AC-DT-6发电机试验作业指导书-中英文

类别电气调试本期规模2×600MW

印度安巴拉

C厂2×600MW机组

机组编号#1机组编号AC-DT-6

发电机作业指导书

Generator instruction

批准：

审核：

编制：

2009年11月

目录

Contents

1、编制目的 (03)

Compilation purpose

2、编制依据 (03)

Compilation gist

3、设备概况 (03)

General instruction of the equipment

4、试验准备 (03)

Preparation for the test

5、试验内容、方法及注意事项 (03)

Testing content, method and precaution

6、危害辩识及技术安全措施 (09)

Dangerous identification and technical safety measures

1、编制目的

Compilation purpose

本作业指导书适用于额定功率为50MW及以上、环氧粉云母绝缘的三相同步发电机和同步调相机，规定了发电机交接验收、预防性试验、检修过程中的常规电气试验的引用标准、仪器设备要求、作业程序、试验结果判断方法和试验注意事项等。制定本作业指导书的目的是规范操作、保证试验结果的准确性，为设备运行、监督、检修提供依据。

This instruction is suitable for the epoxy mica insulating three-phase synchronous generator and synchronous condenser whose rating power is over 50MW, stipulates the quotation standard, operation procedure, apparatus and equipment requirement, the method of judging the test result and test notices of the generator acceptance test, preventive test and conventional electrical test under the overhaul process. The purpose of this instruction is to standardize operation, guarantee the accuracy of the test result and provide the basis for the equipment operation, supervision and maintenance.

2、编制依据

Compilation gist

2．1设计院关于印度安巴拉C厂2×600MW工程#1机组的有关设计图纸及厂家的技术资料

The related design drawing and technical documents of the manufactory for the India, Anpara-C 2X600MW power plant project.

2．2合同中相关规定。

The related regulation in the contract.

3、设备概况

General instruction of the equipment

印度安巴拉C厂2×600MW机组项目工程汽轮发电机组参数如下：

The parameter of the turbine-generator unit in India, Anpara-C 2X600MW project is as follow: 型号QFSN-600-2-22D

Type:

额定功率600MW

Rating power:

额定电压22KV

Rating voltage:

额定电流18525A

Rating current:

额定功率因数0.85

Rating power factor:

额定频率50Hz

Rating frequency:

额定转速3000r/min

Rating rotate speed:

相数 3

Phase:

接法2-Y

Connection:

额定励磁电流4727A

Rating excitation current:

额定励磁电压431V

Rating excitation voltage:

4、试验准备

Preparation for the test

4．1应在试验开始之前详细记录试品的铭牌参数，检查、了解试品的状态及其历史运行有无异常情况，并进行记录。

It should make a detailed record of the nameplate parameter of the test pieces before the test, check and know the test piece’s state and whether there are abnormal conditions in its history operation and make a record.

4．2应根据交接或预试等不同的情况依据相关规程规定，从下面项目中确定本次试验所需进行的试验项目和程序。

It should confirm the items and procedure of this test from the below items according to the different conditions of the acceptance test and preventive test and related regulation of the rule.

5、试验内容、试验方法及注意事项

Testing content, method and precaution

5．1发电机常规试验包括以下试验项目：

The normal test items of the generator are as follow:

定子绕组的绝缘电阻、吸收比

The insulated resistance and absorptance of the stator winding

定子绕组的直流电阻

DC resistance of the stator winding

转子绕组的绝缘电阻

The insulated resistance of the rotor winding

转子绕组的直流电阻

DC resistance of the rotor winding

转子绕组的交流阻抗和功率损耗

The AC impedance and power loss of the rotor winding

轴电压

Shaft voltage

5.2定子绕组的绝缘电阻、吸收比

The insulated resistance and absorptance of the stator winding

5.2.1设备清单和要求

The equipment list and requirement

a)温度计（误差±1℃）、湿度计；

Thermometer (error±1℃), hygrometer;

b)对空冷、氢冷及水冷绕组水回路干燥或吹干测量，应采用量程不低于10000MΩ的

2500V兆欧表；对水冷绕组通水测量应采用水内冷电机绝缘测试仪（简称专用兆欧表）。It should dry the water loop or blow drying measurement to the air cooling, hydrogen cooling and water-cooling windings, adopt the 2500V megar whose range should be not less than 10000MΩ; it should adopt internal water cooling insulated test meter (for short, special ohmmeter) to measure the water cooling winding water-through.

