电梯A3标准

EN81-1:1998/A3:2009

Introduction

引言

0.3.19 The fixing system of guards, which have to be removed during maintenance and inspection, remains attached to the guard or to the equipment, when the guard is removed.

0.3.19 如果在维护和检查期间必须拆下防护装置，当防护装置被拆下时，防护装置的固定系统应仍然连接在防护装置或设备上。

1 Scope

1 适用适用范围范围

1.3 This standard does not cover:

g) lifts with rated speed ≤0.15 m/s.

1.3 本标准不适用于：

g) 额定速度≤ 0.15 m/s 的电梯

3 Terms and definitions

术语和术语和定义定义

drive control system

system controlling and monitoring the running of the lift machine

驱动控制系统

控制和监视电梯主机运行的系统

Stopping accuracy

vertical distance between car sill and landing sill at the moment when a car is stopped by the control system at its destination floor and the doors reach their fully open position 平层准确度

在控制系统使轿厢停靠在目的楼层、电梯门完全打开之时（译者注：轿内载荷没有发生变化），轿厢地坎与层门地坎之间铅垂方向的距离。

Levelling accuracy

vertical distance between car sill and landing sill during loading or unloading of the car 平层保持精度

在轿厢装载和卸载过程中，轿厢地坎与层门地坎之间铅垂方向的距离。

Unintended car movement

a non-commanded movement of the car with doors open within the door zone away from the landing, excluding movements resulting from loading/unloading operation 轿厢意外移动

处在开门区域内且门处于开启状态时，轿厢离开层站的非指令性移动，不包括装载或卸载操作所导致的移动。

9 Suspension, compensation, overspeed protection and protection against unintended car movement

9 悬挂悬挂、、补偿补偿、、超速保护超速保护和和轿厢轿厢意外意外意外移动移动移动保护保护

9.11 Protection against unintended car movement

9.11.1 Lifts shall be provided with a means to stop unintended car movement away from the landing with the landing door not in the locked position and the car door not in the closed position, as a result of failure in any single component of the lift machine or drive control system upon which the safe movement of the car depends, except failure of the suspension ropes or chains and the traction sheave or drum or sprockets of the machine.

NOTE A failure of the traction sheave includes a loss of traction.

9.11 轿厢意外移动保护

9.11.1 电梯应装设有一种装置，当层门不在锁住位置、轿门不在关闭位置时，该装置应能制停因轿厢安全运行所依赖的驱动主机或者驱动控制系统的任一元件失效，悬挂绳或链以及驱动主机的曳引轮或卷筒或链轮的失效除外，而引起的轿厢意外离开层站的移动。

注：曳引轮失效包括曳引能力的丧失。

9.11.2 The means shall detect unintended movement of the car, shall cause the car to stop, and keep it stopped.

9.11.2 该装置应能检测到轿厢的意外移动，使轿厢停止并保持停止状态。

9.11.3 The means shall be capable of performing as required without assistance from any lift component that, during normal operation, controls the speed or retardation, stops the car or keeps it stopped, unless there is built-in redundancy and correct operation is self-monitored.

NOTE Machine brake according 12.4.2 is considered to have built-in redundancy. In the case of using the machine brake, self-monitoring could include verification of

correct lifting or dropping of the mechanism or verification of braking force. If a failure is detected, next normal start of the lift shall be prevented.

Self-monitoring is subject to type examination.

9.11.3 该装置应能够完成所要求的功能，而不需要任何在电梯正常运行时控制速度、减速度、停止轿厢或者保持轿厢停止状态的部件协助，除非这些部件存在内部冗余度并且自监控其正确动作。

注：符合12.4.2规定的主机制动器被认为有内部冗余。

如果使用机械制动器，自监控则是指验证机械装置正确地释放或者动作，或是验证制动力。如果检测到失效，应阻止电梯的下一次正常启动。

自监控（系统）应进行型式试验。

9.11.4 The stopping element of the means shall act:

a) on the car, or

b) on the counterweight, or

c) on the rope system (suspension or compensating), or

d) on the traction sheave (e.g. on the sheave directly or on the same shaft in the immediate vicinity of the sheave).

