2013年韩素音翻译大赛英译汉原文解读与译赏
Globalization
全球化
颜林海
【标题解读】
写作分析：何谓全球化？回答这个问题的过程就是就是人类对客观事物的认识过程，即“定义”的过程，换句话说，“定义”就是界定一种事物的本质(即意义)的说明。“定义”有许多方式，最常见的有：列举法(illustration)，分类法(classification)，过程分析法(process analysis)，因果法(cause and effect)，比对法(comparison and contrast)；除了以上方法外，还有特征枚举法(enumerating characteristics)，词源法(etymology)，类比法(analogy)，排除法(exclusion)（M.S. Spangler & R.Werner，1990:131—135）。从写作或其他媒介的角度，作为一篇文章的标题，作者必然要围绕标题来展开，而要展开这个话题，就必须对该字词加以界定，即定义。
篇体分析：从上下文看，这是一篇由一档电视谈话节目转写而成的书面文档；电视访谈类节目虽然重在访谈，但并非人与人之间的私下闲聊，因此，节目主持人也往往会提前大致拟定一个围绕某一话题而展开的提纲，这就与文章写作大同而小异了。理解与翻译时，注意访谈中人物对话的转换，还要注意书写文本在断句上与访谈情景有时并不一致，如(25)句。
翻译分析：在翻译之前，译者也应对标题中涉及到的概念加以认识和理解。译者在分析某一核心字词时必须注意该字词的音形义的分析。此篇文章中globalization与音没有多大关系，主要分析该字词的“形”和“义”。而字“形”的分析涉及到该词的词源和构词方式。词源分析：Globalization一词逆推词源关系如下：globalization。构词分析：globalization不过是globalize的名词拼写形式，核心意义在globalize；而此词的构形属于英语中“形容词+动词后缀ize”构词法，其表达的意义为“使...‘形容词’化”或“使...变成‘形容词’”。如globalize: make sth global。虽然globalization一词的语言意义很清楚，但其内涵和外延到底是什么，即何谓globalization？到目前为止，学术界都没有的确切定义。从翻译角度看，该字词很好翻译，但要真正理解该词，需要动一番脑筋：扪心自问：(1)作者为何要用globalization而不用internationalization，二者有何区别呢?意图何在？(2)globalization与localization的区别是什么？如果从构词上看，我们可以给“全球化”下一个定义，即某一组织机构旨在向全球各国推进某种理念的过程。就经济而言，某一经济实体旨在不仅仅限于向已有的一两个传统国际贸易国而是向全球各国推销自己理念及其产品的过程，就是经济全球化。
【英语原文】
(1)A fundamental shift is occurring in the world economy. (2)We are moving rapidly away from
a world in which national economies were relatively self-contained entities, isolated from each other by barriers to cross-border trade and investment; by distance, time zones, and language; and by national differences in government regulation, culture, and business systems. (3)And we are moving toward a world in which barriers to cross-border trade and investment are tumbling; perceived distance is shrinking due to advances in transportation and telecommunications technology; material culture is starting to look similar the world over; and national economies are merging into an interdependent global economic system. (4)The process by which this is occurring is commonly referred to as globalization.
【原文解读】
从写作角度看，标题中涉及的概念，必须在正文前加以解释和界定，否者后文无法展开。第一段共4句，显然是作为主持人的作者提前拟定的开场白式introduction。(1)为opening sentence，属于背景介绍。(2)(3)是对globalization加以一正一反地现象罗列(即definition by illustration)；(a)句中的and表示伴随性。(4)句对(2)(3)现象加以归纳性定义。
【汉语译文】
(1)世界经济正在发生着根本性的改变。(2)我们正迅速地远离这么一个世界，在这个世界里国家经济实体都曾经是相对自给自足，彼此孤立的，就其原因或是设置跨境贸易和投资的壁垒所致，或是因距离、时差和语言的缘故所致；或是因政府监管、文化和商业体制上的的国家差异所致。(3)与此同时，我们正在走向另外一个世界，在这个世界里，跨境贸易和投资的壁垒正在摇摇欲坠，原来感知到的距离因为交通和电信技术上的进步而正在缩小；物质文化在全世界开始看起来都很相似；各种经济实体正融入一个彼此依赖的全球经济体制中。(4)而正在发生的这一个过程，人们通常把它称为全球化。
【翻译津要】
(1)根据Webster's New World Essential V ocabulary 的释义：fundamental，(a) basic; at the root of; essential; (b) radical; (c)chief; most important，因此，译为：“根本性的”或“本质性的”。(2)此句是一个带有限制性长定语从句的长句，翻译时可刈分为(a)We are moving rapidly away from a world (b)in which national economies were relatively self-contained entities, (c)isolated from each other (d)by barriers to cross-border trade and investment; (e)by distance, time zones, and language; and (f)by national differences in government regulation, culture, and business systems.表达时采取尽量保持原文顺序的原则。(4) 此句是一个带有限制性长定语从句的长句，翻译时可刈分为(a)And we are moving toward a world (b)in which barriers to cross-border trade and investment are tumbling; (c)perceived distance is shrinking due to advances in transportation and telecommunications technology; (d) material culture is starting to look similar the world over; and (e)national economies are merging into an interdependent global economic system. 表达时采取尽量保持原文顺序的原则。其中“and”表示同时性，译为“与此同时”。限制性定语从句，并非一定要将限制性定语部分翻译到中心词前面，可以利用汉语特殊的限制性方式。“...这么一个(种)+‘先行词’，‘定语从句内容’”
【英语原文】
Correspondent: (5)Globalization has been one of the most important factors to affect business over the last twenty years. (6)How is it different from what existed before? (7)Companies used to export to other parts of the world from a base in their home country. (8)Many of the connections between exporting and importing countries had a historical basis. (9)Today, to be competitive, companies are looking for bigger markets and want to export to every country. (10)They want to move into the global market. (11)To do this many companies have set up local bases in different countries. (12)Two chief executives will talk about how their companies dealt with going global.
