德国 presentation

德国German

德国首都柏林

传统节日

德国最大最著名的民间节日是慕尼黑十月节(Münchener Oktoberfest)，也叫“维森(Wiesn)”节。每年有六百多万游客涌入特蕾西亚草坪广场(Theresienwiese)，一边喝着大杯的啤酒，一边啃着猪肉香肠和“8”字形面包。宽广的庆祝会场上临时搭起了旋转木马和云霄飞车，各种各样的表演活动随处可见。庆祝活动还包括东道主店家和啤酒厂的入场游行、古装与乐队游行(Trachten- und Schützenzug)以及所有维森小型乐队的音乐会。许多当地人，也包括年轻人，纷纷身着传统民族服装参加十月啤酒节

浪漫不过天鹅堡:noy'shvangshdain

Neuschwanstein Castle (German: Schloss Neuschwanstein, pronounced [n????va?n?ta?n]) is a 19th-century Gothic Revival palace on a rugged hill above the village of Hohenschwangau near Füssen in southwest Bavaria, Germany. The palace was commissioned by Ludwig II of Bavaria as a retreat and as an homage to Richard Wagner.

The palace was intended as a personal refuge for the reclusive king, but it was opened to the paying public immediately after his death in 1886.[1] Since then over 60 million people have visited Neuschwanstein Castle.[2] More than 1.3 million people visit annually, with up to 6,000 per day in the summer.[3] The palace has appeared prominently in several movies and was the inspiration for Disneyland's Sleeping Beauty Castle[4] and later, similar structures.

Neuschwanstein embodies both the contemporaneous architectural fashion known as castle romanticism (German: Burgenromantik), and Ludwig II's immoderate enthusiasm for the operas of Richard Wagner.In the 19th century many castles were constructed or reconstructed, often with significant changes to make them more picturesque. Palace-building projects similar to Neuschwanstein had been undertaken earlier in several of the German states and included Hohenschwangau Castle, Lichtenstein Castle, Hohenzollern Castle and numerous buildings on the River Rhine such as Stolzenfels Castle.[11] The inspiration for the construction of Neuschwanstein came from two journeys in 1867: One in May to the reconstructed Wartburg near

Eisenach,[12] another in July to the Chateau de Pierrefonds, which Eugène Viollet-le-Duc was transforming from a ruined castle into a historistic palace.

In 1868, the ruins of the medieval twin castles were demolished completely; the remains of the old keep were blown up.[26] The foundation stone for the Palace was laid on September 5, 1869; in 1872 its cellar was completed and

in 1876, everything up to the first floor. But the Gatehouse was finished first.

At the end of the year 1873 it was completed and fully furnished, allowing Ludwig to take provisional lodgings there and observe the further construction work.[25] In 1874, direction of the civil works passed from Eduard Riedel to Georg von Dollmann.[27] The topping out ceremony for the Palas was in 1880, and in 1884, the king could move into the new building. In the same year the direction of the project passed to Julius Hofmann, after Dollmann had fallen in disgrace.

The palace was erected as a conventional brick construction and later encased with other types of rock. The white limestone used for the fronts came from a nearby quarry.[28] The sandstone bricks for the portals and bay windows came from Schlaitdorf in Württemberg. Marble from Untersberg near Salzburg was used for the windows, the arch ribs, the columns and the capitals. The Throne Hall was a later addition to the plans and required a steel framework.

The transport of building materials was facilitated by a scaffolding a nd a steam crane that lifted the material to the construction site. Another crane was used at the construction site itself. The recently founded Dampfkessel-Revisionsverein (Steam Boiler Inspection Association) regularly inspected both boilers.

Ludwig II (1886)

For about two decades the construction site was the principal employer of the region.[29] In 1880, about 200 craftsmen were occupied at the site,[30] not counting suppliers and other persons indirectly involved in the construction. At times when the king insisted on particularly close deadlines and urgent changes, reportedly up to 300 workers per day were active, sometimes at night by the light of oil lamps. Statistics from the years 1879/1880 support an immense amount of building materials: 465 t (513 short tons) of Salzburg marble, 1,550 t (1,710 short tons) of sandstone, 400,000 bricks and 2,050 m3 (2,680 cu yd) of wood for the scaffolding.

In 1870 a society was founded for insuring the workers, for a low monthly fee, augmented by the king. The heirs of construction casualties (30 cases are mentioned in the statistics) received a small pension.

