词汇学答案
2009年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
英语词汇学试题
课程代码：00832
Ⅰ. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）
1. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（A）1.1-6
A. meaning
B. sound
C. combination of sounds
D. group
2. The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（C）1.3-8
A. more slowly than
B. as quickly as
C. more rapidly than
D. not so quickly as
3. Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（A）1.5-11
A. use frequency
B. notion
C. origin
D. sound
4. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.
（B）.2.3-30
A. green revolution
B. fast food
C. moon walk
D. space shuttle
5. Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. （B）.2.4-31
A. form
B. meaning
C. look
D. pronunciation
6. Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance,
in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（D）.2.4-32
A. four
B. fell
C. for
D. autumn
7. The plural morpheme “-s”is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______
（B）3.2-38
A. /t/
B. /g/
C. /p/
D. /k/
8. There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.（C）
3.3.1-39
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
9. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.（A）3.3.2-41
A. works
B. prewar
C. postwar
D. bloody
10. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.
（B）4-45 A. compounding B. affixation
C. conversion
D. shortening
11. The word “motel” is created by ______.（C）4.4-63
A. compounding
B. clipping
C. blending
D. suffixation
12. “BBC” is formed in the way of ______.（A）4.6-66
A. acronymy
B. clipping
C. back-formation
D. prefixation
13. The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.（D）.5.3-87
A. grammatical meaning
B. conceptual meaning
C. associative meaning
D. literal meaning
14. By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.
（D）.5.2.4-85
A. onomatopoeic
B. morphological
C. semantic
D. etymological
15. ______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.
（B）.5.1.2-82 A. Reference B. Concept
C. Sense
D. Motivation
16. Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.
（D）.6.6-119
A. word formation
B. word meaning
C. meaning change
D. sense relations
17. When a word is first coined, it is always ______.（C）6.1-95
A. semantic
B. onomatopoeic
C. monosemic
D. polysemic
18. The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas
the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.（B）6.3.4-109
A. ire/anger
B. rich/wealthy
C. forlorn/distressed
D. bliss/happiness
19. Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words
were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.（A）7-134
A. senses
B. forms
C. dialects
D. terms
20. The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” and even “photographs”（A）7.1.1-135 A. extension B. elevation
C. narrowing
D. degradation
21. In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.”, the word
“respectable” is used in the ______ sense of transfer.（B）7.1.4-140
A. subjective
B. objective
C. sensational
D. physical
22. Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context?（D.8.2-155
A. Elimination of ambiguity.
B. Indication of referents.
C. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.
D. Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.
23. The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.” is ambiguous due to ______.（ B）.8.2.1-155
A. grammatical context
B. polysemy
C. antonymy
D. hyponymy
24. In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a
sou’Wester usually brings rain.”, the meaning of “sou’wester” can be inferred from the clue of ______.（C）.8.2.3-158
A. relevant details
B. synonymy
C. antonymy
D. hyponymy
25. The idiom “toss and turn” is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are
concerned.
（A）9.3.2-173 A. alliteration B. metaphor
C. metonymy
D. rhyme
26. Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms?（C）9.9-165
A. Sentence idioms.
B. Idioms adverbial in nature.
C. Clausal idioms.
D. Idioms nominal in nature.
27. The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.（D）9.3.3-176
A. replacement
B. addition
C. shortening
D. repetition
28. Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.（B）
10-184
A. spelling
B. syntactical usage
C. pronunciation
D. definition
29. As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most
elaborately treated one（A）10.3.3-202
A. A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)
B. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese Translation
C. A New English-Chinese Dictionary
D. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation
30. Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.（C）10.1.4-188
A. unabridged
B. desk
C. specialized
D. encyclopedic
Ⅱ. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer;
2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function of
affixes. (10%)
A B
（C. transfer of sensations）31. She burst into passionate sobbing. A.
juxtaposition9.3.2-174
（I. associated transfer）32. He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B. notional word 1.5.2-16
（G. functional word）33. and C. transfer of sensations 7.1.4-143
（H. inflectional affix）34. the man’s coat D. abstract to concrete7.1.4-144
（A. juxtaposition）35. here and there E. derivational affix3.3.2-41
（B. notional word）36. moon F. alliteration 9.3.2-173
（F. alliteration）37. rough and ready G. functional word 1.5.2-16
（E. derivational affix）38. ex-prisoner H. inflectional affix3.3.2-41
（J. rhyme）39. fair and square I. associated transfer7.2.1-140
（D. abstract to concrete）40. Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J.
