大学英语四级语法汇总解析练习

语法讲座与练习（一）

非谓语动词

在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动

动词不定式（the Infinitive）

动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。

1．不定式作主语

To say something is one thing, but to do it is another.

[注]不定式作主语，尤其是当主语较长而谓语较短时，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。

例如：It's so nice to hear your voice.

It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.

典型例题

The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.

A. sit

B. sit on

C. be seat

D. be sat on

答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。

2.不定式作宾语，大致上有三种情况。

1）有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。例如：

afford aim agree arrange ask attempt bother care choose claim consent determine decide decline demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail help learn

long 渴望mean manage offer plan pretend refuse tend undertake volunteer seek intend promise threaten prepare

例如：

The driver failed to see the other car in time.

He offered to help me.

2）有些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如：decide know consider forget learn remember show wonder find out tell inquire explain 例如：

Please show us how to do that.

There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.

疑问词+不定式的结构也可做主语和宾补.

3) 有些动词可以跟there +to be的结构。例如：

believe expect intend like love mean prefer want wish understand

例如：

We didn't expect there to be so many people there.

You wouldn’t want there to be another war.

3. 不定式作补语

1）有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如：

advise allow cause challenge command compel drive 驱使enable encourage forbid force impel induce instruct invite like/love order permit make let permit want get warn persuade request send tell train urge inspire warn teach want ask expect 例如；

Father will not allow us to play on the street.

The officer ordered his men to fire.

注意：感官动词see，hear，observe，watch，notice，feel等和使意动词如make，have，let，用不定式作做宾补要省略to,但作为主补不定式带to.

例如：The teacher makes us write a composition every week.

We are made to write a composition every week.

2) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。例如：

appoint consider find believe think declare（声

称）

guess fancy（设

guess judge imagine know 想）

例如：

We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。

We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。（to be 不能省去）

典型例题

Charles Babbage is generally considered___ the first computer.

A. to invent

B. inventing

C. to have invented

D. having invented

答案：C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语

+doing的结构，排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C。

4. 不定式作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：

My work is to clean the room every day.

The question is how to organize the work.

To see is to believe.

5. 不定式作定语

不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如：

I have a lot of work to do.

There was nothing to bring home that morning.

常跟不定式做定语的名词中，有很多是有常跟不定式的动词或形容词派生来的,常见的有ability, agreement, ambition, anxiety, attempt, claim, decision , determination, eagerness, failure, intension, hope, plan, promise, refusal, reluctance, resolution, tendency, threat, wish等.

例如:His attempt to sole the problem failed again.

The first, second, last, only best等后可跟不定式做定语。

例如:He is always the first to come and the last to leave.

6. 不定式作状语

1）目的状语

常用结构为to do , only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do,so as to do,so （such）… as to…（如此…以便…）。例如：

He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.

I come here only to say good-bye to you.

2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。

I awoke to find my truck gone.

He searched the room only to find nothing.

3）表原因

I'm glad to see you.

She wept to see the sight.

4）做独立成份

To be fair, he has worked hard these days.

We don’t like your idea, to tell you the truth.

7.作谓语结构的一部分

1)be said /reported/ know…+不定式

Shanxi Province is known to have rich coal reserves.

2)be likely/ certain/ sure/ wi ling/ anxious, ready/ bound / eager/ reluctant… +不定

式

He is always ready to help others.

几点注意事项

1.不定式的逻辑主语

不定式作主语和宾语时,当逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,要用for或of+名词/代词放在不定式前做逻辑主语.即 It's for sb. to do和It's of sb. to do

1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如：

It's very hard for him to study two languages.

2）of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, clever, considerate, courageous, cruel, foolish, good, grateful, honest, kind, nice, polite, right, rude, silly, stupid, thoughtful, wicked, wise, wrong。例如：

It's very nice of you to help me.

I think of him not to accept our invitation.

2. 动词不定式的否定式

在不定式标志to前加上not。例如：

Tell him not to shut the window。

She pretended not to see me when I passed by.

典型例题

1）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.

A. never to drive

B. to never driver

C. never driving

D. never drive

答案：A。

2）The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.

A. not to

B. not to do

C. not do it

D. do not to

答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有宾语，因此也B，D不对。

3. 省去to 的动词不定式

1）情态动词（除ought 外）后。

2）使役动词let, have, make后，感官动词see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel等后。

注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如：

I saw him dance.

=He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night.

=They were made to work the whole night.

3）would rather，had better句型后

4）Why… / why not…句型后

5）help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to）do sth：

但是can’t help doing = can’t help but do 不得不,禁不住

6）but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。

比较：He wants to do nothing but go out.