(13)Percy Barnevik, one of the world’s most admired business leaders when he was Chairman of the international engineering group ABB and Dick Brown of telecommunications provider Cable & Wireless.
(14)Cable & Wireless already operates in many countries and is well-placed to take advantage of the increasingly global market for telecommunications. (15)For Dick Brown globalization involves the economies of countries being connected to each other and companies doing business in many countries and therefore having multinational accounts.
【原文解读】
此段是记者所要采访的问题，(5)阐述“全球化的”影响及其重要性。(6)既是记者要采访的问题，“当今的全球化与过去有何区别”又是自我阐述的问题，因此，必然要进行对比概述“当今”与“过去”之间的差别。(7)概述公司过去运作模式：本国生产，出口国外；(8)句是承接上一句具体陈述过去进出口国之间的运作模式是建立在一定的历史基础上的。(9)概述当今公司的运作模式，即企图向全球每一个国家出口。(8)句中的home country和(9)句中的every county极为关键，它们暗指了“全球化贸易”与“国际贸易”两个概念的区别。后
者是指任何两个国之间建立的贸易都可以成为“国际贸易”，这种贸易可以是单边的进口或出口，也可以是进出口国之间互通有无。而“全球化贸易”更多的是某一经济实体向更多的经济实体进行单边的出口而不进口（有的学者把这种现象称为“经济入侵”），从而把整个全球都当作自己的市场(10)(此句对是前一句的概括)。那么怎样才能把全球都当作自己的市场呢？因为单边的出口而不进口必定是掠夺进口国的经济资源，因此，一个经济实体要想进入另一个国家市场，就必须把自己融入到另外的国家之中，使得进口国也能从中获利，这种现象就叫本土化(localization)(11)。以上都是记者自己对全球化本质的认识，要想使自己的认识具有说服力，作者必然举例证明；于是，作者引入了两个公司的总裁(12)，并加以简介(13)，同时还对这两个总裁所在的在全球化方面取得不错业绩的公司进行了介绍(14)(15)，以使人信服。
【汉语译文】
记者: (5)过去20多年以来，全球化已经成为影响业务的最重要因素之一。(6)那么，现在的全球化与以前有何不同呢? (7)过去的公司都是把在本国生产基地的商品出口到世界其他各地。(8)进出口各国之间都有着千丝万缕的联系，其中许多联系都有其历史基础。(9)当今，要想具有竞争力，各个公司都在寻求更大的市场，都想把产品出口到每一个国家，(10)都想迈入全球化市场，(11)为此，许多公司都在不同国家建立了本土化基地。(12)今天我们请来两位总裁，让他们来谈谈他们的公司是如何应对全球化的。(13)一位是珀西·巴恩维克，在担任国际工程集团ABB主席一职时，曾是世界上最令人羡慕的商界领袖之一；另一位是迪克·布朗，来自英国大东电报局（Cable&Wireless）的电信提供商。
(14)大东电报局已经在许多国家营运起来了，而且定位很准，充分利用电信业上的日益增长的全球化市场。(15)对迪克·布朗来说，全球化包括彼此联系的各个国家经济实体和在许多国家做生意的、从而拥有跨国账户的公司。
【翻译津要】(5)不难翻译，(6)中it指globalization，采取代词还原增益法。(7)used to do译为：过去常常，此处译为定语：“过去的”(公司)。(8) 句刈分为两句来翻译“Many of (a)the connections between exporting and importing countries (b)had a historical basis.”(a) 进出口各国之间都有着千丝万缕的联系,(b) 其中许多联系都有其历史基础。(9)(10)(11)三句主语相同，依并为一句来翻译，其中(11)中的local译为“本土化”。(12)根据情景，增益了“我们今天请来”，其中deal with译为：应对。(13)根据情景，增益“一位是”和“另一位是”。(14) Cable & Wireless按约定俗成地译为“英国大东电报局”，well-place译为：定位很准，(15)不难翻译。【英语原文】
Dick Brown: (16)The world is globalizing and the telecommunications industry is becoming more and more global, and so we feel we’re well-positioned in that market place. (17)You see currency markets are more global tied, economies are globally connected, more so nowadays with expanded trade, more and more multinational accounts are doing business in many, many more countries. (18)We’re a company at Cable & Wireless now, well-positioned to carry the traffic and to provide the services to more and more companies that now need to get to five countries or twelve countries, we’re often there.