5.2.2测试方法

Measuring method

如果各绕组的首末端单独引出，则应分别测量各绕组对机壳及绕组相互间的绝缘电阻，这时所有其他绕组应同机壳做电气连接。当中性点不易分开时，则测量所有连在一起的绕组对机壳的绝缘电阻。

If each winding head end and terminal end was led out separately, it should measure the insulated resistance between each winding and the casing and between the windings separately, at this time, electrically connect all the other windings with the casing. When the neutral point is not easy to be

separated, it should measure the insulated resistance between all the joined winding and the casing.

a)测量前要把所有发电机出口电压互感器拉出或拆掉电压互感器的一次保险。

It should pull out all generators outlet voltage transformers or dismantle primary insurance of the voltage transformer before the measurement.

b)测量并记录环境温度和湿度，如果绕组温度与环境温度相差较大应测量定子膛内平均

温度作为绕组温度。

Measure and record the surrounding temperature and humidity, if the difference between the winding temperature and surrounding temperature is too big, it should measure the average temperature inside the stator bore as the winding temperature.

c)将所有绕组充分放电。

Discharge all the windings completely.

d)被测如果是水内冷发电机，将汇水管用导线引至试验场地。把汇水管所有引下线拧在

一起，用万用表测量汇水管对地电阻，通常应达到30kΩ以上方可进行步骤e）。将汇水管引线接至专用兆欧表的屏蔽端子上。

If the internal water cooling generator is measured, lead the confluent water pipe to the test field by the conductor. Wring all the down lead of the confluent water pipe together, use the multimeter to measure the confluent water pipe resistance to ground, usually when the resistance reach over 30kΩ, it can carry out the step (5.2.2.5). Connect the lead wire of the confluent water pipe with the shielded terminal of the special megohm-meter.

e)分相或分支测量时，每相或每个分支的绕组必须头尾短接，并将非被试绕组、转子绕

组连接至机壳。而测量绕组整体的绝缘电阻（如起机时不能分相测量）一般在发电机中性点接地变压器或电抗器隔离刀闸上口进行。

When measuring the split phase or branches, the head and the end of the windings of each phase or each branch must be shorted, and connect the non-tested winding and rotor winding with the casing (see graph 1). The insulated resistance used for measuring the winding entirety could be carried out on the generator neutral point grounding transformer or reactor isolated switch.

f)将地线端子用接地线和发电机的外壳连接好，用绝缘把手将火线接触被测量绕组的引

出端头上，开始测量。记录15秒、60秒、600秒的绝缘电阻值。

Connect the earth terminal with the casing of the generator by ground connection; contact the testing end with the exit end of the tested winding by the insulated handle, then start measuring. Set down the insulated resistance value at 15secs, 60secs and 600secs.

g)将被测绕组回路对接地的机壳作电气连接5分钟以上使其充分放电。

Connect grounding casing of the tested winding loop with the electric for more than 5mins to discharge it fully.

h)测量其他绕组。

Measuring other windings.

5.2.3试验结果判断依据

Judgment gist for test result

a)绝缘电阻值自行规定。若在相近试验条件下，绝缘电阻值低到历年正常值1/3以下时，

应查明原因。

The insulated resistance value meets the regulation. Under the similar test condition, if the insulated resistance value is under 1/3 of the annual normal value, find out the reason.

b)各相或分支绝缘电阻的差值不应大于最小值的100％。

The differential value between each phase or branch insulated resistance should be not more than 100% of the minimum value.

c)吸收比不小于1.6或极化指数不小于2.0；水内冷绕组自行规定。200MW以上机组推

荐极化指数。

Absorptance is not less than 1.6 or polarized index is not less than 2.0; internal water cooling winding is stipulated automatically, the unit which is over 200MW is recommended by polarized index.

5.2.4 注意事项

Precaution

a)对水内冷绕组，绝缘电阻测量值受内冷水水质的影响，因此试验时应水质良好，电导

率小于2μS/cm。

To the internal cooling water winding, the insulated resistance measurement value is affected by the water quality of the internal cooling water, therefore, the water quality should be in good conditions during test and electrical conductivity is less than 2μS/cm.

+1)MΩ机组即可启动(其中

b)如果测量带着封闭母线，有时绝缘电阻会较低，但达到(U

N

U

为发电机额定电压，单位：kV)。

N

If measure it with enclosed bus bar, sometimes, the insulated resistance could be lower, it could startup the unit if the insulated resistance reaches (U N+1)MΩ(U N stand for rating voltage of the generator, unit: kV ).

c)应考虑环境温度和湿度对测量结果的影响。

It should be considered that the effect of the environmental temperature and humidity on the result.

