建筑行业术语英语词汇
□建筑行业术语英语词汇
1. ARCHITECTURE 建筑专业
a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据
b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段
c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件
d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称
e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚
f. W ALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)
g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟
h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDW ARE)
门、玻璃、窗及五金件
I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVA TOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯
j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语
【Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】
【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】
【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】
【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】
【Timber 木材】
【Metallic Materials 金属材料】
【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】
【Anti-Corrosion Materials防腐蚀材料】
【Building Hardware 建筑五金】
【Paint 油漆】
k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语
【Discipline 专业】
【Conventional Terms 一般通用名词】
【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】
【Name Of Professional role 职务名称】
【Drafting 制图】
2. STRUCTURE 结构专业
a. LOAD 荷载
b. GROUND BASE AND FOUNDATION 地基及基础
c. REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTURE 钢筋混凝土结构
d. STEEL STRUCTURE 钢结构
e. DESIGN FOR ANTISEISMIC 抗震设计
f. GENERAL WORDS FOR DESIGN设计常用词汇
g. GENERAL WORDS FOR CONSTRUCTION 施工常用词汇1. ARCHITECTURE 建筑专业
a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据
计划建议书planning proposals
设计任务书design order
标准规范standards and codes
条件图information drawing
设计基础资料basic data for design
工艺流程图process flowchart
工程地质资料engineering geological data
原始资料original data
设计进度schedule of design
b. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段
方案scheme, draft
草图sketch
会谈纪要summary of discussion
谈判negotiation
可行性研究feasibility study
初步设计preliminary design
基础设计basic design
详细设计detail design
询价图enquiry drawing
施工图working drawing, construction drawing
竣工图as built drawing
c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件
日照sunshine
风玫瑰wind rose
主导风向prevailing wind direction
最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load
最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall
雷击及闪电thunder and lightning
飓风hurricane
台风typhoon
旋风cyclone
降雨强度rainfall intensity
年降雨量annual rainfall
湿球温度wet bulb temperature
干球温度dry bulb temperature
冰冻期frost period
冰冻线frost line冰冻区frost zone
室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature
采暖地区region with heating provision
不采暖地区region without heating provision
绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure
相对湿度relative humidity
d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称
办公室office
服务用房service room
换班室shift room
休息室rest room (break room)
起居室living room
浴室bathroom
淋浴间shower
更衣室locker room
厕所lavatory
门厅lobby
诊室clinic
工作间workshop
电气开关室switchroom
走廊corridor
档案室archive
电梯机房lift motor room
车库garage
清洁间cleaning room
会议室(正式) conference room
会议室meeting room
衣柜间ward robe
暖风间H.V.A.C room
饭店restaurant
餐厅canteen, dining room
厨房kitchen
入口entrance
接待处reception area
会计室accountant room
秘书室secretary room
电气室electrical room
控制室control room
工长室foreman office
开关柜室switch gear
前室antecabinet (Ante.)
生产区production area
马达控制中心Mcc
多功能用房utility room
化验室laboratory room
经理室manager room
披屋(阁楼) penthouse
警卫室guard house
e. ROOFING AND CEILING屋面及天棚
女儿墙parapet
雨蓬canopy
屋脊roof ridge
坡度slope
坡跨比pitch
分水线water-shed
二毡三油2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic 附加油毡一层extra ply of felt
檐口eave
挑檐overhanging eave
檐沟eave gutter
平屋面flat roof
坡屋面pitched roof
雨水管downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P)
汇水面积catchment area
泛水flashing
内排水interior drainage
外排水exterior drainage
滴水drip
屋面排水roof drainage
找平层leveling course
卷材屋面built-up roofing
天棚ceiling
檩条purlin
屋面板roofing board
天花板ceiling board
防水层water-proof course
检查孔inspection hole
人孔manhole
吊顶suspended ceiling, false ceiling
檐板(窗帘盒) cornice
f. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)
砖墙brick wall
砌块墙block wall
清水砖墙brick wall without plastering
抹灰墙rendered wall
石膏板墙gypsum board, plaster board
空心砖墙hollow brick wall
承重墙bearing wall
非承重墙non-bearing wall
纵墙longitudinal wall
横墙transverse wall
外墙external (exterior) wall
内墙internal (interior) wall
填充墙filler wall
防火墙fire wall
窗间墙wall between window
空心墙cavity wall
压顶coping
圈梁gird, girt, girth
玻璃隔断glazed wall
防潮层damp-proof course (D.P.C)
遮阳板sunshade
阳台balcony
伸缩缝expansion joint
沉降缝settlement joint
抗震缝seismic joint
复合夹心板sandwich board
压型单板corrugated single steel plate
外墙板cladding panel
复合板composite panel
轻质隔断light-weight partition