【原文解读】
此段是迪克·布朗对“全球化”的认识，认为世界在全球化，自然电信业也越来越全球化，并认为自己所在的公司很具有优势(16)，并列举全球化的具体体现：货币市场之间，经济实体之间，扩展贸易之间，多国账户多国业务(17)等方面；同时，迪克·布朗详细介绍了他所在公司的全球化情况。
【汉语译文】
迪克·布朗: (16)世界正在全球化，电信业正变得越来越全球化，因此，我们觉得在这个市
场上我们的定位具有优势。(17)你也瞧见了，货币市场之间，全球经济实体之间，都在全球化；扩展贸易更是如此，跨国账户越来越多，而且在许多，甚至更多的国家开展业务。(18)我们这个公司现在隶属于英国大东电报局（Cable&Wireless），有能力提供电信业务并为越来越多的公司提供服务，这些公司现在需要到五个或十二个国家经营业务，我们公司经常在这些国家经营。
【汉语译文】(16)句不难翻译，(17) 可刈分为若干小句翻译：“(a)You see (b)currency markets are more global tied, (c) economies are globally connected, (d)more so nowadays with expanded trade, (e)more and more multinational accounts (f)are doing business in many, many more countries.” (a)译为插入语，(b)(c)不难翻译，(d)more so... with译为“...更是如此”；(f) 译为并列复句，其中“more and more multinational accounts”定语译为形谓“跨国账户越来越多”。(18) 句可刈分为：“(a)We’re a company at Cable & Wireless now, (b)well-positioned to carry the traffic and to provide the services to more and more companies(c) that now need to get to five countries or twelv e countries, (d)we’re often there.(a)属于特殊句型中的定语或定语从句的翻译。英语：代词主语+be+名词表语+定语或定语从句；这种结构可译为汉语：代词定语+名词主语+谓语。(b)中well-position译为：有能力;(c)that表定语从句，还原增益先行词“这些公司”;(d)句对(c)句加以补充说明。
【英语原文】
Correspondent: (19)When Percy Barnevik became head of the international engineering group ABB, his task was to make globalization work. (20)He decided to divide the business into over a thousand smaller companies. (21)In this way he believed the company could be both global and local. (22)In answering the question “How do you make globalization work?” Percy Barnevik describes the “global glue” that keeps the many different people in ABB together. (23)He then looks at the need to manage the three contradictions of company: it is decentralized but centrally controlled, it is big and small at the same time and it is both global and local.
【原文解读】
此段是记者所说的话，对谈话类节目来说，对上的概括性,对下的引导性。记者把话题引到另一个公司即ABB公司的领导人珀西·巴恩维克(19)及其具体任务(20), 并引入所要谈论的话题:既要全球化又要本土化(21)，并用自己的话概括了珀西·巴恩维克的全球化理念“全球粘合剂”(22)以及具体要解决的矛盾(23)
【汉语译文】
记者:(19)珀西·巴恩维克曾担任国际工程集团阿西布朗勃法瑞(ABB)的主席，之后他的任务就是开展全球化业务。(20)当时他决定将企业切分成一千多家小公司, (21)认为这样才能让公司既做到全球化又做到本土化。(22)在回答“你是如何开展全球化业务？”这个问题时，珀西·巴恩维克把它描述为“全球粘合剂”，即将ABB公司里许多各种各样的人粘合在一起。(23)接着，他又看出有必要解决公司存在的三个矛盾：既要权力下放，但又要集中控制，既要做大，同时又要做小，既要考虑全球化又要注意本土化。
【翻译津要】
(19)翻译时要对该公司和相关任务加以知人论世：ABB：即Asea Brown Boveri: 阿西布朗勃法瑞公司。该公司是世界上最大的生产工业、能源、自动化产品的公司之一。加工业：化学、石油化工、制药、纸浆与造纸、炼油；仪器设施：电子仪器、电视与数据传送设备、发电机、水利设施；沟通渠道：综合系统、收集与发布系统；建筑工业：商业与工业建筑。此句属于长状语从句的翻译。一般方法是，英语：状语从句（标志词+从句），主句(主语+谓语)→汉语：从句+标志词+概括词，主句(主语+谓语)。此句翻译时注意时态。(20)增益时态字词“当时”，并与(21)依并为一句来翻译。(22)可刈分为“(a)In a nswering the question “How do you
make globalization work?” (b)Percy Barnevik describes the “global glue” (c)that keeps the many different people in ABB together. (b)describes (it as)the “global glue”增益字词译为“把它描述为”，其中“global glue”是隐喻，翻译时保留这种隐喻。(c)属定语从句，起补充解释的作用，不难翻译。(23)可刈分为“(a)He then looks at the need to manage the three contradictions of company: (b)it is decentralized but centrally controlled, (c)it is big and small at the same time and (d)it is both global and local.”其中it指company，翻译时承前遗省，(b)(c)(d)属于并列结构，翻译时注意这种结构的翻译。
【英语原文】
Percy Barnevik: (24)We have now for ten years after our big merger created a “global glue” where people are tied together, where they don’t internally compete, but support each other, and you have global leaders with global responsibility and your local managers working with their profit centers, and if you have the right, so to say, agenda for these people and the right structure, you can use a scale of economy and your advantages of bigness but being small. (25)We used to say you have three contradictions: decentralized and still centrally controlled, big and small, global and local, and, of course, to try to make these contradictions work together effectively, then I think you have a big organizational competitive edge.
【原文解读】
此段属于珀西·巴恩维克所说的话，巴恩维克介绍了自己所在全球化公司内部运作情况(24)以及要解决的三大矛盾(25):去中心化和集中控制化，做“大”化和做“小”化，全球化和本土化，并提出自己的观点。
【汉语译文】
珀西·巴恩维克：(24)我们大兼并之后，创立的“全球粘合剂”现在也有十年了，在这个“粘合剂”里，人们都捆绑在一起，但内部之间并不相互竞争，而是相互支持；你既可以拥有负有全球性责任感的全球性领导者，也可以拥有为自己盈利中心而工作的本地经理；如果说你有权利，比如，人事安排议程和恰当的结构议程，那么你就有了一定经济规模可供使用，发挥以“小”获“大”的优点。(25)我们过去常说，你会遇到三个矛盾：既要权力下放，又还要集中控制，既要做大又要做小，既要全球化又要本土化，当然要设法让这三个矛盾有效地协调起来，我认为你要有一个大型的组织竞争优势。
【翻译津要】
(24)可刈分为：“(a)We have now for ten years [(b)after our big merger] created a “global glue”
(c)where people are tied together, (d)where the y don’t internally compete, but support each other, (e)and you have global leaders with global responsibility (f)and your local managers working with their profit centers, (g)and if you have the right, so to say, agenda for these people and the right structure, (h)you can use a scale of economy and your advantages of bigness but being small.”
