英语专业课后阅读题及标准答案

英语专业课后阅读题及标准答案

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Lesson one

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随着信息技术的飞速发展，互联网络已成为中国老百姓讨论公共事务、表达意见、监督政府官员的一个重要公共平台。最近的调查显示，中国网民的年龄基本上集中在18到45岁，这部分人恰恰是社会上最活跃的人群，敢于表达自己的主见。有专家认为，中国网络媒体所表现出来的社会影响力清楚地表明网络已成为中国的主流媒体之一。

With the rapid development of information of information technology, the Internet has became an important public platform for Chinese ordinary people to discuss public affairs, voice opinions and monitor government officials. The recent survey has shown that the average age of Chinese Internet users ranges from 18 to 45. These people are actually the most active population of the society who dare to express their viewpoints. Experts believe the social impact that Chinese Internet media have shown us clearly indicated that the Internet has already become one of the mainstream media in China. Translate the following text into Chinese

Few of us young people believe that we shall ever die. There is a feeling of eternity in youth, which makes us amend for everything. To be young is to be one of the immoral gods. One half of a lifetime indeed is flown---the other half remains in store for us with all its countless treasures. We see no limits to our hopes and wishes; for we have great expectations. We make the coming age our own. A vast, unbounded prospect lies ahead of us. We look around us in the new world, lively, exciting and advancing. We ourselves feel vigour, and ambition, progressing to keep pace with it. There are no signs whatsoever that time will come when we shall be left behind in due course and decline into old age and pass away in the end.

很少有年轻相信自己要死。因为自己青春长住，无有遗憾。年轻人就是不老的神仙。即使有半生已逝去，余生仍好不风光。我们希望与期盼无限，前途无量，未来属于我们。我们前途远大。我们周围的世界欢乐无穷，热闹非凡，进步日臻。我们自己也是充满活力，雄心勃勃，蒸蒸日上，与时俱进。绝对不会想到，有朝一日，行将落伍，步入暮年，垂垂老去。

Lesson two

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中国东方航空公司的标志是一只展翅飞翔的燕子，位于整个标志的视觉中心。标志上半圆用红色，下半圆用蓝色，营造了旭日东升、海天相连、壮丽辉煌的宏大场面，充分的表达了中国、东方、航空的内涵。看到你乘坐的飞机上有这个标志，就代表是东航的航班啦。

The logo of the Eastern Airlines is a flying swallow with its wings stretching out. It is the focus of attention in the entire image.with the upper semi-circle in red and the lower semi-circle in blue, the image represents a red sun rising from the east over the blue sea. There the sky and the sea mingle together. What a splendid sight it is. The image connotes China, the nation, the east and the aviation! Flying a plane with such an image on it, you are sure to realize that you are aboard a flight of the Eastern Airlines.

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We sometimes fall in with people who are either worldly or acquainted with dignitaries who had their day when all-powerful, they seemed to have the world at their command. However, they fail to have drawn from those outstanding people because they lack insight. They are all informed of odd cases and funny people. They muddle along without any aim or principle, religious or political. In narrating an event or describing a person, they are able only to touch upon the obvious phenomena without getting at the quintessence. So there is not much truth in their speech ,which is only small talk. No one would agree that these people, well informed though, have achieved any accomplishments in intellectual, cultural and philosophical areas.

我们有时会邂逅这样一些人，他们也属世故，也结交显赫的权贵，却不善从中悟出处世的道理，原因还是缺乏远见。他们对人对事有着离奇有趣且又极为详尽的见闻。他们浑浑度日，不论是在宗教还是在政治上，都没有明确的目标或原则，所以谈到人情世故时，只能蜻蜓点水地闲扯一番，并不能抓住事物的本质。他们的话语里没有什么真知灼见，而只是无关紧要的闲谈。这样的人富有见闻，可谁也不会认为他们在文化、知识，或是哲学方面会有什么造诣。

Lesson three

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近年来各国政府和环保组织都在呼吁人们少用或不用塑料袋。联合国教科文组织有几个形象的比喻，说如果把人们每年使用的使用的塑料袋覆盖在地球表面，足以使地球传上几件“白色外衣”。人们不愿舍弃塑料袋，说到底是环保意识浅薄。根治“白色污染”仅仅靠提倡是不够的，需要宣传教育和经济手段“双管齐下”。目前中国的塑料袋的使用量为世界之最，若不加以控制，后果是极其可怕的，甚至会造成环境灾难。

In recent years, governments and environmental groups are advocating the reduced use of a total ban on plastic bags. UNESCO once used imagery to describe the situation that the earth would be dressed in a few “white coats” if it were covered by the used plastic bags on its surface. Those who will not give up plastic bags are, in the final analysis not quite environmentally aware of their consequences. To tackle white pollution requires not just advocating, but also educational efforts and economic measures at the same time. At present, China is the number one consumer of plastic bags in the world. If not controlled, the situation will become devastating, and it may even cause an environment disaster.

