Part VI. Twentieth Century Literature (II) After WWII
Part VI. Twentieth Century Literature (II) After WWII
I. Fill in the blanks.
1.The publication of Robert Lowell' s Life Studies marked the coming
of the age of _________ , which represents a new mode of perception and a way of writing.
2.In poetry, Postmodernism strives to go against the vogue
of______________ poem and its parent style, __________ of the
previous decades.
3.One distinct group of poets in the postwar period is_____________ ,
whose poetry seems to share common features such as ruthless,
excruciating self-analysis of one's own background and heritage,
one's own most private desires and fantasies etc. , and the urgent "
I'll-tell-it-all-to-you" impulse.
4.__________ is the spokesman of postwar Beat Generation in
American literary history.
5.Gary Snyder has been placed next to Allen Ginsberg among the Beat
Generation. He seems to think that the job of the poet is to catch sight of__________________ , which resides nowhere but
in___________ .
6.Gary Snyder may be didactic, but he has a______________ vision.
7.The poets who are labeled by David Perkins "Against Civilization"
are______________ , __________ and____________ .
8.One of the things that the New York School did, for a while in the
1960s, was their experiment with___________ .
9.______ was noted for the " I do this I do that" types of poems. In
these poems , he tells in a flat tone the little things he did on just one
or any of the days in his life. The readers feel bored through most of
the reading process, but feel well rewarded often by a surprise in wait for them, one that is not, however, always apparent.
10.The Black Mountain Poets are so called because these poets are
associated with ______, or with___________ .
11.Charles Olson, the leading figure of the Black Mountain Poets, is
well-known for his essay___________ .
12.Robert Duncan's ideas on poetry include his views of poetry
as________________ and of language with its regenerative
possibilities to____________ .
13.The post-World War D period wasn' t a peaceful one for America.
The life of the 1950s was poisoned at the root by_____ , and that of
the sixties enriched by__________ . Whereas________ weighted all
the time on the consciousness of the people, life was complicated by
violence, political or racial, including the assassination
of___________ and _____ .
14.Ihab Hassan has noticed the variety of postwar fiction. His
categories include ______, ________ , __________ , __________ , __________ , and satire and novel of manner.
15.The achievements that have been made by postwar novelists in
original narrative techniques include Saul Bellow's____________ Norman Mailer's____________ , and John Barth' s brilliant
___________ .
16.The experimental feature of The Naked and the Dead merits
attention. In it, Norman Mailer wedges ________ and __________ into otherwise normal narrative.
17.J. D. Salinger is probably best known for his novel ___________ .
18.John Cheever has written some of the finest short stories, and he
wrote mainly about the___________ people.
19.Two of the best-known southern writers during the 1950s
are_____________ and ______.
20._________ by William Styron is a true story told in the form of
fiction.
21.In the 1960s and 1970s, traditional novels were inadequate in
presenting life. _________ was the first to announce the death of
traditional novel, and that traditional novelistic resources have been exhausted.
22.After the 1960s, the new experience gave a vigorous impetus to
_______________ writing. Postmodernism made a huge stride
forward.
23.Writers like Emest Hemingway and William Faulkner tried to
represent the absurdity theme in___________ novelistic devices,
while the writers in the 1960s regard the conventional novel
as____________ .
24.One of the notable transformations that occurred in novel writing was
what has become to be known as ____________ , a form of writing about fiction in the form of fiction. It is a style of ________ that tries to tell the readers that fiction is fiction and is not an illusion of realist as the realists have tried to deceive the readers into believing.
25.In the postwar period, ___________ , __________ and _________
have been largely synonymous with "experimental".
26.Joseph Heller's_________ is one of the most famous novels dealing
with the subject of absurdity in typical "obscure" techniques.
27.Kurt Vonnegut's__________ focuses particularly on the absurdity of
life and man' s modern diseases of schizophrenia.
28.Ken Kesey's masterpiece, _________ amplifies, in its comic
exaggeration, the plight of man being dehumanized.
29.Gravity's Rainbow by_________ has won the National Book Award.
30.Jack Kerouac' s experimental writing style is known as _________ ,
which enabled him to enjoy a freedom from accepted rules and
limitations in writing.
