2012届高考英语一轮复习教案：8

Unit 3Inventors and inventions

教材面面观

单词拓展

1.________v i. & v t.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别

________adj.可辨别的________adj.卓越的；杰出的

2．________adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的________ad v.仁慈地________n．怜悯；宽恕

3．________n．立方体；立方________adj.立方的

4．________adj.突然的；意外的________ad v.突然地；唐突地________n．突然；唐突；险峻

5．________adj.便制的；方便的；就近的________ad v.便利地；方便地________n．便利；方便

6．________n．小心；谨慎________adj.小心的；谨慎的

7．________adj.愉快的；高兴的________ad v.高兴地；愉快地

8．________v t.抓住；捉住；夺取________adj.可抓住的；可夺取的

9．________adj.冰冻的；严寒的________v．结冰；凝固________adj.冰冻的；冻伤的

10．________n．鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明________v t.认出；识别；鉴定________n．身份；正身；本体

11．________adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的________ad v.清白地；天真地________n．清白；无罪；天真；单纯12．________v t.忍受；忍耐；负担________adj.可忍受的；经得起的

13．________n．(水或气)流；电流adj.现在的；当前的________ad v.普遍地；当前地________n．通用；流通；货币14．________adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的________ad v.稳固地；坚定地________n．稳定；稳定性

15．________n．能力；胜任；本领________adj.能胜任的；有能力的；称职的短语回顾

1.call________给……打电话

2．now________then 偶尔；有时

3．set________ 开始；着手

4．dive________ 迅速把手伸入；一心投入

5．set________(to do) 开始(做)

6．hang________ 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住

7．out of________ 次序颠倒；发生故障

8．get________ 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过

9．ring________ 回复电话

10．ring________ 挂断电话

句型背诵

1.Snakes come near the house now and then，and they seem________ ________ ________their home here...

那些蛇不时地来到房子周围，而且它们好像已经在这儿安家了……

2．Only after you have had that recognition________ ________say that you are truly an inventor.

只有在你获得那种认证之后，你才能说你是一个真正的发明者。

3．________ ________this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit________led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876.

正是对问题的不断探索和他积极向上的精神才成就了他最著名的发明——1876年的电话机。

4．________ with these findings, I decided on three possible approaches.

有这些发现作准备，我决定了三种可能的方法。

5．Follow it up, explore all around it, ________ before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.

跟随它，在它的周围探索，那么在你知道它之前，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。

自我诊断

单词拓展

1．distinguish；distinguishable；distinguished 2.merciful；mercifully；mercy 3.cube；cubic 4.abrupt；abruptly；abruptness 5.convenient；conveniently；

convenience 6.caution；cautious7.merry；merrily8.seize；seizable9.freezing；freeze；frozen10.identification；identify；identity11.innocent；innocently；innocence 12.bear；bearable13.current；currently；currency14.stable；stably；stability https://www.360docs.net/doc/6f13108.html,petence；competent

短语回顾

1．up 2.and 3.about 4.into 5.out 6.on7.order

8．through9.back10.off

句型背诵

1．to have made 2.can you 3.It was；that 4.Prepared 5.and

考点串串讲

重点单词

1.practical adj.实际的，实用性的，现实的

He gave sound and practical advice.

他提出了很好的、实际可行的建议。

The whole scheme began to take on a more practical aspect.

整个计划开始具有更切合实际的性质。

●归纳延伸

practice n．练习，习惯，实行v.实践，实行；训练；练习，实习

put sth. into practice把……付诸实施

usual/common practice惯例

work in practice行得通

out of practice久不练习，荒疏

Practice makes perfect.

熟能生巧。

practically ad v.实际地，事实上，实用地

The town was practically deserted.

该镇几乎已空无一人。

即境活用

单项填空

If you don't get more ________，you'll get fat.

A．practice B．exercise

C．drill D．train

答案：B

2．convenient adj.方便的，便利的；适宜的；附近的

●用法拓展

(1)at your earliest convenience(正式)尽快(通常用于书信)

(2)convenience store/food便利店/方便

食品

(3)for sb.'s/(the sake of)convenience为了某人的方便

(4)at sb.'s convenience在方便时；在适宜的地点

(5)make a convenience of sb.利用某人

●特别提醒

某人方便时……，一定不要说“You are convenient.”，这个结构是错误的，应说It is convenient to sb.或It is convenient for sb. to do sth.。

①Our house is very convenient to the stores.