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

7）由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：

8）通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。

例如：

He is supposed （to be）nice.他应该是个好人。

典型例题

(1）---- I usually go there by train.

---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?

A. to try going

B.trying to go

C.to try and go

D.try going

答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。

(2）Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.

A. learn

B. to learn

C. learned

D. learning

答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。

4. 不定式的时态和语态

1）一般式表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后，例如

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.

2）完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如：I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3）进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。例如：He seems to be eating something.

4）完成进行式表示动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。例如：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.

5)不定式的逻辑主语若是不定式所表示动作的执行者，用不定式的主动式;

若是承受者, 要用被动式.

This book is said to have been translated into many languages.

但在某些习惯用法中，常用不定式的主动式代替被动式.

I have a meeting to attend.

There is a lot of work to do today.

This problem is too difficult to explain in a few words.

They found the book difficult to read.

None of us was to blame for that.

5.不定式的特殊句型too…to…

1）too…to太…以至于…。例如：

He is too excited to speak.

---- Can I help you ?

---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.

2）如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为"不太"。例如：

It's never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。（谚语）

3）当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。例如：I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。

He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

6. 不定式的特殊句型so as to

1）表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。例如：

Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.

2）表示结果。例如：

Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?

7. 注意比较作不定式符号的to 与用作介词的to

to 可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to 都用作介词：

admit to confess to object to be accustomed

to

be used to stick to turn to

look forward to be devoted

to

pay attention

to

contribute

to

apologize

to

devote

oneself to

I was ______ work last week, but I changed my mind.

a. to start

b. to have started

c. to be starting

d. to have been starting

2. I intended ______ the matter with you, but I had some guests hen.

a. discuss

b. discussing

c. having discussed

d. to have discussed

3. Don’t let me catch you ______.

a. do that again

b. to do that again

c. doing that again

d. done that again

4. There are many kinds of metals ______.

a. each has its special properties

b. one has its special properties

b. each having its special properties d. having its special properties

5. It’s pay-day, and they’re waiting ______.

a. for paying

b. to be paid

c. to be paying

d. to have paid

6. _______ trouble, I’m going to forget the whole affair.

a. Then rather cause

b. Rather causing

c. Rather than cause

d. Rather than caused

7. The brilliance of his satires was ______ make even his victims laugh.

a. so as to

b. such as to

c. so that

d. such that

8. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined ______ high levels of self-confidence.

a. possess

b. have possessed

c. to possess

d. possessing

9. The worker is ______ in repairing the machine to notice my coming.

a. too busy

b. enough busy

c. busy too

d. busy enough

10. “What did you do in the garden?”

“I watched my father ______ his motorbike.”

a. to repair

b. repaired

c. repairing

d. repairs

11. We must have an engineer ______ the workers build the house.

a. to see

b. see

c. seeing

d. seen

12. Induction means ______ a general conclusion from special facts.

a. to come to

b. to coming

c. coming to

d. came

13. I’m not going t o ask the teacher why he gave me that grade; I intend _______.

a. to let rest the matter

b. the matter to be let resting

c. letting the matter to rest

d. to let the matter rest

14. I have tried _______ worrying about it.

a. to stop consciously

b. to consciously stop

c. to conscious stopping

d. to stopping consciously

15. “Do you want to give a talk on that subject?”

“I prefer ______ .”