In 1884 the king could move into the (still unfinished) Palas,[31] and in 1885, he invited his mother Marie to Neuschwanstein on the occasion of her 60th birthday.[nb 5] By 1886, the external structure of the Palas (hall) was mostly finished.[31] In the same year, Ludwig had the first, wooden Marienbrücke over the P?llat Gorge replaced by a steel construction.

Despite its size, Neuschwanstein did not have space for the royal court, but contained only the king's private lodging and servants' rooms. The court buildings served decorative, rather than residential purposes:[10] The palace was intended to serve Ludwig II as a kind of inhabitable theatrical setting.[31] As a temple of friendship it was also devoted to life and work of Richard Wagner, who died in 1883 before he had set foot in the building.[32] In the end, Ludwig II only lived in the palace for a total of 172 days.

部分译文：

新天鹅堡（New Swan Stone Castle）是19世纪晚期的建筑，位于德国巴伐利亚西南方，邻近年代较早的高天鹅堡，距离菲森镇约4公里，离德国与奥地利边界不远。这座城堡是巴伐利亚国王路德维希二世的行宫之一。共有360个房间，其中只有14个房间依照设计完工，其他的346个房间则因为国王在1886年逝世而未完成由于白色城堡耸立在高高的山上，其四周环山和湖泊。所以一年四季，风光各异。但在这迷人与浪漫背后，却隐藏着一个年轻皇帝的悲剧。这个皇帝无治世之才，却充满艺术气质。在新天鹅城堡的对面就是国王童年的夏宫，旧天鹅城堡，那高山平原大湖塑造了年轻国王那浪漫和童话色彩性格，使他萌生了建造新天鹅堡的灵感。他亲自参与设计这座城堡。里面有大量德国天鹅雕塑。他梦想将城堡建成为一个童话般的世界。他一生孤寂，不是面对政治密谋就是人身攻击。在那个革命的年代，他不满于自己徒有名衔的身份，试图改变而又不得其所，因而常与内阁中的长老意见相悖。他与著名作曲家瓦格纳的交往因过度挥霍，以及公私不分而遭内阁人士与人民的强烈反对。因为对现实不满，他致力于创造自己的童话世界。不料，却被举国上下一致反对，因为建造如此辉煌奢华的宫殿，他的国家陷入穷困。当这个城堡就要落成的前夕，1886年6月12日，这个单身富于幻想的当年轻国王最后一次视察了这个城堡的工程进度，返回慕尼黑的途，却消失在夜幕中，第二天清晨在湖中发现国王和医生的尸体. 而恰恰在此5天前，巴伐利亚国家医药委员会刚刚宣布路德维希二世患有精神病。当时他只有41岁。路德维希的死给他的家人留下了1500万马克的债务，也给世人留下了未完的梦。世事沧桑，后来德国人把路德维希二世的梦变成了现实，耗费巨资建成的新天鹅城堡，现在已成为德国的象征和世界著名景观。

新天鹅城堡（Neuschwanstein Castle）又名“白雪公主城堡”，是座白墙蓝顶的神话城堡，坐落于于德国Fussen小镇上，在阿尔卑斯山脉中，始建1869年。

城堡的建造非常具有戏剧性。

Standing in sharp contrast to the bustling metropolises of Germany, Fussen Germany i s a remarkable town nestled at the foot of the Bavarian Alps. Despite the town’s comp aratively small size--14,357--

Fussen tourism is quite strong because of its amazing vistas and the remarkable histori c attractions nearby. Two historic castles are also located nearby--Hohenschwangau and Neuschwanstein Fussen Germany.

最初它是由巴伐利亚国王路德维希二世（King Ludwig II of Bavaria）的梦想所设计，国王是艺术的爱好者，一生受着瓦格纳歌剧的影响，他构想了那传说中曾是白雪公主居住的地方。他邀请剧院画家和舞台布置者绘制了建筑草图，梦幻的气氛、无数的天鹅图画，加上围绕城堡四周的湖泊，沉沉的湖水，美得如诗如画，宛如人间仙境，是德国的象征之一，被德国人引为骄傲。

Schloss Neuschwanstein ("New Swan Stone Castle") is one of the most beautiful and famous castles in Germany. Originally ordered to be built by King Ludwig II, this fair y tale castle is the epitome of neo-

romantic style. The famous German castle overlooks the picturesque Hohenschwanga u valley and is located only a short distance from the popular tourist town, Fussen.

