2013高考英语语法最后30天精讲精练：全部

一、名词、数词、冠词1

二、非谓语动词7

三、代词10

四、形容词、副词、介词15

五、动名词18

六、介词20

七、分词22

八、基本句型24

九、从句30

十、定语从句37十一、语态38十二、句子结构44十三、虚拟语气52十四、时态59

一、名词、数词、冠词

一、名词

1、在句子里使用名词应注意的问题：

名词的数：单数、复数和不可数；

名词的格：通格和属格（’s ）

名词的限定：特指、泛指、数量和习惯用法，即名词前加冠词或其它限定词，例如：some, many , this, my 等

2、名词的数和单位词：

1）复型名词+ 复数动词

The trousers are too big for me. Please show me the smaller pair.

备用词：shoes, stockings, glasses, socks

NOTICE: A pair of glasses costs quite a lot.

2）复型名词+ 单数动词

A.The news on TV is seldom satisfying.

备用词：mathematics, physics, politics, means, works, the United States

B.Twenty miles is a long way to walk.

备用词：five pounds, two feet, six weeks

3) 集合名词+ 复数名词

The police have surrounded the building.

Cattle are selling for record price (创记录）.

备用词：the enemy, (the) people

NOTICE:表示由若干人组成的集合体的单数词常可作复数用，

但若把这个集合体看作整体就用作单数:

My family are wonderful. They do all they can for me.

The family which now consists of four members at most is

smaller than it used to be.

4)不可数名词作可数的情况

A. 部分不可数名词可以有下列情况

a (an) + adj. + n.

It looks like rain. a thirsty for knowledge(求知欲）

a heavy rain He has a good knowledge of politics.

备用词：snow, breakfast, wine, oil, education

B.口语特例（特定场合）

A (One) beer, please.

Two teas and four coffees, please.

5)既是可数又是不可数的名词

I broke a glass this morning. (杯子）

Glass is made from sand. （玻璃）

备用词：paper / a paper, light(光) / a light(灯);

ice(冰) / an ice (冰激凌), chicken(鸡肉) / a chicken (雏鸡)

6) 单位词

A.个数

a piece of information (furniture, advice…)

B. 以形状表示个数

a grain of rice, a flight of stairs

C. 容量

a box of matches, a cup of tea

D. 计量

a metre of cloth, a ton of coal

E.其它

a (new) set of tools (wires, teeth, rules)

3、名词的格：

1）’ s 的用法

A . 与时间有关的名词

a night’s sleep ten minutes’walk

NOTICE: a two-hour walk = two hours’walk

B. 和else 连用

book can this be? A. Who else’s B. Whose else

C. Who’s else

D. Whose else’s (A)

C. ‘s 修饰的词，如果前面提到，可省略

This is Jack’s book, not Tom’s.

This book is Jack’s not Tom’s.

D. 表示店、铺、家、诊所等，‘s 后面的名词省略

at the Green’s (house), at the doctor’s (office)

2) OF 结构表示所有关系

A. 无生命的名词用of

the price of the success

B. 有生命的名词被一个短语或从句修饰而表示所有关系时用of

Can’t you look at the book of the boy behind you?

3)双重所有格

‘s 与of结构并用，此时of结构所修饰的名词前通常有a, an, two, some, that等

Miss Smith is a friend of Mary’s mother’s.

that brother of the girl

4)名词+ 名词（名词用作形容词）

A. 单数名词＋名词 a shoe (flower) shop ticket office

NOTICE: the tailor’s (shop)

B. 复数名词＋名词

sports meet clothes shop women pilots

二、数词

1、数词在使用时应注意的问题：

●易错数词：

●年月日及介词

●计算用词

●和数字相关的词

2、综合

1) 数字表达：123,856,709

one hundred and twenty-three million, eight hundred and

fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and nine

2) 年月日in the morning; on the morning of September 1;

in September; in 1988; on September 1 (on the first of September)

3、计算

＋Six and five is (are) eleven.

Six hundred plus forty is (equals) six hundred and forty.

－Four from seven is (leaves) three.

Six hundred minus one hundred equals five hundred.

X16 x 11 = 176

Sixteen times eleven is (makes) one hundred and seventy-six.

÷9 ÷3 = 3

Nine divided by three equals three.

