主动语态与被动语态结构表格
主动语态与被动语态结构表格
主动语态变被动语态的几个特例
主动语态变被动语态的几个特例 一、含有双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，多数将主动句中的间接宾语变为被动句的主语，直接宾语作保留宾语；也可将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语作保留宾语，但这时保留宾语前多加介词to或for。如：He gave me a new watch.→1) I was given a new watch. 2) A new watch was given to me. 二、含有复合宾语且宾语补足语是名词的句子变为被动语态时，只能将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，宾补不可变为主语。如：They call me Jim. →I am called Jim.(不可说：Jim is called me.) 三、主语为疑问词的疑问句变为被动语态时，用“By+疑问词（宾格）”置于句首。如： Who broke the glass? →By whom was the glass broken? 四、祈使句变为被动语态时，要改为“Let +原宾语+be+过去分词”。如：Close the window. →Let the window be closed. 五、带宾语从句的复合句变为被动语态时，多用it作形式主语置于句首，原宾语从句成为真正主语（从句），从句中也需用被动语态。如：People said that Lin Feng could take good care of the baby. → It was said that the baby could be taken good care of by Lin Feng. 六、含有谓语动词know的主动句变为被动语态时，不用by短语，需by改为to。如： We all know the scientist. →The scientist is known to us all. 七、no one、nobody等否定代词作主语的句子变为被动语态时，谓语
被动语态各种时态构成表[1]
被动语态各种时态构成表： TENSE 主动语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice 一般现在时Simple present do does am is + done are 一般过去时Simple past did was done were 一般将来时Simple future will do will be done
shall shall 现在进行时Present continuous am is doing are am is being done are 过去进行时Past continuous was doing were was being done were 将来进行时Future continuous will be doing shall will be being done shall 现在完成时Present perfect have done have been done
has has 过去完成时 Past perfect had done had been done 将来完成时Future perfect will have done shall will have been done shall 现在完成进行时have been doing has 情态动词情态动词+do 情态动词+be+done Be have do
一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变 例：１、主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. 被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children. 孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。 ２、主动：People regard him as brilliant. 被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people. 人们认为他很有才华。 1、边境发生严重列车事故，二人死亡，十二人受伤。 There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.
被动语态的几种特殊用法
被动语态的几种特殊用法(1)主动形式表示被动意义 1)常见的这类动词有：“act，add up，clean，compare，count，cook，draw，fill，iron，keep，let，look，make up，milk，kill，open，photograph，prove，read，sell，smoke，spoil”等。 The window won't open．(这扇窗户打不开。) The cow milks well．(这头牛出奶率很高。) Damp wood will not fire．(湿木不易燃烧。) She doesn't photograph well．(她不上相。) His judgment proved wrong．(他的判断是错的。) The banana peels easily．(香蕉皮剥起来很容易。) Flies kill easily in autumn．(秋天苍蝇容易死亡。) It turned out fine that day．(结果那天天气很好。) How did his coat catch on a nail? (他的衣服怎么钩到钉子上了?) 2)实用动词“need／want／deserve／require +V-ing(动名词)”形式表示被动意义。 My hair needs cutting。． The bike wants repairing． It doesn't deserve mentioning． Hamlet is required reading for the course．(《哈姆雷特》为本课程指定读物。) 3)一些固定句型如：e worth doing sth．have/get sth．猨?搩湯履，以及to be under(in)+抽象名词等表示被动意义： Beijing is a big city in China and worth visiting．(北京是中国的一个大城市，值得浏览。) Mr.．Wilson had his wallet stolen the day before yesterday．(威尔逊先生前天丢了一个钱包)。 The bike is under(in)repair．(自行车正在修理中。) This tape recorder is in use．(这种录音机正在使用中。) 4)一些不定式的主动态表示被动意义： ①There be句型： There are a lot of things to do． There is nothing to worry about． ②不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语，而句中的主语同时又不是不定式的逻辑主语时： I want some clothes to wash． Do you have anything to say for yourself? ③不定式修饰buy，get，give等动词的直接宾语，而句中的间接宾语又是不定式的逻辑主语时：
初中英语动词的主动语态和被动语态讲解
