学术英语读书报告
一、生词、术语整理（潘雪文）
一，genome. n基因组
二，Hazard. n危害
三，Unintended. adj无意识的
四，Extend. adj广泛的
五，Stunted. adj发育不良的
六，Microbe .细菌
七，Herbicide。n除草剂
八，Recombinant。n重组体
九，Foreign。n外来基因
十，Host gene 宿主基因
十一，Metabolism。n新陈代谢
十二，Insecticidal。 Adj杀虫的
十三，Kidney。肾脏
十四，Thymus. n胸腺
十五，Intestine。 n肠
十六，Ingest。摄取
十七，Fragmented。Adj片段的
十八，Gastrointestinal。Adj肠胃的
十九，Penetration。渗透
二十，Fetus。胎儿
二十一，Toxin。n毒素
二十二，Undertake。v承担
二十三，Supplement。v增补
二十四，Ingest。 v摄取
二十五，Fragment。n片段
二十六，Digestive。v消化
二十七，Plasmid。n质粒
二十八，Microorganisms。n微生物
二十九，Saliva。n唾液
三十，Leukocyte。n白细胞
三十一，Spleen。n脾
三十二，Mutagen。n诱变剂
三十三，Mammal。n哺乳动物
三十四，Lactation。n泌乳期
三十五，Histological。Adj组织学的
三十六，Sperm
三十七，Construct. v构建
三十八，Supplement。v补充
三十九，Roundup。美国地名
四十，Portions。部分
四十一，Mortality。n死亡率
四十二，Mechanical。 Adj机械的
四十三，Offspring。后代
四十四，Restrict。v限制
四十五，Span。跨度
二：术语
四十六，GMO基因改造的生物体
四十七，HGT 水平基因转移
四十八，SL 雪花莲凝集素
四十九，ET 胚胎毒理学
二、长句、难句整理（邓辉）
1、
To understand what effect they can have on us and on our animals and whether their risks outweigh the benefits,it is
vitally important to study the influence of these GM plants on different orangi sms for several generations.
为了理解他们对我们和动物有什么影响，研究这些转基因植物在基带不同生物体中的挺像是非常重要的。2、
It is put forward in the risk assessment documents that the GM compoents of t ransformed plants are completely destoryed
in the digestive tract of humans and animals,together with the other genetic material found in them.
在风险评估文件中提出已经转变的植物中转基因成分在人类和动物的消化道中被完全破坏，还是其他被发现的转基因材料也是如此。
3、
By the end of the experiment,from the 15 females included in the exoeriment ,1 1 gave birth and produced a total of 132 rat
pups.
到试验结束为止，在实验包括的15只母鼠中，11只分娩，总共生132只小鼠。
三、论据和观点整理（姜文兵）
Main thesis：GM soya could have a negative influence on the Birth-Weight and Survival of Rat Pups
Arguments：
1.Death in the first group continued during lactation, and the weights of the survivors are lower those from the other two groups.
2.In two weeks after their birth the weight of pups (with SE) from the GM soya supplemented group was less (2
3.95g ±1.5g) than that of the pups of the positive control group (30.03g±1.1g; p<0.005), or from the traditional soya flour supplemented group (27.1g±0.9g; p< 0.1).
Sub thesis 1:Consumption of GM food by animals led to the negative changes in their organisms. Arguments：
Experiments, conducted by A. Pusztai showed that potatoes modified by the insertion of the gene of the snowdrop lectin4 (an insecticidal proteins), stunted the growth of rats, significantly
affected some of their vital organs, including the kidneys, thymus, gastrocnemius muscle and others (1998) and damaged their intestines and their immune system (Ewen and Pusztai 1999). Similar effect of GM potatoes on rats was obtained at Institute of Nutrition in Russia (Ermakova 2005).
Sub thesis 2: Maternally ingested foreign DNA could be potential mutagens for the developing fetus.
Arguments：
In another research of Schubbert et al. (1998) the plasmid containing the gene for the green fluorescent protein6 (pEGFP-C1) or bacteriophage M13 DNA were fed to pregnant mice. Foreign DNA, orally ingested by pregnant mice, was discovered in blood (leukocytes), spleen, liver, heart, brain, testes and other organs of foetuses and newborn animals.
四、阐述内容（罗亮）
Introduction
Introduction what is GMOs and four main sources of the hazards of GMOs . GM crops form a part of our daily diet and it is very vitally important to study it which have a litter study. There seems a lack of investigations on the influence of GM corps on mammals, especially on their reproductive function. Therefore,the study is very important.
Methods
The female rats were divided into 3 groups, one group of female rats of 180-200g weight (6, in 2 cages) was allocated to the experiment group, another group of females was allocated to the control group, the last was introduced a positive control group. Afters 2 weeks all the females were mated with 2 healthy males.
Results
The mortality of the control group is lower than the experiment group, but higher than the positive control group. The experiment group’s weight is lower than the control group and the positive control group. Most of organ of the experiment group is smaller than the control group and the positive control group.
Discussion
It can be the result of the transformation and the insertion of the foreign genes, which could penetrate into the sexual / stem cells, or / and into cells of the fetus.