4、dozen, score

A. three dozen eggs; three dozen of these eggs; dozens of eggs

B. three score years; a (three) score of people; scores of times

5、小数，分数，百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题．

分数和百分数引导的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定．如果是可数名词的复数，其谓语动词用复数形式；如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式．

More than 40 percent of the students wear glasses.

70 percent od the fund(资金) was supplied by the Government.

6、“一个半．．．”的表达法．

one pound and a half ,one and a half years

三、冠词

１、冠词应注意的问题

●习惯用法

●同一名词前不同名词的比较

２、不定冠词

1) 成对的名词（此类名词间常有一种自然的联系）

a knife and fork

2) a most + n. “非常“ This is a most beautiful country.

3) a (an) 与one 之区别

A. 数字对比用one It was one coffee we ordered, not two.

B. 对比 A knife is no good.(刀子不行）

One knife is no good.(一把刀子不行）

C. 通用 a (one) million, a (one) quarter

4) a (an) 与every 之比较: three times a year; twice every three years

5) 惯用法 A. What a surprise ! What a lovely dress !

quite a nice day rather a good idea

such a funny expression

B. too cold a day How lovely a dress!

so strange a person as good a map as

3、定冠词

1）普通名词组成的专有名词the Great Wall the Summer Palace

2）江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾the Pacific (Ocean)

3）the + adj. (-ing; -ed)

A. 指一类人，谓语用复数

The old are being taken good care of.

B. 指一类事，谓语用单数

The beautiful is not always the same as the good.

4）用在radio, piano, telephone, 方位、次序、自然现象（rain）、身体部位前He hates the telephone.

5）被定语从句、介词短语、副词短语、不定式短语等修饰的名词前

The boy who you are looking for (in blue, there, standing there,

dressed in blue ) is a student.

4、零冠词

1）街道、广场、节假日、季节、月份、星期、棋类、球类等

National Day Nanjing Road

2）职位充当补语、同位语时

He was elected headmaster of the school.

3）成对出现的成语

arm in arm (手挽手), hand in hand (手牵手), face to face,

side by side(肩并肩), day and night, young and old,

from door to door, from morning till night, from beginning to end 5、冠词比较

1)go to school (hospital, church); in prison (强调用途）

go to the school, visit the prison (强调建筑物本身）

2) I’ll go there next Friday.(以说话时间为准）

In 1989, he was 28, and the next year, he was 29. (以所给时间为准）

3) by air (plane, boat…) in a spaceship ( on the bike, on the bus)

4) Open the window to let in fresh air. (泛指)

The air in the room is not fresh. (特指)

5) be at table be at the table

6) a cup of coffee Two coffees, please. I like white coffee.

This is a very good coffee. The coffee on the table is Tom’s.

7) Mr. White is waiting to see you. A Mr. White is waiting to see you.

The Mr. White you are looking for is waiting to see you.

8) A horse is a useful animal. The horse is a useful animal.

Horses are useful animals.

9) the best season of the year the best time of year

EXERCISES 1 （单选）

1.---I’d like information about the management of your hotel, please.

---Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful.

A. some, a

B. an, some

C. some, some

D. an, a

2. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to have a .

A. message

B. letter

C. sentence

D. notice

3. He dropped the and broke it. A. cup of coffee

B. coffee’s cup

C. cup for coffee

D. coffee cup

4. There are only twelve in the hospital. A. woman doctors

B. women doctors

C. women doctor

D. woman doctor

5. ---How many does a cow have? ---Four.

A. stomaches

B. stomach

C. stomachs

D.stomachines

6. The of the building are covered with lots of . (AADBCA)

A. roofs, leaves

B.rooves, leafs

C. roof, leaf

D.roofs, leafs

7.That was a fifty engine. A. horse power

B. horses power

C. horse powers

D. horses powers

8. ---How far away is it from here to your school? ---It’s about .

A. half an hour’s drive

B. half hours drives

C. half an hour drives

D. half an hour drive

9. Last week I called at my .

A. aunt

B. aunts

C. aunt’s

D. aunts’s

10. You’ll find this map of great in helping you to get round London.

A. price

B. cost

C. usefulness

D. value

11. Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.

A.不填

B. a

C. the

D.one

12. ---Where’s Jack ? ---I think he’s still in bed but he might just be in bathroom.

A.不填，不填

B. the, the

C. the, 不填

D. 不填，the (AACDCD)

13. Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places. A. the, the

B. 不填，不填

C. the, 不填

D.不填，the

14.She is newcomer to chemistry bust she has already made some

important discoveries.

