quality products 顾客价值和高品质的产品
D) Reliable transportation and supply chain cost可靠的运输和供应链成本
52) For any supply chain, the source of revenue is generated by
对于任何供应链中，产生的收入的来源为
A) efficient operations.高效运营
B) information flows. 信息流
C) the customer. 客户
D) product flows. 产品流
53) Webvan designed a supply chain with large warehouses in several major cities in the United States, from which groceries were delivered to customer homes. They failed partly because of Webvan美国的几个主要城市设有大型仓库供应链，将货物交付到客户的家中。他们失败的部分原因是
A) low demand for their service. 他们服务的需求量低
B) slow inventory turnover compared to industry averages.存货周转率低相比行业平均值
C) higher labor costs for picking orders.领料订单的劳动力成本上升
D) poor quality products.产品质量差
54) Successful supply chain management requires many decisions relating to the flow of information, product, and funds. These decisions fall into three categories or phases. Which of the following is NOT one of these categories?
成功的供应链管理需要做许多关系到信息、产品和资金流的决定。这些决定可分为三个类别或阶段。下列哪一项不是这些类别之一?
A) Supply Chain Operation 供应链运营
B) Supply Chain Planning 供应链计划
C) Supply Chain Strategy and Design 供应链战略与设计
D) Supply Chain Alliances 供应链联盟
1)The major drivers of supply chain performance are customers, facilities, inventory, transportation, and information.供应链绩效的主要驱动因素是客户、设施、库存、运输和信息。Answer: FALSE
2) The two major types of facilities are production sites and storage sites.两种主要类型的设施是生产站点和存储站点。Answer: TRUE
3) Inventory is an important supply chain driver because changing inventory policies can dramatically alter the supply chain's efficiency and responsiveness.库存是一个重要的供应链
驱动程序，因为改变库存政策可以极大地改变供应链的效率和响应能力。Answer: TRUE
4) Information is potentially the biggest driver of performance in the supply chain as it directly affects each of the other drivers.信息是潜在的供应链绩效的最大驱动力，因为它直接影响
到其他每个驱动程序Answer: TRUE
5) A facility with little excess capacity will likely be no more or less efficient per unit of product it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity. 产能过剩少的设施可能会不多不少的生产单位产品相比具有许多未使用容量的设施来说。Answer: FALSE
6) The high utilization facility will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuations. TRUE
7) Stock keeping unit (SKU) storage is the warehousing methodology that uses a traditional warehouse to store all of one type of product together. 高利用设施会有响应需求波动的困难。TRUE 7) 股票保管单位(SKU) 贮存是仓储的方法，使用传统的仓库来存储所有的同一种类型的产品。Answer: TRUE
8) Warehouse unit storage is the warehousing methodology that uses a traditional warehouse to store all of one type of product together.仓库单位存储是使用传统的仓库来存储所有同一种类产品的仓储方法。Answer: FALSE
9) The components of inventory decisions include capacity, cycle inventory, safety inventory, seasonal inventory, and sourcing.库存决策的组件包括容量、循环盘存、安全库存、季节性库存和采购周期。Answer: FALSE
10) Cycle inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability in demand.
循环库存是建立以抵消需求预测变化的库存。Answer: FALSE
11) Seasonal inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability in demand.
季节性库存是建立以抵消需求预测变化的库存。Answer: TRUE
12) Companies using seasonal inventory will build up inventory in periods of low demand and store it for periods of high demand when they will not have the capacity to produce all that is demanded.公司使用季节性库存将在低需求时期建立库存，并将其存储为需求高峰期时他们不具备生产所有需求时所用。Answer: TRUE
13) Companies using seasonal inventory will maintain a level inventory increase rate of production for periods of high demand.公司采用季节性库存为维持生产水平库存增加速度在高需求的时期。Answer: FALSE
14) A company's ability to find a balance between responsiveness and efficiency that best matches the needs of the customer it is targeting is the key to achieving strategic fit.一家公司能够在响应能力和与它的目标客户的需求最匹配的效率之间找到一个平衡点是实现目标的关键战略契合。
Answer: TRUE
1)Which of the following is not a major driver of supply chain performance?
下列哪一项不是供应链绩效的主要驱动力？
A) Facilities 设备
B) Inventory 库存
C) Transportation 运输
D) Information 信息
E) All of the above are major drivers of supply chain performance.以上都是供应链绩效的主要驱动力
2) Which of the following is not a major driver of supply chain performance?