(a)(b)移位，(c)(d)为定语从句；(e)中and属于话题延续过渡词，遗而不译，(f)句中的and具有并列作用，须译出；(g)句首and属于话题延续过渡词，遗而不译，(h)不难翻译。“global glue”是作者在打比喻，翻译时仍然保持这种比喻。(25)由于本文是访谈节目转写成的文本，因此，有些标点符号并没有标示出来，此句的写法应该是：(a)We used to say“you have three contradictions: (b)decentralized and still centrally controlled, (c)big and small, (d)global and local.”And, of course,(e) to try to make these contradictions work together effectively, (f)then I think you have a big organizational competitive edge. 也可以把这种现象理解为历史现在时。翻译时，used to 要把时间感翻译出来。
【英语原文】
Correspondent:(26) Globalizations can bring advantage to a business, but how does a company go global? (27) Dick Brown mentions three ways companies can achieve “globalness”. (28) Firstly, companies can work together in alliances. (29) Secondly, they can acquire or buy other companies, and (30)thirdly they can grow organically by expanding from their existing base.
【原文解读】
如果前面对话在讨论何谓全球化的话，那么此段记者将话题引导如何全球化(26)，并将话题引到迪克·布朗及其所在的公司上实现全球化的三种方式：联盟(28)、购买(29)和扩张(30)。【汉语译文】
记者:(26)全球化能给企业带来优势，但一个公司怎样走向全球呢？(27)迪克·布朗提到了三种可以让公司实现“全球化”的方式。(28)第一是公司之间可以结成联盟;(29)第二是公司可以获得或购买其他公司; (30)第三是公司可以在先有的基础上通过扩张有组织地发展。
【翻译津要】此段不难翻译。
【英语原文】
Dick Brown: (31)Well, as you go global, and a handful or more of companies are going to really push out, in my view, to be truly global companies, and some of them, maybe all of them, will also work to be local. (32)They’ll be local in chosen markets and global in their ability to carry their customers’ needs from continent A to continent B. (33)We want to be one of the companies that’s both global and local. (34)Alliances are one way to be global, it’s not the only way to be global; you can acquire your way to “globalness”, you can organically grow your way to “globalness”, you can have alliances which help you get global quicker, so you take your pick.
【原文解读】
迪克·布朗首先世界商业公司的全球化趋势(31)，认为全球化和本地化是从不同角度来看的(32)，同时讨论了自己公司的目标：既要全球化又要本土化(33)，以及全球化的三种方式：购买、自我发展和联盟，至于采用何种方式，可以自己决定(34).
【汉语译文】
迪克·布朗:(31)嗯，当你走向全球化时，部分公司,也可能是相当一部分公司,在我看来，都准备把自己真正地推出去，使自己成为真正的全球化公司,其中,有些公司,也可能是所有公司也会尽力本地化。(32)这些公司，对某些既定的市场来说，将是本地化公司，对满足从此洲到彼洲的顾客需求的能力来说，将是全球化公司。(33)我们就想成为既是全球化又是本地化的公司之一。(34)联盟是全球化的一种方式，但并不是唯一的方式；你可以通过收购的方式来“全球化”、也可以通过自我成长的方式来“全球化”，还可以通过联盟的方式让你更快全球化。这些方式，你可以自己选择。
【翻译津要】
此段是迪克·布朗在讨论公司如何全球化。(31)(33)(34)不难翻译，(32)they指上一句中的companies,汉译时还原为名词译为“这些公司”。
【英语原文】
Percy Barnevik: (35)You have to start from the top with local people who understand language, culture and so on, and I think in this global world where the East is coming up now, that’s a winning recipe.
【原文解读】
此处是珀西·巴恩维克接着迪克·布朗的话题补充自己的观点,认为应从高层开始，要求高层人士懂当地语言和文化，公司才能成功。
【汉语译文】
珀西·巴恩维克：(35)你必须从本地高层人士开始，他必须懂当地语言、理解当地文化等；我
认为在这个东方正在崛起的全球化的世界中，这才是成功的秘诀。
【翻译津要】(35)句可刈分“(a)You have to start from the top with local people(b)who understand language, culture and so on, and (c) I think in this global world (d)where the East is coming up now, (e)that’s a winning recipe.(b)刈分为一个小句，(d)移位前置定语，(e)中that前指(a)(b)两句。
【英语原文】
Correspondent: (36)ABB already found the winning recipe. Its theory of globalization has become the company’s working practice. (37)So how do you make theory work in practice? (38)Percy Barnevik believes that successful globalization involves getting people to work together, overcoming national, cultural barriers and making the organization customer-driven.
【原文解读】
此段是记者总结ABB公司的成功秘诀(36)，同时，记者引入一个新问题:如何将理论付诸实践(37)，并总结了珀西·巴恩维的成功经验(38)。
【汉语译文】
记者: (36)ABB公司已经找到了成功的秘诀。该公司的全球化理论已经付诸工作实践了。(37)那你又是怎样把理论运用到实践中去的呢？(38)珀西·巴恩维克认为，成功的全球化包括如何让人们协同工作，如何克服国家文化障碍，如何使组织以顾客为导向。
【翻译津要】
(36)the winning recipe译为：成功的秘诀；(37)make theory work in practice译为：把理论运用到实践；(38)翻译时，增益“如何...如何...如何...如何...”
【英语原文】
Percy Barnevik: (39)You see the easy thing is to have the theory, but then to make the systems work, to make people really work together, to trust each other — Americans, Europeans, Asians, to get over these national cultural barriers and create a common glue, ABB, and then make them customer-driven. (40)If you can achieve that, and create that culture deep down then I think you have an important competitive edge.