A. the, the

B. the, 不填

C. a, 不填

D. a, the

15. ---Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.

---Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

A. a, the

B. the, the

C. a, a

D. the, a

16. Paper money was in use in China when Marco Polo visited the

country in thirteenth centry.

A. the, 不填

B. 不填, the

C. the, the

D. 不填, 不填

17.The warmth of sweater will of course be determined by the sort of

wool used.

A. the, the

B. the, 不填

C. 不填, the

D.不填, 不填

18.Summers in south of France are for most part dry and sunny.

A. 不填, a

B. the, 不填

C. 不填, 不填

D. the, the (CCCBBD)

19．A rough estimate, Nigeria is__________ Great Britain. （05上海卷）( D)

A. three times the size as

B. the size three times of

C. three times as the size of

D. three times the size of

20．He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _______ was seen at its best when he worked with others. （05上海卷）(D)

A. temper

B. appearance

C. talent

D. character

21．I am sure David will be able to find the library — he has a pretty good _______ of direction. （05浙江卷）(D)

A．idea B．feeling C．experience D．sense

22．Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______.

（05天津卷）(C)

A. ability

B. force

C. strength

D. mind

23．My ______ of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends. （05安徽卷）(A)

A. idea

B. opinion

C. mind

D. thought

24．The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has ____ all over the country. （05辽宁卷）(B) A．companies B．branches C．organizations D．businesses

25．It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ______ journey.（05北京春）（C）

A. three-hour

B. a three hour

C. a three-hour

D. three hours

26．Students should be encouraged to use ___ Internet as ____ resource.

（08山东）A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. the; the D. the; a

D the internet 表示一类事物，a resource表示是资源的一种。

EXERCISES 2 (改错，每句一个错）

1.After one year hard work, the Senior Three students have already pre-

pared themselves for the entrance exam. ( year’s)

2. More and more middle-aged people in the West have heart’s trouble,

which results from high-fat food they like to eat. (heart)

3. You can get your library card in the teacher reading-room, which is on the

second floor. (teachers’)

4. His hairs looked disordered, with some gray hair on his forehead.

(hairs---------第二个)

5.Now I eat more fruits and vegetables than I used to. My favorite fruits are

apples, bananas and grapes. (fruit------第一个)

6. The lady entered a room, opened windows to let the fresh air in, and

sat down in an armchair to have a rest. ( the windows)

7.Miss Nora is young, nice, kind and active. She is the teacher young

students like. ( a teacher)

8.They elected him the captain of the school football team for a second

time. (captain , 去掉the )

9.He is fond of playing chess while his sister is fond of playing piano.

( the piano)

10. No human being can change the law of the nature, though they can

change their own lives. (nature, 去掉the)

二、非谓语动词

动词不定式

一、不定式在句子中的作用

主语

A. It is(was) + adj.(n.) + to do sth

B. It + vt. + n.(pron.) + to do sth

It’s often difficult for me to decided what to do .

It made us very angry to hear him talk like that.

表语

A. 表示预定要发生的动作或未来的可能性或假设

B. 说明主语的内容

C. 用于正式的指示或命令

He is to return from Paris tomorrow.

My job is to wash plates.

Three tablets are to be taken twice a day.

宾语

A. 接动词不定式做宾语(afford, agree, decide, expect, happen,

hope, wish, refuse, etc.)

They expected to see the boss soon.

B. Subj. + vt. + it + adj.(n.) to do sth.

Do you consider it better not to go ?

宾语补足语

基本结构：Subj. + vt. + sb. + to do sth.

(allow, ask, order, want, expect, force, etc)

They expected the girl to succeed in the examination.

状语

表示目的、结果和原因等

We live to serve the people.

Let’s hurry so as not to be late for the meeting.

What have I said to make you so excited ?

We jumped with joy to hear the news.

定语

A. 动宾关系(不定式修饰的词是不定式动作逻辑上的宾语)

Do you have anything more to say? (n. + to do.)

There is nothing to worry about. (n. + to vi + prep.)

Let’s find a room to put the bike in. (n. + to vt+ n. +p.)

We haven’t a chair to be seated in. (n.+ to be v-ed +p.)

I have a letter to write.

I have a pen to write with.

I have no ink to write in.

I have no paper to write on.