牛腿bracket
砖烟囱brick chimney
勒脚(基座) plinth
g. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟
地坪grade
地面和楼面ground and floor
素土夯实rammed earth
炉渣夯实tamped cinder
填土filled earth
回填土夯实tamped backfill
垫层bedding course, blinding
面层covering, finish
结合层bonding (binding) course
找平层leveling course
素水泥浆结合层neat cement binding course
混凝土地面concrete floor
水泥地面cement floor
机器磨平混凝土地面machine trowelled concrete floor
水磨石地面terrazzo flooring
马赛克地面mosaic flooring
瓷砖地面ceramic tile flooring
油地毡地面linoleum flooring
预制水磨石地面precast terrazzo flooring
硬木花地面hard-wood parquet flooring
搁栅joist
硬木毛地面hard-wood rough flooring
企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring
防酸地面acid-resistant floor
钢筋混凝土楼板reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab) 乙烯基地面vinyl flooring
水磨石嵌条divider strip for terrazzo
地面做2％坡floor with 2% slope
集水沟gully
集水口gulley
排水沟drainage trench
沟盖板trench cover
活动盖板removable cover plate
集水坑sump pit
孔翻边hole up stand
电缆沟cable trench
h. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDW ARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件木(钢)门wooden (steel) door
镶板门panelled door
夹板门plywood door
铝合金门aluminum alloy door
卷帘门roller shutter door
弹簧门swing door
推拉门sliding door
平开门side-hung door
折叠门folding door
旋转门revolving door
玻璃门glazed door
密闭门air-Tight door
保温门thermal insulating door
镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wire mesh door
防火门fire door
(大门上的)小门wicket
门框door frame
门扇door leaf
门洞door opening
结构开洞structural opening
单扇门single door
双扇门double door
疏散门emergency door
纱门screen door
门槛door sill
门过梁door lintel
上冒头top rail
下冒头bottom rail
门边木stile
门樘侧料side jumb
槽口notch
木窗wooden window
钢窗steel window
铝合金窗aluminum alloy window
百叶窗(通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind)
塑钢窗plastic steel window
空腹钢窗hollow steel window
固定窗fixed window
平开窗side-hung window
推拉窗sliding window
气窗transom
上悬窗top-hung window
中悬窗center-pivoted window
下悬窗hopper window
活动百叶窗adjustable louver
天窗skylight
老虎窗dormer window
密封双层玻璃sealed double glazing
钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel
钢筋砖过梁reinforced brick lintel
窗扇casement sash
窗台window sill
窗台板window board
窗中梃mullion
窗横木mutin
窗边木stile
压缝条cover mould
窗帘盒curtain box
合页(铰链) hinge (butts)
转轴pivot
长脚铰链parliament hinge
闭门器door closer
地弹簧floor closer
插销bolt
门锁door lock
拉手pull
链条chain
门钩door hanger
碰球ball latch
窗钩window catch
暗插销insert bolt
电动开关器electric opener
平板玻璃plate glass
夹丝玻璃wire glass
透明玻璃clear glass
毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)
防弹玻璃bullet-proof glass
石英玻璃quartz glass
吸热玻璃heat absorbing glass
磨光玻璃polished glass
着色玻璃pigmented glass
玻璃瓦glass tile
玻璃砖glass block
有机玻璃organic glass
I. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯
楼梯stair
楼梯间staircase
疏散梯emergency stair
旋转梯spiral stair (circular stair)
吊车梯crane ladder
直爬梯vertical ladder
踏步step
扇形踏步winder (wheel step)
踏步板tread
档步板riser
踏步宽度tread width
防滑条non-slip insert (strips)
栏杆railing (balustrade)
平台栏杆platform railing
吊装孔栏杆railing around mounting hole
扶手handrail
梯段高度height of flight
防护梯笼protecting cage (safety cage)
平台landing (platform)
操作平台operating platform
装卸平台platform for loading & unloading
楼梯平台stair landing
客梯passenger lift
货梯goods lift
客/货两用梯goods/passenger lift
液压电梯hydraulic lift
自动扶梯escalator
观光电梯observation elevator
电梯机房lift mortar room
电梯坑lift pit
电梯井道lift shaft
j. BUILDING MA TERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语
Bricks and Tiles砖和瓦
红砖red brick
粘土砖clay brick
瓷砖glazed brick (ceramic tile)
防火砖fire brick
空心砖hollow brick
面砖facing brick
地板砖flooring tile
缸砖clinkery brick
马赛克mosaic
陶粒混凝土ceramsite concrete
琉璃瓦glazed tile
脊瓦ridge tile
石棉瓦asbestos tile (shingle)
波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheet
Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石
石膏gypsum
大理石marble
汉白玉white marble
花岗岩granite
碎石crushed stone
毛石rubble
蛭石vermiculite
珍珠岩pearlite
水磨石terrazzo
卵石cobble
砾石gravel
粗砂course sand
中砂medium sand
细砂fine sand
Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥)Portland cement
硅酸盐水泥silicate cement
火山灰水泥pozzolana cement
白水泥white cement
水泥砂浆cement mortar
石灰砂浆lime mortar
水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar
保温砂浆thermal mortar
防水砂浆water-proof mortar
耐酸砂浆acid-resistant mortar
耐碱砂浆alkaline-resistant mortar
沥青砂浆bituminous mortar
纸筋灰paper strip mixed lime mortar
麻刀灰hemp cut lime mortar
灰缝mortar joint
素混凝土plain concrete
钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete
轻质混凝土lightweight concrete
细石混凝土fine aggregate concrete
沥青混凝土asphalt concrete
泡沫混凝土foamed concrete
炉渣混凝土cinder concrete
Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料水刷石granitic plaster
斩假石artificial stone
刷浆lime wash
可赛银casein
大白浆white wash
麻刀灰打底hemp cuts and lime as base
喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash
分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned 板条抹灰lath and plaster Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉
沥青卷材asphalt felt
沥青填料asphalt filler
沥青胶泥asphalt grout
冷底子油adhesive bitumen primer
沥青玛啼脂asphaltic mastic
沥青麻丝bitumastic oakum
石棉板asbestos sheet
石棉纤维asbestos fiber
Timber 木材
裂缝crack
透裂split
环裂shake
干缩shrinkage
翘曲warping
原木log
圆木round timber
方木square timber
板材plank
木条batten
板条lath
木板board
红松red pine
白松white pine
落叶松deciduous pine
云杉spruce
柏木cypress
白杨white poplar
桦木birch
冷杉fir
栎木oak
榴木willow
榆木elm
杉木cedar
柚木teak
樟木camphor wood
防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber 胶合板plywood
三(五)合板3(5)-plywood
企口板tongued and grooved board
层夹板laminated plank
胶合层夹木材glue-laminated lumber
纤维板fiber-board
竹子bamboo
Metallic Materials 金属材料
黑色金属ferrous metal
圆钢steelbBar
方钢square steel
扁钢steel atrap
型钢steel section (shape)
槽钢channel
角钢angle steel
等边角钢equal-leg angle
不等边角钢unequal-leg angle
工字钢I-beam
宽翼缘工字钢wide flange I-beam
丁( 之)字钢T-bar (Z-bar)
冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape 热轧hot-rolled
冷轧cold-rolled
冷拉cold-drawn
冷压cold-pressed
合金钢alloy steel
钛合金titanium alloy
不锈钢stainless steel
竹节钢筋corrugated steel bar
变形钢筋deformed bar
光圆钢筋plain round bar
钢板steel plate
薄钢板thin steel plate
低碳钢low carbon steel
冷弯cold bending
钢管steel pipe (tube)
无缝钢管seamless steel pipe
焊接钢管welded steel pipe
黑铁管iron pipe
镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe
铸铁cast iron
生铁pig iron
熟铁wrought iron
镀锌铁皮galvanized steel sheet
镀锌铁丝galvanized steel wire
钢丝网steel wire mesh
多孔金属网expanded metal
锰钢managanese steel
高强度合金钢high strength alloy steel
Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属
金gold
白金platinum
铜copper
黄铜brass
青铜bronze
银silver
铝aluminum
铅lead
Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料
聚乙烯polythene, polyethylene
尼龙nylon
聚氯乙烯PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
聚碳酸酯polycarbonate
聚苯乙烯polystyrene
丙烯酸树酯acrylic resin
乙烯基酯vinyl ester
橡胶内衬rubber lining
氯丁橡胶neoprene
沥青漆bitumen paint
环氧树脂漆epoxy resin paint
氧化锌底漆zinc oxide primer
防锈漆anti-rust paint
耐酸漆acid-resistant paint
耐碱漆alkali-resistant paint
水玻璃sodium silicate
树脂砂浆resin-bonded mortar
环氧树脂epoxy resin
Building Hardware 建筑五金
钉子nails
螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail
环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum board nail
螺丝screws
平头螺丝flat-head screw
螺栓bolt
普通螺栓commercial bolt
高强螺栓high strength bolt
预埋螺栓insert bolt
胀锚螺栓cinch bolt
垫片washer
Paint 油漆
底漆primer
防锈底漆rust-inhibitive primer
防腐漆anti-corrosion paint
调和漆mixed paint
无光漆flat paint
透明漆varnish
银粉漆aluminum paint
磁漆enamel paint
干性油drying oil
稀释剂thinner
焦油tar
沥青漆asphalt paint
桐油tung oil, Chinese wood oil
红丹red lead
铅油lead oil
腻子putty
k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语
Discipline 专业
建筑architecture
土木civil
给排水water supply and drainage
总图plot plan
采暖通风H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)
电力供应electric power supply
电气照明electric lighting
电讯telecommunication
仪表instrument
热力供应heat power supply
动力mechanical power
工艺process technology
管道piping
Conventional Terms 一般通用名词
建筑原理architectonics
建筑形式architectural style
民用建筑civil architecture
城市建筑urban architecture
农村建筑rural architecture
农业建筑farm building
工业建筑industrial building
重工业的heavy industrial
轻工业的light industrial
古代建筑ancient architecture
现代建筑modern architecture
标准化建筑standardized buildings
附属建筑auxiliary buildings
城市规划city planning
厂区内within site
厂区外offsite
封闭式closed type
开敞式open type
半开敞式semi-open type
模数制modular system
单位造价unit cost
概算preliminary estimate
承包商constructor, contractor
现场site
扩建extension
改建reconstruction
防火fire-prevention
防震aseismatic, quake-proof
防腐anti-corrosion
防潮dump-proof
防水water-proof
防尘dust-proof
防锈rust-proof
车流量traffic volume
货流量freight traffic volume
人流量pedestrian volume
透视图perspective drawing
建筑模型building model
Architectural Physics 建筑物理
照明illumination
照度degree of illumination
亮度brightness
日照sunshine
天然采光natural lighting
光强light intensity
侧光side light
顶光top light
眩光glaze
方位角azimuth
辐射radiation
对流convection
传导conduction
遮阳sun-shade
保温thermal insulation
恒温constant temperature
恒湿constant humidity
噪音noise
隔音sound-proof
吸音sound absorption
露点dew point
隔汽vapor-proof
Name Of Professional role 职务名称
项目经理project manager (PM)
设计经理design manager
首席建筑师principal architect
总工程师chief engineer
土木工程师civil engineer
工艺工程师process engineer
电气工程师electrical engineer
机械工程师mechanical engineer
计划工程师planning engineer
助理工程师assistant engineer
实习生probationer
专家specialist, expert
制图员draftsman
技术员technician
Drafting 制图
总说明general specification
工程说明project specification
采用标准规范目录list of standards and
specification adopted
图纸目录list of drawings
平面图plan
局部放大图detail with enlarged scale
．．．平面示意图schematic plan of...