rhyme9.3.2-173
Ⅲ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）
41. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a _meaningful_______ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.1.1-6
42. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: _creation_______, semantic change and borrowing.2.4-31
43. We might say that free morphemes are free _roots_______.3.3.1-39
44. The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called
___affixation_____. 4.1-46
45. Semantic ___motivation_____ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. 5.2.3-85
46. Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully _identical_______ with regard to spelling and pronunciation. 6.2.3-102
47. Vocabulary is the most _unstable_______ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.7-134
48. Ambiguity often arises due to _polysemy_______ and homonymy.8.2.1-155
49. Idioms consist of set _phrases_______ and short sentences.9-162
50. Monolingual dictionaries are written in __one______ language.10.1.1-184
Ⅳ. Define the following terms.（10%）
51. Morpheme 3.1-38
答案：
T he morpheme is ‘the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words'.
52. Homonym 6.2-100
答案：
Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling.
53. connotation 5.3.2-87
答案：
connotative meaning refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning, traditionally known as connotations.
54. Elevation 7.1.3-138
答案：
Elevation or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.
55. Idiom 9-162
答案：
Idiom are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individual elements.
Ⅴ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）
56. As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words? 2.3-30
答案：
Generally, there are three main sources of new words：the rapid development of modern science and technology; social, economic and political changes; the influence of other cultures and
languages.
57. What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point.
4.2.1-52
答案：
Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. For instance, “a green hand
is an ‘inexperienced person’, not a hand that is green in colour.
58. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the
characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example. 6.4-112
Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.
答案：
False. Contrary terms are gradable anttonyms, differing in degree of intensity. Antonyms of Contrary terms are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes. Antonyms such as rich /poor，old/young, big /small represent two points at both ends of the pole. The two opposites are gradable and one exists in comparison with the other. We can say:A man is rich or very rich；one man is richer than the other. Sue’s house is big and Mary’s house is small; Sue’s house is bigger than Mary’s. This shows semantic relativity. Sue’s house is relatively big,compared with Ma ry’s house, Mary’s house may be relatively big now than before, considering the fact that there are fewer people living with her- This is obviously subjective and depends on the speaker’s atti tude.
59. How do you account for the context function as indication of referents? 8.2.2-156-157
答案：
English has a large number of words such as now/ then, here/ there, I/you, this/ that, which are often used to refer directly to people, time, place, etc. Without clear context, the reference can be very confusing. For example, the word now always means the time of speaking, naturally referring to a past time when the speech took place in the past or a present moment if the person is speaking. It is the same with all referring expressions. Even a phrase like the Prime Minister may bring about ambiguity without adequate verbal context, for it can be used to refer to any of the Prime Ministers in British history.
Ⅵ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）60. Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. —“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”—“Long time no sea.” the customer replied. 6.2.4-102
答案：
As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly homophones, they are often employed to create puns for desired effect of, say, humour, sarcasm or ridicule.
Long time no see is usually said as a form of greeting between two friends when they meet after a long time. Here the customer cleverly employed the structure of the idiom to his advantage to criticize in a humorous way the bad quality of the food served at the restaurant. Long time no sea implies that “sea food kept for a long time is not fit for eating.”
61. Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below. 7.2.2-144
（1）gold, bulb;
（2）deer, beast, animals;
（3）fortuitous, fruition.
答案：
(1) internal factors: The change of meaning may be caused by internal factors within the
language system. One type of such change occurs when a phrase is shortened to one word which reta ins the meaning of the whole, e.g. gold is used for ‘gold medal’, and bulb for ‘light bulb’,
(2) the influx: The influx of borrowings has caused some words to change in meaning. For instance,
deer formerly meant animal, and later animal from Latin and beast from French found their way into English. As the three terms were synonymous, animal retained the original meaning, the meaning of deer was narrowed and beast changed in colour.
(3) analogy: Finally, the change of meaning is brought about by analogy. Fortuitous formerly
denoted ‘happening by chance’, ‘accidenta l and later took on the meaning ‘fortunate’ probably by analogy because the two words look similar. It is the same with fruition, the original meaning being ‘a pleasure obtained from using or possessing something’，which had nothing to do with fruit. Its meaning of ‘the bearing of fruit’ was due to the later association with the word fruit.