a. not want

b. not wanting

c. to not giving

d. not to

16. I _______ the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests.

a. cannot but admit

b. cannot help but to admit

c. cannot but admitting

d. cannot help but admitting

17. Since she is angry, we ______.

a. had better leaving her alone

b. should leave her alone

c. might as well leave her alone

d. had rather leave her alone

18. I don’t allow ______ in my office and I don’t allow my family ______ at all.

a. to smoke…smoking

b. smoking…to smoke

c. to smoke…to smoke

d. smoking…smoking

19. You should remember ______ from the point when you are writing a composition.

a. don’t wander

b. not to wander

c. no wandering

d. not wander

20. Grace advised us to withdraw ______.

a. so as to get not involved

b. so as not to get involved

c. so that to get not involved

d. as not to get involved

21. He ran all the way up to the station ______ that the train had left fifteen minutes before.

a. in order to find

b. so as to find

c. only to find

d. such as to find

22. George w ent hunting for a week but still he didn’t find a room ______.

a. to live

b. to live in

c. for living

d. to be living in

23. You should really avoid ______ at home alone as he is old and ill.

a. your father stay

b. your father to stay

c. your father’s staying

d. your father who stays

24. John didn’t want to risk ______ wet as he had only one suit.

a. getting

b. to get

c. being got

d. to be gotten

25. I’m disappointed with the new officers elected in our club, but t here is no point _______ about it.

a. to worry

b. in worrying

c. with us worrying

d. if we worry

26. It won’t be any use ______ to borrow any more money.

a. you to try

b. of your trying

c. trying you

d. your trying

27. The law requires all cars _______ for safety and efficiency.

a. being tested regularly

b. to be regularly tested

c. be regularly tested

d. regularly tested

28. I remember ______ to the zoo by my father when I was little.

a. being taken

b. taking

c. have been taken

d. to have taken

29. I completely forgot ______ the front door last night and feel fortunate that nothing is stolen.

a. locking

b. being locked

c. to lock

d. to have locked

30. I regret ______ you that your application has been refused.

a. informing

b. being informed

c. to be informed

d. to inform

31. I didn’t mean ______ anything, but these apples looked so good I couldn’t resist ______ one.

a. to eat…trying

b. to eat…o trying

c. eating…to try

d. eating…t o trying

32. I know it isn’t important but I can’t help ______ about it.

a. but to think

b. thinking

c. think

d. to think

33. The ship, ______ to a shapeless wreck, was hardly recognizable.

a. being reduced

b. reducing

c. reduced

d. having been reducing

34. The young doctor could not sleep at night, his thoughts ______ him no peace.

a. gave

b. giving

c. being given

d. to give

35. After a long walk on a hot day, one feels ______.

a. exhaustive

b. exhausting

c. exhaust

d. exhausted

36. Those relatives of his are ______ . I don’t want to have any dealings with them.

a. boring people

b. bored people

c. people having bored

d. people having boring

37. You must follow the directions exactly and if you become ______, you must take the time to go back again and reread them.

a. to confuse

b. confusing

c. confuse

d. confused

38. There is something wrong with my TV set, I must have it ______.

a. checking

b. check

c. to check

d. checked

39. He was just about to jump up when he felt something ______ near his feet.

a. to move

b. move

c. moving

d. moved

40. ______ with the corresponding period of last year, the output of chemical fibers in the first quarter rose by 15%.

a. Comparing

b. To compare

c. Compared

d. Compare

41. “Was the rally successful?’

“No, because the number of ______ was smaller than we had expected.”