31.Vladimir Nabokov's works are noted for their characterization and the
baffling
metamorphosis of their plots. ___________ and__________ are two
good examples.
32.The American writers of the 1950s often used the psychological
insights taken from the writing of Sigmund_____________ and his
followers.
33.The 1950s American writers often used the narrative techniques
derived from William___________ .
II. Make multiple choices.
1. One major characteristic of postwar poetry is its diversity. Which of the following terms belong to this period?
A. the Black Mountain Poets
B. Waste Land Painters
C. Poets of the Beat Generation
D. Poets of the San Francisco Renaissance
E. Poets of the New York School
2. Robert Lowell's famous "Skunk Hour" was written in response to "Armadillo" , which was written by____________ .
A. Thomas Stearns Eliot
B. Richard Wilbur
C. Elizabeth Bishop
D. Marianne Moore
3. Among these poets, choose the ones belonging to the Confessional School.
A. Theodore Roethke
B. John Berryman
C. Ann Sexton
D. Sylvia Plath
E. Robert Lowell
4. Choose the books of verse written by Silvia Plath.
A. A Winter Ship
B. The Colossus and Other Poems
C. Ariel
D. Crystal Gazer and Other Poems
E. Life Studies
5. The so-called New York School includes the poets_____________ .
A. Robert Bly
B. Frank O'Hara
C. Kenneth Koch
D. John Ashberry
E. James Schuyler
6. __________ is probably the most obscure of contemporary American poets. The reader can understand the surface meaning quite well; it is the undercurrent of meaning that his verbal structure embodies.
A. John Ashberry
B. Fran O'Hara
C. Robert Bly
D. Kenneth Koch
7. A. R. Ammons belongs to_____________ .
A. the New York School
B. the Meditative Poets
C. the Black Mountain Poets
D. the Confessional Poets
8. Which of the following poetic works were written by Denise Levertov?
A. Here and Now
B. The Jacob's Ladder
C. The Double Image
D. With the Eyes and the Back of Our Heads
E. The Sorrow Dance
9. The American fiction after the 1960s is noted for____________ .
A. nonfiction
B. science fiction
C. black and absurd humor
D. parody and pop
E. experimental novelistic techniques
10. Which of the following novels is NOT written by Saul Bellow?
A. The Dangling Man
B. Herzog
C. The Naked and the Dead
D. Mr. Sammler' s Planet
11. Which of the following novels are written by Norman Mailer?
A. The Naked and the Dead
B. The Armies of the Night
C. Ancient Evening
D. Tough Guys Don't Dance
E. Harlot's Ghost
12. The title of J. D. Salinger's novel The Catcher in the Rye comes
from___________ poem " if a body catch a body coming from the rye".
A. William Wordsworth
B. William Black
C. Alfred Tennyson
D. Robert Burns
13. Another Jewish novelist besides Saul Bellow is Bernard Malamud. His novels include__________ .
A. The Natural
B. The Assistant
C. The Dangling Man
D. A New Life
E. The Fixer
14. John Updike is best known for his "Rabbit" pentalogy, namely ___ .
A. Rabbit, Run
B. Rabbit Redeux
C. Rabbit Is Rich
D. Rabbit at Rest
E. Licks of Love
15. There are a Gothic element and an obvious absurdist tendency in Flannery O'Connor's works. These include____________ .
A. Wise Blood
B. A Good Man Is Hard to Find
C. Lie Down in Darkness
D. The Violent Bear It Away
16. The novel of postmodernism after the 1960s includes _____ .
A. the absurd
B. metafiction
C. avant-gardism
D. the sentimental
17. The characteristics of avant-garde novels are___________ .
A. a breakaway from the normal novelistic conventions
B. having little or no story interest
C. dull, not satisfying
D. offensive to middlebrow taste
E. often not readable
18. Choose among the following novels written by John Barth.
A. The Sot-Weed Factor
B. Giles Goat-Boy
C. One Flew over the Cuckoo' s Nest
D. Slaughterhouse-Five
19. William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac belong to
A. the Confessional School
B. the Black Mountain Poets
C. novelists of absurdity
D. the Beat Writers
III. Identify and analyze these poems.
Poem 1: Skunk Hour
Nautilus Island' s hermit
heiress still lives through winter in her Spartan cottage;
her sheep still graze above the sea.