2009年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
英语词汇学试题
课程代码：00832
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose
the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. Words may fall into native words and borrowed words by ______.（C）1.5-11
A. use frequency
B. notion
C. origin
D. sound
2. Which of the following words does NOT belong to jargon? （A）1.5.1-13
A. Orchestra.
B. Bottom line.
C. Ballpark figures.
D. Bargaining chips.
3. In the sentence “It is fun to play with children.”, there are ______ content words. （ B ）
1.5.2-16
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
4. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ______.
（B）2.3-30
A. open heart surgery
B. fast food
C. moon walk
D. space shuttle
5. Reviving archaic words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance,
the Americans use “sick” for ______ in British English. （D）2.4-32
A. six
B. ailment
C. throwing up
D. ill
6. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of ______
endings. （ A ）2.2.2-28
A. leveled
B. short
C. long
D. paralleled
7. The p lural morpheme “-s” is pronounced as/s/in the following words EXCEPT ______.
（ B ）3.2-38 A. packs B. bags
C. cheats
D. ships
8. There are ______ free morphemic words in the following words: bird, man, red, turn.（D）
3.3.1-39
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
9. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______. （ D ）3.3.2-41
A. subsea
B. prewar
C. postwar
D. desks
10. The suffix “-tion” is a ______ suffix. （D）4.1.2-50
A. adjective
B. verb
C. adverb
D. noun
11. From the sentences “Hand in your papers.” and “She papered the room green.”, we can see
such a means of word formation as ______. （C）4.3-57
A. affixation
B. compounding
C. conversion
D. acronymy
12. The word “beg” comes from the word “beggar”. Such a way of creating a new word is called
______. （D）4.7-68
A. suffixation
B. clipping
C. blending
D. back-formation
13. “Pen” and “sword” in the sentence “The pen is mightier than the sword.” are ______
motivated words. （ A ）5.2.3-85
A. semantically
B. etymologically
C. morphologically
D. onomatopoeically
14. “Tables, men, potatoes” have the same ______ meaning, for they have the same plural meaning.
（B）5.3.1-86
A. lexical
B. grammatical
C. conceptual
D. associative
15. Stylistic features of words include the following EXCEPT ______. （ C ）5.3.2-88
A. formal
B. literary
C. argumentative
D. slang
16. The word ______ is an illustrative example of concatenation. （C）6.1.2-99
A. neck
B. board
C. candidate
D. harvest
17. Based on the degree of ______, homonyms fall into three classes: perfect homonyms, homographs
and homophones. （ C ）6.2.1-100
A. intensity
B. property
C. similarity
D. variety
18. Complete synonyms are identical both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning, including
______ and associative meanings. （A）6.3.2-105
A. conceptual
B. perceptual
C. eventual
D. actual
19. Narrowing of meaning, also called ______, is the opposite of widening meaning.
（ A ）7.1.2-137 A. specialization B. realization
C. evolution
D. creation
20. As far as transfer is concerned, the phrase “loud colours” falls into the category of transfer ______.（D）7.1.4-141
A. from concrete to abstract meanings
B. from abstract to concrete meanings
C. through association
D. of sensations
21. In the sentence “She said with an embarrassed laugh.”, the word “em barrassed” can be
classified into ______ sense of transfer. （A）7-148
A. subjective
B. objective
C. sensational
D. physical
22. Based on ______ context, we can determine the meaning of “do the flowers”.
（ C ）8.1.2-153 A. cultural B. grammatical
C. lexical
D. situational
23. Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is called ______ or
non-linguistic context. （A）8.1-149
A. extra-linguistic
B. lexical
C. grammatical
D. syntactical
24. In the sentence “Many United Nations employee s are polyglots. Mr. Mary, for example, speaks
five languages.”, the word “polyglot” is explained by ______ clue. （B）8.2.3- 157 A. definition B. example
C. synonymy
D. hyponymy
25. Which of the following is NOT one of the stylistic features of idioms? （A）9.3.1-171
A. Frozen style.
B. Slang.
C. Literary style.
D. Colloquialisms.
26. “Chop and change” is an idiom ______ in nature. （A）9.2.3-167
A. verbal
B. nominal
C. adjectival
D. adverbial
27. The change of idiom “the last straw” from the origina l form is ______.（ D ）9.3.3-177
A. replacement
B. dismembering
C. addition
D. shortening
28. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ______ and encyclopedic dictionaries.