a. people who attend

b. attended people

c. people attending

d. attendance of people

42. Uncle Dick has already arrive. Do you expect ______ to see him?

a.Going

b. go

c. to go

d. that you go

43. From the electric refrigerator Dick takes a carton of cream, another of fresh milk and a can of ______ orange juice.

a.frozen

b. froze

c. freezing

d. freezed

44. He felt bad for ______ a chance to study abroad.

a. having not given

b. not having given

c. having not been given

d. not having been given

45. In some countries there are already a number of firms ______ computer programming.

a. specialize in

b. specialized in

c. specializing in

d. specializes in

46. The young man who saw the car ______ into the river telephoned the police station.

a. plunge

b. plunged

c. was plunging

d. to plunge

47. While she was shopping, she kept ______ the list to make sure she hadn’t forgotten anything.

a. checked

b. checking

c. to check

d. check

48. You’d better ______.

a. to have your shoes mended

b. to have mended your shoes

c. have your shoes mended

d. having your shoes mended

49. The machines are made ______ at full speed.

a. work

b. working

c. to work

d. to be worked

50. It is certain that men will never stop ______ new energy sources to power their growing industry.

a. finding

b. to find

c. having found

d. found

51. It is really quite extraordinary that we should have been at the same college without ______ before.

a. met

b. being met

c. having met

d. having been met

52. Professor Smith is said ______ another important discovery in chemistry.

a. having made

b. having been made

c. to have made

d. to make

53. Without the sun’s light ______ the earth’s surface, it would be so cold that life could not exist on th e earth.

a. warms

b. warmed

c. warming

d. to warm

54. The rocket will weigh about 200 tons when ______.

a. being completed

b. completed completing d. have been completed

55. There are plans ______ a number of atomic power station in this regions.

a. to build

b. to be built

c. building

d. being built

56. All of us are looking forward to ______ a trip to the Ming Tombs.

a. make

b. making

c. to making

d. have made

57. I can’t understand ______ a decision until it is too late.

a. him to postpone to make

b. his postponing to make

c. him to postponing making

d. his postponing making

58. I would like ______ that I don’t have a very high opinion of you.

a. to have you know

b. have you know

c. to have your known

d. having you know

59. I had intended ______ him while he was living at Aberdeen.

a. visiting

b. visit

c. to have visited

d. having visited

60. Do you consider better _______ ?

a. not doing it again

b. not do it again

c. not having done it again

d. not to do it again

61. The famous scientist was easy _______ along with.

a. to get

b. for getting

c. getting

d. got

62. The students will have more discussions like this in the weeks ______.

a. coming

b. to come

c. come

d. to be coming

63. He felt lonely at first, but after a time he got ______ alone and even got ______ it.

a. used to living…to like

b. used to live… to like

c. using to live…liking

d. to be used to living…liking

64. Our master raised his voice so that the could make himself ______ by the pupils in the back of the hall.

a. hear

b. heard

c. hearing

d. to be heard

65. When he awoke, he found himself ______ in the hospital and ______ by an old woman.

a. lying…being looked after

b. lying…be looking after

c. lie…be looked after

d. lie…being looked after

66. ______ from the hill-top the lake scenery is beyond description.

a. To see

b. Seeing

c. Seen

d. Having seen

67. ______ in the strange forest, the poor girls fell to ______.

a. Lost…crying

b. Lost…cry

c. To lost…cry

d. Having been lost…crying

68. They’ll have you ______ if you don’t pay your taxes.

a. to be arrested

b. arrest

c. arrested

d. being arrested

69. All flights ______ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.

a. having cancelled

b. were cancelled

c. have been cancelled

d. having been cancelled

70. Although it was very late when John began doing the job, he managed with his fr iend’s assistance, ______ before the building was locked.

a. to be finished

b. being finished

c. finishing

d. to finish

71. Despite the earnest efforts of various private groups as well as government agencies, many of the problems have not yet been solved, and much remains to ______.

a. have been done

b. be done

c. have done

d. do

72. ______ that bad weather was on the way, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on Eiger until the following week.

a. Having told

b. Being told

c. Telling

d. Having been told

73. Members of the Government itself acknowledge many of their predictions _______ wildly over-optimistic.

a. to be

b. being

c. to have been

d. having been

74. The match was cancelled because most of the members ______ a match without a standard court.

a. objected to having

b. objected to have

c. were objected to have

d. were objected to having

75. The teacher doesn’t permit ______ in class.

a. smoke

b. smoking

c. to smoke

d. to have smoke

76. I like watching TV ______ to the cinema.

a. more than to go

b. more than going

c. than going

d. rather than to go

77. The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.

a. to be informed

b. informed

c. on informing

d. informing

78. Mrs. Brown is supposed ______ for Italy last week.

a. to have left

b. to leave

c. to be leaving

d. to have been left

79. Dorothy went to work quietly, ______ to work as hard as she could.

a. her mind being made up

b. with her mind made up

c. with her mind making up

d. he mind making up

80. Husband and wife with a common duty to the country will find themselves ______ closer together.

a. been drawn

b. drawn

c. to draw

d. drawing

81. Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed ______ blown off the mountain.

a. to have been

b. that it was

c. to be

d. that it had been

82. ______ halfway through the exercise, the teacher changed his mind and collected all our papers.

a. When only being

b. When we were only

c. Being only

d. Having been

83. Some passengers are reading the morning paper, others are talking with one another, ______ nervously for the train.

a. to wait

b. are waiting

c. waiting

d. being waited

84. There’s one thing I dislike about him: he will never admit ______ a mistake.

a. having made

b. making

c. being made

d. have been made

85. Stan spent half a year ______ material for his new book.

a. to collect

b. collect

c. collecting

d. collected

86. It’s no use ______ me not to worry.

a. you tell

b. your telling

c. for you to have told

d. having told

87. The chairman insists that there be a meeting _______ within the shortest possible time.

a. to hold

b. to be held

c. to have been held

d. to be holding

88. When the famous pianist was a child, he was accustomed ______ for several hours a day.

a. to practicing

b. to practice

c. to be practicing

d. to have practiced.

89. In China hundreds of different dialects are spoken; people of some villages ______ themselves understood by the inhabitants of the next town.