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Your team is Pioneers, after all. A new generation of young pioneers making a difference. Taking on new responsibilities and I hope you will stay here on Long Island. I hope you will stay in New York. I hope you will do everything you can to make this a place that is still vibrant and growing and I pledge to you I will do what I can to make Long Island affordable. A place to live, work and raise a family for generations to come. You know, this beautiful place, this Long Island has almost become a victim of its own success. Housing prices taxes, the cost of living. We have to make sure that our young

people as well as our teachers, our police officers; our firefighters have a place to live where they want to be. Some of you will go far from here and you will remember this campus and the entire university with great appreciation I hope because you are so well equipped now. And never forget that even though most of the people you know, that you socialize with, that you’re friends with are more than likely college graduates, that is not true for the vast majority of Americans yet. So you have been given a gift and with it comes a responsibilities.

毕竟你们是先锋队，是改变世界的新一代先锋。你们肩负着新的责任，我希望你们能在长岛留下来。我希望你们能留在纽约。我希望你们竭尽全力，将这一方仍然生机勃勃的土地建设成人们安居乐业、适宜子孙后代生活、工作、繁衍、的乐土。我保证将尽我所能使长岛的住宅价格合理。你们知道，长岛，之一方美丽的土地差一点成了他滋生成就的受害者---房价高、税收多、开销大。我们得做到，让我们的教室、警察、消防员和其他年轻人具有定所。你们当中的一些人会远离此地去别处发展，但是希望你们回忆感激的心情记住这所校园和这所大学，因为你们已经学有所成。请永远记住：即使你认识大多数人、你的社交圈、你的朋友们都是大学毕业生，但是大多数的美国人还不是。因此你应经得到了这样一份礼物，随之而来的也就多了一份责任。

Lesson four

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感冒在中医上的诊断，以是否出汗为关键。发病之始，若不出汗表示病毒尚未入脏腑，若已出汗则表示内脏已受到感染。在预防感冒方面，要注意增强身体的抵抗力，防止着凉、过度疲劳等，并注意个人和环境卫生，以及保持室内空气流通；流行期间，亦应少到公共场所。一旦患上感冒，要注意多休息，多喝开水，饮食清淡，并须防止病情发展，演变成更为严重的疾病。

In the diagnosis of cold in traditional Chinese medicine, the major consideration is whether the patient sweats. If the patient does not sweat at the onset of cold, it means that his internal organs are not yet infected. Otherwise, the organs are infected. To prevent a cold, he should enhance immunity, stay warm, but avoid fatigue, maintain personal and environment hygiene and keep the room ventilated. During the outbreak, he should avoid going to public places too often. Once contracted influenza, one should take a good rest,drink much warm water, have a light diet but prevent the condition from developing into more severe cases.

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No one these days would, I suppose, maintain that it is a bad thing to have so many translations of great books cheaply available. But like most blessings, plentiful translations can be curses in disguise.

My feeling is that students, and readers generally, should as soon forgo the airplane and television as neglect the translations of Oriental European literature which are becoming so abundantly and cheaply available. But I also think that they should be constantly aware( and that publishers, editors, and teachers should constantly remind them) that what they are reading is someone’s English version of a work which, in its original language, had unique and untranslatable qualities. Further, they should remember that the more the original work depended for its effected upon

those qualities which make literature a fine art, the less is a translation able to provide equivalent effects.

我想现在没有人会坚持说，许多伟大的著作有着数量繁多、售价低廉的译本是一件坏事。但是丰富的译本，也和大多数的幸福一样，到头来会变成不幸。

我觉得，学生以及广大读者应该宁愿放弃坐飞机、看电视，而非忽视正变得愈加数量丰富、价格便宜的东方文学和欧洲文学的译著。但我也认为，他们应该经常意识到（出版商、编辑还有老师们也应该经常提醒他们），他们所读的译本，只是什么人英译出来的作品，在它原来的语言中，具有不可翻译的独特特质。此外还有一点，他们应该记住：要使原作成为文学上优美的艺术而产生效果，就得依靠那些特质，依靠的程度愈深，译本所能给予的同等效果就愈少。