The stopping element of the means, or the means keeping the car stopped may be common with those used for:

—preventing overspeed in down direction,

—preventing ascending car overspeed (9.10).

The stopping elements of the means may be different for the down direction and for the up direction.

9.11.4 该装置的制动元件应作用于：

a) 轿厢上，或

b) 对重上，或

c) 悬挂或补偿绳系统上，或

d) 曳引轮上（例如，直接作用在曳引轮上或是作用在最靠近曳引轮的曳引轮轴上）。

该装置的制动元件或者保持轿厢停止状态的装置，也可用于防止：

— 下行超速保护，

— 轿厢上行超速保护（9.10）。

用于上行方向与用于下行方向制动时，该装置的制动元件可以是不同的。

9.11.5 The means shall stop the car in a distance:

—not exceeding 1,20 m from the landing where the unintended car movement has been detected, and

—the vertical distance between the landing sill and the lowest part of the car apron shall not exceed

200 mm, and

—the free distance from car sill to landing door lintel, or from landing sill to car door lintel shall not be less than 1,00 m (see Figure 4).

These values shall be obtained with any load in the car, up to 100 % of rated load.

9.11.5 该装置制停轿厢的距离应：

Figure 4 — Unintended car movement

图4 －轿厢的意外移动

— 距检测到轿厢意外移动的层站不超过1.20 m，且

— 层门地坎与轿厢护脚板最低部分之间的垂直距离应不超过200 mm，且

— 从轿厢地坎到层门门楣的净空距离，或者从层门地坎到轿门门楣的净空距离不应小于1.00 m（见图4）。

制动从空载到载有额定载荷的轿厢时，均应满足上述制动距离的要求。

9.11.6 During the stopping phase, the stopping element of the means shall not allow a retardation of the car in excess of:

—1 gn for unintended movements in up direction,

—the values accepted for safety gears in down direction.

These values shall be obtained with any load in the car, up to 100 % of rated load, moving away from a standstill position at landing level.

9.11.6 在此装置制动元件制动过程中，轿厢的减速度不应超过：

— 对意外上行移动，1g n，

— 在下行方向，安全钳制动时可接受的值。

制动从空载到载有额定载荷的轿厢离开层站停层位置的移动时，均应满足上述减速度

的要求。

9.11.7 The unintended movement of the car shall be detected by at least one switching device at latest when the car leaves the unlocking zone (7.7.1).

This switching device shall:

—either be a safety contact in conformity with 14.1.2.2, or

—be connected in such a way as to satisfy the requirements for safety circuits in

14.1.2.3, or

—satisfy requirements of 14.1.2.6.

9.11.7 最迟在轿厢离开开锁区域（7.7.1）时，至少应有一个开关装置检测到轿厢的意外移动。

该开关装置应：

— 是一个符合14.1.2.2要求的安全触点，或

— 以满足14.1.2.3对安全电路要求的方式连接，或

— 满足14.1.2.6的要求。（译者注：这是EN81-1:1998的A1修正案中有关PESSRAL的要求，GB7588-2003中没有14.1.2.6条）。

9.11.8 The means shall operate an electric safety device in conformity with 14.1.2 if it is engaged.

NOTE This can be common to switching device of 9.11.7.

9.11.8 该装置动作时应触发一个满足14.1.2的电气安全装置动作。

注：此电气安全装置可以同时是9.11.7要求的开关装置。

9.11.9 When the means has been activated or the self-monitoring has indicated a failure of the stopping element of the means, its release or the reset of the lift shall require the intervention of a competent person.