Her son' s a bishop. Her farmer
is first selectman in our village,
she's in her dotage.
Thirsting for
the hierarchic privacy
of Queen Victoria's century,
she buys up all
the eyesores facing her shore,
and lets them fall.
The season' s ill—
we' ve lost our summer millionaire,
who seemed to leap from an L. L. Bean
catalogue. His nine-knot yawl
was auctioned off to lobstermen.
A red fox stain covers Blue Hill.
And now our fairy
decorator brightens his shop for fall,
his fishnet' s filled with orange cork,
orange, his cobbler's bench and awl,
there is no money in his work,
he' d rather marry.
One dark night,
my Tudor Ford climbed the hill' s skull,
I watched for love-cars. Lights turned down,
they lay together, hull to hull,
where the graveyard shelves on the town...
My mind' s not right.
A car radio bleats,
'Love, O careless Love... 'I hear
my ill-spirit sob in each blood cell,
as if my hand were at its throat...
I myself am hell,
nobody' s here—
only skunks, that search
in the moonlight for a bite to eat.
They march on their soles up Main Street:
white stripes, moonstruck eyes' red fire
under the chalk-dry and spar spire
of the Trinitarian Church.
I stand on top
of our back steps and breathe the rich air—
a mother skunk with her column of kittens swills the garbage pail She jabs her wedge-head in a cup
of sour cream, drops her ostrich tail,
and will not scare.
Poem 2: Daddy
You do not do, you do not do
Any more, black shoe
In which I have lived like a foot
For thirty years, poor and white,
Barely daring to breathe or Achoo.
Daddy, I have had to kill you.
You died before I had time—
Marble-heavy, a bag full of God,
Ghastly statue with one grey toe
Big as a Frisco seal
And a head in the freakish Atlantic
Where it pours bean green over blue
In the waters off beautiful Nauset.
I used to pray to recover you.
Ach, du.
In the German tongue, in the Polish town Scraped flat by the roller
Of wars, wars, wars.
But the name of the town is common.
My Polack friend
Says there are a dozen or two.
So I never could tell where you
Put your foot, your root,
I never could talk to you.
The tongue stuck in my jaw.
It stuck in a barb wire snare.
Ich, ich, ich, ich,
I could hardly speak.
I thought every German was you.
And the language obscene
An engine, an engine
Chuffing me off like a Jew.
A Jew to Dachau, Auschwitz, Belsen.
I began to talk like a Jew.
I think I may well be a Jew.
The snows of the Tyrol, the clear beer of Vienna Are not very pure or true.
With my gypsy ancestress and my weird luck And my Taroc pack and my Taroc pack
I may be a bit of a Jew.
I have always been scared of "you" ,
With your Luftwaffe, your gobbledygoo.
And your neat mustache
And your Aryan eye, bright blue.
Panzer-man, panzer-man, O You—
Not God but a swastika
So black no sky could squeak through.
Every woman adores a Fascist,
The boot in the face, the brute
Brute heart of a brute like you.
You stand at the blackboard, daddy,
In the picture I have of you,
A cleft in your chin instead of your foot
But no less a devil for that, no not
Any less the black man who
Bit my pretty red heart in two.
I was ten when they buried you.
At twenty I tried to die
And get back, back, back to you.
I thought even the bones would do.
But they pulled me out of the sack,
And they stuck me together with glue.
And then I knew what to do.
I made a model of you,
A man in black with a Meinkampf look
And a love of the rack and the screw.
And I said I do, I do.
So daddy, I' m finally through.
The black telephone's off at the root,
The voices just can' t worm through.
If I' ve killed one man, I' ve killed two—
The vampire who said he was you
and drank my blood for a year,
Seven years, if you want to know.
Daddy, you can lie back now.
There' s a stake in your fat, black heart
And the villagers never liked you.
They are dancing and stamping on you.
They always "knew" it was you.
Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I' m through.
Poem 3: Her Kind
I have gone out, a possessed witch,
haunting the black air, braver at night;
dreaming evil, I have done my hitch
over the plain houses, light by light:
lonely thing, twelve-fingered, out of mind.