B. 主谓关系(不定式修饰的词是不定式逻辑上的主语)

He isn’t a man to bow before difficulties.

She was the first person to think of the idea.

C.纯粹定语 (被修饰词通常是time, way等）

It’s time to go home.

Is that the best way to solve the problem?

二、TO代替整个动词不定式

当动词不定式重复前面的某个动词时，可以使用to代替，而省略该动词。

I went there because I wanted to (go).

I don’t dance much now, but I used to (dance) a lot.

Anyone who wants to (go for a walk) can go for a walk round Aswan.

三、“TO”的省略

①感觉动词、使役动词后面的to 常省略，但是被动语态中的to 不能省略

②两个动词不定式由and、or、but、than、except 等连接在一起时，第

二个不定式常常省略to

I’d like to lie down and go to sleep.

I’ll do anything but work on a farm.

Do you want to have lunch now or wait till later?

It’s easier to persuade people than (to) force them.

③口语中，在come、go、run、hurry up等动词后，可用and代替表示目

的的动词不定式

Come and have a drink.

Would you go and tell them to shut up?

④had better (not ) do sth.

⑤would rather do sth (than do sth)

He’d rather watch TV than go to see a film.

⑥prefer to do sth rather than do sth

Rather than wait, he prefers to go home on foot.

⑦Why (not) do sth?

四、动词不定式的复合结构

①for sb to do sth

It’s a mistake for us not to help them.

The coffee was too hot for me to drink.

②It’s + adj. + of sb to do sth

(kind, nice, brave, stupid, clever, etc.)

It’s kind of you to think so much of me.

五、be + adj. + to do (sth)

①be + v-ed + to do sth

I was very pleased to see you yesterday.

②subj. + be + adj. + to do (vt.)

(不定式逻辑上的宾语是句子主语)

The question is easy to answer.

She’s nice to talk to.

It’s not a bad place to live in.

六、enough，too，so as to 等

①adj. + enough (for sb) to do sth

He isn’t old enough to go to school.

②too…(for sb) to do sth

The apple is too high for us to pick.

NOTICE:

I’m too glad to see you.

He’s too ready to help you.

③so as (not) to do sth. / in order (not) to do

I got up early in order not to be late.

He worked hard so as not to fail the exam.

④so …as to do sth

Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?

七、动词不定式的时态

①不定式与谓语动作同时发生或不定式后发生，动词不定式用一般时态。

They invited us to go there next week.

②动词不定式先于谓语动作发生，动词不定式用完成时态。

He’s said to have written a new novel.

I’m sorry not to have come on Wednesday.

③谓语动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行，动词不定式用进行式。

They’re said to be building a bridge.

We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.

八、动词不定式的被动式

①含被动的一般情况

She ought to be told about it.

Nothing seems to have been forgotten.

This form is to be filled in in ink.

②there be后可用主动的或被动的动词不定式

There’s a lot of work to do (to be done).

③to be seen, to be found等常用在be 之后

He was nowhere to be seen ( found).

④to blame常用于表示被动的意思“受责怪”

Nobody was to blame for the accident.

三、代词

一、人称代词

1、多个人称代词的排列顺序：

①you and I ②he and I ③you and he

④you, he and I ⑤you, they and we(情况多)

2、It 的用法

①代替this, that

That’s a book, isn’t it ?

②做某动作的人或婴儿

---Someone is coming. Who can it be ?

---It may be Jack.

It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?

③表示时间、距离、自然现象

It’s 20 miles to (from) Paris.

3、简略回答中用so, not, it 的情况：

①肯定答语中，下列动词后面常用so:

think, hope, believe, I’m afraid, It seems (appears), etc.

---Is it true that he had a heart attack?

---I’m afraid so. / I believe so. / It seems so.

②否定答语中用not:

---Has Anne got into university?

---I’m afraid not. / I think not. / It seems not.

③协力动词中也可以用not…so:

believe, think, suppose, expect, etc

I don’t believe so. / I don’t think so.

④do代替上下文动词，并且表示一个已完成的动作时，

do后常用so / it:

---Please lay the table.

---I’ve just done so (it).

二、指示代词

★that, one, it的区别

①one 代替可数名词，表示泛指; the one 表示特指; that代替不可数名

词，表示特指; 它们都可以代替前面提到的同一类事物; it指前面提到的同一事物。

●There is an old engineer and a young one here.