．．．平剖面图sectional plan of...
留孔平面图plan of provision of holes
剖面section
纵剖面longitudinal section
横剖面cross (transverse) section
立面elevation
正立面front elevation
透视图perspective drawing
侧立面side elevation
背立面back elevation
详图detail drawings
典型节点typical detail
节点号detail No.
首页front page
图纸目录及说明list of contents and description
图例legend
示意图diagram
草图sketch
荷载简图load diagram
流程示意图flow diagram
标准图standard drawing
．．．布置图layout of ...
地形图topographical map
土方工程图earth-work drawing
展开图developed drawing
模板图formwork drawing
配筋arrangement of reinforcement
表格tables
工程进度表working schedule
技术经济指标technical and economical index
建、构筑物一览表list of buildings and structures 编号coding
序列号serial No.
行和栏rows and columns
备注remarks
等级grade
直线straight Line
曲线curves
曲折线zigzag line
虚线dotted line
实线solid line
影线hatching line
点划线dot and dash line 轴线axis
等高线contour Line
中心线center Line
双曲线hyperbola
抛物线parabola
切线tangent Line
尺寸线dimension Line
园形round
环形annular
方形square
矩形rectangle
平行四边形parallelogram
三角形triangle
五角形pentagon
六角形hexagon
八角形octagon
梯形trapezoid
圆圈circle
弓形sagment
扇形sector
球形的spherical
抛物面paraboloid
圆锥形cone
椭圆形ellipse, oblong
面积area
体积volume
容量capacity
重量weight
质量mass
力force
米meter
厘米centimeter
毫米millimeter
公顷hectate
牛顿/平方米Newton/square meter 千克/立方米kilogram/cubic meter 英尺foot
英寸inch
磅pound
吨ton
加仑gallon
千磅kip
平均尺寸average dimension
变尺寸variable dimension
外形尺寸overall dimension
展开尺寸developed dimension
内径inside diameter
外径outside diameter
净重net weight
毛重gross weight
数量quantity
百分比percentage
净空clearance
净高headroom
净距clear distance
净跨clear span
截面尺寸sectional dimension
开间bay
进深depth
单跨single span
双跨double span
多跨multi-span
标高elevation, level
绝对标高absolute elevation
设计标高designed elevation
室外地面标高ground elevation
室内地面标高floor elevation
柱网column grid
坐标coordinate
厂区占地site area
使用面积usable area
辅助面积service area
通道面积passage area
管架pipe rack
管廊pipeline gallery
架空管线overhead pipeline
排水沟drain ditch
集水坑sump pit
喷泉fountain
地漏floor drain
消火栓fire hydrant
灭火器fire extinguisher
二氧化碳灭火器carbon dioxide extinguisher 卤代烷灭火器halon extinguisher
2. STRUCTURE 结构专业
a. Load 荷载
拔力pulling force
标准值standard value
残余应力residual stress
冲击荷载impact load, punch load
残余变形residual deflection
承压bearing
承载能力bearing capacity
承重bearing, load bearing
承重结构bearing structure 脆性材料brittle material
脆性破坏brittle failure
抵抗力resisting power, resistance
吊车荷载crane load
分布荷载distributed load
风荷载wind load
风速wind velocity, wind speed
风压wind pressure
风振wind vibration
浮力buoyance, floatage
符号symbol, mark
负弯矩negative moment, hogging moment
附加荷载additional load
附加应力additional stress
副作用side effect, by-effect
刚度rigidity
刚度比ratio of rigidity
刚度系数rigidity factor
刚接rigid connection
刚性节点rigid joint
恒载dead load
荷载传递transmission of load
固端弯矩fixed-end moment
活荷载live load
积灰荷载dust load
集中荷载concentrated load
加载, 加荷loading
剪力shear, shearing force
剪切破坏shear failure
剪应变shear strain
剪应力shear stress
简支simple support
静定结构statically determinate structure
截面模量modulus of section,section modulus 静力static force
静力分析static analysis
局部压力local pressure, partial pressure
局部压屈local bulkling
绝对值absolute value
均布荷载uniformly distributed load
抗拔力pulling resistance
抗剪刚度shear rigidity
抗剪强度shear strength, shearing strength
抗拉强度tensile strength
抗扭torsion resistance
抗扭刚度torsional rigidity
抗弯bending resistance
抗弯刚度bending rigidity
抗压强度compressive strength,compression strength 可靠性reliability
可靠性设计reliability design
拉力tensile force
拉应力tensile stress, tension stress
拉应变tensile strain, tension strain
临界点critical point
临界荷载critical load
临界应力critical stress
密度density
离心力centrifugal force
摩擦力friction force
摩擦系数frictional factor
挠度deflection
内力internal force, inner force
扭矩moment of torsion, torsional moment
疲劳强度fatigue strength
偏心荷载eccentric load, non-central load
偏心距eccentric distance, eccentricity
偏心受拉eccentric tension
偏心受压eccentric compression
屈服强度yield strength
使用荷载working load
水平力horizontal force
水平推力horizontal thrust
弹塑性变形elastoplastic deformation
弹性elasticity, resilience, spring
塑限plastic limit
弹性变形elastic deformation
塑性变形plastic deformation
弹性模量modulus of elastic, elastic modulus
体积volume, bulk, cubature, cubage
土压力earth pressure, soil pressure