我们家离商店很近。

②We bought this house for its convenience. It's very near the stores.

我们买这所房子是为了方便，因为它离商店很近。

即境活用

单项填空

①—When could you have a meal with me?

—I'd like to go whenever it is ________ to you.

A．fit B．nice

C．convenient D．suit

②Come and see me whenever ________.

A．you are convenient

B．you will be convenient

C．it is convenient to you

D．it will be convenient to you

答案：①C②C

3．expectation n．期待，预期；期望，指望；[复]期望的事物；希望，前景

●用法拓展

(1)against all expectation(s)出乎预料

(2)come up to one's expectations不负所望

(3)beyond expectation料想不到

(4)in expectation of期待，指望

(5)expect that...预料……

(6)expect (sb.)to do sth.期望(某人)做某事；预料(某人)做某事

(7)expect sth. of/from sb.期望从某人那里得到某物

①We thought Mary would pass and John would fail, but contrary to

expectation(s) it was the other way around.

我们以为玛丽会及格，约翰不会，但是出乎意料，结果正好相反。

②I usually enjoy his movies, but the latest one didn't come up to my expectations.

我通常喜欢他的电影，但是最新的一部电影没有我料想的那么好。

③We expect to make a small profit this year.

我们预料今年会有盈利。

④—Who broke that cup?

—I expect it was the cat.

——谁打破了那杯子？

——我看是猫打破的。

即境活用

翻译句子

①我们满怀信心地期待着完全康复。

__________________________________ ______________________________________

②她的父母对她的期望很高。

__________________________________ ______________________________________ 答案：①We are confident in our expectation of a full recovery.

②Her parents expected high standards from her.

4．current n．流动，气流，水流；趋势，潮流，倾向；电流adj.现行的，当前的；流行的

This word is no longer in current use.

这个词现在已经不再使用。

This button switches the current on.

这个电钮接通电流。

The current in this place is very rapid.

这儿的水流很急。

●用法拓展

currency n．通货，通用，流通

He was arrested for smuggling out currency.

他因携带货币出境而被捕。

currently ad v.现在；流畅地；一般

current account 往来账户；活期存款

current assets流动资产

即境活用

根据不同的语境，说出下列句子中current的意思

①Our current methods of production

are too expensive.

__________________________________ ______________________________________

②This note is no longer current.

__________________________________ ______________________________________

③The military government failed to control the current of public opinion.

__________________________________ ______________________________________ 答案：①现今用的

②流通的

③动向，趋势

5．distinguish vi.&vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别

The man distinguished himself by his wisdom.

这个人因智慧而扬名。

●用法拓展

distinguish oneself by通过……显扬自己；使自己扬名

distinguish(between)A and B；distinguish A from B区别，辨别(人或事物) distinguishable adj.可分辨的

distinguished adj.高贵的，杰出的

distinguishing adj.不同的；特殊的

Speech distinguishes human beings from the animals.

使用语言是人类区别于动物的特征。

People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind.

不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲。

●易混辨析

distinguish和tell

①distinguish常用于否定句，且常与can 或could连用。distinguish sth.辨别某事物

②tell也可表“辨认，辨别”，常与can 或could连用，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。

I can't tell the difference between the usages of “above all” and “first of all”．我弄不清“above all”和“first of all”用法的不同。

即境活用

单项填空

①Please tell me how to________a poisonous snake from a harmless one.

A．make out B．recognize

C．distinguish D．divide

②At what age are children able to distinguish________right and wrong?

A．among B．during

C．with D．between

答案：①C②D

6．bear vt.&vi.忍受；忍耐；负担

The ice is too thin to bear your weight.

冰太薄，承受不住你的重量。

Do the bride's parents have to bear the cost of the wedding?

要由新娘的父母来负担婚礼所需的费用吗？

He can't bear to laughed at/bear being laughed at.

他受不了拿他取笑。

●用法拓展

bear doing sth.忍受做某事＝bear to do sth.

bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事

bear up忍耐；坚强起来

bear sb./sth. out证实；为……作证

bear with sb./sth.耐心对待；容忍

bear sth. in mind牢记

He could not bear that his friends

should laugh at him.

他受不了朋友们也嘲笑他。

I can't bear to see you like this.

我不忍见你这样。

I don't feel very well.I can't bear this weather.

我觉得不舒服，我受不了这种天气。

You must bear in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.