下列哪一项不是供应链绩效的主要驱动力？
A) Customers 客户
B) Facilities 设备
C) Inventory 库存
D) Transportation 运输
E) Information 信息
3) The places in the supply chain network where product is stored, assembled, or fabricated are known as 在供应链网络产品是存储、组装，或制造的地方被称为
A) facilities. 设备
B) inventory. 库存
C) transportation. 运输
D) information.信息
E) customers.客户
4) All raw materials, work in process, and finished goods within a supply chain are known as
供应链中的所有原材料，在制品和产成品被称为
A) facilities. 设备
B) inventory. 库存
C) transportation. 运输
D) information.信息
E) customers. 客户
5)Moving inventory from point to point in the supply is known as
依据供应库存从一个点到另一个点被称为
A) facilities. 设备
B) inventory. 库存
C) transportation. 运输
D) information. 信息
E) customers. 客户
6)The data and analysis concerning facilities, inventory, transportation, and customers
throughout the supply chain is known as
关于设备，库存，运输，客户在整个供应链的数据和分析被称为
A) facilities. 设备
B) inventory. 库存
C) transportation. 运输
D) information. 信息
E) customers. 客户
7) The two major types of facilities are 两种主要类型的设施是
A) distribution sites and storage sites. 销售点和储存地点
B) production sites and distribution sites.生产基地及配送站点
C) production sites and storage sites. 生产基地和储存地点
D) retail sites and distribution sites. 零售网站和配送站点
E) distribution sites and inventory sites. 配送站点和库存网站
8) Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would be established first? 供应链决策框架的组件将首先确定？
A) Customer strategy 客户战略
B) Supply chain strategy 供应链战略
C) Supply chain structure 供应链结构
D) Competitive strategy 竞争战略
E) Replenishment strategy 补货策略
9) Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would be established second? 供应链决策框架的组件第二个将确定？
A) Customer strategy 客户战略
B) Supply chain strategy 供应链战略
C) Supply chain structure 供应链结构
D) Competitive strategy 竞争战略
E) Replenishment strategy 补货策略
10) Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would be used to reach the performance level dictated by the supply chain strategy?供应链决策框架哪个组件将用于到达由供应链战略的绩效水平？
A) Customer strategy 客户战略
B) Supply chain strategy 供应链战略
C) Supply chain structure 供应链结构
D) Competitive strategy 竞争战略
E) Replenishment strategy 补货策略
11) Which of the following is not a component of facilities decisions?
下列哪一项不是设施决定的一个组成部分
A) Warehousing methodology 仓储方法
B) Forecasting methodology 预测方法
C) Operations methodology 操作方法
D) Capacity 容量
E) Location 位置
12) Which of the following statements concerning decisions regarding location of facilities is false?下列关于有关设施的位置决定的陈述哪个是错误的?
A) Deciding where a company will locate its facilities constitutes a large part of the design of a supply chain.决定一家公司将在哪里定位其设施构成是供应链设计很大一部分。
B) A basic trade-off here is whether to centralize to gain economies of scale or decentralize to become more responsive by being closer to the customer. 一个基本的权衡是是否集中来获得规模经济或分散变得更接近客户。
C) Companies must also consider a host of issues related to the various characteristics of the local area in which the facility may be situated.公司还必须考虑主机与局域网可能与所有设施的各种特性有关的问题。
D) All of these statements are true.这些语句都为真。
E) None of these statements are true. 这些语句没有真的。
13) Which of the following is not an issue companies need to consider in facility location decisions?下列哪一项不是发行公司需要在设施选址决策中考虑的?
A) Quality of workers 工人的素质
B) Product development 产品开发
C) Proximity to customers and the rest of the network 接近客户和网络的其余部分
D) Cost of facility 设施成本
E) Tax effects 所得税影响
14) Which of the following is not an issue companies need to consider in facility location decisions? 下列哪一项不是发行公司需要在设施选址决策中考虑的?
A) Quality of workers 工人的素质
B) Availability of infrastructure 可用性基础设施
C) Proximity to customers and the rest of the network 接近客户和网络的其余部分
D) Cost of facility 设施成本
E) All of the above are issues companies need to consider in facility location decisions.
以上都是发行公司需要在设施选址中考虑的
15) Excess capacity 产能过剩
A) allows a facility to be very flexible and to respond to wide swings in the demands placed on it.允许一种设施非常灵活，并响应它提出的有较大起伏得要求。
B) costs money and therefore can decrease efficiency. 需要钱，因此可以降低效率。
C) requires proximity to customers and the rest of the network. 需要接近客户和网络的其余部
分。
D) both A and B A和B都对
E) all of the above 以上都对
16) Which of the following is a characteristic of a facility with excess capacity?