A woman like that is not a woman, quite.
I have been her kind.
I have found the warm caves in the woods,
filled them with skillets, carvings, shelves,
closets, silks, innumerable goods;
fixed the suppers for the worms and the elves:
whining, rearranging the disaligned.
A woman like that is misunderstood.
I have been her kind.
I have ridden in your cart, driver,
waved my nude arms at villages going by,
learning the last bright routes, survivor
where your flames still bite my thigh
and my ribs crack where your wheels wind.
A woman like that is not ashamed to die.
I have been her kind.
Poem 4: Howl
?I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked,
?dragging themselves through the negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix, angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly
connection to the starry dynamo in the machinery of night,?who poverty and tatters and hollow-eyed and high sat up smoking in the supernatural darkness of cold-water fiats ' doating across the tops
of cities contemplating jazz,
?who bared their brains to Heaven under the El and saw Mohammedan angels staggering on tenement roofs illuminated,
?who passed through universities with radiant cool eyes hallucinating Arkansas and Blake-light tragedy among the scholars of war,
?who were, expe, lled from the academies for crazy & publishing obscene odes on the windows of the skull,
?who cowered in unshaven rooms in underwear, burning their money in wastebaskets and listening to the Terror through the wall,?who got busted in their pubic beards returning through Laredo with a belt of marijuana for New York,
?who ate fire in paint hotels or drank turpentine in Paradise Alley, death, or purgato-ried their torsos night after night,
?with dreams, with drugs, with waking nightmares, alcohol and cock and endless balls,
?incomparable blind streets of shuddering cloud and lightning in the mind leaping toward poles of Canada & Paterson, illuminating all the motionless world of Time between.
Poem 5: I Know a Man
As I sd to my
friend, because I am
always talking, —John, I
sd, which was not his
name, the darkness surrounds us, what
can we do against
it, or else, shall we &
why not, buy a goddamn big car,
drive, he sd, for
christ' s sake, look
out where yr going.
IV. Identify and analysis of the characters in the literary works.
1.Augie March
2.Rabbit
3.Big Nurse VS McMurphy
V. Answer the Allowing questions.
1.What brought the change from Modernism to Postmodernism in
postwar American literature?
2.How is the poetry of Postmodernism different from that of
Modernism?
3.What are the major diversities of postwar American poetry? And
name a few of their representative poets.
4.What is the "I do this I do that" type of poems for which Frank O'
Hara is well-known for? Give an example.
5.What are John Ashberry' s views of reality?
6.What is the "Projective Verse" of Charles Olson?
https://www.360docs.net/doc/676631110.html,ment briefly on Saul Bellow's themes.
8.How do you understand the novel of the absurd of the 1960s?
9.How is the effect of absurdity achieved in Joseph Heller's Catch-22?
10.How do you understand the meaning of the letter "V" in Thomas
Pynchon' s novel V?
英国文学名词解释
Allegory is a tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. Thus, an allegory is a story with two meaning, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. Bildungsroman: a novel that traces the initiation, development, and education of a young person. Examples are Dickens’s David Copperfield and James Joyce’s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Byronic hero is a character-type found in Byron’s narrative Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. He is a boldly defiant but bitterly self-tormenting outcast, proudly contemptuous of social norms but suffering for some unnamed sin. Emily Bronte’s Heath cliff is a later example. Conceit: a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit, used by certain 17th-century poets, such as John Donne.. Comedy of manners is a kind of comedy representing the complex and sophisticated code of behavior current in fashionable circles of society, where appearances count for more than true moral character. Its humor relies chiefly on elegant verbal wit and repartee. In England, the comedy of manners flourished as the dominant form of Restoration comedy in the works of Etheredge, Wycherley and Congreve. It was revived in a more subdued form in the 1770s by Goldsmith and Sheridan, and later by Oscar Wilde. An epic is a long narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating and celebrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the past history of a nation. Epiphany(顿悟）: a sudden revelation of truth about life inspired by a seemingly trivial incident Heroic couplet is the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. Intrusive narrator: an omniscient narrator who, in addition to reporting the events of a novel’s story, offers further comments on characters and events, and who sometimes reflects more generally upon the significance of the story. Iambic pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry. Metaphysical poetry: the poetry of John Donne and other 17th-century poets who wrote in a similar style. It is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas . Metaphysical Poetry Metaphysical Poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets try to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. They are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form. John Donne is the lead ing figure of the “metaphysical school.” Naturalism: a post--Darwinian movement of the late 19th century that tried to apply the laws of scientific determinism to fiction. The naturalists went beyond the realists’ insistence on the objective presentation of the details of everyday life to insist that the materials of literature