【原文解读】
珀西·巴恩维克认为有理论挺容易的，但实起践来，就不容易，有许多困难要克服(39)，如果能克服困难，那就有优势(40)。
【汉语译文】
珀西·巴恩维克：(39)要知道，拥有理论是件很容易的事情，但是要让各种系统运作起来，要让人们真正协同工作，彼此信任——无论他是美国人，还是欧洲人，还是亚洲人，要克服国家文化障碍，最终创建成一个共同粘合体，ABB公司，而且还要让他们以顾客为导向，这些却不那么容易。(40)如果你能做到这一点，实际上也能创造那种文化，那么我认为你就具有一种非常重要的竞争优势。
【翻译津要】
(39)可刈分为(a)You see (b)the easy thing is to have the theory, (c)but then to make the systems work, (d)to make people really work together, (e)to trust each other —Americans, Europeans, Asians, (f)to get over these national cultural barriers and create a common glue, ABB, (g)and then make them customer-driven.(a)属于插入语，单独刈分为句,(b)翻译时主宾移位，(c)-(g)是针对(b)小句而言，并用but连接；but意味着与(b)句的意思相反，因此，翻译时增益“这些却不那么容易”。(40)deep down，实际上。
【英语原文】
Correspondent: (41)What Dick Brown and Percy Barnevik have shown is that there are different
routes to globalization and that companies have to work hard to succeed in going global.
(42)Actually one of the disadvantages of the Global Strategy is that integrated competitive moves can lead to the sacrificing of revenues, profits, or competitive positions in individual countries —especially when the subsidiary in one country is told to attack a global competitor in order to convey a signal or divert that competitor’s resources from another nation. (43)The challenges managers of transnational corporations face are to identify and exploit cross-border synergies and to balance local demands with the global vision for the corporation. (44)Building an effective transnational organization requires a corporate culture that values global dissimilarities across cultures and markets.
【原文解读】
此段是最后一段，由记者加以总结，认为，全球化有不同的途径(41),也有其缺点(42),也有挑战(43),要想真正形成全球化公司，公司必须创立企业文化。
【汉语译文】
记者:(41)迪克·布朗和珀西·巴恩维克展示给我们的是，全球化有不同的途径，而且各个公司都必须尽力成功地实现全球化。(42)实际上，全球化策略也有许多缺点，其中一个缺点是综合竞争力的举措可能牺牲个别国家的产值、利润或竞争位置—尤其是当要求在某个国家的子公司去对付一个全球化的竞争者，以便传达一个信号，或从另外一个国家转移该竞争者的资源。(43)跨国公司的经理们所面临的挑战就是鉴定和利用跨境的协同效应，平衡公司的当地需求与全球视野。(44)建立一个有效的跨国组织需要这么一种企业文化，即重视文化之间和市场之间的全球差异性的文化。
【翻译津要】
(41)结构不复杂，不难翻译。(42)the disadvantages of the Global Strategy译为小句。(43)不难翻译。(44)刈分为两个小句。
课文翻译综合英语
The pearl 吉纳，一位穷渔夫，刚发现了一颗非常大而且非常珍贵的珍珠，准备去最近的城镇把它卖掉。他急切需要钱给刚给蝎子螫伤的孩子看病。吉纳发现珍珠前，他---一位可以看病的医生拒绝给孩子治病，因为吉纳付不起治疗费。 一个小镇就像个集群动物，有神经系统头肩膀和肢。它与其他城镇不想连。因此没有两座城镇是相似的。城镇里还有完整的感情。要知道消息是怎样传遍整个小镇的可是个难解之谜。消息传得似乎比小男孩冲出去告诉别人的速度还快，比女人隔着篱笆大声说消息的速度还要快。? 在吉纳胡安纳和其他渔夫回到吉纳的茅草屋前，小镇的神经正随着消息--吉纳发现了世界上最大的珍珠--传播而奔腾，跳动。跑得气喘吁吁的小男孩还没说出这个消息，母亲们早已知晓了。消息席卷而过茅草屋，激起波浪泡沫，然后冲进镇里的石头灰泥瓦房里。消息传到正在花园里散步的牧师，他的眼中露出若有所思的表情，他想起教堂的有些地方该维修了，他纳闷珍珠值多少钱。他想知道是否为吉纳的婴儿施过洗礼，或是否主持过他的结婚仪式。消息传到零售商那儿的时候，他们看着卖的不太好的男式衣服。?? 消息传到医生那儿的时候，他正在给一位妇人看病，这位夫人的疾病其实就是“年龄太老的问题”，尽管他们两人都不承认这点。弄清楚谁是吉纳后，医生变得严肃认真而又明智起来。医生说，“他是我的一个病人，我在给他的孩子治疗被蝎子螫伤的伤口。”眼珠在肿眼泡的眼眶内转来转去，医生想起巴黎，想起那他住过的既宽敞又豪华的房间。越过他的老年病人，医生仿佛看见自己坐在巴黎的一家餐馆，男侍者正在打开酒瓶。 消息早早地传到了教堂前乞讨者，他们咯咯地高兴地笑着，因为他们知道没有比突然
韩素音翻译大赛原文
Irritability is the tendency to get upset for reasons that seem – to other people – to be pretty minor. Your partner asks you how work went and the way they ask makes you feel intensely agitated. Your partner is putting knives and forks on the table before dinner and you mention (not for the first time) that the fork should go on the left hand side, not the right. They then immediately let out a huge sigh and sweep the cutlery onto the floor and tell you that you can xxxx-ing do it yourself if you know better. It was the most minor of criticisms and technically quite correct. And now they’ve exploded. There is so much irritability around and it exacts a huge daily cost on our collective lives, so we deserve to get a lot more curious about it: what is really going on for the irritable person? Why, really, are they getting so agitated? And instead of blaming them for getting het up about “little things”, we should do them the honour of working out why, in fact, these things may not be so minor after all.