下列哪一项是一种设施产能过剩的特征?
A) Will likely be more efficient per unit of product it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity 可能它单位生产的产品比一个具有大量的未使用容量的设施更有效率B) Would be very flexible and respond to wide swings in the demands placed on it 将会非常灵活，并响应它提出的有较大起伏得要求。
C) Would be considered a high utilization facility 会考虑使用高利用率的设施
D) Will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuations将难以应对需求波动
E) none of the above 以上都不是
17) A facility with little excess capacity 产能过剩少的一种设施
A) will likely be more efficient per unit of product it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity.可能它单位生产的产品比一个具有大量的未使用容量的设施更有效率
B) would be considered a high utilization facility. 会考虑使用高利用率的设施
C) will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuations. 将难以应对需求波动
D) All of the above are true. 以上都为真
E) None of the above are true. 以上都不为真
18) Which of the following would be a characteristic of a facility with little excess capacity?
以下哪项是产能过剩少的设施的特点呢？
A) Allows a facility to be very flexible and to respond to wide swings in the demands placed on it 允许一种设施非常灵活，并响应它提出的有较大起伏得要求。
B) Costs money and therefore can decrease efficiency 需要钱，因此可以降低效率
C) Requires proximity to customers and the rest of the network 需要接近客户和网络的其余部分。
D) Will likely be more efficient per unit of product it produces 可能每单位产品生产效率更高
E) none of the above 以上都不是
19) Which of the following is not a warehousing methodology? 下列哪一项不是仓储方法?
A) Warehouse unit storage 仓库储存单位
B) Stock keeping unit (SKU) storage 库存单位（SKU）的存储
C) Job lot storage 作业批量存储
D) Cross-docking 交叉对接3
E) All of the above are warehousing methodologies. 以上都是仓储方法
20) The warehousing methodology that uses a traditional warehouse to store all of one type of product together is 使用传统的仓库来存储所有同一类产品的仓储方法是
A) warehouse unit storage. 仓库储存单位
B) stock keeping unit (SKU) storage. 库存单位（SKU）的存储
C) job lot storage.作业批量存储
D) cross-docking. 交叉对接
E) none of the above 以上都不是
21) The warehousing methodology in which all the different types of products needed to perform
a particular jo
b or satisfy a particular type of customer are stored together is
所有不同类型的产品需要执行某项工作或满足特定类型客户存储工作的仓储方法是
A) warehouse unit storage. 仓库的单位存储
B) stock keeping unit (SKU) storage.库存单位（SKU）存储
C) job lot storage. 作业批量存储
D) cross-docking. 交叉对接
E) none of the above 以上都不是
22) The following warehousing methodology is one in which goods are not actually warehoused in a facility. Instead, trucks from suppliers, each carrying a different type of product, deliver goods to a facility. There the inventory is broken into smaller lots and quickly loaded onto
store-bound trucks that carry a variety of products, some from each of the supplier trucks.
以下仓储方法是货物不实际入库在设施中。相反，来卡车从供应商各持不同类型的产品送货到设施。那里库存被分解为小批量迅速地装上携带各种各样的产品，部分来自每个供应商的卡车。
A) Warehouse unit storage 仓库的单位存储
B) Stock keeping unit (SKU) storage 库存单位（SKU）存储
C) Job lot storage 作业批量存储
D) Cross-docking 交叉对接
E) none of the above 以上都不是
23) All of the following are components of inventory decisions except
以下所有都是除库存决策组件除了
A) cycle inventory. 周期存货
B) safety inventory. 安全库存
C) seasonal inventory. 季节性库存
D) sourcing. 采购
E) All of the above are components of inventory decisions. 以上都是库存决策组件
24) All of the following are components of inventory decisions except
以下所有都是除库存决策组件除了
A) capacity. 容量
B) cycle inventory. 周期存货
C) safety inventory. 安全库存
D) seasonal inventory. 季节性库存
E) sourcing. 采购
25) The average amount of inventory used to satisfy demand between receipt of supplier shipments is referred to as 用于满足收到供应商的出货需求之间的库存量被称为
A) cycle inventory. 周期存货
综合英语(一)课文及翻译
Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control! 译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢？控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。 Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。 Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.