5.3 定子绕组的直流电阻

The DC resistance of the stator winding

5.3.1设备清单和要求

Equipment list and requirement

a)3～5支温度计（误差±1℃）

3～5 pieces thermometer(error±1℃)

b)有效位数不低于4位、0.5级以上10－5～10－1Ω双臂电桥或0.5级以上直流电阻测试

仪。

Effective digit should be not less than 4, 10－5～10－1Ωdouble bridge over 0.5 grade or d.c resistance test meter over 0.5 grade.

5.3.2测试方法

Measuring method

a)冷态测量，绕组表面温度与周围空气温度之差不应大于±2℃。

Cold measurement, the difference between the surface temperature of the winding and surrounding air temperature should not be over ±2℃.

b)如果各分支的首末端单独引出，则应分别测量各分支的直流电阻。

If the head end and terminal end of each branch has been led out separately, it should measure the direct current resistance of each branch separately.

5.3.3试验步骤

Testing programs

a)在定子膛内放置3～5支温度计15min以上，记录并计算平均值作为绕组平均温度。

如果温差大于2℃，应找出原因并排除。

It should place 3～5 pieces thermometers in the stator bore for over 15min, record and calculate the average value as the winding average temperature. If the temperature difference is over 2℃, find out the reason and resolve it.

b)其他非被测的绕组短路接地，测量各相或各分支的直流电阻值。每一电阻应测3次，

每次应在电桥平衡破坏后重新进行测量，每次读数与3次读数平均值之差在0.5％以内时，取平均值作为测量值。

Ground other non-tested winding short circuit, measure the DC resistance value of the each phase and each branch. Measure 3 times on each resistance, re-measure it after the bridge balance is broken every time, when the difference between every indication and the average value of 3 times

indication is within 0.5%, take the average value as the measurement value.

5.3.4试验结果判断依据

Judgment gist for the test result

a) 各相或各分支直流电阻值互差以及与初次测量值比较，相差值不大于最小值的1.5％

（水轮机为1％）。

Compare the DC resistance value difference between each phase and each branch with the initial measurement value, the differential value should not exceed 1.5% of the minimum value(hydraulic turbine should be 1%)

相间或分支间互差= 最小值

最大值－最小值 ×100% Inter-phase difference or inter-branch difference =

min min max － ×100% 与初次测量值互差＝

初次值初次值测量值－×100% The difference compared with

the initial measurement value = value initial value

initial t value measuremen －×100%

其中测量值为换算到同一温度t 0（初次值的绕组测量温度）后的值R 0，

R 0 = ta +235t +2350 R a

The measurement value represents R 0 value after conversion from the same temperature t 0（the winding measurement temperature of the initial value ）

式中t a 为测量时绕组平均温度，R a 为测量值。

In the formula, t a represent the winding average temperature, R a represent measurement value.

b) 汽轮发电机相间差或分支间差与历年的相对变化大于1％时应引起注意。

Compare the turbine generator inter-phase difference or inter-branch difference with the history relative changes, if over 1%, pay attention to it.

5.4转子绕组的绝缘电阻

the insulated resistance of the rotor winding

5.4.1设备清单和要求

Equipment list and requirement

1) 温度计（误差±1℃）、湿度计；

Thermometer (error±1℃), hygrometer.

2)500V（或制造厂要求电压等级的）兆欧表；

500V or the voltage grade required by manufacturer megohm-meter

3)有300mm以上绝缘手柄的电刷（发电机动态空转测量时）。

Brush with over 300mm insulated handle which is used for measuring the generator dynamic free running.

5.4.2测试方法

Measuring method

分静态和动态空转两种情况。将兆欧表的测试线接于转子滑环上、地线接于转子轴上。It has two kinds, static and dynamic free running. Connect the test line of the megohm-meter with the rotor slip ring, connect the earth wire with the rotor axis.

5.4.3试验步骤

Test programs

a)静态测量前将滑环短路接地放电，提起碳刷测量。

Ground the slip ring to discharge before static measurement, then take up the carbon brush measurement.

b)动态空转测量时，断开灭磁开关到碳刷架的励磁母线或电缆，将碳刷提起，测量不同

转速下的绝缘电阻。该项目试验结束后发电机加励磁前恢复接线。

During dynamic free running measurement, switch off the excitation bus bar or cable from the de-excitation switch to the carbon brush holder, then take up the carbon brush, measure the insulating resistance under different rotating speed. Reconnect the wire before the generator adding excitation after the item test.