英译汉段落翻译1
Paradox of Our Times We have bigger houses and smaller families; more conveniences, but less time; we have more degrees, but less common sense; more knowledge, but less judgment; more experts, but more problems; more medicine, but less wellness. We have multiplied our possessions, but reduced our values. We talk too much, love too little and lie too often. We’ve learned how to make a living, but not a life; we’ve added years to life, not life to years. We have taller buildings, but shorter tempers; wider freeways, but narrow viewpoints. We spend more, but have less; we buy more, but enjoy it less. We’ve been all the way to the moon and back, but have trouble crossing the street to meet the new neighbor. We’ve conquered outer space, but not inner space. We’ve split the atom, but not our prejudice; we write more, but learn less; plan more, but accomplish less. We’ve learned to rush, but not to wait; we have higher incomes, but lower morals. We build more computers to hold more information, to produce more copies, but have less communication. We are long on quantity, but short on quality. These are the times of fast foods and slow digestion; tall men and short character; steep profits and shallow relationship. More leisure and less fun; more kinds of food, but less nutrition; two incomes but more divorce; fancier houses, but broken homes.
韩素英翻译比赛原文
参赛原文： 英译汉原文 Hidden Within Technology’s Empire, a Republic of Letters When I was a boy “discovering literature”, I used to think how wonderful it would be if every other person on the street were familiar with Proust and Joyce or T. E. Lawrence or Pasternak and Kafka. Later I learned how refractory to high culture the democratic masses were. Lincoln as a young frontiersman read Plutarch, Shakespeare and the Bible. But then he was Lincoln. Later when I was traveling in the Midwest by car, bus and train, I regularly visited small-town libraries and found that readers in Keokuk, Iowa, or Benton Harbor, Mich., were checking out Proust and Joyce and even Svevo and Andrei Biely. D. H. Lawrence was also a favorite. And sometimes I remembered that God was willing to spare Sodom for the sake of 10 of the righteous. Not that Keokuk was anything like wicked Sodom, or that Proust?s Charlus would have been tempted to settle in Benton Harbor, Mich. I seem to have had a persistent democratic desire to find evidences of high culture in the most unlikely places. For many decades now I have been a fiction writer, and from the first I was aware that mine was a questionable occupation. In the 1930?s an elderly neighbor in Chicago told me that he wrote fiction for the pulps. “The people on the block wonder why I don?t go to a job, and I?m seen puttering around, trimming the bushes or painting a fence instead of working in a factory. But I?m a writer. I sell to Argosy and Doc Savage,” he said with a certain gloom. “They wouldn?t call that a trade.” Probably he noticed that I was a bookish boy, likely to sympathize with him, and perhaps he was trying to warn me to avoid being unlike others. But it was too late for that. From the first, too, I had been warned that the novel was at the point of death, that like the walled city or the crossbow, it was a thing of the past. And no one likes to be at odds with history. Oswald Spengler, one of the most widely read authors of the early 30?s, taught that our tired old civilization was ve ry nearly finished. His advice to the young was to avoid literature and the arts and to embrace mechanization and become engineers.
综合英语(一)课文及翻译
Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control! 译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢？控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。 Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。 Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.
2015年韩素音翻译大赛翻译原文
The Posteverything Generation I never expected to gain any new insight into the nature of my generation, or the changing landscape of American colleges, in Lit Theory. Lit Theory is supposed to be the class where you sit at the back of the room with every other jaded sophomore wearing skinny jeans, thick-framed glasses, an ironic tee-shirt and over-sized retro headphones, just waiting for lecture to be over so you can light up a Turkish Gold and walk to lunch while listening to Wilco. That’s pretty much the way I spent the course, too: through structuralism, formalism, gender theory, and post-colonialism, I was far too busy shuffling through my Ipod to see what the patriarchal world order of capitalist oppression had to do with Ethan Frome. But when we began to study postmodernism, something struck a chord with me and made me sit up and look anew at the seemingly blasé college-aged literati of which I was so self-consciously one. According to my textbook, the problem with defining postmodernism is that it’s i mpossible. The difficulty is that it is so...post. It defines itself so negatively against what came before it –naturalism, romanticism and the wild revolution of modernism –that it’s sometimes hard to see what it actually is. It denies that anything can be explained neatly or even at all. It is parodic, detached, strange, and sometimes menacing to traditionalists who do not understand it. Although it arose in the post-war west (the term was coined in 1949), the generation that has witnessed its ascendance has yet to come up with an explanation of what postmodern attitudes mean for the future of culture or society. The subject intrigued me because, in a class otherwise consumed by dead-letter theories, postmodernism remained an open book, tempting to the young and curious. But it also intrigued me because the question of what postmodernism –what a movement so post-everything, so reticent to define itself – is spoke to a larger question about the political and
专八英译汉段落翻译完整版 中英文对照
My First Job When I reached the age of twelve I left the school for ever and got my first fulltime job, as a grocer’s boy. I spent my days carrying heavy loads, but I enjoyed it. It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal, for I could never stomach speaking to my “betters” with the deference my employer thought I should assume. But the limit was reached one Tuesday — my half holiday. On my way home on that day I used to carry a large basket of provisions to the home of my emplo yer’s sister-in-law. As her house was on my way home I never objected to this. On this particular Tuesday, however, just as we were putting the shutters up, a load of smoked hams was delivered at the shop. “Wait a minute,” said the boss, and he opened the load and took out a ham, which he started to bone and string up. I waited in growing impatience to get on my way, not for one minute but for a quite a considerable time. It was nearly half-past two when the boss finished. He then came to me with the ham, put it in the basket beside me, and instructed me to deliver it to a customer who had it on order. This meant going a long way out of my road home, so I looked up and said to the boss: “Do you know I finish at two on Tuesday?” I have never seen a man look m ore astonished than he did then. “What do you mean?” he gasped. I told him I meant that I would deliver the groceries as usual, but not the ham. He looked at me as if I were some unusual kind f insect and burst into a storm of abuse. But I stood firm. He gave me up as hopeless and tried new tactics. “Go out and get another boy,” he yelled at a shop-assistant. “Are you going to deliver them or not?” the boss turned to me and asked in a threatening tone. I repeated what I had said before. “Then, out of here,” he shouted. So I got out. This was the first time I had serious trouble with an employer.