●His attitude to me is that of a friend.

●I’ve lost my pen. Have you seen it? (Have you lend me one?)

②the / this / that / these / those + adj. + one / ones

I’ll try on a few of these shirts. Please pass me that white one.

③the one后面可以接介词短语或定语从句

●The boy in your class is taller than the one in our class.

●The skirt (that) she made herself is more beautiful to wear than

the one(that) she bought last year.

④one 不能代替前面提到的不可数名词

Don’t use powdered milk. Use this fresh milk. (不可用fresh one)

⑤those , ones

●These machines are better than those we made last year.

●---I’d like a pound of apples.

---Which ones?

---The red (ones).

●---Why don’t we take a little break ?

---Didn’t we just have ? (NMET2000)

A. it

B. that

C. one

D. this (C)

三、物主代词

1、名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语，不能作定语

This is my cup. Yours is the one that’s green.

These things are mine. Those are theirs.

2、名词性物主代词与of 结构连用

That brother of yours looks healthy.

He is an old friend of mine.

3、下列结构用the 代替物主代词

He pulled Jack by the hair (arm).

He was wounded in the leg.

He was blind in the right eye.

四、反身代词

1、加强语气（可前可后）

The headmaster spoke to me himself.

→The headmaster himself spoke to me.

●Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business better

than they knew it .

A. themselves

B. oneself

C. itself

D. himself

(NMET 1996) (A) 2、own：反身代词无所有格形式，用own 表达：

I’d love to have my own room / a room of my own.

五、不定代词

1、every each

①every指时间: every other day,

every three days = every third day

②each放在复数主谓语之间:

We each have a book.

③each放在句尾:

She gave her children an apple each.

2、some- any- every- no-

①作单数看: Is there anyone here who is a doctor?

②不与of 连用: 不说someone of; no one of. etc

可说some one of; none of, etc.

③＋adj. / to do (vt.): Is there anything for me to sit on ?

④＋else: This isn’t mine. It’s someone else’s.

3、some any

①表示请求、建议的问句用some

Would you like some (more) coffee ?

②some + n.(singl.)

You will realize it some day.

③any在肯定句中表示任何一个（无论哪个）

Any child can answer that.

Give me a plate. Any one (plate) will do.

④any (some) of ＋限定词＋n.

some of the oil , any of my water

4、both all

①常用于助动词或情感动词后，但在简答中放在前面

●The girls are both ready.

●--- Are you ready ? --- Yes, we both (all) are.

②放在作宾语的宾格代词后面

He gave some to us all (both).

③all单独用，指人时谓语用用复数；指物时谓语用单数

●All is lost. ●All are here.

5、either neither

①either…or; neither…nor 作主语，谓语的使用是邻近原则

Neither he nor I am going to London.

②作定语，修饰单数名词

Neither (Either) book is satisfactory.

6、another (the) other (the) others

①another另外的，另一个的

Please show me another (one).

Do you need another cup ?

②another ＋基数词(few) ＋n.

I need another three days. (three more days)

③(the) other (＋n.) (the) other

the other six (persons) / the others/ the other day

7、(a) few (a) little

①few 的搭配

●We had a good few letter this morning(很多).

●Not a few letters were written to the magazines. (不少)

●---How many do you want ?

---Just a few, please. (不多)

quite a few (相当多）

only a few(只有几个，几乎没有）

②little 的搭配

●There’s only a little soup left.

●---How much do you want ?

---Just a little, please.

8、much many

①(much /far) too much far too many

Your son got much (far) too much pocket money.

There are far too many accidents at this crossing.

②much修饰●形容词和副词的比较级或最高级

●比较级＋不可数名词

There’s much / far less water in the river than usual.

many修饰“比较级+ 可数名词复数”

There are many / far more people than I expected.

9、全部否定与部分否定

①全部否定用词

neither nothing no one nobody none

②not与all, both, every, every- 连用时表示部分否定

Not all his work is successful.

EXERCISE 1 (单选)

1．I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with .

A. everything

B. anything

C. something

D. nothing

2. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like

to read stories by writers from countries.

A. some, any

B. other, some

C. some, other

D. other, other

3. I hate when people talk with their mouths full.

A. it

B. that

C. these

D. them

4. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can’t remember .

A. where

B. there

C. which

D. that

5. ---Are the new rules working ? ---Yes. books are stolen.