5.4.4安全措施

Safety measures

动态测量时特别注意，不得同时接触两极或一极与接地部分，谨防衣物或其他物品被旋转物挂住。

During the dynamic measurement, pay much attention to following things, forbid contacting two poles or contact one pole and grounding part at the same time, beware of the cloth or other objects not being stuck by the rotating objects.

5.4.5试验结果判断依据（或方法）

Judgment gist (or method) of test result

a)室温下，绝缘电阻一般不应小于0.5MΩ。

Under the room temperature, commonly the insulated resistance should be not less than 0.5MΩ.

b)室温下，水内冷转子绕组绝缘电阻值一般不小于5kΩ。

Under the room temperature, commonly the insulated resistance value of the internal water cooling rotor winding should be not less than 5kΩ.

5.4.6 注意事项

Precaution

a)不宜将兆欧表的地线接在机座或外壳上。

It is inadvisable to connect the earth wire of the mega-meter with the casing or frame.

b)动态空转高转速测量时绝缘电阻值可能会降低较多，应进行综合分析，一般不小于判

断依据中规定的数值，就认为试验通过。

During the dynamic free running high rotating speed measurement, the insulated resistance value might reduce a lot, it should carry out comprehensive analysis, and the test is passed if the insulated resistance value is not less than the stated value of the judgment gist.

5.5 转子绕组的直流电阻

DC resistance of the rotor winding

5.5.1设备清单和要求

Equipment list and requirement

a)温度计1支（误差±1℃）；

Thermometer 1 piece (error±1℃);

b)有效位数不低于4位、0.5级以上10－5～10－1Ω双臂电桥或0.5级以上直流电阻测试

仪。

Effective digit should be not less than 4, 10－5～10－1Ωdouble bridge over 0.5 grade or DC resistance test meter over 0.5 grade.

5.5.2测试方法

Measuring method

冷态测量，绕组表面温度与周围空气温度之差不应大于±2℃。

Cold measurement, the difference between the surface temperature of the winding and surrounding air temperature should be not more than ±2℃.

5.5.3试验步骤

Testing program

a)测量绕组表面温度（困难时可用转子表面温度代替），测点不少于3点，取平均值作

为绕组的冷态温度。对水内冷绕组在通水情况下，可在绕组进出口水温差不超过1K，铁心温度与环境温度不超过2K时，取进出口水温的平均值作为绕组的冷态温度。Measure the winding surface temperature (if it is difficult, it could be replaced by the rotor surface temperature), the measurement point should be not less than 3 point. Take the average value as the winding cold temperature. When the internal water cooling winding is under water-through condition, if the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet is not over 1K and the difference between the core temperature and environment temperature is not over 2K, take the average value of the inlet/outlet temperature as the winding cold temperature..

b)将测量设备或仪表接到滑环上进行测量。转子滑环光滑不易接线，应注意把测量线接

牢，否则读数不稳定。

Connect the measuring equipment or instrument with the slip ring to measure. It is not easy to connect with the slip ring because of its smoothness, connect the measuring line firmly, otherwise, the indication would be not steady.

c)当采用电桥测量时，每一电阻应测3次，每次应在电桥平衡破坏后重新进行测量，每

次读数与3次读数平均值之差在0.5％以内时，取平均值作为测量值。

When use the bridge to measure, it should measure 3 times on each resistance, re-measure it after the bridge balance is breaking every time, when the difference between every indication and the average value of 3 times indication is within 0.5%, take the average value as the measurement value.

5.5.4试验结果判断依据

Judgment gist of the test result

a)按5.2.3第a）条中公式将测量值为换算到同一温度（初次值的绕组温度）。Recalculate the measurement value to the same temperature (winding temperature of the initial value) according to the formula in the 5.2.3 a）.

b)与初次值（交接或大修）所测结果比较，其差别一般不超过2％。

Compare with the measurement result of the initial value (handover or overhaul), commonly the difference should not exceed 2%.

5.6 转子绕组的交流阻抗和功率损耗

The AC impedance and power loss of the rotor windings.