综合英语 1 课后翻译答案精编版
Unit 1 1.他对这次面试中可能提到的问题作好了准备。（confront） He has prepared answers to the questions that he may confront during the interview. 2.他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎哭出声来。（touch） His sad experience touched us so deeply that we nearly cried. 3.他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步，有说有笑。(hand in hand) The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing. 4.听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。(well up) When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes. 5.上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。(in common) People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common. 6.亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在3年内买一幢新房子。(look into) Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years. 7.女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。（give in to） He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated requests to further her education abroad. 8.我们在动身去度假之前把所有的贵重物品都锁好了。（lock away） We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday. 9.虽然咱们分手了，但我希望咱们依然是好朋友，像以前一样互相关心，互相帮助。(part) Although we have parted from each other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we used to. 10.在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。（summon） At the critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics to conquer the enemy. Unit 2 1.一个由外交部长率领的政府代表团昨天抵达南非，开始对该国进行为期3天的友好访问。（head） A government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South Africa yesterday, starting a three-day friendly visit to the country. 2.看看这些讽刺社会弊端的漫画实在好笑。（awfully funny） It is awfully funny to look at these caricatures which satirize social ills. 3.计算机是最有用的教学工具之一，所有的功课以及所有的问题和答案都可在屏幕上显示出来。（show on a screen） Computers are one of the most useful teaching tools, for all your lessons as well as all the questions and all the answers can be shown on a screen. 4.张利的母亲前天突然病倒，他赶紧派人请来医生。（send for） Zhang Li’s mother fell ill the day before yesterday, so he sent for a doctor immediately.
二十二届韩素音翻译大赛汉译英优秀译文
汉译英原文： 居在巷陌的寻常幸福 隐逸的生活似乎在传统意识中一直被认为是幸福的至高境界。但这种孤傲遁世同时也是孤独的，纯粹的隐者实属少数，而少数者的满足不能用来解读普世的幸福模样。 有道是小隐隐于野，大隐隐于市。真正的幸福并不隐逸，可以在街市而不是丛林中去寻找。 晨光，透过古色古香的雕花窗棂，给庭院里精致的盆景慢慢地化上一抹金黄的淡妆。那煎鸡蛋的“刺啦”声袅袅升起，空气中开始充斥着稚嫩的童音、汽车 启动的节奏、夫妻间甜蜜的道别，还有邻居们简单朴素的问好。巷陌中的这一切，忙碌却不混乱，活泼却不嘈杂，平淡却不厌烦。 巷尾的绿地虽然没有山野的苍翠欲滴，但是空气中弥漫着荒野中所没有的 生机。微黄的路灯下，每一张长椅都写着不同的心情，甜蜜与快乐、悲伤与喜悦，交织在一起，在静谧中缓缓发酵。谁也不会知道在下一个转角中会是怎样的惊喜，会是一家风格独特食客不断的小吃店？是一家放着爵士乐的酒吧？还是一家摆着高脚木凳、连空气都闲散的小小咖啡馆？坐在户外撑着遮阳伞的木椅上， 和新认识的朋友一边喝茶，一边谈着自己小小的生活，或许也是一种惬意。 一切，被时间打磨，被时间沉淀，终于形成了一种习惯，一种默契，一种文化。 和来家中做客的邻居朋友用同一种腔调巧妙地笑谑着身边的琐事，大家眯起的眼睛都默契地着同一种狡黠；和家人一起围在饭桌前，衔满食物的嘴还发着 含糊的声音，有些聒噪，但没人厌烦。 小巷虽然狭窄，却拉不住快乐蔓延的速度…… 随着城市里那些密集而冰冷的高楼大厦拔地而起，在拥堵的车流中，在污 浊的空气里，人们的幸福正在一点点地破碎，飘零。大家住得越来越宽敞，越来越私密。自我，也被划进一个单独的空间里，小心地不去触碰别人的心灵，也 不容许他人轻易介入。可是，一个人安静下来时会觉得，曾经厌烦的那些嘈杂回想起来很温情很怀念。 比起高楼耸立的曼哈顿，人们更加喜欢佛罗伦萨红色穹顶下被阳光淹没的古老巷道；比起在夜晚光辉璀璨的陆家嘴，人们会更喜欢充满孩子们打闹嬉笑的万航渡路。就算已苍然老去，支撑起梦境的应该是老房子暗灰的安详，吴侬软语的叫卖声，那一方氤氲过温馨和回忆的小弄堂。 如果用一双细腻的眼眸去观照，其实每一片青苔和爬山虎占据的墙角，是 墨绿色的诗篇，不会飘逸，不会豪放，只是那种平淡的幸福，简简单单。 幸福是什么模样，或许并不难回答。幸福就是一本摊开的诗篇，关于在城市的天空下，那些寻常巷陌的诗。 夜幕笼罩，那散落一地的万家灯火中，有多少寻常的幸福正蜗居在巷陌……
第二十六届“第二十六届“韩素音青年翻译奖”竞赛”竞赛原文
第二十六届“韩素音青年翻译奖”竞赛原文 英译汉竞赛原文： How the News Got Less Mean The most read article of all time on BuzzFeed contains no photographs of celebrity nip slips and no inflammatory ranting. It’s a series of photos called “21 pictures that will restore your fait h in humanity,” which has pulled in nearly 14 million visits so far. At Upworthy too, hope is the major draw. “This kid just died. What he left behind is wondtacular,” an Upworthy post about a terminally ill teen singer, earned 15 million views this summer and has raised more than $300,000 for cancer research. The recipe for attracting visitors to stories online is changing. Bloggers have traditionally turned to sarcasm and snark to draw attention. But the success of sites like BuzzFeed and Upworthy, whose philosophies embrace the viral nature of upbeat stories, hints that the Web craves positivity. The reason: social media. Researchers are discovering that people want to create positive images of themselves online by sharing upbeat stories. And with more people turning to Facebook and Twitter to find out what’s happening in the world, news stories may need to cheer up in order to court an audience. If social is the future of media, then optimistic stories might be media’s future. “When we started, the prevailing wisdom was that snark ruled the Internet,” says Eli Pariser, a co-founder of Upworthy. “And we just had a really different sense of what works.” “You don’t want to be that guy at the party who’s crazy and angry and ranting in the c orner—it’s the same for Twitter or Facebook,” he says. “Part of what we’re trying to do with Upworthy is give people the tools to express a conscientious, thoughtful and positive identity in social media.” And the science appears to support Pariser’s philosophy. In a recent study from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, researchers found that “up votes,” showing that a visitor liked a comment or story, begat more up votes on comments on the site, but “down votes” did not do the same. In fact, a single up vote increased the likelihood that someone else would like a comment by 32%, whereas a down vote had no effect. People don’t want to support the cranky commenter, the critic or the troll. Nor do they want to be that negative personality online. In another study published in 2012, Jonah Berger, author of Contagious: Why Things Catch On and professor of marketing at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, monitored the most e-mailed stories produced by the New York Times for six months and found that positive stories were more likely to make the list than negative ones. “What we share [or like] is almost like the car we drive or the clothes we wear,” he says. “It
