In-text Referencing Harvard

In-text R Referencing means giving or citin

system, for each citation you are r ?the author's surname, the paraphrase in the body of yo

numbers for paraphrases). ?the full bibliographical details

Referencing is an academic conve ?ensures that you are not ope (another’s writings, etc) as o

Plagiarism is a serious offence ?shows the reader the extent t the field of study.

?helps you to take a position, d alternative viewpoints. ?identifies the source of your m it if desired.

Referencing also needs to be don quote, which was sourced from university students, Harcourt Brac the page:

A thesis sets up the argumen

introduction, unless the writ

before stating the thesis. An

neighbours about their dog

reasoning. What makes a th

the evidence, which you will

essay. Of course, it is the pr

adopt a point of view to arg

and evidence, so too you sh

one reason why intelligent a

and discerning writer (Bate &

Note how the authors’ surna the quote. It is acceptable to pro instance, because the quote has from the text. give:

year of publication and the

– some

plagiarism.

s urnames, year of publication an

o pro

e has

rvard referencing

e page

Writer’s handbook for

-text referencing over er is g

this in

ndent

Example 1:

Example 2:

of drawing a conclusion. It is the evidence used that provides justification for the argument

which in turn renders the thesis believable (1996, p. 15).

Example 3:At university, the term argument refers to the way of reaching a conclusion (Bate & Sharpe 1996, p. 15).

Example 1:

Example 2:

with your neighbours about their dog… instead it is about a… process of reasoning’ (Bate &

Sharpe 1996, p. 15).

In-text referencing if there are more than three authors:

Use the first-listed author’s surname followed by et al. (‘et al.’ means ‘and others’), e.g. Smith et al. (1991, p. 242). All names are included in the list of references.

In-text referencing if an author refers to another author's work:

This is called a secondary reference (e.g. Smith refers to the work of Brown). Below are 3 methods: Brown (cited in Smith 1986, p. 23) ...

Smith (1986, p. 23) cites a study by Brown ...

... (Brown, cited in Smith 1986, p. 23).

In-text referencing of electronic sources:

?Aim to provide author’s surname, year and page number (always include the date of viewing the source and URL in the list of references).

?If there is no author, use the journal name, or organisation’s name.

?If there is no date use (n.d.).

?Electronic sources rarely have consistent page numbers. If you are unable to give a specific page number then give the paragraph number or section number of the quotation e.g. para. 6/ section 3.5. In-text referencing from a Study Guide: Provide author’s surname, year and page number. In- text referencing from a chapter in an edited book: Provide author of chapter’s surname, year and page number. See List of References guide for how to include in the List of References.