（B）10.1.2-185
A. linguistic
B. encyclopedia
C. specialized
D. unabridged
29. Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English is a(n) ______ dictionary. （A）10.1.4-188
A. specialized
B. desk
C. pocket
D. encyclopedic
30. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDCE) was noted for the following aspects EXCEPT
______. （ C ）10.3.1-195
A. its wide coverage of new words, new meanings and new usages
B. its simple and clear definitions
C. its use of extra column
D. its meticulous and complete grammatical information
Ⅱ. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of vocabulary by notion; 2) types of morphemes; 3) sense relations and 4) types of idioms. (10% )
A B
(A. contradictory term of antonym ) 31. rich/well-to-do/poor A.contradictory term of antonym
6.4.1-113
(I. idiom verbal in nature ) 32. call it a day B. superordinate/subordinate6.5-117
(C. homograph ) 33. sow v. to scatter seeds/sow n. female adult pig C.homograph6.2.1-100 (G. bound morphemes) 34. recollection/idealistic D. idiom nominal in nature9.2.1-166
(F. relative term of antonym ) 35. employer/employee E. notional words1.5.2-16
(H. free morphemes ) 36. without/behind F. relative term of antonym6.4.1-113
(B. superordinate/subordinate ) 37. fish/herring G. bound morphemes3.3.2-39
(J. idiom adjectival in nature ) 38. cut and dried H. free morphemes 3.3.1-39
(E. notional words ) 39. watch/teach I. idiom verbal in nature9.2.3-167
(D. idiom nominal in nature ) 40. brain trust J. idiom adjectival in nature 9.2.2-166
Ⅲ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
41. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of _meaning_____.1.1-6
42. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic change and
_borrowing_____.2.4-31
43. _Bound_____ morphemes are chiefly found in derived words.3.3.2-39
44. Prefixes only modify the _meaning_____ of the stem.4.1.1-46
45. Lexical _meaning_____ of a word has two components: conceptual meaning and associative
meaning.5.3.1-87
46. In dictionaries, a _polysemant_____ has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas
homonyms are listed as separate entries.6.2.3-102
47. Indeed, it often happens that a word is retained for a name though the meaning has changed
because the _referent_____ has changed. 7.2.1-141
48. The sentence “I lost Betty's picture.” is ambiguous due to _polysemy_____.8-155
49. Based on the criterion of _grammatical_____ functions, idioms may be classified into five
groups.9.2-165
50. Encyclopedic dictionaries have the characteristics of both _linguistic_____ dictionaries
and encyclopedia.10.1.2-185
Ⅳ. Define the following terms. (10%)
51. word 1.1-7
答案：
A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
52. clipping 4.5-64
答案：
Clipping is a common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead .
53. onomatopoeic 5.2.1-83
答案：
The meaning of a word relating to its sound.
54. synchronic approach 6.1.1-97
答案：
An approach to polysemy, by which polysemy is viewed as the coexistence of various meanings of the same word in a certain historical period of time.
55. desk dictionaries 10.1.3-187
答案：
Desk dictionaries are medium-sized ones containing words ranging from 50,000 to 150,000, most used on desks.
Ⅴ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )
56. Why, in modern English, were word endings mostly lost with just a few exceptions? 2.2.3- 29
答案：
In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions. It can be concluded that English has evolved from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present analytic language.
57. What are the differences between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes? 3.3.2-41 答案：
Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional, thus known as inflectional morphemes. Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words.
58. How do you account for the semantic change in the living languages? 7.2- 141
答案：There are generally two major factors that cause changes in meaning. One is Extra-linguistiic Factors( historical reasion, class reason and Psychological reason), and the other is Liguistic Factors( shorting, the influx of borrowings and analogy).
59. What are contextual clues? Find out the meanings of the words in bold type and tell what
contextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meanings. 8.2.3-157
答案：
Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. In many
cases, when a new word (thought to be) appears for the first time, the author generally manages to
give hints which might help the readers to grasp the concept or understand the idea.