英国文学总结
英国文学总结： 一：The Anglo-Saxon period（央格鲁萨克逊时期）(450----1066) 1. First Anglo-Saxon poet: Caedom. 2. Two highlights in the development of the Anglo-Saxon literature-----Northumbrian school and Wessex literature 3. “Father of English History” is Venerable Bede. “英国历史之父” 代表作：The Ecclesiastical History of the English People 4. The king Alfred：代表作：The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle He created a style of Anglo-Saxon prose which was not obscure. 他创造了Anglo-Saxon散文体。 5. Anglo-Saxon poetry: Beowulf《贝奥武夫》( national and religion epic) A mixture of paganism(异教) and Christian elements. 二：The Norman Period (1066---1350) =The Medieval Period 1. Romance was a type of literature that was very popular in the Middle Ages. (1): the matter of France: the exploits of Charlemagne the great and Roland, Chanson de Roland (2): the matter of Rome: Alexander the great and the Great and the siege of troy. (3): the matter of British: the Arthurian legend: Sir Gawain, Launcelot, Merlin, the death of King Arthur. 三：The Age of Chaucer(乔叟时代) (1350----1440) 1.John Wycliff：Father of English prose“英国散文之父”, translate the Bible into standard English. 2.William Langland: Piers Plowman《农夫彼尔斯》Form: Allegory寓言 3.Geoffrey Chaucer:The Father of English Poetry“英国诗歌之父”，首创“heroic couplets”英雄双韵体，首次用伦敦方言写作，被葬在：Westminster Abbey Works divided three periods: A: 1360—1372: French literature: The book of the Duchess B: 1372---1836: Italian literature: Troilus and Criseyde adapted from Boccaccio The Decameron C: the last fifteen year of his life: The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》 四:The Fifteen Century (1400----1550) 1.Ballds(歌谣) became an important feature in the 15th. The most popular is the Robin Hood Ballads.五：The English Renaissance (1550—1642) 1.Edmund Spenser斯宾塞：The poet’s poet 诗人的诗人 代表作：The Shepherds Calendar《牧羊人日记》 The Faerie Queene《仙后》 Amoretti《爱情小唱》 2. Christopher Marlow马洛创造了无韵体/素体诗“blank verse”, 代表作：Tumburlaine《帖木儿大帝》 The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德斯博士的悲剧》 3. William Shakespeare莎士比亚 代表作：two narrative poems: Venus and Adonis The rape of Lucrece 四部悲剧：Othello Macbeth Hamlet King Lear 四部喜剧：As you like it《皆大欢喜》Mid-summer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》The Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》 六：The Seventeenth Century (1603---1688) 1.Francis Bacon培根：father of science 科学之父 First English essayist 第一位随笔作家 The founder of English materialist philosophy唯物主义哲学开拓者 代表作：Essay《随笔》----of studies《论学习》
(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
英国文学练习题及答案
1.The national epic of the Anglo-Saxons is ____. A Robin Hood B Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C The Canterbury Tales D Beowulf 2. ____was the most outstanding single romance on the Arthurian legend written in alliterative verse. A The Canterbury Tales B Piers the Plowman C Sir Gawain and the Green Knight D Beowulf 3. ____was famous for The Canterbury Tales. A Geoffrey Chaucer B John Milton C William Shakespeare D Francis Bacon 4. Most of the ballads of the 15th century focused on the legend about ____ as a heroic figure. A Green Nights B Gawain C Robin Hood D Hamlet 5.In the 16th century, Thomas More’s work ____became immediately popular after its publication. A Paradise Lost B A Pleasant Satire of the Three Estates C Of Studies D Utopia 6. ____was Edmund Spencer’s masterpiece which has been regarded as one of the grea t poems in the English language. A Amoretti B The Shepherd’s Calendar C The Faerie Queene D Four Hymns 7. ____ is from Shakespeare’s sonnet No.18. A “Let me not to the marriage of true minds” B “To be or not to be: that is the question” C “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day” D “No longer mourn for me when I am dead” 8. _____, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London about 1340. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Sir Gawain C. Francis Bacon D. John Dryden 9.The four great tragedies written by Shakespeare are Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello and ___ _. A. Antony and Cleopatra B. Julius Caesar C Twelfth Night D King Lear 10. Which of the following does not belong to Shakespeare’s romantic love comedies? A Twelfth Night B The Tempest C As You Like It D The Merchant of Venice D C A C D C C A D B 1. All of the following are the most eminent dramatists in the Renaissance England except______.
