江苏专版2018年高考英语总复习微专题训练第20练降与医疗类二

第20练健康与医疗类（二）

Ⅰ.语境填词

1．The study suggests that governments have a responsibility to encourage people to be more ________(physical) active.

2．He thought that crying was a sign of ________(软弱)．

3．She is ________(未察觉的) of the effect she has on people.

4．________(症状) are a slight fever，headache and loss of appetite.

5．It’s hard to t ake them ________(serious) in their pretty grey uniforms. Ⅱ.单项填空

6．I felt I would never ________ the shock of his being worked to death. A．get off B．get through

C．get by D．get over

7．We know playing computer games for a long time can harm one’s ________health.

A．regular B．magical

C．physical D．reliable

8．News reports say peace talks between the two countries ________ with no agreement reached.

A．have broken down B．have broken out

C．have broken in D．have broken up

9．________ the difficult maths problem，I have consulted Professor Russell several times.(2014·陕西，20)

A．Working out B．Worked out

C．To work out D．Work out

10．When making small talk at holiday parties，don’t tell someone who ________ weight how amazing they look.That implies they looked terrible before.

A．has lost B．would lose

C．will be losing D．had lost

Ⅰ.阅读理解

(2016·镇江一模)

Homeopathy is the oldest form of complementary(互补的) and alternative medicines from Europe.It originated with the German physician Samuel Hahnemann(1755—1843)．He came across the cinchona，the bark of a South American tree that was used by the local people to treat fevers.Among the active ingredients in the bark is quinine(奎宁)，which is still used to treat malaria.If a healthy person took cinchona，he or she would have symptoms(症状) of malaria.In 1796 and 1810，Hahnemann published essays on the theories of homeopathy：Substances that cause illnesses or symptoms in people can be used in small doses as treatment.Supporters of homeopathy viewed it as a safe，patient-centered system.Hahnemann claimed he could cure any and all illnesses using homeopathic principles.

However，the Australian council sought to evaluate this claim once and for all.Their assessment was based on the analysis of 57 published systematic reviews encompassing 176 individual studies，independent evaluation of evidence provided by homeopathy interest groups and the public，and clinical practice guidelines and

reports on homeopathy from other governments.Studies were only considered if they were case-controlled，meaning they compared a group of patients receiving homeopathic treatments with a control group.The council who oversaw this review consisted of experts in conventional-based medicine as well as complementary and alter native medicines.As a guideline，for a treatment to be considered effective，it must result in health improvements that cannot be explained by the placebo(安慰剂) effect，these improvements must be meaningful for a person’s overall health and the results have to be seen consistently in several studies.A draft of the report was reviewed by a group of independent experts in complementary medicine research and opened up for public consultation before it was finalized.

Eventually，the council found no reliable evidence that homeopathic treatments were effective.Studies that did find homeopathy to be effective were overall of poor scientific quality，used too few patients or lacked evidence on which to base their conclusions.Rejecting proven medical treatments in favor of homeopathy for chronic or potentially serious conditions could place people at risk.As always，use of homeopathic or other remedies should be discussed with your physician in order to make informed healthcare decisions.

1．We can learn from the passage that homeopathy is a system of medicine in which ________.

A．patients are given very small amounts of a drug that produces symptoms in healthy people

B．patients are evaluated by using very small amounts of the substance causing illness or symptoms

C．patients would have symptoms of malaria if they took cinchona

D．patients relying on homeopathy can explain their health improvements by the placebo effect

2．The underlined word “encompassing” can most probably be replaced by “________”．

A．encouraging B．searching

C．conducting D．including

3．When evaluating homeopathic treatments，the Australian council was most concerned about ________.

A．the source of the data to be analyzed

B．the criteria of an effective treatment

C．the objectivity and reliability of the evaluation

D．the experts involved in the evaluation

4．Which of the following reasons for the ineffectiveness of homeopathic treatments is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A．Studies about homeopathic treatments were not scientifically accurate.

B．Hahnemann’s theories about homeopathic treatments got no response.

C．Conclusions of homeopathic treatments were short of solid evidence.

D．Blind use of homeopathic treatments might put people in danger.

Ⅱ.任务型阅读

(2016·泰州一模)

Following one million middle-aged women in Britain for 10 years，a study finds that the widely held view that happiness enhances health and longevity is unfounded.

The results come from the so-called Million Women Study，which took on women aged 50 to 69 from 1996 to 2001，and tracked them with questionnaires and official records of deaths and hospital admissions.The questionnaires asked how often the women felt happy，in control，relaxed and stressed，and also instructed them to rate their health and list ailments like high blood pressure，diabetes，depression or anxiety.

When the answers were analyzed statistically，unhappiness and stress were not associated with an increased risk of death.It is not clear whether the conclusion applies to men.

