《黔之驴》中考阅读练习(延伸、有答案)

《黔之驴》中考阅读练习（有拓展、有答案）

（一）阅读下面的两段文言文，完成下列各题。（14分）

【甲】黔无驴，有好事者船载以入。至则无可用，放之山下。虎见之，庞然大物也，以为神。蔽林间窥之，稍出近之，慭慭然，莫相知。

他日，驴一鸣，虎大骇，远遁，以为且噬己也，甚恐。然往来视之，觉无异能者。益习其声，又近出前后，终不敢搏。稍近益狎，荡倚冲冒，驴不胜怒，蹄之。虎因喜，计之曰：“技止此耳！”因跳踉大，断其喉，尽其肉，乃去。

【乙】生而眇（miǎo，瞎）者不识日，问之有目者。或告之曰：“日之状如铜盘。”扣盘而得其声，他日闻钟，以为日也。或告之曰：“日之光如烛。”扪烛而得其形，他日揣（摸）籥（yua，像笛子的管乐器），以为日也。

（节选自苏轼《日喻说》）

1．解释下列句中加点的字词。（4分）

（1）蔽林间窥之（）（2）稍近益狎（）

（3）驴不胜怒，蹄之（）（4）扪烛而得其形（）

2．甲乙两文中共有四个句子含“者”字，其中一个“者”的意思和用法与其它三个不同。这个句子是（2分）

3．用现代汉语翻译文中划线的句子。（4分）

（1）虎大骇，远遁，以为且噬己也，甚恐。

译文：

（2）或告之曰：“日之光如烛。”

译文：

4．老虎和眇者对陌生事物有不同的认识过程和结果。请加以探究，说说你从中得到了哪些启示。（4分）

答：

（二）阅读《黔之驴》，完成8～11题。（10分）

黔之驴柳宗元

黔①无驴，有好事者船载以入。至则无所用，放之山下。虎见之，庞然大物也，以为神。蔽林间窥之，稍出近之，慭慭然②，莫相知。

他日，驴一鸣，虎大骇，远遁③，以为且噬④己也，甚恐。然往来视之，觉无异能者。益习其声，又近出前后，终不敢搏。稍近，益狎⑤，荡倚冲冒⑥，驴不胜怒，蹄之。虎因喜，计之曰：“技止此耳！”因跳踉⑦大 ⑧，断其喉，尽其肉，乃去。

【注释】①黔（qián）：地名。②慭慭（yìnyìn）然：小心谨慎的样子。

③遁（dùn）：逃走。④噬（shì）：咬。⑤狎（xiá）：亲近而不庄重。⑥荡倚冲冒：形容虎对驴轻侮戏弄的样子。⑦跳踉（liàng）：跳跃。⑧ （hǎn）：虎怒吼。

1．解释下列句子中加点的词。（2分）

（1）然往来视之，觉无异能者。异：

（2）断其喉，尽其肉，乃去。去：

2．下列句子中加点“之”的用法不同的一项是（）（2分）

A．虎见之，庞然大物也B．驴不胜怒，蹄之

C．览物之情，得无异乎D．蔽林间窥之

3．翻译下列句子。（2分）

技止此耳！译文：

4．请用一个成语概括这篇寓言的内容，并谈谈你从这篇寓言中得到的启示。（4分）成语：

启示：

（二）1.(1）异，特殊、特别。只要是“特殊”的近义词即可，1分。(2）去，离开。 1分。 2. C，2 分。 3．本领不过这样罢了。意思接近即可，2分。4．成语：黔驴技穷或黔驴之技，2分。启示：示例①：貌似强大的东西并不可怕，只要敢于斗争，善于斗争，就一定能战胜它。示例②：没有真才实学，就难以在社会上立足。评分标准：只要符合寓言内容，言之成理即可，2分。

（三）阅读下面文言文，回答9-12题。（17分）

【甲】黔无驴，有好事者船载以入。至则无可用，放之山下。虎见之，庞然大物也，以为神，蔽林间窥之。稍出近之，慭慭然，莫相知。

他日，驴一鸣，虎大骇，远遁，以为且噬己也，甚恐。然往来视之，觉无异能者。益习其声，又近出前后，终不敢搏。稍近益狎，荡倚冲冒，驴不胜怒，蹄之。虎因喜，计之曰：“技止此耳！”因跳踉大阚，断其喉，尽其肉，乃去。