9.11.9 当该装置被触发或是自监控检测到该装置的制动元件出现失效时，该装置的释放或者电梯的复位必须由称职人员的进行。

9.11.10 The release of the means shall not require the access to the car or the counterweight.

9.11.10 该装置的释放应不需要接近轿厢或者对重。

9.11.11 After its release, the means shall be in a condition to operate.

9.11.11 该装置被释放后应能够正常工作。

9.11.12 If the means requires external energy to operate, the absence of energy shall cause the lift to stop and keep it stopped. This does not apply for guided compressed springs.

9.11.12 如果该装置需要外部的能量来驱动，当该能量缺失时应能使电梯停止并使其保

持停止状态。本要求不适用于带导向的压缩弹簧。

9.11.13 The unintended car movement with open doors protection means is regarded as a safety component and shall be verified according to the requirements in F.8.

9.11.13 轿厢在开门状态下意外移动的保护装置是安全部件，应按照附录F.8的要求进行型式试验。

12.12 Normal stopping of the car at landings and levelling accuracy

—The stopping accuracy of the car shall be 10 mm;

— l evelling accuracy of ± 20 mm shall be maintained. If, during e.g. loading and unloading phases, the value of 20 mm is exceeded, it shall be corrected.

12.12 轿厢在层站的正常停层和平层轿厢在层站的正常停层和平层保持精度保持精度

— 轿厢的平层准确度应为 ±10 mm ；

— 平层保持精度应保持在 ±20 mm 内。如果超过了20 mm ，例如在装载或卸载过

程中，电梯应进行校正。

16 Examinations - Tests - Register - Maintenance

16.1 Examinations and tests

16.1.3 A copy of each relevant type examination certificate shall be provided for: h) protection against unintended car movement.

16 检验检验、、试验试验、、记录与维护

16.1 检验和试验

16.1.3 应提供下列型式试验证书的复印件：

h) 轿厢以外移动保护装置。

Annex A 附录A

（normative 规范性附录）

List of the electric safety devices

电气安全装置电气安全装置表表

Table A.1 — List of the electric safety devices

表A.1—电气安全装置表 Clause

条款

Devices checked 所检查的装置 SIL 9.11.7 Detection of unintended car movement with open doors

轿厢在开门状态下意外移动的检测 2

9.11.8 Check the activation of the unintended car movement with

open doors protection means

轿厢在开门状态下意外移动保护装置动作状况的检查

1

Annex D 附录D

（normative 规范性附录）

Examinations and tests before putting into service

交付使用前的交付使用前的检验检验检验与试验与试验

D.2 Tests and verifications

试验和验证

o) functional tests of the following devices if available:

—Stopping of the car at landings and levelling accuracy (12.12)

—the stopping accuracy of the car shall be verified to be in compliance with 12.12, at all landings, and in both directions for intermediate floors;

—verify that the car maintains levelling accuracy as per 12.12 during loading and

unloading conditions. This verification shall be made at the most unfavourable floor. o) 下列装置的功能试验（如果有的话）

—轿厢在层站平层准确度和平层保持精度（12.12）

— 检验轿厢在所有层站，包括在中间层站的上、下行两个方向上的平层准确度，

应符合12.12的要求。

— 在装载和卸载的情况下，轿厢的平层保持精度应符合12.12的要求。该检验应

在最不利的楼层进行。

p) Unintended car movement protection means (9.11)

The type-examination has demonstrated the functionality of the means. The aim of the test before putting into service is to check detection, and stopping elements.

Test-requirements

Only the stopping element of the means defined in 9.11 shall be used for the tests for stopping the lift.

The test shall:

— consist of verifying that the stopping element of the means is triggered as required by type examination;

— be made by moving the empty car in up direction in the upper part of the well (e.g. from one floor from top terminal) and fully loaded car in down direction in the lower part of the well (e.g. from one floor from bottom terminal) with a 'pre-set' speed, e.g. as defined during type testing, (inspection speed etc.);

The test, as defined by the type-examination, shall confirm that the unintended movement distance will not exceed the value given in 9.11.5.

If the means requires self-monitoring (9.11.3), its function shall be checked.