弯矩bending moment, moment
弯曲半径radius at bent, radius of curve
位移displacement
温度应力temperature stress
温度作用temperature action
系数coefficient, factor
雪荷载snow load
压应变compression strain
压应力compression stress
应力集中concentration of stress
预应力prestressing force, prestress
振动荷载vibrating load, racking load
支座反力support reaction
自重own weight
作用action, effect
作用点point of application,application joint
b. Ground Base and Foundation 地基及基础
板桩sheet pile, sheeting pile
板桩基础sheet pile foundation
饱和粘土saturation clay
冰冻线frost line, freezing level
不均匀沉降unequal settlement, differential settlement
残积土residual soil
沉积物deposit, sediment
沉降settlement
沉降差difference in settlement
沉降缝settlement joint
沉井sinking well, sunk well
沉箱caisson
持力层bearing stratum
冲积alluviation
锤夯hammer tamping
档土墙retaining wall, breast wall
底板base slab, base plate, bed plate
地板floor board
地基ground base, ground
地基承载力ground bearing capacity
地基处理ground treatment, soil treatment
地基稳定base stabilization
地梁ground beam, ground sill
地漏floor drain
地下工程substructure work,understructure work
地下室basement, cellar
地下水ground water
地下水位groundwater level, water table
地下水压力ground water pressure
地质报告geologic report
垫层bedding, blinding
独立基础isolated foundation, individual foundation
端承桩end-bearing pile
筏式基础raft foundation
粉砂silt, rock flour
粉质粘土silty clay
粉质土silty soil
扶壁式档土墙buttressed retaining wall
腐蚀corrosion
覆土earth covering
刚性基础rigid foundation
沟盖板trench cover
固结consolidation
灌注桩cast-in-place pile, cast in site pile
护坡slope protection, revetment
护桩guard pile
环墙ring wall
灰土lime earth
回填backfill, backfilling
回填土backfill, backfill soil
混凝土找平层concrete screed
火山灰水泥trass cement
基槽foundation trench
基础foundation, base
基础底板foundation slab
基础埋深embedded depth of foundation
基础平面图foundation plan
地基勘探site exploration, site investigation 基坑foundation pit
集水坑collecting sump
阶形基础stepped foundation
结合层binding course, bonding course
井点well point
井点排水well point unwatering
开挖excavation, cutting
勘测exploration and survey
勘测资料exploration data
沥青bitumen, asphalt, pitch
联合基础combined foundation
卵石cobble, pebble
埋置embedment
毛石基础rubble foundation
锚筋anchor bar
锚桩anchor pile
密实度compactness, density, denseness
摩擦桩friction pile, floating pile
粘土clay
粘质粉土clay silt
碾压roller compaction, rolling
排水drainage, dewatering
排水沟drainage ditch
排水孔weep hole, drain hole
排水设备dewatering equipment
普通硅酸盐水泥ordinary Portland cement 群桩grouped piles
容许沉降permissible settlement
容许承载力allowable bearing
软土soft soil
砂垫层sand bedding course, sand cushion 砂土sandy soil, sands
砂质粉土sandy silt
设备基础equipment foundation
水泥搅拌桩cement injection
素土夯实rammed earth, packed soil
碎石桩stone columns
弹性地基elastic foundation
弹性地基梁beam on elastic foundation
填方fill, filling
填土earth-fill, earth filling, filling
条形基础strip foundation
土方工程earthwork
挖方excavation work, excavation
箱形基础box foundation
压实compaction, compacting
压实系数compacting factor
验槽check of foundation subsoil
预制混凝土桩precast concrete pile
中砂medium sand
重力式档土墙gravity retaining wall
桩承台pile cap
钻孔桩bored pile
钻探exploration drilling, drilling,
最终沉降final settlement
c.Reinforcement Concrete Structure 钢筋混凝土结构
板缝slab joint
板厚thickness of slab
板式楼梯cranked slab stairs
板跨度span of slab
薄壁结构thin-walled structure
薄腹梁thin wedded girder
保护层protective coating
臂式吊车boom crane, boom hoist
边梁edge beam, boundary beam
变截面variable cross-section
变形缝movement joint
变形钢筋deformed bar
初凝initial setting, pre-setting
次梁secondary beam
大型屋面板precast ribbed roof slab
单层厂房one-storied factory
单筋梁beam with single reinforcement
单跨single span
单向板one-way slab
垫块cushion block
垫梁template beam
吊车梁crane beam, crane girder
顶棚抹灰ceiling plastering
端跨end span, tail bay
多跨连续梁multi-span beam
翻边upstand
反梁upstand beam
分布钢筋distribution-bar
封闭式箍筋closed stirrup
附加钢筋additional bar
刚架rigid frame, stiff frame
钢筋reinforcement, steel bar, bar
钢筋表Bar Schedules
钢筋笼steel reinforcement cage
钢筋间距spacing of bars, bar spacing
钢筋网bar-mat reinforcement, mesh reinforcement 钢筋砖reinforced brick
勾缝joint pointing
构架frame, gallows
构件member, structural member
构造construction
构造钢筋constructional reinforcement
构造柱onstructional column, tie column
构筑物structure
箍筋hoop reinforcement, hooping