动词的主动语态和被动语态【用法讲解】考试要求： 中考要求掌握：动词的主动语态和被动语态区别与使用，不同时态的被动语态形式及情态动词的被动语态形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态是表示句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者。 如：We often clean the blackboard.（我们是擦黑板的执行者即主动语态）The blackboard is often cleaned by us.（黑板是clean的承受者即被动语态）。 1.被动语态的结构 一般现在时：am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时：was / were +及物动词的过去分词 一般将来时：will / shall be +及物动词的过去分词 现在完成时：have / has been +及物动词的过去分词 现在进行时：am / is / are being +及物动词的过去分词 过去完成时：had been +及物动词的过去分词 如：Youare wantedon the phone.有你的电话。 Chinawas liberatedin 1949. 1949年中国解放。 The problemwill be discussedtomorrow. 明天将对这个问题进行讨论。 Not a book in the libraryhas been taken away. 图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。 My bikeis being repaired.我的自行车正在修理。
The bookhad been borrowedwhen I got to the library.我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。 2.主动语态与被动语态的转换 （1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词），根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。 （3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 如：All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree. →A tree was cut down by him. 3.含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 We can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. →It should be done at once. 4.含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态 主动语态:主语+谓语动词+间接、直接宾语+其他
主动语态与被动语态
一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,每空一词. 1 English ______ ________ (speak) here. 2 Jay Zhou _______ ______ (love) by lots of his fans. 3 The room ________ _______ ________ (paint) now. 4 Listen! Who _______ _______ (cry) in the next room? 5 The computer _____ ______ ______ (can use) in the room. 6 My grandpa’s ______ ______ ______ (die) for three years. 7 The novel _______ ________ _______ (translate) into many languages since it was published. 8 The cake which my mother made ______ (smell) nice. 9 The football match ______ ________ _______ (show) again sometime next week. 10 The book _______ (sell) well. 11. ________ these trees _______ ________ (plant) on the hill tomorrow? 12. The work can ______ ________ ________ (finish) the day after tomorrow. 13. The sun can’t _______ _______ (see) at night. 14. The books must not ______ _____ (take) out of the library. 15. His homework ______ already ______ _______ (finish). 16. The dictionary must _______ ________ (take) good care of. 17. This clock can ________ ________ (mend) before Friday. 18. These books _____ _____ ______ (send) to the village. 19. School things _______ ________ (sell) in that shop. 20. The TV set can ________ ________ (repair) in three days. 二、单项选择. 11 Could you tell me which ___ well among the books on sale A is sold B sells C was written D writes 12 What ______ in that shop? A did happen B is happening C was happened D happening 13 Look, Jack, your bag ________. A. will find B has been found C has found D is founded 14 --- Dad, please open the door. It ________. --- Ok, dear, I am coming A locks B locked C is locked D was locked 15 The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _______ in our city. A be building B building C be built D built 16 In our school, library books ________ within two weeks. A return B must return C will return D must be returned 17 We are glad that the underground _______ very soon . A will complete B will be completed C has completed D has been completed 18 The flowers start to ______ in spring. A be come out B come out C be come up D come up 19 This tall tree _________ more beautiful than that one. A looks B is looked C look D looking 20 This painting ________ to a museum in New York in 1997. A sells B sold C was sold D is sold 21 --- What‘s wrong with that boy? --- He ________ by a car yesterday. A was hit B hits C is hit D hit 22 People can _______ running everywhere. Do you know
被动语态基本构成