英国文学总结
一：The Anglo-Saxon period (450----1066) 1.First Anglo-Saxon poet : Caedom. 2. Two highlights in the development of the Anglo-Saxon literature----- Northumbrian school and Wessex literature 3.“Father of English History” is Venerable Bede. “英国历史之父“ 代表作：The Ecclesiastical History of the English People 4. The king Alfred 代表作：The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle He created a style of Anglo-Saxon prose which was not obscure. 他创造了Anglo-Saxon散文体。 5. Anglo-Saxon poetry: Beowulf 贝奥武夫 ( national and religion epic) A mixture of paganism and Christian elements . Using alliteration, kenning, repetition and variation 二：The Norman Period (1066---1350) =The Medieval Period 1. Romance was a type of literature that was very popular in the Middle Ages. (1): the matter of France: the exploits of Charlemagne the great and Roland, Chanson de Roland (2):the matter of Rome: Alexander the great and the Great and the siege of troy. (3):the matter of British: the Arthurian legend: Sir Gawain ,Launcelot, Merlin , the death of King Arthur. 三：The Age of Chaucer (1350----1440) 1.John Wycliff Father of English prose“英国散文之父” translate the Bible into standard English. 2.William Langland: Piers Plowman《农夫彼尔斯》 Form: Allegory寓言 3.Geoffrey Chaucer The Father of English Poetry”英国诗歌之父” 首创“heroic couplets”双韵体，首次用伦敦方言写作 被葬在：W estminster Abbey Works divided three periods: A:1360—1372: French literature : The book of the Duchess B:1372---1836:Italian literature: Troilus and Criseyde adapted from Boccaccio The Decameron C:the last fifteen year of his life: The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》 四:The Fifteen Century(1400----1550) 1.Ballds became an important feature in the 15th. The most popular is the Robin Hood Ballads.
英国文学-名词解释
Literary Terms 1.allegory a story which teaches a lesson because the people and places in it stand for other ideas. an example is john bunyan’s pilgrim’s progress (see page 67). 2.alliteration repeating a sound or a letter, especially at the beginning of words, in poetry: e.g. “five miles meandering with a mazy m otion…” (see page 8). 3.assonance repeating a vowel sound, often in the middle of words, in poetry: e.g. pale/brave. 4.autobiography the written account of a person’s own life (see page 136) 5.ballad originally a song for dancers, then in mediaeval times a simple poem with short stanzas telling a story. some romantic poets of the 19th century also wrote ballads (see page 91). 6.biography the written account of someone else’s life (see page 61). 7.blank verse any verses, especially iambic pentameters (see metre), that do not rhyme. used by marlowe, shakespeare, milton and many other
英国文学笔记总结
English Literature What is literature? It is an art that uses language as a medium. This art is something imaginative, fictional and created to reflect life or record human dreams or human ideas . Literary Periods 449-1485 The Old (Anglo-Saxon) and Medieval (Middle) English Literature 1485-1603 English Literature in the Renaissance Period 1603-1660 English Literature in the Seventeenth Century 1660-1798 English Literature in the Eighteenth Century 1798-1832 English Literature in the Romantic Period 1832-1901 English Literature in the Victorian Age 1901- English Literature of the Twentieth Century The social, political and ideological conditions of each period of English Literature The prevailing literary trends and schools of the time Literary Terms Example : genre---a type or class of literature In English literature, the main generic division today is into poetry, drama and the novel, but in earlier times the major genres were recognized as
英国文学总结一览表
英国的文学复习资料 1 Old and medieval period中古时期的文学 1 The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) The Story of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》：the poetry represents the highest achievement of the old english. 2 The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 romance 传奇文学代表作：《Sir Gawain and the Green Knight》高文爵士和绿衣骑士是一首押头韵的长诗 3 Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟 1、the father of English poetry and english fiction 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：《the Canterbury Tales 》坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4 Popular Ballads 大众民谣 a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式 代表人物：Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯.帕希主教Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔
英国文学章节复习(含名词解释).
Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature What’s epic? Epic is one of the ancient types of poetry and plays a very important role in early development of literature and civilization. An epic is a long narrative poem of great scale and grandiose style about the heroes who are usually warriors or even demigods. It deals with noble characters and heroic deeds. Basically, it is a story about hero, more significantly, it reflects national history. The significance of Beowulf: It sings of the exciting adventures of a great legendary hero whose physical strength demonstrates his high spiritual qualities, i.e. his resolution to serve his country and kind folk, his true courage, courteous conduct, and his love of honor. In the poem, Beowulf is strong, courageous, selfless, and ready to risk his life in order to rid his people evil monsters. Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利?乔叟1340-1400 长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德 小说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作（他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人Father of English poetry & Founder of English realism）(Boccacio 薄伽丘The Decameron十日谈) The significance of The Canterbury Tales is as follows: 1.It gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer?s time. 2.The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended by critics. 3.Chaucer?s humour: Humour is a characteristic feature of the English literature. 4.Chaucer?s contribution to the English language. Heroic couplet英雄双行体 Part Two: The English Renaissance (1550-1642) Renaissance is commonly applied to the movement or period in western civilization, which marks the transition from the medieval to the modern world. It first started in Florence and Venice. Humanism According to them it was against human nature to sacrifice the happiness of this life for an after life. They argued that man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life. In religion, the H thinking was a relation against the narrow mindedness of the Catholic Church; they demanded the information of the church. In art and literature, instead of singing praise to God, they sang in praise of man and of the pursuit of happiness in this life. H shattered the shackles of spiritual bondage of man?s mind by the Roman Catholic Church and opened his eyes to “a brave new world” in front of him. Edmund Spenser (1552?-1599) The Fearie Queene仙后 Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) They were predecessors to Shakespeare and were later called the University Wits（大学才子派）. Francis Bacon培根1561-1626 essayist 散文家(the chief figure in English Prose in the first half of the 17th century and his essays began the long tradition of the English essay in the history of English literature.) Advancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum 新工具;New Atlantic新大西岛;Essays论文集（Of Studies 论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man?s Self） Of Studies purpose:This essay is intended to tell people how to be efficient and make their way in public life.
英国文学
Choose the best answer for each blank. 1. ________, the “father of English poetry”and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London about 1340. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Sir Gawain C. Francis Bacon D. John Dryden 2. Chaucer died on the 25th October 1400, and was buried in ________. A. Flanders B. France C. Italy D. Westminster Abbey 3. The progress in industry at home stimulated the commercial expansion abroad. ________ encouraged exploration and travel, which were compatible with the interest of the English merchants. A. Henry V B. Henry VII C. Henry VIII D. Queen Elizabeth 4. Except being a victory of England over ________, the rout of the fleet “Armada”(Invincible) was also the triumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism. A. Spain B. France C. America D. Norway 5. At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist
What is Poetry 英国文学简介
What is Poetry? ? A condensed piece of writing about a specific theme, topic or scenario ?Often creates strong emotion or feeling ?Often uses sound and rhythm RHYTHM(韵律) ?The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem ?Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme, and refrain METER（格律） A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern. When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They repeat the pattern throughout the poem. iambus (iambic) – a unit of rhythm in poetry, that is composed by unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable light heavy e.g. delay, before, against trochee (trochaic)--- a unit of rhythm in poetry, that is composed by stressed syllable followed by unstressed syllable heavy light e.g. midnight dreary anapest (anapestic)--- a unit of rhythm in poetry, that is composed by two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed one light light heavy e.g. understand dactyl (dactylic)—a unit of rhythm in poetry, that is composed by one stressed