A. Few

B. More

C. Some

D. None

6. Few pleasures can equal of a cool drink on a hot day.

A. some

B. that

C. any

D. those

7. ---Why don’t we take a little break ? --- Didn’t we just have ?

A. it

B. one

C. that

D. this (ACACABB)

8.It is the ability to do the job matters not where you come from or

what you are. A. one B. what C. that D. it

9.The Pakers bought a new house but will need a lot of work before

they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which

10. ---Do you want tea or coffee ? --- . I really don’t mind.

A. Both

B. None

C. Either

D. Neither

11.Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank

needs for the poor.

A. more

B. much

C. many

D. most

12. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have .

A. it

B. there

C. them

D. one

13.---When shall we meet again ? ---Make it day you like; it’s all

the same to me. A. one B. any C. another D. so

14. If this dictionary is not yours, can it be ?

A. what else

B. who else

C. which else’s

D. who else’s (CBCADBD)

15.They were all very tired, but of them would stop to take a rest.

A. any

B. some

C. none

D. neither

16. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, was true.

A. he

B. this

C. which

D. who

17. It doesn’t matter whether there is only coffee or tea. will do.

A. Any

B. Both

C. Either

D. Neither

18. He had little money, so he didn’t lend me .

A. some

B. it

C. much

D. any

19. Money doesn’t mean . A. everything

B. anything

C. any thing

D. something

20. In this small town, knows .

A. anybody, somebody

B. everybody, nobody

C.everybody,every

D.somebody,anybody

(CCCDAC)

EXERCISE 2 (改错，每句一错）

1. Everything is better than nothing. (Anything is / Something is)

2. ---What’s on the table? ---No one. ( None →Nothing)

---How many books are on the table? ---None.

3. These shirts are expensive, but which we saw the other day were more

expensive. (but those we saw)

4. ---Do you have a camera ?

---No, but my father has it. He bought it a week ago. (has one)

5. When it discovers good flowers, a bee flies back to the hive and tells

others. It does this by dancing for them. (tells the others)

6. ---I’d like some coffee.

---Sorry, there’s nothing at the moment. (there’s none)

7. ---Here we have noodles, rice, dumplings and so on. What would you

like ? --- Everything is OK. (Anything is OK.)

8. Mary sends both you her love. (both of you)

9. Everybody has got two personalities-----the one that is shown to the

world and another that is secret and real. (and the other)

10.I was the first person in my family who would attend a university, and I

knew how proud my parents were, but it was impossible for him to

finance my education. ( for them to…)

四、形容词、副词、介词

一、形容词

1、多个形容词得排列顺序：

限定词（冠词、物主代词、所有格、序数词）+ 基数词+ 描述性形容词+ 大小新旧+ 颜色+ 产地+ 物质（材料、用途）+ 名词

a beautiful new red dress a little brown box

2、系动词+ adj. ( 除be 外的其它连系动词）

The cake looks good but it tastes awful.

3、subj. + be + adj. + to do (vt.)

The man is easy to get along with.

The bed is too small for him to lie on.

4、It is (was) + adj. + of (for) sb. to do sth.

下列形容词后用of: good, kind, nice, brave, clever, careless, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, etc.

其它形容词后用for

5、the more of the two

He is the stronger of the two brothers.

6、倍数

three times as big as

This room is twice bigger than that one.

three times the size of

7、比较级和最高级的被修饰

①比较级可以被下列词修饰：much, far, any, even, still, rather, a little,

a lot, a bit, no, by far

It’s no use asking me. I don’t know any more than you.

②最高级可以被下列词修饰：much, the very, by far

This cake ought to be good, because I used the very best butter

二、副词

1、程度副词(quite, rather, fairly)

★quite: 不修饰比较级，但: He is quite better.

●表示程度，和可显示程度的词连用，如：old, interesting, polite,

tired, etc.

●类似completely(完全地)和absolutely(绝对地)，和下列词连用，

如：perfect, impossible, different, etc.此时，可修饰adj., adv.,

v.,等.The job is quite impossible.

That’s not quite what I want.

★rather: 可与比较级及too 连用rather older, rather too many people

●rather than表示选择，“宁愿（前面）不愿（后面）”

I’d prefer to go in August rather than in July.

I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.

●or rather 表示“更确切地说“

I’ll meet him, or rather, I’ll ask him to meet me.