A: Example B: Explanation C: Definition
Ⅵ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)
60. Analyze and comment on the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the
extra-linguistic factors, each with example word(s) given below. 7.2.1-141
pen, atom
churl
copperhead
答案：
1. Historical reason . it often happens that a word is retained for a name though the meaning
has changed because the referent has changed. Take pen for example. Originally, it denoted feather, which was used in the west as pen in old times, hence the present meaning. The concept of atom too has changed with the increase of scientific knowledge. The word is derived from the Greek form atomos，which meant ‘any of the indivisible particles’. Now science has proved that atom is not the smallest and can be divided into even smaller particles, hence the abandonment of the original meaning.
2. Class reason . The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the
case of elevation or degradation. For instance, Churl, hussy, wench, villain as we already know were originally neutral in colour but have all down-graded as ‘ill-mannered or bad people .
3. Psychological reason .The associated transfer of meaning and euphemistic use of words, etc.
are often due to psychological factors. Take copperhead for example. This word designates a ven-omous snake in North America. During the American Civil War it was employed to refer to those northerners who were secretly aiding and abetting the South.
61. Analyze and comment on the fundamental difference between the processes of radiation and
concatenation with the words neck and treacle. 6.1.2- 98-99
答案：
1.Radiation is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the centre and the
secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes. The word neck affords another good example. The primary meaning is that part of man or animal joining the head to the body;
the second meaning is that part of the garmente.g. the neck of lamb , the neck of a violin .
2. Concatenation meaning ‘linking together’,is the semantic process in which the meaning of
a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts. The word treacle is an
illustrative example ( WNWD)：
(1)wild beast；
(2)remedy for bites of venomous beasts；
(3)antidote for poison or remedy for poison；
(4)any effective remedy；
(5) (BrE) molasses
Senses (1) and (2) are now entirely lost; (3) and (4) are obsolete, and only (5) remains common in use. Without a knowledge of etymology of the word，no one can make any connection between sense (1) and sense (5).
2010年4 月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
英语词汇学试题
课程代码：00832
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ____ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper. （ B ）1.1-6
A. small
B. meaningful
C. vocal
D. large
2. ____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard
general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. （ C ）1.5.1-14
A. Terminology
B. Jargon
C. Slang
D. Argot
3. “I'm sure that they will come today.”
There are____content words in the above sentence. （ B）1.5.2-16
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
4. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modern English vocabulary
develops? （D）2.4-31
A. Acronym.
B. Blending.
C. Elevation.
D. Borrowing.
5. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT____.
( A )2.3-30
A. kungfu
https://www.360docs.net/doc/621797367.html, dinner
C. fast food
D. Watergate
6. In modern times, ____is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. （ D ）2.4-31
A. semantic change
B. borrowing
C, expansion D. creation
7. The plural morphme “-s” is realizd by/Iz/after the following sounds EXCEPT____.
( B )3.2-38
A. /s/
B. /g/
c. /z/ D. /ろ/
8. The wo rd “idealistic” comprises ____morphemes. （C）3.3.2-39
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
9. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ____.( B )3.3.2-41
A. happier
B. worker
C. harder
D. taller
10. “Washing machine” is a word formed by____.（ B ）4.2.1-53
A. prefixation
B. compounding
C. conversion
D. blending
11. “TV” is a(n) ____.（ A ）4.6.1-66
A. initialism
B. acronym
C. derivative
D. compound
12. The prefix “mis-” in the word “mistrust” is a ____prefix. （ C ）4.1.1-47
A. negative
B. reversative
C. pejorative
D. locative
13. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word meaning”? （ D ）5.1-81
A. Reference.
B. Concept.
C. Sense.
D. Pronunciation.
14. Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away” has the same ____but different stylistic values. （B ）5.1.2-83
A. reference
B. concept
C. motivation
D. style
15. The word “airmail” is ____motivated. （ D ）5.2.2-84
A. onomatopoeically
B. etymologically
C. semantically
D. morphologically
16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But ____, all words are related in one way or another.( B )6-95 A. linguistically B. semantically
C. grammatically
D. pragmatically
17, ____, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning. （C ）6.1.1-97
A. Onomatopoeically
B. Diachronically
C. Synchronically
D. Etymologically
18. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their____. （ B ）6.2.3-102
A. ideology
B. etymology
C. mythology
D. methodology
19. Vocabulary is the most ____element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. （ B ）7-134
A. unbalanced
B. unstable
C. unhinged
D. undoubted
20. In Shakespeare's well-known Hamlet, rival means “____”and jump means “just”. （B）7-134
A. janitor
B. partner
C. collector
D. observer
21. In the sentence “Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now.” The word grown can be classified into ____sense of transfer. （D）7 -148