箍筋间距stirrup spacing
固定端fixed end, retained end
固端梁fixed-end beam, fixed beam
过梁lintel, breast summer
混凝土强度等级grade of concrete
机制砖machine-made brick
剪力墙shear wall
简支梁simply supported beam
经济跨度economic span
经济配筋率economic ratio of reinforcement
劲性钢筋stiff reinforcement
劲性钢筋混凝土结构steel composite construction 径向钢筋radial reinforcement
抗剪钢筋shear reinforcement
抗拉钢筋tension reinforcement
受压钢筋compression reinforcement
可见裂缝visible crack
刻痕钢丝indented steel wire
坑pit, hollow, delve
空斗墙rowlock cavity wall, rolock wall
空心板hollow slab
空心砖隔墙hollow tile partition
跨度span
框架frame
框架剪力墙结构frame-shear wall structure
拉接钢筋tie bar
栏杆railing, banister
栏杆立柱railing post
老化aging 累积误差accumulated error
肋形楼板ribbed floor slab
冷拔低碳钢丝cold-drawn low-carbon wire
冷脆性cold shortness, cooling brittleness
冷弯cold bending
冷轧cold rolling
离析segregation
梁垫beam pad, template, pad
梁挠度beam deflection
楼梯斜梁string, stringer
螺旋楼梯spiral stair, winding staircase
马鞍形壳saddle shell
锚固anchoring
门框, 门樘door frame
门式刚架portal frame
面砖, 墙面砖facing tile, wall tile
耐火混凝土fire-resisting concrete
排架bent, bent frame
女儿墙parapet wall, parapet
配筋率reinforcement ratio
配箍率stirrup ratio
砌块block
圈梁ring beam, tie beam, bond beam
山墙gable
深梁deep beam
伸缩缝expansion joint
实腹梁solid web girder
实腹柱solid web column
竖向钢筋vertical reinforcement
双向配筋two-way reinforcement
素混凝土plain concrete
筒中筒结构tube-in-tube structure
网状钢筋steel mesh reinforcement
围堰cofferdam, coffer
无梁楼盖flat slab, flat plate系梁tie beam
预应力钢筋混凝土prestressed reinforced concrete 预应力构件prestressed component
预制prefabrication
预制板precast slab
预制构件prefabrication component
预制装配式结构prefabricated construction
折板folded plate, folded slab
折板结构folded-plate structure
主筋main reinforcement, main bar
主梁main beam, girder
柱距column spacing, post spacing
装配式结构fabricated structure
纵梁longitudinal beam
纵剖面longitudinal section
纵向钢筋longitudinal bar
d. Steel Structure 钢结构
薄壁型钢light-gauge steel section, hollow steel section
不等肢角钢unequal angle steel
槽钢channel, channel steel
背对背角钢组合angles back to back
不锈钢stainless steel
除锈rust-removal
粗制螺栓rough bolt, black bolt
带钢strip steel, band iron
单面焊single weld, one-side welding
地脚螺栓foundation bolt, anchor bolt,holding down bolt
点焊spot welding, point welding
电动葫芦electric hoist
等边角钢equal angle, equal leg angle
对接焊, 对焊butt welding
腹板web plate, web
腹杆web member
腹板加劲件web stiffener
杆rod, bar
钢板steel plate
钢管steel tube, steel pipe
钢桁架steel truss
钢框架steel frame
钢梯, 爬梯steel ladder
高强度螺栓high strength bolt
格构柱lattice column
工字梁I-girder, I-beam
工字钢I-steel
工字形截面I-shaped cross-section
焊缝welding seam
焊接welding
焊接长度weld length
焊条welding rod
桁架truss
红丹底漆red lead primer
红丹漆red lead paint
加劲肋stiffening rib, rib stiffener
加劲板stiffening plate
角钢angle steel
节点joint, node
节点板gusset plate, gusset
节点位移joint displacement
节间长度panel length 紧固螺栓clamp bolt, fastening bolt
精制螺栓turned bolt
可焊性weldability
空腹桁架open-web truss
空间桁架space truss
肋板ribbed panel, ribbed slab
连接板connecting plate, joint plate
檩条purline
螺母screw nut, nut
螺栓bolt
螺栓孔bolt hole
螺纹screw thread, thread
螺纹长度length of thread
螺纹钢screw-threaded steel, twisted steel
拉杆tie rod, tension rod
满焊full weld
铆钉rivet
锰钢manganese steel
喷砂sand blasting
轻钢结构lightweight steel construction
三角架tripod
上弦top chord, upper chord
上弦横向水平支撑upper lateral bracing
上弦纵向水平支撑upper longitudinal bracing 平面桁架plane truss
实腹刚架solid web rigid frame
塔架pylon bent
特种钢special steel
调和漆mixed paint
贴角焊fillet weld, fillet welding
托架bracket
网架结构grid structure
屋架roof truss, principal
无缝钢管seamless steel pipe
系杆tie rod, tie bar, tie
下弦bottom chord, lower chord
下弦横向水平支撑bottom lateral bracing
斜撑diagonal brace, diagonal bracing
型钢section steel, shaped steel
悬索suspended cable, suspension cable
压力焊pressure welding
仰焊overhead welding, inverted welding
翼缘flange
翼缘板flange plate, cover plate
轧制型钢rolled steel section
支撑bracing, strutting
铸铁管cast iron pipe
组合槽钢built-up channel
组合截面built-up section,compound section
自动焊接automatic welding
e. Design for Antiseismic 抗震设计
鞭梢效应whipping effect
场地类别site classification
场地土site soil
单自由度体系single-degree of freedom system
底部剪力法equivalent base shear method
地震earthquake, seism
地震烈度earthquake intensity, seismic intensity