★fairly：不可与比较级连用，与积极意义的词连用

●强弱程度的顺序：

very →rather →quite →fairly →not

This film is very good. (rather good 胜过多数影片;

quite good 值得一看; fairly good 勉强还可以看看)

2、频度副词(often, usually, always, ever, never, seldom, hardly 等放在

行为动词前、系动词及助动词后

He is always making a joke.

●never, hardly, seldom等放在句首时，用倒装

Never have I seen anything so wonderful as that.

●简答中频度副词放在助动词及系动词前

---He is late again. ---Yes, he always is.

3、too much much too

●too much ①＋不可数名词，意思“太多”

I drank (far much, a lot , a little, rather) too much beer last night.

②作adv. You work too much.

③作pro. Too much was happening all at once.

●much too ＋adj. “实在太…”

You are much too kind to me.

3、形近词

●①deep / deeply deep into the night (the woods, the future)

be deeply moved (hurt, sorry) deeply regret

②late / lately / later / latest arrive (come) late

What have you been doing lately ?

③near / nearly go (come, live) near nearly finished (midnight)

④loud / loudly / aloud

●--adj. --adv.

an early train a fast driver hard work a deep hole

arrive early drive fast work hard drink deep

EXERCISE 1 （单选）

1.I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) trick.

A. ordinary

B. easy

C. smart

D. simple

2. It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, if you don’t speak

the language. A. especially B. naturally C. basically D. extremely

3. If I had , I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.

A. an enough long holiday

B. a long enough holiday

C. a holiday enough long

D. a long holiday enough

4. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is known for

his plays. A. better B. more C. the best D. the most

5. Wait till you are more . It’s better to be sure than sorry.

A. inspired

B. certain

C. calm

D. satisfied

6. It is generally believed that teaching is it is a science.

A. an art much as

B. much an art as

C. as an art much as

D. as much an art as (DABABD)

7. Can you believe that in a rich country there should be many poor

people? A. such, such B. such, so C. so, so D. so, such

8. It takes a long time to go there by train; it’s by road.

A. quick

B. the quickest

C. much quick

D. quicker

9. If there were no examinations, we should have at school.

A. the happiest time

B. a more happier time

C. much happiest time

D. a much happier time

10. How beautifully she sings ! I have never heard .

A. the better voice

B. a good voice

C. the best voice

D. a better voice

11. ---If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.

---OK, but do you have size in blue? This one’s a bit tight for me.

A. big

B. a bigger

C. the big

D. the bigger

12. ---Would you like some wine ? ---Yes, just .

A. little

B. very little

C. a little

D. little bit

13. Canada is larger than country in Africa.

A. any

B. other

C. any other

D. another (BDDDBCA)

14. –- Mum, I think I’m to get back to school. ---Not really, my dear. You’d better stay at

home for another day or two.

A. so well

B. so good

C. well enough

D. good enough

15. ---How was your recent visit to Qingdao ? ---It was great. We

visited some friends, and spent the days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny

B. last few sunny

C. last sunny few

D. few sunny last

16. They produced 20% grain this year than they did last year.

A. much

B. little

C. a little

D. more

17. ---How does Amy like her new school? ---Fine. And she’s

doing in her course. A. extremely good

B. extreme good

C. extremely well

D. extreme well

18. We have tried to persuade him to go with us.

A. possible everything almost

B. almost everything possible

C. everything almost possible

D. almost possible everything

19. Ann’s work was . A. as good as, if not better than ours

B. the best, if not better than ours

C. as well as, if not better than, ours

D. as good as, if not better than, ours (CBDCBD)

EXERCISE 2 (改错，每句一错）

1. The salad tasted so well that my brother returned to the salad bar for

another helping. (so good that)

2. We spent a perfect day at the beach because the ocean was real calm

and the sun wasn’t too hot. (was really calm)

3. John always arrives lately for his chemistry class even though he leaves

his dormitory in plenty of time. (arrive late)

4. Mary is the more capable of all the girls who are from the South.

( the most capable of)

5. I like black coffee so much because the stronger it is, I like it the better.

( very much)

6. If you go highly enough above the earth, you will find the air is too thin

to support your life. (go high enough)

7. She spoke with such a strong accent that we could hard understand it.

(could hardly understand) 8. The governor has not already decided how to deal with the new problem

about pollution. (has not yet decided)

9. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and

this is specially true when it comes to classroom tests. (is especially) 10. There was nothing more to do, so I went to bed earlier than usually.