传统民俗节目英文翻译
民俗文艺节目翻译 一、民俗表演《龙狮舞》 Dragon and Lion Dance 表演单位：元潭乡“女子龙狮舞”传习所 Performed by: “Female Dragon and Lion Dance Institute” of Yuantan township 龙、狮——是中华民族文化图腾，“舞龙、耍狮”以最具东方民族文化特色跻身世界民族文化瑰宝。在我们巴山人的生活中，每逢重大节庆，人们都会舞龙、舞狮，表达喜悦的心情和美好的愿望。 Dragon and lion——the totem of the Chinese national culture. The most oriental ethnic Dragon Dance and Lion Dance are the gems of the world culcure.In our life in Bashan Mountain,people joyfully play Dragon and Lion Dance to express their happiness and good wishes especially on important festivals. 二、民俗表演《巴山出嫁》 Bashan Marriage 表演单位：光雾山文艺中心 Performed by: GuangWu Mountain Literature and Arts Center. 大巴山的传统婚礼习俗中的对歌、抬花轿、拜堂、成亲等场景，有游戏、表演、逗趣等，展现出大巴山人对美好生活的向往和对婚姻家庭的美好祝愿。 Traditional Bashan Weddings are always filled with interesting scenes：Antiphonal，Sedan chair lift，the Bows and so on.Games and funny performances at the wedding are aspirations for happy marriage and better life.
中英文翻译知识分享
中英文翻译
Fuzzy Logic Based Autonomous Skid Steering Vehicle Navigation L.Doitsidis,K.P.Valavanis,N.C.Tsourveloudis Technical University of Crete Department of Production Engineering and Management Chania,Crete,Greece GR-73100 {Idoitsidis ,kimonv,nikost}@dpem.tuc.gr Abstract-A two-layer fuzzy logic controller has been designed for 2-D autonomous Navigation of a skid steering vehicle in an obstacle filled environment. The first layer of the Fuzzy controller provides a model for multiple sonar sensor input fusion and it is composed of four individual controllers, each calculating a collision possibility in front, back, left and right directions of movement. The second layer consists of the main controller that performs real-time collision avoidance while calculating the updated course to be applicability and implementation is demonstrated through experimental results and case studies performed o a real mobile robot. Keywords - Skid steering, mobile robots, fuzzy navigation. Ⅰ .INTRODUCTION The exist several proposed solutions to the problem of autonomous mobile robot navigation in 2-D uncertain environments that are based on fuzzy logic[1],[2],evolutionary algorithms [3],as well as methods combining fuzzy logic with genetic algorithms[4] and fuzzy logic with electrostatic potential fields[5]. The paper is the outgrowth of recently published results [9],[10],but it studies 2-D environments navigation and collision avoidance of a skid steering vehicle. Skid steering vehicles are compact, light, require few parts to assemble and exhibit agility from point turning to line driving using only the motions, components, and swept volume needed for straight line driving. Skid steering vehicle motion differs from explicit steering vehicle motion in the way the skid steering vehicle turns. The wheels rotation is limited around one axis and the back of steering wheel results in navigation determined by the speed change in either side of the skid steering vehicle. Same speed in either side results in a straight-line motion. Explicit steering vehicles turn differently since the wheels are moving around two axes. The geometric configuration of a skid steering vehicle in the X-Y plane is shown in Fig1，while a t is the heading angle, W is the robot width, θ the sense of rotation and S1, S2 are the speeds in the either side of the robot. The derived and implemented planner a two-layer fuzzy logic based controller that provides purely” reactive behavior” of the vehicle moving in a 2-D obstacle filled