被动语态基本构成: 主语+be+动词过去分词 1. Calves are easily bound and slaughtered，Never knowing the reason why ( 一般现在时) 牛儿任人捆缚宰割，从来不知原因为何? Y ou must finish your work immediately. Y our work must be finished immediately. 2. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. (一般将来时) 我梦想有一天，我的四个孩子将生活在一个不是以肤色的深浅，而是以品格的优劣作为评判标准的国家里。 3. If a good cook could cook good cookies, good cookies could be cooked by a good cook.. Y esterday my father beat me. (一般过去时) I was beaten by my father yesterday. 4. My father is beating me now. (现在进行时) I am being beaten by my father now. 5. My father was beating me at this moment yesterday. (过去进行时) I was being beaten by my father at this moment yesterday. 6. My father has ever beaten me for many times. (现在完成时) I have ever been beaten by my father for many times. 7. My father had ever beaten me for many times before I was a middle school student. I had ever been beaten by my father for many times before I was a middle school student. (过去完成时) 8. Should old acquaintance be forgot and never brought to mind Should old acquaintance be forgot and days of auld lang syne 怎能忘记，旧日朋友，心中能不怀想。 旧日朋友，岂能相忘，友谊地久天长 被动语态 英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍，许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式。须注意的是，许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思，英语却用被动态。还要注意，英语的被动态往往由"by"引出，
被动语态用主动表达
被动语态用主动表达 被动语态是指在不知谁是动作执行者或没必要指出谁是动作执行者，或需要强调动作的承受者时使用，其基本形式是“系动词+过去分词”。但在现实语言运用中，会出现一些用主动形式表达被动含义的情况，现将英语中用主动语态表达被动含义的几种情况归纳如下：1. 表“需要”含义的动词，如need, want, require等作谓语时，其主语若是物时，这些动词后面可接动名词主动形式表示被动含义。如： The garden doesn't need watering, it rained last night. 这个园子不需要浇水，昨晚刚下过雨。The carpet really requires cleaning. 这块地毯确实需要清理了。 注：这种情况下，也可接不定式的被动语态表达同种含义。如： This sentence needs explaining once more.=This sentence needs to be explained once more. 这个句子需要再解释一遍。 2. 有一类动词既是及物的，又是不及物的，但如果表示主语内在的特征、性质或所处的状态而不是强调动作本身，就要用动词的主动形式表被动，这样用起来简洁，符合英美人的习惯。常见的动词有：sell, wash, write, wear, open, shut, lock, close, start, begin, read, tear, boil, burn, grow, break, change, weigh, measure等。 请看下面三个句子，体会划线部分的不同： His books sell well, so they are sold out soon. 他的书很畅销，所以很快就被卖光了。 The door won't open, so we'll ask the repairman to open it. 这门就是打不开，所以，我们将请修理工打开它。 We measured the bridge and it measures 20 metres long! 我们量了量这座桥，它(量起来)有20米长！ 3. 一些表示感觉、感官的系动词，常用主动形式表示被动动作，如sound, feel, smell, taste, look等。如： I tasted the wine and it tasted wonderful! 我尝了尝这酒，味道棒极了。 4. be worth doing结构中，用动名词主动形式表示某事值得被做。如： This dictionary is expensive, but it is worth buying. 这本词典很贵，但很值得买。 5. 在be to blame, be to let, be to seek等结构中，也用主动形式表被动含义。如： Nobody is to blame for the accident. 没有人会因这个事故而受责怪。 6. 有些动词的进行时可表示被动含义(这种情况也可用被动)。如： Te new edition of Longman dictionary is printing. 朗文词典的新版本正在被印刷。 7. 动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义。 动词不定式主动形式表被动含义较复杂，一般分下面3种情况： (1)be+形容词(或有这种形容词修饰的名词)+to do，这时的形容词都表示主语所具有的特征。如：heavy, light, big, strong, nice, beautiful, easy, hard, difficult, fit, comfortable, dangerous 等。如： She is a nice person to work with. 她是一个很好共事的人。 注：①此种结构中，因为主语充当着不定式的逻辑宾语，所以不定式一定用及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语。②too+形容词+to do及形容词+enough+to do结构也适合这一类。如：
主动语态与被动语态相互转换
主动语态与被动语态句型转换 一、主动语态与被动语态相互转换，每空一词（含缩写）。 56. We call maths the language of science. （改为被动句） Maths _________ _________ the language of science. 57. Where did they plant trees （改为被动句） Where _________ trees _________ 58. You can borrow two books at a time.（改为被动句） Two books _________ _________ _________ at a time. teacher made the students copy the text.改为被动句 The students _________ _________ _________ copy the text. 60. They produce silk in Suzhou.（改为被动句） Silk _________ _________ in Suzhou. 61. They built a bridge between the two islands last year. （改为被动句） A bridge ________ ________ between the two islands last year. 62. A birthday party will be given tomorrow. （改为主动句） We _________ _________ a birthday party tomorrow. 63. John was seen to cross the street just now by someone.（改为主动句） Someone _________ John _________ the street just now. 64. Can another way be thought of to keep your wine or water warm（改为主动句） Can _______ _______ _______ another way to keep your wine or water warm 65. Too many trees are still being cut down in the USA. （改为主动句） _________ are still _________ down too many trees in the USA. 二、对划线部分提问，每空一词（含缩写）。 66. Jim has stayed in the college for five years. _________ _________ has Jim stayed in the college