Professor Peto said particularly important data came from 500,000 women who reported that they were in good health，with no history of heart disease，cancer or stroke.A minority of these healthy women said they were stressed or unhappy，he said，but over the next decade they were no more likely to die than the women who were generally happy.

“This finding refutes(驳斥) the large effects of unhappiness and stress on death rate that others have claimed，” Dr.Peto said.Unhappiness itself may not affect health directly，but it can do harm in other ways，by driving people to suicide，alcoholism or other dangerous behaviors，he warned.

This type of study，in which people involved depend on their self-assessment，is not considered as reliable as a designed experiment where people involved are picked at random and assigned to a treatment or control group.But the huge number of people in this study gives it power.Still，some observers noted that measuring emotions is more nuanced(细微的) and complex than simply declaring happiness or

unhappiness.

“I would have liked to see more discussion of how people transl ate these complicated feelings into a self-report of happiness，” said Baruch Fischhoff，a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University.

The results of earlier studies have been mixed，with some finding that unhappiness causes illness and others showing no link，Dr.Fischhoff said.“It looks to me like people have collected a lot of data without finding a clear signal，” he said.However，an editorial accompanying the study in The Lancet noted that it had the largest population so far in happiness studies and praised its statistical methods.

Professor Peto said he doubted whether the new study would change many minds because beliefs about the risks of unhappiness are so rooted.“People are still going to believe that stress causes heart attacks，” he said.

答案精析

第20练健康与医疗类(二)

高考高频单词与短语识记排查

跟踪训练

Ⅰ.1.physically 2.weakness 3.unconscious 4.Symptoms 5.seriously

Ⅱ.6.D [句意为：我感到我无法从他过劳死的震惊中恢复过来。get over 从(震惊)中恢复常态，符合句意。get off别碰，离开；get through 通过，接通；get by (靠……)维持生计，勉强过活。]

7．C [考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：我们知道长时间玩电脑游戏对我们的身体健康有害。physical health指的是身体健康。regular定期的；magical魔术的；reliable可靠的。] 8．A [句意为：新闻报道说这两个国家的和平谈判失败了，没有达成协议。break down出毛病，不运转，(身体)垮掉，瓦解，破除，终止，分解；reach an agreement意为“达成协议”。]

9．C [考查非谓语动词。句意为：为了解出那个数学难题，我去向Russell教授咨询过好几次。所填词作目的状语，用动词不定式，故选C项。]

10．A [句意为：在假期的派对上聊天时，不要告诉已经减肥的人他们看起来多么令人惊奇。那就暗示着他们以前看起来很难看。根据题干中后面的那句话可判断是已经减肥，强调减肥的影响，故选A。]

阅读能力专练

Ⅰ.

1．A [细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第三句“Substances that cause illnesses or symptoms in people can be used in small doses as treatment.”可知。]

2．D [词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“based on the analysis of 57 published systematic reviews”可知此处是部分(176)和整体(57)的关系，故选including。encompass包含，包括。] 3．C [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句(尤其是reliable)和第三句(尤其是Rejecting)可知答案。]

4．B [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，B项没有提及。]

Ⅱ.

enhances health and longevity is unfounded.”可知，幸福不一定带来健康。not necessarily不一定。]

6．Subjects/Participants [信息归纳题。根据women可归纳为subjects(实验对象)，根据“One million women aged 50 to 69”可归纳为participants(参与者)。] 7．Procedure/Steps [信息归纳题。根据方框右边的内容可知，这是研究的过程或步骤。根据其下面的“Results of the research”也可作出正确推断。]

8．analyses [信息转换题。根据文章第三段第一句“When the answers were analyzed statistically...”可知。]

9．tend [信息归纳题。根据文章第三段第一句“...unhappiness and stress were not associated with an increa sed risk of death.”可知。tend to往往，倾向于。] 10．account/make [信息归纳题。根据文章第五段第二句“Unhappiness itself may not affect health directly，but it can do harm in other ways，by driving people to suicide，alcoholism or other dangerous behaviors，he warned.”可知。account for是……的原因；make for导致，造成。]

11．confirmed/proved [信息归纳题。根据文章第三段最后一句“It is not clear whether the conclusion applies to men.”可知。confirm/prove证明，证实。] 12．Drawbacks/Shortcomings/Disadvantages/

Weaknesses [信息归纳题。根据方框右边的内容可知，这次研究结果有许多让人不满意的地方、有许多不足的地方。]

13．assess/evaluate [信息转换题。根据文章第六段第一句“This type of study，in which people involved depend on their self-assessment...”可知。]

14．hardly [信息归纳题。根据文章最后一段中的“he doubted whether the new study would change many minds”和“People are still going to believe that stress causes heart attacks”可知。]