a. making trouble have

b. have making trouble

c. have trouble making

d. trouble making have

90. It’s a wonderful place f or anyone ______ in architecture, as you are.

a. interesting

b. to be interested

c. being interested

d. interested

91. Another feature worth ______ is the role of information throughout a feedback control system..

a. noticed

b. noticing

c. being noticed

d. notice

92. I believe ______ very largely due to mistaken views of the world.

a. this unhappiness are

b. to be this unhappiness

c. this be unhappiness

d. this unhappiness to be

93. When they met, Leonards and his enemy were fighting ______.

a. killed each other

b. to kill each other

c. killing each other

d. to be killed each other

94. Before the invention of aero-planes, ______ in the sky like a bird was only a dream.

a. men fly

b. to fly

c. for flying

d. man flys

95. At last they succeeded ______ the job.

a. to persuade him to take

b. in persuading him to take

c. to persuade him taking

d. in persuading him taking

96. All that it does is ______ the place of a house wife.

a. takes

b. taking

c. take

d. being taken

97. He listened to me ______ what Mr. Smith had said the day before.

a. to repeat

b. to be repeated

c. to repeating

d. repeat

98. He could do little except ______.

a. writing

b. write

c. written

d. to write

99. The electric shaver ______ before it can be used.

a. needs repairing

b. requires to repair

b.should be in repair d. has to be repairable

100. ______ a problem requiring multiplication or division, the computer solves it by adding or subtracting.

a. Giving

b. Having given

c. Being given

d. Given

101. You can fly to London this evening ______ you don’t mind changing planes in Paris.

a. provided

b. except

c. unless

d. so far as

102. Students from the south prefer _______.

a. eat rice than bread

b. eating rice than bread

c. eating rice to eating bread

d. eating rice to eat bread

103. Would you be ______ to help me with my luggage?

a. enough kind

b. kind enough

c. too kind

d. kind too

104. The father advise ______ the second-hand car.

a. his son to not buy

b. his son not to buy

c. his son’s no buying

d. that his son not to buy

105. “Do you intend to come with us?”

“Yes, ______.”

a. I intend so

b. I intend that

c. I intend to

d. I intend

106. It takes a whole year for the earth ______ round the sun once.

a. traveling

b. to travel

c. traveled

d. travels

107. The factory ______ next year will be one of the largest in this city.

a. to build

b. to be built

c. being built

d. having been built

108. With the guide ______ the way, we set off on foot into the dark night.

a. leading

b. led

c. leads

d. to lead

109. They got the work ______ before the rainy season set in.

a. to do

b. done

c. doing

d. did

110. Things are known ______ when they unite with the oxygen of the air.

a. burning

b. to burn

c. burn

d. being burning

111. He was thoroughly ashamed ______ so much money on such an ugly picture.

a. for spending

b. with spending

c. to have spent

d. of having spent

112. ______ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.

a. To be free

b. Freeing

c. To free

d. Freed

113. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ______ in broad daylight yesterday.

a. to be robbed

b. robbed

c. to have been robbed

d. having been robbed

114. There seemed little hope that the explorer, ______ in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.

a. to be deserted

b. having deserted

c. to have been deserted

d. having been deserted

115. “Where should I send my application?”

“The Personnel Office is the place ______.”

a. to sent it

b. sent it to

c. to send it to

d. for sending it

116. The publisher will send you a specimen copy of their new book ______.

a. when it will be requested

b. when they are requested

c. when requested

d. when request it

117. Rome is the city ______.

a. I rather most like to visit

b. I’d most like to visit

c. I’m rather to visit most

d. I’d prefer most to visit

118. There ______ no further business, the meeting came to a stop.

a. being

b. was

c. been

d. had been

119. Please remind me ______ some eggs for the coming party.

a. buy

b. to buy

c. of buying

d. for buying

120. Don’t say anything at the meeting unless ______.

a. asking

b. asked

c. being asked

d. to be asked

121. The radio announced that all flights ______ have been cancelled because of the fog.

a. go out

b. gone out

c. going out

d. will go out

122. What’s the use ______ extra leisure time if you don’t know what to do?

a. have

b. to have

c. being have

d. of knowing

123. ______ mathematical concepts of some students was very difficult because the students did not have a math background.

a. Explain

b. Explaining

c. Have explained

d. Having explained

124. Although John was the oldest in the family, he always let his sister _____ charge of the house.

a. to take

b. taking

c. take

d. taken

125. Commercial banks make most of their income from interest ______ on loans and investment in stocks and bonds.

a. earn

b. earned

c. to earn

d. was earned

126. Amelia Earhart, the first woman ______ a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, was born in 1898.

a. makes

b. made

c. making

d. to make

127. It is impossible for the plan ______.

a. to put into practice

b. not to put into practice

c.to be put into practice

d. to be not put into practice

128. ______ is what she wants to know.

a. Who to do it

b. Whom to do it

c. Who does it do

d. Whom doing it

129. My wife suggested ______ to Scotland for a holiday, but I favor ______ Wales instead.

a. to go…to visit

b. going …visiting

c. to go…visiting

d. going …to visit 130. There are several ______ leaves on the ground.

a. falling

b. fallen

c. to fall

d. fell