专业英语期终考试B卷

江西蓝天学院京东教学部 ?专业英语?期末考试B 卷

Part One I. Vocabulary and Structure （ 10 points ， 1 point for each item ） 1. The winner in the general election is almost certain to be _____ the Republican or the Democratic nominee. A. both B. either C. neither D. not only 2. Such attitudes amount to a recognition _____ leisure should be put to good use. A. where B. what C. which D. that 3. Even with the new development in research ， only a tiny ______ of all tests are done without using animals. A. variety B. amount C. plenty D. proportion 4. The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia ， _____ it is not technically legal there. A. if B. otherwise C. although D. unless 5. Mrs. Weinstein bravely and persistently used every skill she had to _____ her attacker not to take her life. A. convince B. convey C. contact D. consult 6. Daydreaming improves a pers on…s ability to _____ more readily with new ideas. A. show up B. put up with C. come up D. take up 7. On average about ￡5000 a year is spent on each private school pupil ， ______ the amount spent on state school pupils. A. as twice as B. twice more as C. more than twice D. more twice than 8. To a worker ， _____ from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play. A. what B. which C. that D. it 9. Long life is altering our society ， of course ， but in experiential ______. A. items B. terms C. turns D. themes 10. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will ______ eight days to readjust his palm sweat. A. spend B. take C. cost D. pay Ⅱ. Cloze Test （ 10 points ， 1 point for each item ） Great artists and great scientists are similar in that they both use the two sides of their brain. It is well known that Albert Einstein ， 11 a great scientist ， also enjoyed art ， playing the violin and sailing. Einstein said his scientific discoveries grew from his imagination 12 from analysis ，

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reason and language. The story goes 13 Einstein was daydreaming one summer…s day 14 sitting on a hill. He imagined that he was riding on sunbeams to the far distance of the universe. 15 he found that he had returned to the sun. So he realized that the universe must curve. He got this 16 by using his imagination. He then used the left side of brain to 17 analysis，number and reason. And finally he used language to explain it.

Traditional，18 education in schools encourages us to use the left-hand side of our brains. Language，number，analysis and reason are given more importance in our schools than imagination and daydreaming. 19 ，we are encouraged to leap when we have two perfectly good legs！Then why don…t we give more20 to visual thinking？

11. A. as B. for C. with D. to

12. A. other than B. more than C. better than D. rather than

13. A. when B. which C. that D. what

14. A. while B. until C. though D. as if

15. A. And B. But C. So D. Then

16. A. story B. idea C. figure D. pattern

17. A. supply B. apply C. reply D. imply

18. A. establish B. to establish C. established D. establishing

19. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Indeed D. However

20. A. value B. vision C. voice D. view

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension （30 points， 2 points for each item）

Passage One

The more I see of the Internet，the more enthusiastic I am. We…re living through a period of dynamic change. America is ahead just now，with over 50 percent of the population on-line；Britain is next，then Scandinavia and Japan，with the rest of Europe lagging surprisingly behind. But it won?t be long before everyone catches up. In the third world especially，the internet will be a revolutionary force that will promote democracy and economic growth.

The lightning speech of American decision-making in today…s business world is rooted in the technology. In the 1980s，American companies，desperate to compete with Japanese and German companies，shed their bureaucratic（官僚的）aspects and returned to the knife-edge of the market. Companies began to be run much more aggressively in the interests of shareholders，and that powered the adoption of new technology. The pay of CEOs （首席执行官）was tied to stock-market performance and businessmen got rich in a way they never previously imagined.

On the knife-edge of the market some are going to bleed. One big invention here is “frictionless selling” for cars—buying on-line rather than through a salesman at a car dealership （汽车专卖行）。I just bought my new car this way. I arranged finance and got just what I wanted—color，interior，engine size—in half an hour. That…s great for me. But there are 25000—most family owned car dealerships in the United States，and in the next century most will die. It?s a transition that will su rely be repeated many times over.

Telecom （电信）costs are falling towards zero，and computer costs aren…t far behind. The growth of the internet in Africa，Asia and the Far East is putting these tools in everyone?s hands. And I…m confident that if people got the chance to connect，they will quickly create wealth and opportunities across seven continents.