Lesson five

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环保问题是世界各国在当前经济、社会发展历程中所遇到的具有长远性和全局性的难题。从发展角度来看，环保问题可以分为两类：一类是发展不当造成的，这主要是工业的畸形增长和技术水平低下造成的环境污染；一类不是发展不足造成的，主要是在人口压力下，人们对自然资源掠夺性开发造成的生态破坏。要解决这些问题，一要靠提高对环境污染的控制能力，二要靠积极发展，提高人民生活水平，摆脱对自然条件过度直接依赖。两者都需要投入大量资金。

Environmental issues are the long-term complicated problems of overall significance that every nation has encountered in the economic and social development. From a developmental viewpoint, they will fall into two categories. One is inappropriate development. It refers to the kind of environmental pollution caused by unbalanced industrial development and technological stagnation. The other is inadequate development. Environmental problems can crop up when natural resources are excessively exploited to the destruction of surrounding ecological system. Solutions to these issues depend on the one hand on the effective control of environmental pollution and on the other, the improvements in people’s living standards through economic development instead of their excessive dependence on natural resources. However, both demand huge investments.

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WHO has today updated its definition for SARS cases to take into account the appropriate use of results from laboratory tests. Several diagnostic tests have been developed by various laboratories for the detection of SARS virus and antibodies to the virus. However, all presently available tests have their specific strengths and weaknesses. For this reason, WHO continues to advise clinicians that patients should not have their case definition category downgraded while awaiting results of laboratory testing or on the basis of negative results. WHO is concerned that inappropriate use of laboratory results can have a negative impact on patient management and selection of an appropriate level of infection control. Therefore, negative test results for the SARS virus cannot be used to exclude infection in either suspect or probable cases. In contrast, positive results of quality-assured laboratory testing can add to the efficacy of SARS case management, provided tests are properly

conducted and interpreted.

为合理利用实验室实验结果，世界卫生组织于今日更新了非典病例定义。未测试非典病毒和病毒抗体，几家不同的实验室都进行了一些诊断试验，然而，所有现行的实验都各有千秋。为此，世卫组织一直建议临床医生在等待实验室实验结果期间，或在得到了阴性结果以后，不要降低患者病历的定义等级。世卫组织担心，若不能合理利用实验室实验结果，可能会给病人管理以及选择传染控制界别带来负面影响。所以，即便是非典病毒测试结果呈阴性已不能排出是可疑病例或疑似病例。相反，如果试验方法合理，结果解释也合理，那么权威实验室的阳性检定可以增强非典病例管理效能。

Lesson six

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人际关系的确是大学新生必须面对的一个重要问题。心理学研究表明，人际关系良好的同学的学习效率显著高于人际关系不好的学生，人际关系良好的同学的身体健康、心理健康水平也明显高于人际关系不协调的同学。现代大学生普遍存在的矛盾心态，其中一个就是他们有与人交往的强烈心理需求，但又不知道如何与人交往。有的大学生不相信他人，不敢轻易与他人交往；有的大学生在交往过程中，对他人要求和期望较高；有的大学生认为与人交往就是与同学一起吃喝玩乐，这些都是导致他们与人交往失败的原因。

Interpersonal relationships are indeed a critical issue for freshmen. Psychological research shows that the learning efficiency as well as the physical and psychological health of those students who have good interpersonal relationships is remarkably better than that of those in poor interpersonal relationships. A common ambivalence among modern university students is that, psychologically, they have a strong desire to make friends but don’t know how to do it. Some don’t trust people and are afraid to mix with others. Some are demanding and have high expectations of their friends. Others believe that making friends simply means eating, drinking and partying with them. All of these are the reasons for their failed interpersonal relationships. Translate the following text into Chinese

On May 12,2008, an earthquake of 8 magnitude struck in Sichuan. Everyone in China was shocked, and quickly became heartbroken as reported deaths climbed from 10,000 to 32,000 to more than 62,000. The death toll is still rising, and the number of injured and missing is many times more.

The Chinese people faced this disaster with compassion and courage. I was touched by the teacher who died forming a bridge with his body between two desks, protecting four surviving students under him, by the trapped child who told the rescue workers to save others first, and by the dying mother who texted her baby, “My Treasure: If you survive, always remember I love you.” She died using her own body to shield her 3-month-old from harm. A child used his hands to dig out two fellow students. His hands were severely injured, but his friends survived. Cab drivers turned their cars into ambulances and delivery trucks. More than 100,000 brave solders risked (and some gave) their lives to find every survivor.