NOTE If the stopping element of the means involves elements present at landing floors,

it could be necessary to repeat the test for each concerned landing.

p) 轿厢意外移动保护装置（9.11）

型式试验已经证明了该装置的功能，交付使用前试验的目的是为了查验检测和制动元件。

试验要求：试验时，仅使用9.11中所定义的该装置制动元件使电梯制停。

试验应：

— 包括核实该装置的制动元件是按照型式试验所要求的方式被触发；

— 以预先设定好的速度，例如在型式试验中所定义的速度，（检修速度等），在井道上部使空载轿厢上行（例如，从一个层站到顶层）时，和在井道下部使满载轿厢下行（例如，从一个层站到到底层）进行。

依照型式试验的规定，本试验应确认轿厢意外移动的距离应不超过9.11.5中给出的数值。

如果该装置要求自监控（9.11.3），应验证自监控功能。

注：如果该装置的制动元件包括有安装在层站的元件，则有必要重复对每个有关联的层站进行试验。

Annex E 附录E

（informative 资料性附录）

Periodical examinations and tests, examinations and tests after an important

modification or after an accident

或事故后的

装后或事故后

的检验和试验

大改装

定期、重大改

E.2 Examinations and tests after an important modification or after an accident

In particular, the following are considered as important modifications:

b) change or replacement of:

15) the unintended car movement protection.

E.2 重大改装或事故后的检验和试验

特别指出，下列情况被认为是重大改装：

b) 改变或更新

15) 轿厢意外移动的保护装置。

Annex F 附录F

（normative 标准的附录）

Safety components - Tests procedures for verification of conformity

安全安全部件部件 — 合格性验证合格性验证试验规程试验规程

F.8 Unintended car movement protection means

F.8 轿厢意外移动保护装置

F.8.1 General provisions

The applicant shall state the key parameters for use of the system consisting of an unintended car movement detector, control circuits and stopping element(s) that form part of the type examination:

minimum and maximum masses;

minimum and maximum force or torque, if applicable;

individual response times of detector, control circuit and stopping element(s); highest speed anticipated before deceleration occurs (see Note 1);

distance from the floor at which the detector device will be installed;

test speed(s) (see Note 2);

limits of temperature and humidity of the design and any other relevant information agreed between the applicant and test laboratory.

NOTE 1 As an example and indication, where the natural acceleration is 1,5 m/s2 and without any torque contribution from the motor, the maximum speed attainable would be in the magnitude of 2 m/s. This is based on the speed attained at start of

deceleration e.g. being the result of a “natural” acceleration of 1,5 m/s2 through the response times of the unintended car movement protection device, control circuit and stopping elements.

NOTE 2 Test speed(s): a speed stated by the manufacturer, used by the test laboratory to establish a distance moved by the lift (verification distance) so that the unintended movement system is verified for correct operation during final inspection at site. This could be the inspection speed or any other speed determined by the manufacturer and agreed by the laboratory.

Distance the car is permitted to move during unintended movement as defined in clause

9.11.5 is shown in Figure F.2.

The following documents are to be attached to the applications:

a) detailed and assembly drawings showing the construction, operation, the dimensions and tolerances of the components;

b) if necessary, also a load diagram relating to elastic parts;

c) detailed information of the materials used, the type of part on which the means acts, and its surface condition, if relevant (drawn, milled, ground, etc.).

F.8.1 总则

申请方应说明使用此系统的关键参数，该系统包括轿厢意外移动检测器、控制电路和制动元件，这些都是型式试验的一部分：

— 最小和最大质量；

— 最小和最大制动力或者扭矩（如果适用的话）；

— 检测器、控制电路和制动元件各自的响应时间；

— 发生减速前预期的最大速度（见注1）；

— 距安装检测器之层站的距离；

— 试验速度（见注2）；

— 设计的温度和湿度极限，以及申请者与试验室间协商同意的其他任何相关信息。

注1：作为举例和提示，正常加速度是1.5 m/s2且没有任何来自驱动电机的扭矩干扰，可达到的最大速度通常在2 m/s之内。这是基于在减速开始时所达到的速度，例如通过轿厢意外移动保护装置、控制电路以及制动元件的响应时间，就自然能产生1.5 m/s2的加速度。