21.Why does the author feel more enthusiastic when he sees more of the Internet？

A. Because America is in a leading position in this field.

B. Because he believes that the Internet will change the whole world.

C. Because he is one of the businessmen who got rich in IT industry.

D. Because the Internet will bring democracy to the Third World.

22. American companies shed their bureaucratic practice because _______.

A. that was powered by the use of new technology

B. that was the way businessmen got rich

C. they wanted to tie the salary of their CEOs to stock-market performance

D. the competition with foreign companies was sharp

23. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _______.

A. the adoption of the Internet helped improve the competing power of American companies

B. American companies were once thrown out of the market by Japanese and German companies

C. American companies competed desperately with foreign companies in car industry

D. many American businessmen were desperate to get rich

24. The author mentions the purchase of his new car and the car dealership to _______.

A. illustrate the advantage of “frictionless selling”

B. predict what change the Internet will bring to American daily life

C. illustrate one of the hurting effects of the Internet

D. compare this new way of selling cars with the traditional one

25. The word “transition” in paragraph 3 prob ably means _______.

A. failure

B. change

C. lesson

D. competition

Passage Two

Almost no one argues against the view that schools have an important responsibilities to develop students… intellect. Disputes center，rather，on the degree to which this responsibility should exceed all other responsibilities or potential responsibilities.

Some strong supporters of intellectual attainment as the primary objective of schools suggest that this purpose really is what schooling is all about and that other outcomes should receive only minimal emphasis. This position has a long history in American education. In general，the view suggests that school programs should not handle citizenship education or professional preparation directly. Rather，programs should focus on intellectual attainment. Once intellectual attainment has been achieved，good citizenship and an ability to handle work-related responsibilities will be natural by-products.

Critics of this purpose of education raise a number of objections. Some question the assumption that without direct instruction in the schools，students automatically will acquire good citizenship and professional competence as a result of their exposure to programs emphasizing intellectual competence. There is some feeling that it is too much to expect young people to bridge the gap between intellectual knowledge and the kind of citizenship skills and job-related knowledge they will need in the “real world”。

Other critics take issue with suggestions of some supporters of a heavy emphasis on intellectual attainment that school programs be strongly centered on such subjects as foreign languages，mathematics，history，literature，and the hard sciences—subjects thought capable of “challenging” the intellect. Critics allege that such subjects re ally are directed at a narrow，college-bound，intellectual elite. When schools serve the entire population of young people，it is

not appropriate，these critics argue，to place such a heavy emphasis on an orientation that，in reality，is of benefit only to a small percentage of the total school population.

26. The current issue concerning schools… responsibilities is focused on _______.

A. if schools should shoulder the responsibility to develop students… intellect

B. if schools should try to cultivate good citizenship

C. if schools should teach students work-related skills

D. if schools should place too much emphasis on intellectual attainment

27. The view that schools shouldn…t teach directly the working skills is based on the assumption that ______.

A. students can learn these skills better in the real world

B. students should learn how to be a good citizen first

C. students with intellectual competence can get these skills automatically

D. students don…t need these skills during their stay at school

28. According to some critics，if a school program heavily emphasized subjects like foreign languages，mathematics，history，etc.，_______.

A. schools would fail to produce any elite

B. only a small number of students would benefit from it

C. students… intellect couldn?t be developed

D. students would fail in other subjects

29. It can be learned from the passage that _______.

A. a school has many objectives to achieve simultaneously

B. a school program focused on intellectual attainment is a good one

C. most American schools center strongly on intellectual development

D. only such intellect-related courses are taught in American schools

30. The author…s attitude toward this issue is _______.

A. subjective

B. indifferent

C. enthusiastic

D. objective

Passage Three

There ha s been a critical lack of studies exploring women…s diverse concerns and ways of dealing with unmet needs for services. What explanations are offered for the lack of researches on urban and suburban women？As Lofland argued，women are just “there” in urban studies—in the background like furniture. This “thereness” can be attributed to three factors.

First，the “community” emphasis of urban studies leads researchers to study ethnic or working-c lass communities in which the woman…s role is home-centered，isolated，and secondary. Since her participation in the community?s public life is usually limited，her life is not readily visible，especially to the male researcher. His limited opportunity to observe and study women…s lives and activities，then，is a second explanation for the lack of studies. A third reason is that government and foundation funding is largely allocated to the study of “problems”，particularly those associated with crime. In these studies，the focus tends to be on men，although there is now a burgeoning （迅速增长的）literature on crime committed by women.