( than usual) 11.Let’s meet direct after lunch, then I’ll take you direct to your room.

( meet directly after)

12. Jane speaks Chinese as well as, if no better than, any of the other

students in her class. (if not better)

13. One evening, while I was walking along the road, a poor boy was found

deadly by the roadside, which made me terrified. (dead)

14. It was very late to save the drowning boy, he had gone down for the

third time. ( too late )

15. Of the two lectures, the first was by far the best one, partly because the

person who delivered it had such a pleasant voice. (the better one)

五、动名词

一、只能接动名词作宾语的动词

?下列动词后只能接动名词作宾语：

advise, avoid, admit, can’t help, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, mind, miss,

practise, suggest, escape, appreciate, imagine, excuse, celebrate, etc.

Imagine not knowing the answer to such an easy question.

I’m considering accepting your proposal.

二、V. + to + v.-ing

?下列含介词to 的短语动词后接v.-ing:

look forward to, be used to, refer to, lead to, stick to, pay attention to,

devote to, prefer doing to, object to, etc.

I look forward to seeing you very much.

三、可接v.-ing的其它词

?在as well as, any /some / no use (good), like, than等词后可接v.-ing:

Why not do something useful, like cleaning the flat?

As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.

四、带逻辑主语的动名词

?通常由物主代词或名词所有格+ v.-ing构成，在口语中有时也用宾格代词或名词+ v.-ing构成，但作主语时，不能用后者。

I hope you don’t mind my telling you all this.

The storm delayed the ships leaving the harbor.

五、动名词的主动表示被动

?下列动词后接主动的动名词但是表达被动意义：

need, want, require, be worth

The bike needs (wants, requires) repairing. (to be repaired)

The film is well worth seeing.

六、动名词的语态和时态

?动名词的动作发生在谓语动作前，动名词用完成时；根据情况用被动形式：Everyone dislikes being laughed at.

You mentioned having been in hospital last year.

He said he didn’t mind having been left at home.

七、能接不定式和动名词的动词

?forget (remember)

I’ll never forget seeing the play in Paris.

Don’t forget to call me when you get home.

?stop

He stopped to look at the map.

Why did you stop working?

?regret

I regret to say that I cannot help you.

I don’t regret telling him what I thought.

?go on

He went on working without taking a rest

After reading the text, he went on to write.

?mean

I mean to leave tomorrow.

I won’t wait if it means delaying two weeks.

?like (love, hate, dislike)

I like swimming but I don’t like to swim in the swimming-pool.

?try

Try and (to) challenge the champion.

I tried sending her flowers but it didn’t have any effect.

?begin (start)

(通常接不定式和动名词一样，但是下列情况用to do)

It began to rain. (自然现象）

She began to understand what he really wanted. （心理情况）

She was beginning to get away. （begin用进行时）

八、其它词的情况

?be afraid

I’m afraid to tell her . (怕而不敢)

I’m afraid of telling her. (怕而不愿)

?allow, advise, forbid, permit, consider

We don’t allow people to smoke here. (allow sb. to do sth.)

We don’t allow smoking in the room. (allow doing sth.)

He is considered to have done that.

比较：

mind doing sth;mind sb’s doing sth

九、v.-ing属于分词的情况

?do + v.-ing go + v.-ing

do 与v.-ing 之间一般要有一个“限定词”

do some shopping, do a lot of running,

do much reading

go + v.-ing 中，v.-ing通常是体育娱乐活动

go boating / climbing /dancing / shopping

?catch sb doing sth 撞见，发觉

send sb doing sth (逼)使某人…做…

The teacher caught him sleeping in class.

The earthquake sent him rushing out of the room.

十、重要的介词+v.-ing

?in doing sth. (when-clause)

?on doing sth. (as soon as-caluse)

?by doing sth.

?without doing sth (if-clause)

六、介词

1．be + adj. + prep.

be good at, be afraid of, be anxious about (of), be kind to, be fit for, etc.

2. be + v.-ed + prep.

be satisfied with, be worried about, be surprised at, be pleased at (by) 3. v. + prep.

agree with (to / on), apologize for, arrive at (in), believe in, depend on 4. v. + n. + prep.

pay attention to, take part in, make use of, have a word with

5. v. + adv. + prep.

go on with, go in for, go ahead with, keep up with, make up for