注2：试验速度：制造商规定的一个速度，试验室用于设定电梯移动距离（确认距离），以便在最终检查校验意外移动系统，用于纠正现场最后检验的操作。它可以是检修速度或是由生产商确定、试验室同意的任何其它速度。

9.11.5规定的在意外移动期间轿厢允许移动的距离如图F.2所示。

申请书应附有下列文件：

a) 给出组件结构、操作、尺寸和公差的零件图和装配图；

b) 如有必要，还应有弹性元件的载荷特性图；

c) 所用材料的详细信息，承受该装置作用的零件类型和其表面状态（如果有关的话，如冷拉，铣削，磨削等等）

F.8.2 Statement and test sample

声明和试验样品

F.8.2.1 The applicant shall state for what duty the means is intended

申请人应说明该装置的预期功用。

F.8.2.2 Test sample as agreed between applicant and the laboratory:

申请人与试验单位商定的试验样品：

— As appropriate, a complete assembly consisting of, unintended car movement detection device, control circuit (actuator), stopping elements and any

monitoring device(s) if applicable.

— 一般情况下，应提供一个成套完整的组件，该组件由轿厢意外移动检测装置、控制电路（触发器）、制动元件组成和所有的监控装置（如果适用的话）。

— The number of sets of gripping elements necessary for all the tests shall be attached.

— 应附有全部试验所需要的数套夹紧元件。

— The type of part on which the device acts, shall also be supplied with the dimensions specified by the laboratory.

— 承受该装置作用之部件，也应按照试验室规定的尺寸提供。

F.8.3 Test 试验

F.8.3.1 Method of Test 试验方法

The method of test shall be defined between applicant and test laboratory, depending on the device and its function to achieve a realistic operation of the system.

试验方法应由申请人与试验室协商确定，它取决于装置本身及其在系统实际操作中能实现的功能。

Measurements shall be made of:

测量值应由以下内容组成：

—the stopping distance;

—制动距离；

—the average retardation;

—平均减速度；

—the response time of the control circuits (see figure F.2, item 1);

—控制电路的响应时间（见图F.2，项目1）；

—the response time of the braking element (see figure F.2, item 2);

—制动元件的响应时间（见图F.2，项目2）；

—the total distance travelled (sum of acceleration and stopping distances).

—总的运行距离（加速和制动距离的和）。

Test shall also include:

试验还应包括：

—operation of the unintended car movement detection device and

—轿厢意外移动检测设备的操作，和

—any automatic monitoring system, if applicable.

—所有自动监控系统（如果适用的话）。

F.8.3.2 Test procedure

试验程序

20 tests shall be made on the stopping element with:

对制动元件进行20次试验，试验的：

—no result outside the specification,

—试验结果都在申请范围内，

—each result within ±20% of the average value.

—每次试验的结果都在平均值±20%以内。

Average value to be stated on the certificate.

在证书中要注明平均值。

F.8.3.2.1 Device certified for a single mass or torque

认证用于单一质量或扭矩的装置

The laboratory shall carry out ten tests with the system mass or torque representing an empty car in up direction and ten tests with the system mass or torque representing a car carrying the rated load in down direction.

试验室应采用相当于空载轿厢的系统质量或扭矩进行10次轿厢上行试验，采用相当于轿厢载有额定载荷的系统质量或扭矩进行10次轿厢下行试验。

Between each test the friction parts shall be allowed to return to their normal temperature.

在各次试验之间，应允许摩擦件恢复到正常温度。

During the tests several identical sets of friction parts may be used. However, one set of parts shall be capable of 5 tests minimum.