英语原文及其翻译
Exploring Filipino School Counselors’ Beliefs about Learning Allan B. I. Bernardo [Abstract] School reform efforts that focus on student learning require school counselors to take on important new roles as advocates of student learning and achievement.But how do school counselors understand the process of learning? In this study, we explore the learning beliefs of 115 Filipino school counselors who indicated their degree of agreementwith 42 statements about the process of learning and the factors thatinfluence this process.A principal components analysis of the responses to the 42 statements suggested three factors:(F1)social-cognitive constructivist beliefs, (F2) teacher-curriculum-centered behaviorist beliefs,and (F3) individual difference factors.The preliminary results are briefly discussed in terms of issues related to how Filipino school counselors’ conceptions of learning may guide their strategies for promoting student learning and achievement. [Key words]beliefs about learning, conceptions of learning, school counselors, student learning, Philippines School reform efforts in different parts of the world have focusedon students’learning. In particular,most school improvement programsnow aim to ensure that students acquire the high-level knowledge and skills that help them to thrive in today’s highly competitive globaleconomy (e.g., Lee & Williams, 2006). I n this regard, school reform programs draw from various contemporary theories and research on learning (e.g.,Bransford,Brown, & Cocking, 1999; Lambert & McCombs, 1998).The basic idea is that all school improvement efforts should be directed at ensuring students achieve high levels of learning or attainment of well-defined curricular objectives and standards.For example, textbooks (Chien & Young, 2007), computers and educational technology (Gravoso, 2002; Haertnel & Means, 2003;Technology in Schools Task Force, 2003), and educational assessment systems (Black & Wiliam2004; Cheung & Ng, 2007; Clark, 2001; Stiggins, 2005) are being reconsidered as regards how they can effectively provide scaffolds and resources for advancing student learning. Likewise,the allocation and management of a school’s financial resources are assessed in terms ofwhether these are effectively mobilized and utilized towards improving student learning (Bolam, 2006; Chung & Hung, 2006; Retna, 2007). In this regard, some advocates have also called for an examination of the role of school counselors in these reform efforts (Herr, 2002). Inthe United States, House and Hayes (2002) challenged school counselors to take proactive leadership roles in advocating for the success of all
节目及节目种类名称(英文)讲课讲稿
节目及节目种类名称 (英文)
节目名称（英文） 今日说法Legal Report 道德观察Ethical Review 新闻调查News Probe 实话实说Tell it like it is 共同关注Eyes on 大家Great Masters 科技博览Science Review 科技苑Science and Technology 走近科学 Approaching Science 全球资讯榜Newslist 文化访谈录Culture Interview 探索发现Exploring 新闻30分 News 30 Min 百家讲坛Lecture Room 挑战主持人Challenge Anchor 名将之约Winner’s Circle 让世界了解你Meet China 中国电影报道China Movie Repor(拼写错误) 今日影视Movie Today 世界电影之旅World Film Report