“CATTI杯”第二十七届韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛原文
“CATTI杯”第二十七届韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛 英译汉竞赛原文： The Posteverything Generation I never expected to gain any new insight into the nature of my generation, or the changing landscape of American colleges, in Lit Theory. Lit Theory is supposed to be the class where you sit at the back of the room with every other jaded sophomore wearing skinny jeans, thick-framed glasses, an ironic tee-shirt and over-sized retro headphones, just waiting for lecture to be over so you can light up a Turkish Gold and walk to lunch while listening to Wilco. That’s pretty much the way I spent the course, too: through structuralism, formalism, gender theory, and post-colonialism, I was far too busy shuffling through my Ipod to see what the patriarchal world order of capitalist oppression had to do with Ethan Frome. But when we began to study postmodernism, something struck a chord with me and made me sit up and look anew at the seemingly blasécollege-aged literati of which I was so self-consciously one. According to my textbook, the problem with defining postmodernism is that it’s impossible. The difficulty is that it is so...post. It defines itself so negatively against what came before it – naturalism, romanticism and the wild revolution of modernism – that it’s sometimes hard to see what it actually is. It denies that anything can be explained neatly or even at all. It is parodic, detached, strange, and sometimes menacing to traditionalists who do not understand it. Although it arose in the post-war west (the term was coined in 1949), the generation that has witnessed its ascendance has yet to come up with an explanation of what postmodern attitudes mean for the future of culture or society. The subject intrigued me because, in a class otherwise consumed by dead-letter theories, postmodernism remained an open book, tempting to the young and curious. But it also intrigued me because the question of what postmodernism – what a movement so post-everything, so reticent to define itself – is spoke to a larger question about the political and popular culture of today, of the other jaded sophomores sitting around me who had grown up in a postmodern world. In many ways, as a college-aged generation, we are also extremely post: post-Cold War, post-industrial, post-baby boom, post-9/11...at one point in his famous essay, “Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism,” literary critic Frederic Jameson even calls us “post-literate.” We are a generation that is riding on the tail-end of a century of war and revolution that toppled civilizations, overturned repressive social orders, and left us with more privilege and opportunity than any other society in history. Ours could be an era to accomplish anything. And yet do we take to the streets and the airwaves and say “here we are, and this is what we demand”? Do we plant our flag of youthful rebellion on the mall in Washington and say “we are not leaving until we see change! Our eyes have been opened by our education and our conception of what is possible has been expanded by our privilege and we demand a better world because it is our right”? It would seem we do the opposite. We go to war without so much as questioning the rationale, we sign away our civil liberties, we say nothing when the Supreme Court uses Brown v. Board of Education to outlaw desegregation, and we sit back to watch the carnage on the evening news. On campus, we sign petitions, join organizations, put our names on mailing lists, make small-money contributions, volunteer a spare hour to tutor, and sport an entire wardrobe’s worth of Live Strong bracelets advertising our moderately priced opposition to everything from breast cancer to global warming. But what do we really stand for? Like a true postmodern generation we refuse to weave together an overarching narrative to our own political consciousness, to present a cast of inspirational or revolutionary characters on our public stage, or to define a specific philosophy. We are a story seemingly without direction or theme, structure or meaning – a generation defined negatively against what came before us. When Al Gore once said “It’s the combination of narcissism and nihilism that really defines postmodernism,” he might as well have been echoing his entire generation’s critique of our own. We are a generation for whom even revolution seems trite, and therefore as fair a target for bland imitation as anything else. We are the generation of the Che Geuvera tee-shirt.