在试验期间，可使用数套相同的摩擦件，但一套摩擦件应至少可进行5次试验。F.8.3.2.2 Device certified for different masses or torques

认证用于不同质量或扭矩的装置

A series of tests shall be carried out for the maximum value applied for and a series for the minimum value. The applicant shall supply a formula or a chart, showing the calculated variation of the braking force or torque as a function of a given adjustment. The results being expressed in distance travelled.

试验单位应对申请的最大值和最小值分别进行一系列的试验。申请人应提供一个公式或图表，以说明制动力或制动扭矩与给定调整值成函数关系的预定变化值。试验结果应以运行距离来表示。

The laboratory shall verify the validity of the formula or chart.

试验室应验证公式与图表的有效性

F.8.3.2.3 Unintended movement detection means

F.8.3.2.3 意外移动检测装置

F.8.3.2.3.1 Test procedure 试验程序

10 tests shall be made to verify the operation of the device.

应进行10次试验以确认检测装置的动作情况。

F.8.3.2.4 Redundancy monitoring 冗余度监控

F.8.3.2.4.1 Test procedure 试验程序

10 tests shall be made to verify the operation of the device.

应进行10次试验以确认冗余度监控装置的动作情况。

F.8.3.3 Checks after the test 试验后的检查

After the test: 试验后：

a) the mechanical characteristics of the stopping element(s) shall be compared with the original values quoted by the applicant. Other analyses may be carried out in special cases;

应将制动元件的机械性能与申请人提供的原始值进行比较。在特殊情况下，可以进行其他分析。

b) if there is no fracture or deformations and any other changes shall be examined (for example, cracks, deformations or wear of the gripping elements, appearance of the rubbing surfaces);

如果夹紧元件没有断裂或是变形，应检查是否有其他变化情况（如夹紧元件的裂纹，变形或磨损，摩擦表面的外观）？？？？

c) if necessary, photographs shall be taken of the gripping elements and the parts on which the device acts for evidence of deformations or fractures.

如有必要，应拍摄夹紧元件与设备所作用部件的照片，以便作为变形或断裂的依据。

F.8.4 Possible modification to the adjustments

调整值可能的修正

If, during the tests, the values found differ by more than 20% from those expected by the applicant, another series of tests may be made with his agreement, after modification of the adjustments if necessary.

试验期间，如果得到的数值和申请人期望的值相差20%以上。则在必要时，征得申请人的同意，可在修改调整值后另进行一系列试验。

F.8.5 Test report

试验报告

In order to achieve reproductibility, the type examination shall be recorded in all details, such as:

为了试验的可再现性，应记录下型式试验所有细节，例如：

— the method of test defined between applicant and laboratory;

申请人与试验单位确定的试验方法；

— the description of the testing arrangement;

试验布局的描述；

— location of the device to be used when installed in the testing arrangement;

在试验布局中设备的安装位置；

— number of tests carried out;

所进行的试验次数；

—record of all measured values;

所有测试数据的记录；

— report of observations during the test;

测试期间的观察报告；

—evaluation of the test results to show compliance with the requirements.

试验结果和要求的一致性判断

F.8.6 Type examination certificate

型式试验证书

F.8.6.1 The certificate shall be drawn up in triplicate, i.e. two copies for the applicant and one copy for the laboratory.

证书须一式3份，二份给申请人1份留试验单位

F.8.6.2 The certificate shall indicate:

证书应包括如下内容：

a) information according to F.0.2

F.0.2所述及的内容；

b) type and application of the unintended car movement protection system;

轿厢意外移动保护系统的类型和应用；

c) the limits of the key parameters (as agreed between laboratory and manufacturer); 关键参数的极允许范围（试验单位与生产者就此达成一致）；

d) the test-speed with relevant parameters for Final Inspection use;

最终检验所使用的试验速度和相关参数；

e) the type of parts on which the stopping elements act;

制动元件所作用的部件类型；

f) the combination of “detecting” device and “stopping” element of the means.

设备的“监控”装置和“制动”元件的组合。

Figure F.2 — Response time

响应时间(图F.2见原文件)