世界影视博览World Cinema 影视同期声Movie & TV Express 周日影院Sunday Movie Zone 佳片有约 the Best 天天饮食I can cook so do you 搜寻天下Exploring High & Low 乡村大世界the World of Country 子午书简Diary Read Speedy Digest 当代工人contemporary labourer 讲述Story 人物People 影响100 Influence 100 健康之路Meet on the Road of Health 焦点访谈 Topics in Focus 新闻调查 News Probe 新闻30分 News in 30 Minutes 东方时空 Oriental Horizon 社会经纬 Net of Justice 夕阳红 Sunset Glow 商业电视 Business TV 市场热线 Market Hotline 世界经济报道 World Economic Report
中英文翻译英文原文
BPMN 2.0 Introduction to the Standard for Business Process Modeling By Thomas Allweyer 2.1 A First BPMN Model As a starting point, a simple BPMN process model is considered. The model of posting a job in figure 1 can be directly understood by most people who previously have been concerned with any kind of process modeling. The way of modeling is similar to well known flow charts and activity diagrams. Figure 1: A simple BPMN model A business department and the human resources department are involved in the process “Post a Job”. The process starts when an employee is required. The business department reports this job opening. Then the human resources department writes a job posting. The business department reviews this job posting. At this point, there are two possibilities: Either the job posting is okay, or it is not okay. If it is not okay, it is reworked by the human resources department. This is once more followed by the business department reviewing the job posting. Again, the result can be okay or not okay. Thus, it can happen that the job posting needs to be reviewed multiple times. If it is okay, it is published by the human resources department, and the end of the process is reached. In reality, the process for creating and publishing a job posting can be much more complex and extensive. The presented example is –like all examples in this book –a simplification in order to have small and easily understandable models which can be used for explaining the different BPMN elements. 2.2 BPMN Constructs Used Below each element from the model in figure 1 is explained more closely. The entire process is contained in a pool. This is a general kind of container for a complete process. In the example above, the pool is labeled with the name of the contained process. Every process is situated within a pool. If the pool is not important for understanding the process, it is not required to draw it in the diagram. In a process diagram which does not show a pool, the entire process is contained in an invisible, implicit pool. Pools are especially interesting when several pools are used in order to model a collaboration, i.e. the interplay of several partners’processes. Each partner’s process is then shown in a separate pool. This will be described in chapter 5. The pool from figure 1 is partitioned into two lanes. A lane can be used for various purposes,
英文翻译(原文)
GRA VITY RETAINING?WALL 1. INTRODUCTION Retaining walls are structures used to provide stability for earth or other material where conditions disallow the mass to assume its natural slope, and are commonly used to hold back or support soilbanks,coal or ore piles, and water. Retaining walls are classified, based on the method of achieving stability, into six principal types (Fig.1). The gravity-wall depends upon its weight, as the name implies, for stability. The cantilever wall is a reinforced-concrete wall that utilizes cantilever action to retain the mass behind the wall from assuming a natural slope. Stability of this wall is partially achieved from the weight of soil on the heel portion of the base slab. A counterfort retaining