2008年5月12日，中国四川发生了里氏八级的大地震，每一个中国人都非常震惊，很快便感到悲恸心碎。报道中遇难人数从一万很快上升到三万二千，随后又超过了六万二千，这个数字目前仍在上升之中，受伤和失踪的人数则数倍于

此。

中国人民用爱心和勇气来面对这场灾难。我被种种场面感动：一位遇难的老师，他把自己架在两个课桌之间，像一座桥的样子，保护着身下四名后来获救的学生；一名被困的孩子，告诉赶到的救援人员先去救其他的人；一位母亲，她把才出生三月大的孩子护在自己的身体下面，临死之前，她给她的孩子留下了这样的话：“亲爱的宝贝：如果你能活着，一定要记住我爱你”。一个小孩用他的双手挖出了两名同学，他的手严重受伤，然而他的伙伴得救了；出租车司机把他们的车变成了救护车和运输卡车；超过十万名英勇的士兵冒着生命危险寻找每一位幸存者，他们中有些献出了自己的生命。

Lesson seven

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《难以忽视的真相》(An Inconvenient Truth)这部影片的成功，可能令不少也大跌眼镜，以往世界对环境保护、可持续发展的关注，在近几年开始进入白热化阶段，奥斯卡评审委员们的决定，也证明了世界对环境保护的肯定。不论大家认为《难以忽视的真相》这部纪录片有趣与否，它背后的信息性与教学价值，实在不容忽视，对地球未来的生态发展，也有深远的影响。

Some people were quite astonished at the success of the movie An Inconvenient Truth.In recent years, there have been hot debates over the world’s past concerns about sustainable development and environmental protection. The decision of the Oscar Reviewing Committee has once again proved the world’s committee to environmental protection. Whether or not you assume this documentary is entertaining, the informative and instructive value behind it can never be ignored. It will have a significant impact on the ecological development of the earth in the future.

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Mrs. Dalloway is novel by Virginia Woolf that details a day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway in Post-World War I England. The novel’s story is of Clarissa’s preparations for a party for the upper of which she is to be hostess. With the interior perspective of the novel, the story travels forwards and back in time, and in and out of the character’s minds’ to construct a complete image of Clarissa’s life and of the inter-war social structure. In 2005, the novel was chosen by TIME magazine as one of the one hundred best English-language novels from 1923 to present. In Mrs. Dalloway all of the action, expecting flashbacks, takes place on a single day in June. It is an example of stream of consciousness storytelling: every scene closely tracks the momentary thoughts of a particular character. Woolf blurs the distinction between direct and indirect speech throughout the novel, alternating her narration with omniscient description, indirect interior monologue, direct interior narration, and follows at least twenty characters in this way, but the bulk of the novel is spent with Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Smith.

《达洛维夫人》是弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙撰写的小说。小说详述了英伦一战后克拉丽莎·达洛维一天的生活细节。小说围绕达洛维夫人作为女主人筹备一个上流社会派对展开。通过小说的内在视角，其故事情节穿梭时间跨度，在主人公的思绪与现实之间迂回，完整地勾勒出了克拉丽莎的生活以及两次世界大战之间英国的

社会结构。2005年，该小说被《时代》杂志评为“1923年起至今最佳百部英语小说”之一。在《达洛维夫人》中，所有的情节与回顾都发生在六月里的一天。这是典型的意识流写作手法：每一个场景都紧跟着特定人物的瞬间思绪展开。通篇小说，伍尔芙淡化了直接对话与间接对话的差别，用直叙与全知性的描述交替叙述故事。小说记录了至少20位人物的节间内心独白与直接内心独白，但其中大部分都在写克拉丽莎·达洛维与塞普蒂默斯·史密斯。

Lesson eight

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摩托车“仿制”可谓由来已久，以近几年为烈。但凡某品牌车的款式俏销，诸多仿制产品便接踵而至，“克隆”得几乎以假乱真却有其表却无其质，直搅得消费者眼花缭乱，本来看好的市场便弄出个车满为患，混乱不堪。产品被“仿制”的企业叫苦不迭。自主创新也罢，引进开发的也罢，那么多人力、物力、财力投进去，产品在市场叫响之后，诸多“仿制”产品企业却坐享其成，依样画葫芦，叫人防不慎防。

There has been a long history of imitating motor bikes. In recent years, the situation has become more serious: whenever a model of a certain brand sells well, many imitation products will quickly emerge one after another. Though their imitation very much resembles the original model in appearance, their quality is often inferior. This confuses consumers in the market. The formerly promising market is thus full of fake models and fallen into disorder. Those manufacturers whose products are imitated by others often complaining that they have invested so much manpower and so many material and financial resources in what they call “independent innovation”or “introduction and further development”. However, once their products become more popular in the market, there will be many manufacturers who gain considerable profits by simply copying the originals. Even the utmost care could not prevent this from happening.