你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。

●易混辨析

stand，bear，put up with，endure和tolerate

一般来说，这五个动词或短语在表示“忍耐；忍受”的意思时可以通用，但要注意put up with后面一般不能跟动词作宾语，用stand和bear跟动词作宾语时的宾语形式也不一样。

put up with sth.容忍某事；stand(doing)sth.忍受(做)某事；bear doing sth.忍受做某事＝bear to do sth.

He can't stand/bear/put up with hot

weather.

他不能忍受炎热的天气。

She can't stand/bear being kept waiting.

她无法忍受久等。

If you will bear with me a few minutes，you'll understand the situation.

你若能花几分钟耐心听我说，你便能了解这情况。

●温馨提示

①borne和born是bear的两个过去分词，表示“出生，出自”时用born，并且仅用被动语态。表示“生育”时用borne。

②can't bear to do sth.的意义与can't bear doing sth.一样，但一般情况下，不定式表示某一次较为具体的动作，而动名词则表示习惯性的动作。

I couldn't bear to listen any longer，so I left the room.

我实在听不下去了，就离开了房间。

即境活用

单项填空

—Why did Bob cry?

—He couldn't bear________like that before the whole class.

A．making fun of

B．being made fun of

C．to be laughed at

D．being made fun

答案：C

7．abrupt adj.突然的，意外的；(行为、性格等)粗鲁的，无礼的

●用法拓展

an abrupt change突然改变

an abrupt manner唐突的举止

be abrupt with对……态度生硬

即境活用

单项填空

His________departure made his parents sad.

A．suddenly B．fast

C．abrupt D．quick

答案：C此处要用形容词abrupt，表示“突然的”，suddenly为副词，不符合语境。fast表“速度快”，quick“行动敏捷”，均不符合句意，故选C项。

重点短语

1.in case 后跟从句或用作副词位于句

尾，表示“在……情况下，万一……的话；(以防)万一”。

①You'd better take the keys in case I'm out.

你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。

②You probably won't need to call—but take my number, just in case.

你可能不需要打电话，不过还是记下我的电话号码，以防万一。

●用法拓展

in case of要是……；在……的时候(后接名词或代词)

in this case如果这样的话

in that case如果那样的话

in any case无论如何

in no case决不(位于句首，句子应使用倒装语序)

That's the case.意思是“是这样的，那是真的”，用来表示对别人的话表示赞同。

①—I've made up my mind.

我已经拿定主意。

—In that case, there's no point discussing it.

既然如此，讨论这件事就毫无意义。

②In any case you mustn't tell a lie.

无论什么情况，你都不该撒谎。

③In no case will we use nuclear weapons first.

我们决不首先使用核武器。

④—The terrible flood brought about $10 billion worth of loss to this country.

——那场可怕的洪灾给这个国家造成了大约100亿美元的损失。

—That's the case.——是这样的。

即境活用

单项填空

It's nothing unusual to experience failure, but ________ ought we to be discouraged.

A．in no time B．by all means

C．in no case D．on that condition

答案：C

2．ring off挂断电话

After she said this, she rang off.

她说完这话就把电话挂了。

●用法拓展

ring out发出响亮而清晰的声音

ring sth. up将(款额)计入现金出纳机

ring sb. up给某人打电话

①A pistol shot rang out.

响起了手枪的声音。

②I'll ring you up tonight.

今晚我要给你打电话。

③Ring up all the items, the total, $699.

把所有款项、总额为699美元的一笔钱计入现金出纳机。

即境活用

翻译句子

我还没来得及解释，他就把电话挂断了。

__________________________________ ______________________________________ 答案：He rang off before I could explain.

3．set about (doing sth.)开始，着手干某事

①We set about cleaning up the mess.

我们开始把乱七八糟的东西打扫干净。

②She set about answering letters as soon as she arrived at the office.

她一到办公室就开始写回信。

●用法拓展

(1)set out出发，启程

(2)set out to do sth. 开始做某事

(3)set off出发，动身

(4)set aside留出，拨出；对……不予考虑

(5)set down停下……，让……下车；记下，写下

(6)set up设置；创立，开办

(7)set out for＝set off for＝leave for出发到某地去

(8)set back阻碍某事物发展；把(钟表指针)往回拨

(9)be set in以……为背景

①He set out to break the record for the channel swim.

他决心打破游过海峡的记录。

②The young workers set about their work with great enthusiasm.

青年工人们怀着极大的热情开始了工作。

③They set about making preparations for spring sowing.

他们开始进行春播准备工作。

④I set down what my teacher said yesterday.

我把昨天老师说的话都记下了。