英美国家社会文化 期末题目及要求 2014

南昌大学2014～2015学年第一学期期末考试试卷（概况）姓名：学号：学院：

Choose to answer two of the following questions in English based on what you have learned from the course with about 150 words for each question.（Back side can be used）

1. How did Britain fall from the Sun rising country to a second developed country in the world?

(E.g. when, why, how, who… )

2. My understanding of American “Melting Pot”(e.g. its origin, features, significance…) and “Salad Bowl”.

3. Compare briefly the impacts of the World War 1 and World War 2 on the UK and the USA.

说明：选择三个中的两题，英文作答，可以正反面纸张写，页面四边留出1.5厘米左右空隙。

1.请用A4 大小的纸张，以免试卷丢失。

2. 不能抄袭他人的，雷同卷会给零分。

3. 所选做的题目要抄题号和题目再作答。

4. 需要英文手抄的，不要打印。

以上中文要求不要抄在卷子上。

2 My understanding of American “Melting Pot”(e.g. its origin, features, significance…) and “Salad Bowl”.

The melting pot is a metaphor used to describe the fusion of different nationlities,ethnicities and cultures,which was equated with Americanization. Maybe it was the idealized process of immigration and colonization.The United States population is a “melting pot”for it is made up of people from many ethnic and cultural backgrounds.

However melting pot means in a way immigrants from around the world in the United States no longer has its own traditions and cultural identity, they are mixed up to one kind culture-- American culture,which like different metals smelting together to form a new composite metal. It seems that melting pot is a little bit out of fashion . Throughout the United States different immigrant cultures remain everywhere, many have retained their original traditions and even not fit into mainstream American society and culture.There is no typical American. Originating from a multitude of ethnic backgrounds, Americans come in all shapes, sizes, colors, and ages. They practise a rainbow of religions and have a variety of political beliefs.

The populations are growing more diverse all the time. This broad mix of races and heritages makes a wonderful blend of energy, talent, and creativity. For good reason, the country's motto is E pluribus unum: From many to one.

now SALAD BOWL is generally used to describe American culture.In the salad bowl model,various American cultures are juxtaposed,just like salad ingredients.Immigrant populations within the United States are not being blended together in one "pot", but rather they are transforming American Society into a truly multicultural mosaic.This idea proposes a society of many individual cultures in addition to the mixed culture that is modern American culture ,and the term has become more politically correct than melting pot

英国曾经是叱咤风云的大国，是第一个工业化国家，引领了世界工业革命的浪潮，其辉煌达两个世纪之久。一战前夕英国拥有的殖民地达3350万平方公里，大约是其本土面积的近140倍，统治者着相当于本土人口4倍的人口，自称“日不落帝国”，是多么的辉煌！物极必反，盛极而衰。二十世纪以来，这个曾以“日不落”帝国自夸的帝国却步履蹒跚地跨入了一个不景气的历史发展阶段，在20世纪里实力和地位不断下落，帝国最终走向解体。Britain was once an influential country, was the first industrialized country in the world to lead the wave of the industrial revolution, its glorious than two centuries. One the eve of the war the British colony has reached 33.5 million square kilometers, which is about his native area of nearly 140 times, the rulers of the local population is equivalent to four times the population, claiming to be "the sun never sets Empire" are so brilliant! Extremes meet, the boom-bust. Since the early 20th century, once said that "the sun never sets" boast Empire Empire was hobbled into a recession stage of historical development in the 20th century, the strength and position of constantly falling, and ultimately to the disintegration of the empire.

一般认为，是第二次世界大战使得英国走向了衰落，美国因此而崛起。但是从经济史的角度看，英国的衰落，早在第一次世界大战之前就已经开始走向衰落，只不过象《红楼梦》里所说的是“百足之虫死而不僵”而已。

Generally believed that the Second World War to make the UK the decline, the United States and therefore the rise. But from the point of view of economic history, the decline of the British, long before the First World War had already begun to decline, just as the "Dream of Red Mansions" in talking about the "centipede die hard" only.

作为英国经济衰落的典型现象，即"停停走走"的英国病的产生可以归结为以下几个原因：经济因素，政治因素，社会因素和文化因素。As a typical British economic decline phenomenon, namely a "stop-go" British disease can be attributed to the following reasons: economic factors, political factors, social and cultural factors

经济因素一战后，虽然英国赢得了战争并获得了新的殖民地，但是战争的巨大开销使英国无法继续承担维系一个帝国的庞大支出。英国丧失世界工厂地位，原来的优势开始转化为一些沉重的包袱,这些包袱包括:陈旧的生产部门，墨守陈规的技术，落后的经营管理方式等等After World War I, although the British won the war and received a new colony, but the huge cost of the war makes Britain can not continue to bear the huge expenses to maintain an empire. England lost the status of the world's factory, the original advantage begins to change to some heavy burden, the burden of these include: outdated production sector, legalistic technology, poor management methods, etc.

因为一个社会的结构在多方面影响着这个社会的正常运行。战争使国内的阶级矛盾加剧，工人运动爆发。不符合时代发展的绅士文化，糜烂的生活风气。对帝国的衰落产生的推动作用。 A structure of society in many ways affect the normal operation of this society. The war domestic class conflict intensified, leading to the outbreak of the workers' movement. Gentleman culture does not meet the development, erosion of life style. These are generated impetus for the decline of the empire.