wall is similar to a cantilever retaining wall, except that it is used where the cantilever is long or for very high pressures behind wall and has counterforts, which tie the wall and base together, built at intervals along the wall to reduce the bending moments and sheers. As indicated in Fig.1c, the counterfort is behind the wall and subjected to tensile forces. A buttressed retaining wall is similar to a counterfort wall, except that the bracing is in front of the wall and is in compression instead of tension. Two other types of walls not considered further are crib walls, which are built-up members of pieces of precast concrete, metal, or timber and are supported by anchor pieces embedded in the soil for stability, and semigravity walls, which are walls intermediate between a true gravity and a cantilever wall. (a)(b)(e)
英语原文及翻译
高速视频处理系统中的信号完整性分析 摘要：结合高速DSP图像处理系统讨论了高速数字电路中的信号完整性问题，分析了系统中信号反射、串扰、地弹等现象破坏信号完整性的原因，通过先进IS工具的辅助设计，找出了确保系统信号完整性的具体方法。 关键词：高速电路设计信号完整性 DSP系统 深亚微米工艺在IC设计中的使用使得芯片的集成规模更大、体积越来越小、引脚数越来越多；由于近年来IC工艺的发展，使得其速度越来越高。从而，使得信号完整性问题引起电子设计者广泛关注。 在视频处理系统中，多维并行输入输出信号的频率一般都在百兆赫兹以上，而且对时序的要求也非常严格。本文以DSP图像处理系统为背景，对信号完整性进行准确的理论分析，对信号完整性涉及的典型问题[1]——不确定状态、传输线效应、反射、串扰、地弹等进行深入研究，并且从实际系统入手，利用IS仿真软件寻找有效的途径，解决系统的信号完整性问题。 1 系统简介 为了提高算法效率，实时处理图像信息，本图像处理系统是基于DSP+FPGA结构设计的。系统由SAA7111A视频解码器、TI公司的TMS320C6701 DSP、Altera公司的EPlK50QC208 FPGA、PCI9054 PCI接口控制器以及SBRAM、SDRAM、FIFO、FLASH等构成。FPGA是整个系统的时序控制中心和数据交换的桥梁，而且能够对图像数据实现快速底层处理。DSP是整个系统实时处理高级算法的核心器件。系统结构框图如图1所示。 在整个系统中，PCB电路板的面积仅为15cm×l5cm，系统时钟频率高达167MHz，时钟沿时间为0．6ns。由于系统具有快斜率瞬变和极高的工作频率以及很大的电路密度，使得如何处理高速信号问题成为一个制约设计成功的关键因素。 2 系统中信号完整性问题及解决方案 2．1 信号完整性问题产生机理 信号的完整性是指信号通过物理电路传输后，信号接收端看到的波形与信号发送端发送的波形在容许的误差范围内保持一致，并且空间邻近的传输信号间的相互影响也在容许的范围之内。因此，信号完整性分析的主要目标是保证高速数字信号可靠的传输。实际信号总是存在电压的波动，如图2所示。在A、B两点由于过冲和振铃[2]的存在使信号振幅落入阴影部分的不确定区，可能会导致错误的逻辑电平发生。总线信号传输的情况更加复杂，任何一个信号发生相位上的超前或滞后都可能使总线上数据出错，如图3所示。图中，CLK为时钟信号，D0、D1、D2、D3是数据总线上的信号，系统允许信号最大的建立时间[1]为△t。在正常情况下，D0、D1、D2、D3信号建立时间△t1<△t，在△t时刻之后数据总线的数据已稳定，系统可以从总线上采样到正确的数据，如图3(a)所示。相反，当信号D1、D2、D3受过冲和振铃等信号完整问题干扰时，总线信号就发生
英语阅读理解带翻译：电视节目
英语阅读理解带翻译：电视节目 Television gives the American people a wide variety of programs from early morning until late at night. Operas, orchestral performances, chamber music and jazz concerts are often presented on television. So most of the leisure at home is used for watching television. Many Americans are so fond of their TV programs that they often have cold luncheon in front of their receiving sets. Television has given people newer and deeper understanding of history, art, music, literature, the ballet, the theater, the discoveries of modern science and the wonders of the universe. Television viewers pay no tax or charges for receiving programs on their sets. The cost of the programs is paid chiefly by those who are given the opportunity to advertise their goods or services during the commercial breaks. 美国人从清晨直到深夜都能看到形形色色的电视节目。电视屏幕 上经常播放歌剧、管弦乐、室内音乐和爵士音乐演奏。所以家庭中绝 大部分空闲时间都花在看电视上。很多美国人酷爱电视节目，经常在 电视机前边看电视边吃冷餐。电视使人们对历史、艺术、音乐、文学、舞剧、戏剧、现代科学的新发现和宇宙的奥妙有较新和较深切的了解。电视观众看电视节目既不用缴税，也不必付款，节目费用主要是由那 些借此为其商品和服务做插播广告的人支付的。
中英文翻译(修改)