被动语态的结构及用法
教学过程 被动语态的结构及用法 Step 1 Warm-up: Review 复习 一、Review the past participle forms of the verbs 1、规则动词过去分词的构成： (1)一般情况+ed 如worked；以不发音的e结尾，直接+d 如liked (2)以“辅音字母+y”，y →i+ed 如study →studied (3)以重读闭音节结尾，词尾仅一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母+ed 如stopped，planned 2、特殊变化：课本附录 Step 2 Presentation:呈现 一、语态概述：略讲 1、英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的，分为主动语态与被动语态两种。 2、主动语态，即主语是动作的执行者。Eg. We clean the classroom. 3、被动语态，即主语是动作的承受者。Eg. The classroom is cleaned by us. 二、被动语态的构成：略 被动语态的基本构成是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+(by)”。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化。by通常紧跟在被动句谓语动词之后，有时也可省。 1、现在： （1）一般现在时am/is/are + done （2）现在进行时am/is/are + being done （3）现在完成时have/has + been done 2、过去： （1）一般过去时was/were + done （2）过去进行时was/were + being done 3、将来：一般将来时shall/will + be done 三、被动语态句式：略 （1）肯定：主语+be+过去分词+(by) The cars are made by them. （2）否定：主语+be+not+过去分词+(by)The cars are not made by them. （3）一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by) Are the cars made by them? （4）含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+(not)+be<原形>+过去分词+(by) 四、被动语态的用法： 1、强调动作的承受者eg. Her bike is stolen. 2、淡化动作的执行者（没有说明、没必要指出、不知道） Eg. This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。 3、动作的承受者是谈话的中心eg. The picture was drawn by a boy under eight. Step 3 Consolidation:巩固 五、主动与被动的转换：时态不变 A.主动中的宾语→被动语态的主语 B.谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） C.主动中的主语→被动语态的宾语（介词by之后），主格→宾格 Eg. He cut down a tree.→A tree was cut down by him. 1、S+V+O
被动语态：主动表被动形式
被动语态：主动表被动形式 1) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义： The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同：The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可，只是强调重点稍有不同：Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) 2)当read, wash,clean, cook, cut, wear, carry，sell 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态，只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)：The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义) The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好) 另外，以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态： The vegetables are cooking.蔬菜正在煮着。 Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何? (3)某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin,start, finish, end等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动形式表示被动意义： When does the concertbegin? 音乐会什么时候开始？ The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。
主动语态变被动语态专题练习
主动语态变被动语态专题练习 一、将下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态 1.Teachers must take good care of the student. 2. Was another man-made satellite sent up into the space by them last week. 3.People plant many trees on either side of the street each year. 4.Li Lei mended the bike. 5. A famous American writer wrote the book Red Star Over China years ago. 6.Two years ago we used that machine to make shoes for children. 7. Ken is often heard to apologize to his teacher. 8.People there didn’t plant any trees last year. 9. We call him David. 10.We will plant some trees in the garden this year. 11. Do young people usually listen to pop music? 12.We should help the disabled people. 13. Jenny showed me the picture. 14.My mother gave me a dictionary as a birthday present.