The gaps in the literature include a lack of research on well-to-do urban and suburban women whose life-style contrast sharply with the neighborhood-based world of ethnic or working-class women portrayed in such classics as Street Corner Society or The Urban Villagers. For example，suburban women may travel long distances take advantage of diverse facilities and resources located in the city. Since their activities take them away from their immediate residential

community，these aspects of women…s lives fall outside the range of neighborhood or community studies. This need to travel，whether for greater intellectual pursuit or higher-quality services，gives women in most income groups the common task of working from within their environments to fulfill their needs.

31.What Lofland said suggests that ______.

A. women are ill-treated like old furniture

B. women…s role at home is like that of furniture

C. women tend to be ignored by researchers

D. women always fall behind men in urban studies

32. Which of the following is NOT a reason mentioned in the passage？

A. Many male researchers lack the opportunity to observe women

B. Women…s life if largely confined to their home.

C. Women don…t have much chance to participate in public life.

D. Women never commit any crime that is worth studying.

33. The phrase “well-to-do” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. wealthy

B. capable

C. intelligent

D. kind-hearted

34. The author mentions suburban women…s need to travel as an example of _______.

A. one aspect of women…s life unnoticed by other researchers

B. the limited role women play in their neighborhood community

C. suburban women…s pursuit of intellectual stimulation

D. the typical life-style portrayed by classical sociological works

35. The author of this passage is mainly concerned with _______.

A. reasons for the limited study on urban and suburban women

B. the diverse needs and concerns of urban and suburban women

C. the sharp contrast between urban and suburban women

D. the factors influencing urban women…s life-style

Part Two

Ⅳ. Word Spelling （10 points， 1 point for two items）

36. 被单，薄片n. s _ _ _ _

37. 前景n. p _ _ _ _ _ _ _

38. 官方的 a. o _ _ _ _ _ _ _

39. 可爱的 a. l _ _ _ _ _

40. 进口n. i _ _ _ _ _

41. 预报v. f _ _ _ _ _ _

42. 元素，成份n. e _ _ _ _ _ _

43. 智慧n. w _ _ _ _ _

44. 紧张的 a. t _ _ _ _

45. 有规律的 a. r _ _ _ _ _ _

46. 推翻v. o _ _ _ _ _ _ _

47. 开关n. s _ _ _ _ _

48. 获得，得到v. a _ _ _ _ _ _

49. 下降v. d _ _ _ _ _ _

50. 加强v. e _ _ _ _ _ _

51. 有效的 a. e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

52. 程度n. e _ _ _ _ _

53. 建设v. c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

54. 废除v. a _ _ _ _ _ _

55. 项目n. p _ _ _ _ _ _

Ⅴ. Word Form （10 points， 1 point for each item）

56. The eventual aim of computer modeling is ______ （reduce）the number of animals used in experiments.

57. Until recently，many ______ （blame）Oxford for this bias because of the university…s special entrance exam.

58. Engineers are experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers，______ （give）robots a sense of touch.

59. All the men took guns with them in case they ______ （attack）。

60. As in 1980，when Jimmy Carter lost to Ronal Reagan during tough economic times，the voters ______ （motivate）largely by the desire for change.

61. Expectation of life is a slippery figure，very easy ______ （get）wrong at the highest ages.

62. The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far ______ （disturbing）than we realize.

63. The robots used in nuclear power plants can prevent human personnel from ______ （expose）to radiation.

64. A decision ______ （make）today may have consequences far into the future.

65. The important thing is to picture these desired objectives as if you ______ （attain）them.

Ⅵ. Translate the following sentences into English （15 points， 3 points for each item）

66. 收缩的过程如此强烈，以至于形成了黑洞。

67. 已经采取了新措施来帮助保护家佣。

68. 机器人在发达国家的工厂里正变得日益普遍。

69. 我们接触的人都有可能影响我们的态度。

70. 既然我们了解了这个问题，我们就可以努力去克服它。

Ⅶ. Translate the following passage into Chinese （15 points）

The gap between rich and poor was great，both in income and in the nature of their clothing，equipment and pattern of life. At a time when the dollar was so big that ，000 a year was an inviting sum to offer to the head of an insurance company，there were merchants in the seaboard cities who were making hundreds of thousands a year；one Boston merchant is said to have cleared 0，000 from one voyage of one of his ships. Not only was such a man rich—with of course no income tax to pay—but his wealth was instantly apparent to anybody who saw him and his lady in the street. You could tell a distance of fifty paces that their clothes were quite different in material and cut from those of ordinary folk.