A. physical
B. objective
C. sensational
D. subjective
22. In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is called ____context. （ C ）8.1.2-153
A. non-linguistic
B. lexical
C. grammatical
D. cultural
23. The sentence “He is a hard businessman.” is ambiguous due to____. （D）8.2.1-155
A. grammatical structure
B. lexical context
C. homonymy
D. polysemy
24. The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire____. （D）8.1.1-151
A. physical situation
B. grammatical structure
C. mental activity
D. cultural background
25. Which of the following is NOT one respect of the rhetorical features of idioms? （C）
9.3.2-173
A. Phonetic manipulation.
B. Lexical manipulation.
C. Syntactical manipulation.
D. Figures of speech.
26. In nothing flat as an idiom is ____in nature. （ D ）9.2.4-168
A. verbal
B. nominal
C. adjectival
D. adverbial
27. The idiom “failure is the mother of success” is a ____ as far as figures of speech are concerned. （ D ）9.3.2-175
A. simile
B. metaphor
C. metonymy
D. personification
28. Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook? ( B )10.3-195
A. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.
B. Webster's Third New International Dictionary.
C. A Chinese-English Dictionary.
D. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary.
29. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known ______dictionary.
( A )10.1.3-186
A. unabridged
B. desk
C. pocket
D. encyclopedic
30. British dictionaries generally use__C__to mark the pronunciation.10.2.2-192
A. British Phonetic Alphabet
B. American Phonetic Alphabet
C. International Phonetic Alphabet
D. Webster's Phonetic Alphabet
II. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes;
2) the functions of affixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%)
A B
（D. famous/determined） 31. appreciative meanings5.3.2-90 A. maltreat
（J. relative terms） 32. parent/child 6.4.113 B. Jap/nigger
（A. maltreat） 33. pejorative prefixes 4.1.1-47 C. tremble (not quiver) with fear （I. contradictory terms） 34. man/woman 6.4.1-112 D. famous/determined
(F. prefixes of degree)35. hyperactive/superfreeze 4.1.1-47 E.extraordinary/telecommunicat
（C. tremble (not quiver) with fear） 36. collocative meaning 5.3.2-91 F prefixes of degree
（H. reversative prefixes） 37. decompose/unwrap 4.1.1-47 G. inflectional affixes
（B. Jap/nigger） 38. pejorative meaning5.3.2-90 H. reversative prefixes
（G. inflectional affixes） 39. radios/desks 3.3.2-41 I. contradictory terms
（E.extraordinary/telecommunication）40. locative prefixes 4.1.1-48 J. relative terms
llI. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)
41. Grammarians insist that a word be a _free___form that can function in a sentence.1.1-6
42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present _analytic___language.2.2.3-29
43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and __bound__morphemes.3.3-39
44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called__derivatives__.4.1-46
45. Though having little lexical meaning, _functional___words have strong grammatical meaning.5.3.1-86
46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal _relations___of the whole set alter.6.6-121
47. The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or_degradation___.7.2.1-142
48. The sentence “I like Mary better than Jean.” will lead to__ambiguity__.8.2.1-156
49. The fixity of idioms depends on the_idiomaticity___.9.1.2-165
50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into _encyclopedia___and encyclopedic dictionaries.10.1.2-185
IV. Define the following terms. (10%)
51. borrowed words 1.5.3-18
答案：
Words taken over from foreign languages are known as borrowed words or loan words or borrowings in simple terms.
52. conversion 4.3-56
答案：
Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.
53. motivation 5.2-83
答案：
Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.
54. narrowing 7.1.2-137
答案：
It is a process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower or specialized sense. 55. replacement of idioms 9.3.3-176
答案：
a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same part of speech, resulting in synonymous or antonymous idioms.
V. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)
56. What are derivational affixes?3.3.2-41
答案：
Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words.
57. What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point. 5.3.1-86 答案：
Grammatical meanings refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs), singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms (forget, forgets, forgot, forgotten, forgetting ) .
58. What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?
The fairy tale “The Sleeping Beauty” is very interesting.7-147
答案:
abstract to concrete
59. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms.
Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal.9.3.1-170
答案：
False. Idioms are generally felt to be informal and some are colloquialisms and slang，therefore inappropriate for formal style. Occasionally, we find idioms which are extremely formal and used only in frozen style.
VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%) 60. Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.6.3.4-108 [a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.
英语词汇学教程(练习答案)(1)解析
《英语词汇学教程》（2004 年版）练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below.
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《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) W hen it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) When it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) When it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1) They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”. (2) They represent the forms of the verb “fly” and have a common meaning. (3) They belong to a lexical field of “telephone communication”. (4) They are synonyms, related to human visual perception. Specifically, they denote various kinds of “looking”. 5. (a) 'blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, used in schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black); 'blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be black in color (the primary stress in on black); 'greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black); 'White House: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary stress in on black). (b) 'black 'board: any board which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'black 'bird: any bird which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'grey 'hound: any hound that is grey in color (both words receive primary stress); 'white 'house: any house that is painted white (both words receive primary stress). 6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. sequences of letters bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 closed class words. 7. (a) The ‘bull’ is literal, referring to a male bovine animal. (b) ‘Take the bull by the horn’is an idiom, meaning (having the courage to) deal with someone or something directly. (c) ‘Like a bull in a china shop’is an idiom, meaning doing something with too much enthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upset someone.
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《英语词汇学》模拟试卷 (一) I. Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the given brackets. (30%) 1. The minimal meaningful units in English are known as ______. A. roots B. morphs C. stems D. morphemes ( ) 2. The most important of all the features of the basic word stock is ______. A. stability . B. productivity C. polysemy . D. all national character ( ) 3. Old English vocabulary was essentially ______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian. A. Celtic . B. Hellenic C. Italic . D. Germanic . ( ) 4. In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. A. borrowing B. backformation C. creation D. semantic change ( ) 5. The words “motel”and “comsat”are called ______. A. blends B. compounds C. acronyms D. initialisms . ( ) 6. The word “teachers”contains three morphemes, but the word “shortenings”has ______ morphemes. A. two B. three C. four D. five ( ) 7. Reference is the relationship between language and the ______. A. concept B. world C. context . D. sense ( ) 8. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example: ______. A. dorm for “dormitory” B. fond for “affectionate” C. dish for “food” D. TV for “television”( ) 9. The word “mouth”in the phrase “the mouth of a river”is regarded as a ______ motivated word. A. morphologically B. etymologically C. onomatopoeically D. semantically
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英语词汇学 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ] A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ] A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ] A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ] A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ] A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ] A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ] A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ] A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ] A. clear grammar codes B. language notes
2000年至2012年全国自考英语词汇学试卷参考答案
参考答案 2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案 Ⅰ.1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D Ⅱ.(10%) 16.transfer 17.OLD English 18.monolingual 19.semantically 20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic Ⅲ.21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.H Ⅳ. 31.bound root 32.（head+tail）blinding 33.inflectional affix/morpheme 34.a+n 35.full conversion 36.suffix 37.reversativ 38.prefix of degree 39.prefix 40.number prefix Ⅴ.41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. 42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. 43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context. 45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language. Ⅵ.46.There are four types of motivation: 1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc. 2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc. 3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc. 4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc. 47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure. Ⅶ.49. 1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）. 2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves. 3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50. 1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分） 2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分） 3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分） 4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分） 5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）
词汇学第一、二章课后习题及答案