地震烈度区划图map of seismic intensity zoning 地震影响系数seismic influence coefficient
地震作用earthquake action
多自由度体系multi-degree of freedom system
反应谱response spectrum
抗震earthquake resistance
抗震缝seismic joint, aseismic joint
抗震构造aseismic construction
抗震设防earthquake fortification
抗震设计seismic design
共振resonance
基本周期foundamental period
里氏震级Richter magnitude
烈度intensity
设计近震design near earthquake
设计远震design far earthquake
时程分析法time history method
液化liquefaction
振型vibration mode
振型分解法modal analysis method
震源earthquake focus
震中earthquake epicenter
自由度degree of freedom
自振周期natural period of vibration
f. General Words for Design 设计常用词汇
安装installation, erection
报价offer, quoted price
报价单quotation
壁柱pilaster, mural column
变更alteration, variation, modification
变形deformation
标高elevation, level
标准standard, criterion
标准大样standard detail
标准图standard drawing
补充规定additional regulations
补充说明additional remarks 补充条件supplementary conditions
不对称asymmetry
布置arrangement, layout
布置图layout plan, layout
材料material
材料表bill of materials
材料强度strength of materials
参见详图referring to detail drawing
参考点reference point
参数parameter
操作平台operating platform
草图sketch, draft, rough drawing
侧向刚度lateral rigidity
侧向稳定lateral stability
侧向约束lateral restraint
侧向支撑lateral bracing, side bracing
拆除demolition, removal
长细比slenderness ratio
厂房factory building, mill building
超静定statical indetermination
承包contract
承包商contractor
等效截面equivalent section
底标高bottom elevation
电梯lift, elevator, electric lift
电梯井elevator hoistway, lift well, lift shaft 电梯机房elevator machine room
方案scheme, plan, programme
方案设计schematic plan
方案图schematic drawing
防爆explosion protection,explosion-proofing 防潮层damp-proof course
防冻freezing prevention, frost protection
防冻剂antifreeze compound
防腐preservation
防腐剂preservative, preservative agent
防滑slip-resistance
防滑处理deslicking treatment
防滑条non-slip insert
防火fire prevention, fire proofing
防火材料fireproof material
防火分区fire compartment
防水waterproofing
防水材料waterproof material
防水砂浆waterproof mortar
防酸acid proofing
方形square
防锈rust prevention
防锈剂anti-rust agent
防振vibration protection
分配系数distribution coefficient
风化weathering, efflorescence
风向wind direction
附图attached drawing
附注note, annotation
高层建筑high-rise building
高差difference in elevation
高跨比ratio of rise to span
高宽比depth-width ratio
高耸结构high-rise structure
隔断partition, divider
工程project, engineering
工程量quantities
工程量表bill of quantities
工业厂房industrial factory building
工业建筑industrial architecture
公称直径nominal diameter
公式formula
公司company, corporation
拱arch
共振resonance, sympathetic vibration
管架pipe rack
规范regulation, code
规格specifications, standards
规模scale, scope
国家规范national regulation
国家标准national standards
合同contract
横向变形transverse deformation
横向刚度lateral rigidity
化工厂chemical plant
货梯freight elevator, goods lift
极限承载能力ultimate bearing capacity
纪要summary
计算书calculation sheet
技术资料technical data
剪刀撑, 交叉撑X-brace, cross brace
简图sketch, diagram
简支梁simple beam
交叉intersection, crossing
交点intersection point
铰接hinged connection, hinge joint, pin connection 结构变形structural deformation
结构图structural drawing
结构形式structural style
结构稳定性structural stability 结论conclusion, verdict
截面section
界限limits, bounds, demarcation line
紧急出口emergency exit
精确度accuracy, precision, excatitude,
局部破坏local failure, partial failure
矩形rectangular
抗冻frost resisting
抗风柱wind resistance column
立面elevation, facade
粒径particle diameter
连续梁continuous beam
两铰拱two-hinged arch
裂缝rift, crack, crevice
楼梯stair
楼梯间staircase
楼梯扶手stair rail
楼梯净空stair headroom
楼梯平台, 休息平台landing, pace, stair landing 楼梯坡度pitch of stair, slope of stair
楼梯踏步stair step
铝合金aluminum alloy
铝合金窗aluminum alloy window
民用建筑civil architecture
摩擦friction
耐火等级fire resistance rating
耐久性durability, endurance
爬梯cat ladder
疲劳破坏fatigue failure
频率frequency
平面布置plan layout
平台terrace, platform, deck
平台栏杆platform railing
剖面section
剖面图sectional drawing
侵蚀corrosion, erosion
倾覆overturning, toppling
人孔manhole
容许误差allowable error, permissible error
容许值permissible value, allowable value
晒图blueprinting
上部结构superstructure
设计要求design requirements
设计资料design data
伸缩缝expansion joint
室外楼梯exterior stair, outside stairway