菩提行宫的维纳斯洞室是人造景点，却仿以天然。路易二世常在这个梦样的空间里欣常华格纳的歌剧。

世界上没有一个国家像德国那样拥有如此众多的城堡，据说目前仍有14000个。从奥格斯堡到富森,光是坐火车一路的风景都会让遐思神往。这犹如人间仙境的地方藏着有关魔法、国王，骑士的古老的民间传说，还有那无边原始的森林、柔嫩的山坡、无边的绿野上漫步着成群的牛羊，积雪终年的阿尔卑斯山和无尽宽阔的大湖。

The Romantic Road--

a road that runs across the countryside and features beautiful old walled towns, gorgeo us meadows, and picturesque villages--

comes to its end in Fussen, and what an end it is. Looking out upon the hills and moun tains of Germany is breathtaking, and you haven’t even seen the castles yet.

新天鹅堡中美轮美奂的“歌者大堂”，就像一个中古宴会厅。里面有大量德国天鹅雕塑，仿佛一个童话般的世界城堡。由于白色城堡耸立在高高的山上，其四周环山和湖泊。所以一年四季，风光各异。

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The second castle is perhaps the more famous of the two: New Swan Stone Castle, or Neuschwanstein Fussen Germany. With its spiraling towers and brilliant walls, this ca stle looks like it was brought straight out of a fairytale. Beauty and elegance intertwin e to create a breathtaking treat for the eyes. Ludwig II originally ordered construction on the great building in 1869, but it was never completely finished. The King was a tr

emendous fan of Richard Wagner and the castle was named after the Swan Knight in Wagner’s opera. Ludwig’s love of the composer is quite evident as you walk through Neuschwanstein’s luxurious passageways--

many paintings hang on the walls that depict scenes from Wagner’s operas. The best v iew of this enchanting castle, and the waterfall, is from the nearby Mary’s Bridge. Be sure to bring your camera, because your friends will be astounded by the pictures of N euschwanstein Fussen Germany.

它是真实的童话----新天鹅城堡。蓝天白云下，雾海缭绕中，乳白色的外墙辉映着金色的阳光，灰色的尖顶直刺苍穹。青山翠谷，层峦叠嶂中，童话像梦境般不染凡间烟火，又像丝绸般有触手可及的动心。

它的美丽是罗曼蒂克的，是有灵性的，像晨雾一样漂浮在眼前，伸手可及，却又抓不住；像仙界的音乐，飘飘然地飞在半空中，余韵从指缝中穿过不知去向；那种美丽是到人间散心的仙女，玩一会就走，留是留不住的，只在虚无缥缈间若隐若现。

游人可以在山麓乘坐马车上山也可以徒步欣赏那一路奇花异草上山。去探访这座充满传奇的城堡。只见城堡建于三面绝壁的山峰上，背靠阿尔卑斯山脉，下临一片广阔的大湖背靠,显得尤为神圣而庄严,全高约70米。城堡四角为圆柱形尖顶，上面设有瞭望塔.新天鹅宫内部装饰极为豪华，有彩色大理石地面的舞厅，金碧辉煌的大殿，有名贵的古董、珠宝和艺术品，还在那里静静的等待那国王的梦想和永远不能上演的瓦格纳的舞台剧。

远眺新天鹅城堡令人有一种梦境般的感觉——高低错落的塔尖在风动的树林中时掩时现，仿佛有人声在浮动。新天鹅城堡坐落在群山环抱之中，矗立在石山高原上，背一面清澈透明的湖水，鸟瞰四周缓缓起伏的树林，幽静的自然景色与新天鹅堡梦境般的外貌相互辉映

Neuschwanstein Castle, Germany

This is King Ludwig's magnificent and most famous castle, built in the neo-late romanesque style. With its turrets and mock-medievalism, its interior styles ranging from Byzantine through Romanesque to Gothic its a real fairy-tale fantasy come true.

It was built between 1869 and 1886 for the

Bavarian King Ludwig II. A splendid and

imaginative "fairy-tale castle" high above the

Alpsee lake with the Alps towering above it.

Only about a third of the building was actually

completed. The 15 rooms you see on the tour

show astonishing craftsmanship and richness of detail. Woodcarving in

Ludwig's bedroom took 14 carpenters 4 1/2 years to complete. Wagner's operas feature everywhere in the form of murals.

The best view of the castle and a 45m waterfall is from the nearby Mary's Bridge (Marienbruecke), which spans a deep gorge. On the path between this bridge and the castle is a wonderful view of Hohenschwangau and the Alpsee.