【乙】明万历年间，宫中有鼠，大与猫等，为害甚剧。遍求民间佳猫捕制之，辄被啖食。适异国来贡狮猫，毛白如雪。抱投鼠屋，阖①其扉，潜窥之。猫蹲良久，鼠逡巡②自穴中出，见猫，怒奔欲食之。猫避登几上，鼠亦登，猫跃下。如此往复，不啻百次。众咸谓猫怯，以为无能为者也。既而鼠跳掷渐迟，硕腹似喘，蹲地上少休。猫即疾下，爪掬顶毛，口齕首领，辗转争持，猫声呜呜，鼠声啾啾。启扉急视，见鼠首已嚼碎矣。然后知猫向之避，非怯也，待其惰也。

【注释】①阖：关闭。②逡巡：因顾忌而行动迟缓的样子。

1．解释下面句中的加点词。（4分）

（1）虎大骇，远遁遁：（2）驴不胜怒，蹄之蹄：

（3）适异国来贡狮猫适：（4）启扉急视启：

2．翻译下面的句子。（4分）

（1）有好事者船载以入。

译文：

（2）然后知猫向之避，非怯也，待其惰也。

译文：

3．填空。（6分）

（1）【甲】文中老虎对驴的认识经历了这样的一个过程：从“”到“觉无异能者”，最后认为“”。

【乙】文中“，”这句话可见鼠害之重。（用文段中的原句填空，4分）

（2）甲乙两文都没写了动物斗争的过程，但描写的方法不尽相同：【甲】文侧重对虎的描写；【乙】文侧重对猫的描写。

4．从驴或猫的身上你得到了说明启示？（3分）

（三）

1．（1）逃跑（2）用蹄子踢（3）恰好、恰巧（4）打开

2．（1）有人喜欢多事的人用船将驴却到黔这个地方。

（2）这样以后，才明白猫躲避老鼠不是因为害怕，而是在等待老鼠疲惫。

3．（1）甲文：以为神技止此耳乙文：大与猫等，为害甚剧。

（2）心理动作

4．从驴的身上我得到了：示例1：生活中我们不要轻易暴露自己的弱点。示例2：人有真才实学，才不至于使自己陷入困境。从猫的身上我得到了：示例1：知己知彼，百战不殆。

示例2：面对强敌，我们应该要讲究策略，智取对手。

《黔之驴》

1．本文体裁为作者，是我国代文学家。他和唐朝的韩愈同

列之列。

2．解释下列句中加点的字、词。

①有好事者船载以入（船：）②至则无可用（则：）

③庞然大物也（庞：）④稍出近之（稍：）

⑤虎大骇，远遁（骇：）（遁：）⑥以为且噬已也（且：）

⑦益习其声（益：）⑧益狎（狎：）

⑨技止此耳（止：）⑩乃去（乃：）

3．下列说法不准确的一项是（）

A、“跳踉大口阚”从动作、吼声两方面表现虎的勇猛凶狠。

B、“终不敢搏”写出老虎的谨慎。

C、本文的题目表明了作者讽刺意图指向是那些外强中干的上层人物。

D、这篇寓言生动形象，成功刻画了人格化了的驴和虎的形象。

4．选出下列各句中“之”的意义和用法不同的一项是（）

A、至则无可用，放之山下

B、孔子云：“何陋之有”？

C、虎因喜，计之曰

D、稍出近之

5．解释下面每组中指定的词。

①然：庞然大物（）然往来视之（）

②因：虎因喜（）因跳踉大口阚（）

③去：乃去（）西蜀之去南海（）

④耳：技止此耳（）无丝竹之乱耳（）

6．用一个成语概括本文的意思，这个成语是。它的含义

是。

7．本文告诉人们什么道理？

8．本文用“黔之驴”为题目，有什么含义和寓意？

9．仔细阅读课文，注意文中是怎样表现虎的心理变化的，写出表明虎的心理的词语。

参考答案：

1．寓言；柳宗元；唐；唐宋八大家

2、①用船②却③大④渐渐⑤惊惧；逃走⑥将⑦更加⑧亲近而不庄重⑨只，不过⑩才3．C 4．B

5．?……的样子；然而?于是；于是?离开；距离?罢了；耳朵

6．黔驴技穷；比喻仅有的一点本领都用完了。

7．看问题不能只看重表面而不注重实质。

8．本文含义：讽刺无德无能、仗势欺人、外强中干、徒有其表的人，并指出其可悲的结局。寓意：貌似强大的东西并不可怕，只要敢于斗争、善于斗争，就一定能战而胜之。9．①以为神②莫相知③以为且噬己也④觉无异能者⑤终不敢搏⑥技止此耳

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