双向板two-way slab
水平撑horizontal brace
踏步step
踏步板tread
弹簧spring
填充材料filling material
填充墙filler wall
挑板cantilever slab
挑檐projecting eaves, overhang eaves
停车场car park, parking lot
通用构件standard member
通用图standard drawing
通用详图standard detail
统一标准unified standards
统一构件unified structure element
投标bid, tender
招标bidding
图集collective drawings, collection of drawings
图签title block
温差temperature difference
稳定性stability, steadiness
污水处理sewage disposal, sewage treatment
先张法预应力pretensioned prestressing
现行标准currently effective standards
详图, 大样detail drawing, detail
橡胶止水带rubber waterstop
消防firefighting, fire protection
斜率slope
卸荷unloading
卸货平台discharging platform, unloading platform 悬臂cantilever
悬臂板cantilever slab
悬臂梁cantilever beam, overhanging beam
悬挂hanging suspension
压缩机compressor
压缩模量modulus of compression
延性ductility, ductileness
业主client, owner
一览表table, schedule, list
有效截面effective section
预应力损失loss of prestress, prestressing loss
圆形circular shape, round
圆柱circular column, round column
约束confinement, restraint, constraint
约束条件constrain condition
展开图developed drawing
栈桥landing stage, loading bridge
罩棚awning
折减系数reduction factor
折算高度reduced height
支座support, pedestal
直爬梯vertical ladder
止水带water stop
中和轴neutral axis
重心center of gravity
周期period, cycle
转弯半径turning radius
转动惯量rotational inertia
装卸平台loading and unloading platform
g. General Words for Construction施工常用词汇
拌和料mixture
标准级配standard grading
补强strengthening, stiffening
测量survey, measurement
拆模form removal
尺寸dimension, size
抄平leveling
处理treatment
搭接lap joint, lapping, overlap joint
搭接长度splicing length
打底bedding, priming
打夯, 夯实ramming, tamping
打桩pile driving, piling, driving
粗砂coarse sand
捣实rodding, tamping
地质勘测geological exploration, geological survey 吊装hoisting
定位locating, positioning
堆料区stacking area
洞口opening
放大enlargement, amplification
放线setting out
放样lofting, setting out
分层夯实compaction in layers
分层回填back-filling in layers
蜂窝麻面voids and pits
改建reconstruction, alteration
改造transformation, remodeling
钢模steel mould
钢套管steel thimble, steel sleeve
工厂预制构件factory-made component
骨料, 集料aggregate
骨料级配gradation of aggregate
骨料粒径aggregate size
贯入度penetration
灌浆grouting, grout jection
和易性workability
后张法post-tensioning method
含水量water content, moisture content
混凝土剥落scaling of concrete
混凝土外加剂concrete additive, concrete agent 混凝土浇筑pouring of concrete
级配gradation, grading
加固reinforcement, strengthening
加腋haunching
间距spacing, pit
建设building, construction
建筑安装工程construction and installation work 建筑材料building materials
建筑结构building structure
建筑设计院architecture design institute
建筑施工building construction
检修人孔inspection manhole
浇筑pouring, placing, depositing
脚手架scaffold, scaffolding
结构标高structural elevation
进度估计progress estimate
净高clear height
净距clear distance
净空clearance
绝对标高absolute elevation, absolute level
竣工completion
竣工图“As Built” drawing
开工commencement of work
扩建extension, enlargement
离析segregation
临时设施construction site facilities
临时道路temporary road
麻面hungry spots
埋入长度embedment length
面层coat, coating
抹灰plastering, rendering
抹灰面层finish plaster
模板form, shutter board
模板工程formwork
喷涂spray coating, spraying
膨胀螺栓expansion bolt, expansion anchor
平整leveling
平整场地leveling of ground
坡道, 斜坡道ramp, slope ramp, slope way
起吊hoisting
砂浆mortar
升板lift slab
升板法施工lift slab construction
施工construction 施工单位construction organization
施工缝construction joint, working joint
施工图construction drawing
时效aging
试样sample, test sample
收缩shrinkage, contraction
水灰比water-cement ratio
水泥cement
水泥抹面cement plaster
水泥砂浆cement mortar
水泥砂浆找平cement mortar screeding
坍落度slump
梯子ladder, stepladder
提升模板climbing form,climbing shuttering
温度缝temperature joint
误差error, inaccuracy
细骨料fine aggregate
细石混凝土fine concrete
现场预制site prefabrication
现浇混凝土cast-in-place concrete
相对标高relative elevation, relative level
徐变creep
养护curing
永久变形permanent deformation
预留孔preformed hole, prepared hole
预埋件embedded parts, embedded inserts
预埋螺栓embedded bolt, inserted bolt
找平leveling, screeding
找平层leveling coat, leveling course
振捣vibration
振捣棒poker vibration, vibrating needle, vibrator 支模form erecting, erection of shuttering
最佳级配optimum gradation
坐标coordinate