五、补充材料说明（梁欢）
转基因技术
转基因技术的理论基础来源于进化论衍生来的分子生物学。基因片段[2] 的来源可以是提取特定生物体基因组中所需要的目的基因，也可以是人工合成指定序列的DNA片段。DNA片段被转入特定生物中，与其本身的基因组进行重组，再从重组体中进行数代的人工选育，从而获得具有稳定表现特定的遗传性状的
个体。该技术可以使重组生物增加人们所期望的新性状，培育出新品种。
“转基因”这个在全球承受无尽争议的词汇，成为2014年“科学美国人”中文版《环球科学》杂志年度十大科技热词之一。而争议的关键在于人类是否像自己所认为的那样，已经可以代替上帝改造自然。毕竟人类曾经认为地球是宇宙的中心。
2015年1月13日，欧洲议会全体会议通过一项法令，允许欧盟成员国根据各自情况选择批准、禁止或限制在本国种植转基因作物。该法令还将提交欧洲理事会，如一切顺利将于今春生效。
转基因大豆
转基因大豆可以抵抗杀草剂——草甘膦（毒滴混剂）。草甘膦会把普通大豆植株与杂草一起杀死。这种大豆被称为转基因大豆。而这种转基因技术终于走出实验室和试验田，进入像玉米、大豆和棉花作物的日常耕作。
20世纪80年代，孟山都公司研究人员从矮牵牛中克隆获得了抗性基因(EPsPs基因)，并应用粒介导转移脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)技术，将矮牵牛质粒(caMv)中35s启动子控制EPsPs基因导人大豆基因组中，进而培育出抗草甘膦大豆品种。这种转基因大豆于1994年被美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)批准，较早成为商业化大规模推广的生产转基因作物之一。由于RR豆具有耐除草剂草甘膦基因，这种大豆对非选择性除草剂农达(Rwndup)有高度耐受性。在大田中施用草甘膦除草剂，不会影响大豆产量。此外，转基因大豆还有其他类型，如高蛋氨酸大豆品种等，但转基因大豆的毒性和安全隐患问题一直备受争议。
小白鼠
实验鼠、小白鼠、白老鼠是指被普遍用在生理学、医学、药学等学科的教学与研究中作为实验动物的白色皮毛大鼠或小鼠。大鼠的种类通常是褐鼠（Rattus norvegicus）、小鼠的种类通常是小家鼠（Mus musculus）。很多地方也会繁殖小白鼠喂食爬行类生物之用，由于攻击性较弱，爬行类生物能安心食用。
六、分析作者态度、偏向、论据论点可能存在的问题（吴继敏）作者态度、偏向、论据论点：在小白鼠试验中，作者分三种大豆喂食小白鼠（基因改造，传统大豆，还有对照组（positive control）），三周后，其中，基因改造大豆（GM soya）组造成的死亡率为55.6%，传统大豆组死亡率（9%）和对照组死亡率（6.8%）相近。
体重占比上看，基因组和普通大豆组的体重偏低，其中基因组低于30g，普通组低于30（但大部分在20-30g之间）；反观合理控制的对照组就很棒棒
基因组的小白鼠，肝脏比其他两组低60%的重量；体重低50%；肺低61.2%；心脏低47.4%；肾等其他都普遍低，有趣的是，大脑是普通的重量。
可能存在的问题:选的小白鼠，可能会有物种对实验结果造成影响；
实验感觉组别只有三组还是太少了
数据分析没给到位
提问：1.why we need the positive control group？
IT was thought to be necessary to compare these date with those from a positive control group when animals were not exposed to any soya flour supplementation.
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英文读书报告参考范文 book report
A Book Report of a Thousand Splendid Suns Wenjing Shi Translation 152 1507042034 Brief Introduction A Thousand Splendid Suns is a 2007 novel by Afghan-American author Khaled Hosseini. It is his second, following his bestselling 2003 debut, The Kite Runner. Mariam is an illegitimate child, and suffers from both the stigma surrounding her birth along with the abuse she faces throughout her marriage. Laila, born a generation later, is comparatively privileged during her youth until their lives intersect and she is also forced to accept a marriage proposal from Rasheed, Mariam's husband. The author Hosseini has remarked that he regards the novel as a "mother-daughter story" in contrast to The Kite Runner, which he considers a "father-son story".It continues some of the themes used in his previous work, such as the familial aspects, but focuses primarily on female characters and their roles in Afghan society. The Author ＆Background Khaled Hosseini ( born March 4, 1965) is an Afghan-born American novelist and physician. After graduating from college, he worked as a doctor in California, an occupation that he likened to "an arranged marriage". He has published three novels, most notably his 2003 debut The Kite Runner, all of which are at least partially set in Afghanistan and feature an Afghan as the protagonist. Following the success of The Kite Runner he retired from medicine to write full-time. Hosseini was born in Kabul, Afghanistan. His father worked as a diplomat, and when Hosseini was 11 years old, the family moved to France; four years later, they applied for asylum in the United States, where he later became a citizen. Hosseini did not
英语读书报告格式范文
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