(完整版)被动语态专项练习附答案
初中英语被动语态专项讲解 一、语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。) 各种时态的被动语态构成： 1.一般现在时：am／is／are＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：I'm asked to take care of myself. Football is played all over the world 2.一般过去时：was／were＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：This house was built in 1958. His leg was broken in an accident. 3.一般将来时：will／shall be＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：More factories will be built in our city. He will be taken to hospital tomorrow. 4.现在进行时：am／is／are being＋及物动词的过去分词. Eg： A road is being built around the mountain. Many new houses are being built in this cit 5.过去进行时：was/were being＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：The meeting was being held when I was there. We were being trained this time last year. 6.现在完成时：have／has been＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：His book has been translated into many foreign languages. The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词 Eg：A new school had been set up by the end of last year. 8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 Eg：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there. 4.含有情态动词的被动语态
(完整版)主动语态变被动语态的几种类型
主动语态变被动语态的几种类型 一、含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构 有些动词，如give，tell，buy等，在句中作谓语时可有两个宾语，又称双宾语，即“间接宾语+直接宾语”结构形式。含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。一般是主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。如果直接宾语变为被动结构的主语，间接宾语之前应加介词to（可省去）或for（一般不可省）。如： 1 . My mother gave me a pen.~I was given a pen by my mother.或：A pen was given (to) me by my mother.（介词to 可省略） 2 .He told her a long story.~She was told a long story.或：A long story was told (to) her.（介词to可省略） 3.Father bought me a new coat.~I was bought a new coat.或：A new coat was bought for me.（介词for不可省略）注意：被动句中强调间接宾语时，其前的介词to 不可省去。如： This apple is given to me, not to you.这个苹果是给我的，而不是给你的。 二、含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构 复合宾语指的是“宾语+宾语补足语（简称宾补）”这一结构形式。含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，只将主动结构中的宾
语变为被动结构的主语，宾语补足语保留不动。可充当宾语补足语的有名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、介词短语等等。如： 1.They call her Xiao Li.(主动结构，宾补为名词Xiao Li )~She is called Xiao LI.(被动结构) 2.They chose Tom monitor.（主动结构，宾补为名词monitor）~Tom was chosen monitor.（被动结构） 3.He told me to wait for you.（主动结构，宾补为不定式短语to wait for you）~I was told to wait for you.（被动语态） 4.I found him lying on the floor.（主动结构，宾补为现在分词短语lying on the floor)~He was found lying on the floor.（被动结构） 注意：在主动语态的句子中，谓语动词make的宾语补足语如果由动词不定式充当，则该动词不定式不带to。感官动词see，hear，watch等，也有这种用法。但当谓语动词是let时，其被动结构后的不定式仍不带to。例如： They made him go.（主动结构，宾补为不带to的不定式go)~He was made to go.（被动语态） They let John go.（主动结构）~John was let go.（被动结构） 三、含情态动词的主动结构变为被动结构
被动语态各时态构成表
被动语态各时态构成表 TENSE 主动语态被动语态 一般现在时be+V.\V.s am\is\are+V(p.p) 一般将来时will\be going to+V. will be +V(p.p) 现在进行时am\is\are+V.ing am\is\are+being+V(p.p) 一般过去时①was\were② V.ed was\were+V(p.p) 现在完成时have\has+V.p.p have\has+been+V(p.p) 过去完成时had+V.p.p had+been+V(p.p) 过去进行时was\were+V.ing was\were+being+V(p.p) 情态动词情态动词+V. 情态动词+be+V(p.p) 被动语态（一般现在时） 主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。 被动语态的口诀： 一般现、过用be +V.过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。 完成时态have(has) done，被动将been加中间。 一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。 将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing,
现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。 否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。 主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。 一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。 复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。 1.一般现在时 is\am\are+P.P(过去分词) 2.一般过去时 was\were+P.P 3.一般将来时 will be+P.P 4.现在进行时 is\am\are+being(固定不变)+P.P 5.过去进行时 was\were+being(固定不变)+P.P
被动语态主动表被动
被动语态主动表被动 1) 表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。 (look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear,make,...) The steel feels cold． 2) 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。 (begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run,...) The shop opens at 6 am. every day． 3) 表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义。(read,write,set,sell,wash, clean, wear, open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink,...) The pen writes smoothly． 4) 作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed． 5) 不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。(difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good, comfortable,light,heavy, dangerous, safe,...) ? e fish is not fit to eat． 6) 不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义; 但若用在there be结构中，主动、被动均可（口语中常用主动式）。 ?I have a lot of homework to do． ?There are many things to do/to be done． 7) be to blame表示“应受批评,责备”，用主动式表被动义。The boy is to blame for what he has done． 8)不及物动词和一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态。 ?rise,happen,succeed,remain,... ?take place,break out,belong to,lose heart,consist of,add up to,... 9)含双宾语的主动句变被动句，一般变间接宾语(指人)为主语较多。若把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语前加上适当的介词。 ?在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前加to: bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, sell,show,pay,promise,take,teach, etc. ?在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前加for: buy,build,cook,cut,choose,find,fetch,do,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,sing,etc. 注意：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make, listen to, look at等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。