建筑结构在冲击负载作用下连续倒塌分析方法 摘要：建筑物在冲击负载作用下的连续倒塌已经引起了全世界的极大关注。对于一个经济的，安全的，能够抵抗冲击负载作用下连续倒塌的建筑结构设计，连续倒塌分析是必不可少的。因为连续倒塌的灾难性特点，和为了抵抗它而潜在的建造和改造建筑物的高额费用，所以连续倒塌分析方法是绝对必要且可信的。对于工程师们而言，他们估算连续倒塌的方法不仅仅要求精确和简要，而且容易上手，立竿见影。因而，最近许多研究者都在发展可靠有效和直接的连续倒塌分析方法上花费了很多的精力。在最近的干物上，当前在文献资料中找得到的关于连续倒塌的分析方法被重新审阅。人们广泛讨论它们的适宜性、适用性和可靠性。我们也提出了最近刚刚完成的关于钢筋混凝土框架在爆破荷载下的连续倒塌新分析方法。 关键词：连续倒塌分析；建筑结构；爆炸荷载；冲击荷载 连续倒塌被定义为“由于一个基本的局部构件失效在构件之间扩散最终造成整个结构或者是不成比例的一大部分倒塌”。其含义为一个或者一组关键承重构件的失效造成周围构件的失效和部分或者是整个结构的倒塌。建筑结构的连续倒塌可能由一系列的意外和人为的因素造成，比如：错误的建造顺序，偶然过载造成的局部失效，爆炸和地震造成的关键组件的损坏。这篇论文仅仅研究了特殊荷载（如：爆炸和冲击），造成的建筑结构连续倒塌的分析。 随着最近Alfred P．Murrah联邦大楼和世界贸易中心（WTC）的倒塌，许多的研究更多的关注如何建造抵抗由于爆炸和冲击荷载造成连续倒塌的建筑。对于一个经济的，安全的，能够抵抗冲击负载作用下连续倒塌的建筑结构设计，连续倒塌分析是必不可少的。因为连续倒塌的灾难性特点，和为了抵抗它而潜在的建造和改造建筑物的高额费用，所以连续倒塌分析方法是绝对必要且可信的。对于工程师们而言，他们估算连续倒塌的方法不仅仅要求精确和简要，而且容易上手，立竿见影。因而，最近许多研究者都在发展可靠有效和直接的连续倒塌分析方法上花费了很多的精力。
科普版英语六年级下册课文及翻译 (直接打印版)
Lesson 1 I’m not feeling well. Let’s talk （M=Mom, T= Tom） M: What,'s the matter, Tom T: I'm not feeling well, Mom M: Do you have a cold T: Yes, I think so. Could you give me some water, please M: Here you are. T: Thank you, Mom. M: Tom, you must go and see a doctor. T: OK, Mom. M: It's cold outside. You must wear your coat. T: OK, Mom. Could you pass me my coat,please M: Here you are. T: Thank you, Mom M: Tell me your teacher's number. I'll call him and tell him you are sick. T: OK. Here it is. 译文 (M=妈妈,T=汤姆) 妈妈:怎么了,汤姆 汤姆:我感觉不舒服,妈妈。 妈妈:你感冒了吗 汤姆:是的,我想是这样的。您能给我一些水吗 妈妈:给你。 汤姆:谢谢您,妈妈。 妈妈:汤姆,你必须去看医生. 汤姆:好的,妈妈。 妈妈:外面很冷。你必须穿你的外套。 汤姆:好的,妈妈。您能把我的外套递给我吗 妈妈:给你。 汤姆:谢谢您,妈妈。 妈妈:告诉我你老师的电话号码。我将给他打电话告诉他你生病了。
央视节目英文翻译
栏目名和书名、文章标题一样，是画龙点睛之笔，其翻译应遵循以下原则：1.能够反映本栏目的中心内容，突出主题。2.译名必须简洁，明白易懂，朗朗上口。 3.不用句子结构，即主谓宾或主系表结构。 4.不能望文生义。如《东方时空》译为Oriental Horizon。horizon的意思是地平线,即"向水平方向望去,天与地相交接的线"，以此作为栏目名意境深远,给人想象的空间。如果译为Eastern Tim e and Space，就失去其深邃的意义了。又如社会经纬是中央电视台最早的一个法制节目，目的是向观众普及法律知识，增强观众的法律意识，弘扬司法公正。"社会经纬"字面上并没有法律，如直译成英文，会显得莫名其妙。但如果译成N et of Justice，就会使人由法律想到公正，由经纬想到天网恢恢。再如《夕阳红》译为Sunset Glow，比较贴切，又富有诗意。因为glow的意思"throw out light and heat without flame"(The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Curren t English,p.502)。下面，笔者把收集到的栏目名称英译与大家分享： 焦点访谈 Topics in Focus 新闻调查 News Probe 新闻30分 News in 30 Minutes 商业电视 Business TV 市场热线 Market Hotline 世界经济报道 World Economic Report 股市分析 Stock Market Analysis 足球之夜 Soccer Night 健康俱乐部 Health Club 春节联欢晚会 Spring Festival Gala Evening 半边天 Half the Sky 综艺大观 Super Variety Show 戏迷园地 Garden for Opera Fans 大风车 Big Pinwheel 七巧板 Tangram 12演播室 Twelve Studio 中华民族 Chinese Ethnic Peoples 科技博览 Science and Technology Review 人与自然 Man and Nature 正大综艺 Zhengda Variety Show 书坛画苑 Gallery of Calligraphy Painting 天涯共此时 Time Together across the Strait 华夏风情 China Kaleidoscope 中国新闻 China News 中国报道 China Report 旅行家 Travelogue 中国各地 Around China 今日中国 China Today 周日话题 Sunday Topics 英语新闻 English News 东方时尚 Oriental Fashion
姓名中英文翻译大全
姓名中英文翻译大全 A: 艾--Ai 安--Ann/An 敖--Ao B: 巴--Pa 白--Pai 包/鲍--Paul/Pao 班--Pan 贝--Pei 毕--Pih 卞--Bein 卜/薄--Po/Pu 步--Poo 百里--Pai-li C: 蔡/柴--Tsia/Choi/Tsai 曹/晁/巢--Chao/Chiao/Tsao 岑--Cheng 崔--Tsui 查--Cha
常--Chiong 车--Che 陈--Chen/Chan/Tan 成/程--Cheng 池--Chi 褚/楚--Chu 淳于--Chwen-yu D: 戴/代--Day/Tai 邓--Teng/Tang/Tung 狄--Ti 刁--Tiao 丁--Ting/T 董/东--Tung/Tong 窦--Tou 杜--To/Du/Too 段--Tuan 端木--Duan-mu 东郭--Tung-kuo 东方--Tung-fang E: F:
范/樊--Fan/Van 房/方--Fang 费--Fei 冯/凤/封--Fung/Fong 符/傅--Fu/Foo G: 盖--Kai 甘--Kan 高/郜--Gao/Kao 葛--Keh 耿--Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭--Kung 勾--Kou 古/谷/顾--Ku/Koo 桂--Kwei 管/关--Kuan/Kwan 郭/国--Kwok/Kuo 公孙--Kung-sun 公羊--Kung-yang 公冶--Kung-yeh 谷梁--Ku-liang H:
韩--Hon/Han 杭--Hang 郝--Hoa/Howe 何/贺--Ho 桓--Won 侯--Hou 洪--Hung 胡/扈--Hu/Hoo 花/华--Hua 宦--Huan 黄--Wong/Hwang 霍--Huo 皇甫--Hwang-fu 呼延--Hu-yen I: J: 纪/翼/季/吉/嵇/汲/籍/姬--Chi 居--Chu 贾--Chia 翦/简--Jen/Jane/Chieh 蒋/姜/江/--Chiang/Kwong