2012级（1）班 Chaper1 The Basic Concepts Of Words and Vocabulary I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1. ______is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock. A.Productivity Stability C.Collocability D.All national character 2. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except_______ . A.slang B.Anglo-Saxon words C.argots D.neologisms 3. According to the origins of the words, English words can be classified into _______ . A.content words and functional words B.native words and borrowed words C.basic words and dialectal words D.loan words and dialectal words 4. Borrowings can be divided into________. A.liens, semantic loans, translationloans, denizens B.empty words, notional words, form words, content words C.blends, portmanteau words, acronyms, initializes D.derivatives, compounds, converted words and clipped words 5. Apart from the characteristics of basic vocabulary, native words have two other features, namely_________. A.Productivity and stability B.neutrality in style and high frequency in use C.collectability and polysemy D.formality and arbitrariness 6．The word beaver(meaning“girl”)is_______ . A.a dialectal word B.argot C.an archaism D.slang 7. AIDS as a nonbasic word is_______ . A.jargon B.an archaism C.aneologism D.slang 8.Form words include the following word classes except_______ . A.conjunctions B.auxiliaries C.prepositions D.adjectives 9. Vocabulary can refer to the following except_______ . A.the total number of the words in alanguage B.all the words used in a particular historical period C.all the words of a given dialect D.most words a person knows 10.Kimono is a loan word from_______ . A.German B.French C.Spanish D.Japanese 11. _______ form the mainstream of the basic word stock. A.Anglo-Saxon words B. Frenchwords C.Danish words https://www.360docs.net/doc/621797367.html,tin words 12.Black humor is_______ . A.a translation loan B.a semantic loan C.a denizen D.an alien 13.Pronouns and numerals are semantically_______ and have limited_______ . A.polysemous;use and stability B.monosemous;collocability and stability C.polysemous;use and productivity D.monosemous;productivity andcollectability 14.Indigestion is_______ . A.jargon B.slang C.terminology D.an archaism
(完整版)英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案
试题三 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( ) A. perfect homonyms B. homonyms C. homophones D. all the above 2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( ) A. ad for “advertisement” B. dish for “food" C. fond for “affectionate” D. an editorial for “an editorial article" 3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( ) A. the reader’s interpretation B. the neighbouring words C. the writer's intention D. the etymology of the word 4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order? A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi- 5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary? A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology B. Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms 6.Which of the following statements is Not true? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. 7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( ) A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context 8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( ) A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponym 9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( ) A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field 10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( ) A. simile B. metaphor
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《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 (注：参考答案仅供参考。有些题目的答案并非是唯一的) Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) when it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) when it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) when it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1)They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”.
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全国高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（） A．meaning B．Sound C．combination of sounds D．Group 2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（） A．more slowly than B．As quickly as C．more rapidly than D．Not so quickly as 3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notion C．origin D．sound 4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（） A．green revolution B．fast food C．moon walk D．space shuttle 5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. （）A．form B．meaning C．look D．pronunciation 6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（） A．four B．fell C．for D．autumn 7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. （）A．/t/ B．/g/ C．/p/ D．/k/ 英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页
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C9 Test-2 below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that I. Each of the statements would best complete the statement. 1. The fixity of idioms depends on A. idiomaticity B. structure C. grammaticality D. style
2. Idioms are generally felt to be A. formal B. informal C. casual D. intimate 3. In the idiom “ move heaven and earth ” , is used. A. simile B. metonymy C. personification D. juxtaposition 4. A large proportion of idioms were first created by . A. linguists B. poets C. working people D. ruling class 5. Forms and functions of idioms are . A. different B. identical C. not necessarily identical D. not identical at all 6. Slang expressions are often peculiar to and varieties. A. stylistic, affective B. social, regional C. professional, cultural D. cultural, social 7. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom. A. illogical B. lexical C. grammatical D. logical 8. Idioms nominal in nature function as . A. adverbs B. modifiers C. nouns D. adjectives 9. In “Fire and water are good servants, but bad masters ”, figure of speech is . A. simile B. personification
英语词汇学课后答案张维友编
《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案 【Chapter 1】 7．tart: loose woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl 8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the sea bade = bid 【Chapter 2】 Ex.1 The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Indo-European Language Family Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic
00832英语词汇学2014年04月真题及答案
全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 本试卷满分100分，考试时间150分钟. 考生答题注意事项： 1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效。试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2.第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用28铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。 3.第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4.合理安排答题空间。超出答题区域无效。 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%) 1.“Woman”becomes “Frau”in German, “femme”in French and “fùnǔ”in Chinese. This example shows that in different languages the same concept can be represented by different ______． A. sounds B．forms C. unities D．meanings 2.The following words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us EXCEPT ______． A. fire B．hot C. photoscanning D．sister 3.Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. Which of the following words comes from Chinese? A. Bazaar. B．Kowtow. C. Rajah. D．Blitzkrieg. 4.The Indo-European language family is made up of the languages of the following EXCEPT ______． A. Europe B．the Far East C. India D．the Near East 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words in the present-day English vocabulary? A. The rapid development of modern science and technology. B．Social, economic and political changes. C. The invasion of foreign countries. D．The influence of other cultures and languages. 6. Modern English vocabulary develops through the following channels EXCEPT ______. A. creation B．borrowing