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Malaria, like AIDS, is killing millions. But unlike AIDS, it can be cured. Why isn’t that happening? As current trends make it clear that AIDS is surpassing the Black Death as the most devastating plague ever to afflict the human race. The latest figures suggest that malaria sickened 300 million people last year and killed 3 million--most of them under 5.(AIDS last year killed just over 3 million people.) What makes the malaria deaths particularly tragic is that malaria, unlike AIDS, can be cured. A malaria outbreak in Florida last summer that hospitalized seven people was the first extended case of local transmission on US soil in nearly 20years. The cause was almost certainly a parasite that hopped a ride in a human or a mosquito on an international flight or ocean vessel, since none of the patients had recently ventured overseas.

疟疾，和艾滋病一样，正在令数以百万计的人丧命。和艾滋病不同的是，疟疾是可以治愈的。那为何死亡悲剧一再上演？当前趋势表明，艾滋病正赶超黑死病成为迄今为止毁灭性最强的瘟疫，困扰着人类。最新数字显示去年有三亿人患上疟疾，有三百万人因此死亡，其中大多数死者不足五岁。（去年因艾滋病死亡的只略超出三百万人。）患疟疾死亡之所以特别可悲是因为和艾滋病不同，疟疾是可以治好的。去年夏天，佛州爆发疟疾，7人接受住院治疗，这是近20年来美国本土疟疾传播的首个扩散病例。因为这些患者最近都未曾涉足海外，原因几

乎肯定是国际航班和远洋轮船上的寄生虫跳到了人或是蚊子的身上进行传播的。Lesson nine

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哥伦比亚大学里的哥伦比亚学院是美国最早进行通才教育的本科生院，学校规定学生进入大二可以在选择专业，这给了没一个学生成为通才的空间。第一年，我从必修的人文课程中收获了让人一生受益的知识。他沉淀在我的身体里，成为思想和灵魂的一部分，在此后的人生关键时刻，他都会灵光一现，帮助我度过或孤独或困惑的日子。多年以后，我才参透，哥大通才教育的重要意义是无可比拟的。

Columbia College of Columbia University is the first US undergraduate school that adopted general education. The college requires students to choose a specialization in Year Two. This policy leaves every student plenty of room to become a generalist, a master of whatever interests him. When I was a freshman, I was taught a great deal of humanities. I believe the knowledge I learned from those compulsory units is beneficial for my entire life. It has become part of my soul, and at every crucial moment later in my life, it will suddenly dawn on me and get me through difficulties when I feel lonely or lost. It was quite some time before I came to understand that importance of CU’s generalist education could not be overstated.

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New research has revealed that overseas-trained teachers are not being used to their full potential in Australia. The result of the survey revealed that 30% of the teachers were dissatisfied with their experience of migrating to Australia, and 40% had experienced significant periods of unemployment since their arrival. A common complaint from migrant teachers is that their expectations of working in Australia do not match their experiences. Many moved to Australia under their belief that their skills will be in high demand, only to find that the teacher shortages are confined to remote and regional areas and specific disciplines, and that relocation within Australia is extremely difficult. As the recruitment of overseas talents has long been considered a solution to teacher shortages, it is important to develop an understanding of what attracts international teachers to our shores and what we can do to keep them here. The research found that Australia could be doing much more to attract skilled migrants and crucial changes are needed to make the immigration processes more effective and user-friendly.

新的研究表明当前澳洲并没有充分利用好从海外引进的移民教师。调查结果显示有30%的移民教师对移居澳洲的经历表示不满，有40%在抵达澳洲后曾遭受过长期失业。移民教师常常抱怨说他们想象当中在澳洲的工作情况和实际遭遇完全不同。不少人移民澳大利亚，认为澳大利亚急需他们掌握的技能，结果却发现仅仅是边远地区和一些特定的学科缺少老师，而且在澳洲教师职位调动是非常困难的一件事。因为澳洲长期以来一直认为从海外招募人才是解决国内教师短缺问题的办法，所以了解澳洲有哪些政策可以吸引到海外教师以及了解我们可以做些什么来挽留他们就变得尤为重要。研究发现澳洲需要付出更多的努力去吸引技术移民，并且需要进行重大改革使得移民流程变得更为有效更为友好。