5.6.1设备清单和要求

Equipment list and requirement

a)温度计（误差±1℃）

Thermometer (error±1℃)

b)220V调压器，容量可根据厂家提供的本项试验数据中电流值定；

220V pressure regulator, the capacity could be fixed according to the current value of this test date provided by the manufacturers.

c)0.5级交流电压表，量程通常选150V；

0.5 grade AC voltmeter with 150V range commonly.

d)0.5级交流电流表，量程5A；

0.5 grade AC ammeter with 5A range.

e)0.5级单相低功率因数功率表，量程通常选150V/5A/cosφ=0.1；

0.5 grade single-phase low power factor wattmeter with 150V/5A/cosφ=0.1 range commonly.

f)0.5级电流互感器，变比通常选50A/5A。

0.5 grade current transformer, no-load voltage ratio always choose 50A/5A.

5.6.2测试方法

Measuring method

a)隐极式转子在膛外或膛内以及不同转速下测量，显极式转子对每个磁极转子绕组测

量。

To the Cathodical rotor, measure the inside or outside of the bore and different rotating speed, to the explicit rotor, measure every magnetic pole rotor winding.

b)每次试验应在相同条件相同电压下进行，试验电压峰值不超过额定励磁电压（显极式

转子自行规定）。

Every test should be done under the same condition and same voltage, the test voltage crest value should not exceed rating excitation voltage (explicit rotor stipulated automatically).

c)交接时超速试验前后进行测量。

When handover, measurement should be carried out before or after the over speed test.

d)对于转子绕组有一点接地，或对水内冷转子绕组测量时，必须用隔离变压器加压，并

在转子轴上加装接地线。

It should ground one point to the rotor winding, or when measuring the internal water cooling rotor windings, it should raise the voltage by insulating transformer and install earth wire on the rotor axis.

5.6.3试验步骤

Testing program

a) 励侧回路断开，电压表要用最短的粗导线直接接于滑环1、2上。

disconnect the excitation side circuit, voltmeter should be connected with the slip ring 1,2 by the shortest thick conductor.

b) 用调压器TR 分级升压，测量并记录电压U 、电流I 和功率P 。

Use regulator TR to raise voltage by grade, measure and record voltage U, current I and power P.

5.6.4安全措施

Safety measures

膛内测量时定子绕组上有感应电压，应将定子绕组与外电路断开。

When measuring inside the bore, the stator winding has induced voltage, so it should cut off the connection between the stator winding and outer electric circuit.

旋转测量时注意谨防衣物或其他物品被旋转物挂住。

When rotating measurement, beware of the clothing and other objects not being stuck by the rotating objects.

5.6.5试验结果判断依据

Judgment gist for test result

交流阻抗Z 计算公式为：Z=I U 。

The calculating formula of the AC impedance is: Z=

I U

.

在相同的试验条件下，将测量的Z 与P 和原始（或历次）数值比较，相差10％应引起注意。相同的试验条件指转子同在膛内或膛外、相同的发电机转速和相同的试验电压。

Under the same test conditions, compare the measured Z and P value with the original (history) date, pay attention to it if the different is 10%. The same test condition means that the rotor is inside or outside the bore at the same time, the same generator rotating speed and same test voltage.

5.6.6注意事项

Precaution

影响交流阻抗和功率损耗的因素除了转子在膛内或膛外、发电机转速、试验电压有关外，还与槽楔、护环、转子本体剩磁等有关，分析时应综合考虑。

The factors which affect alternating current impedance and power loss, except for the rotor inside or outside the bore, generator rotating speed and test voltage, it also has relations with slot wedge, retaining ring and rotor body residual magnetism. It should consider comprehensively while analysis.

5.7轴电压

Shaft voltage

5.7.1设备清单和要求

Equipment list and requirement

万用表，交流电压档精度1.5级。

The accuracy of the multimeter and DC voltage is 1.5 grade.

5.7.2测试方法

Measuring method

被试发电机在额定电压、额定转速下空载和带不同负荷运行时，测量发电机大轴间的交流电压；对于端盖式轴承可仅测汽侧轴对地电压。对静态励磁的发电机，建议同时用示波器或录波仪测量轴电压波形。

When the tested generator operates with on-load or different load under the rating voltage and rating rotating speed, measure the direct current voltage between the generator large axis; to the head cover style bearing, it could only measure the earth voltage of the axis on the turbine side. To the generator of static excitation, it is suggested to use oscilloscope and oscillograph to measure the axis voltage wave shape at the same time.

5.7.3试验步骤

Testing program

a)检查轴承座的绝缘电阻。

Check the insulated resistance of the bearing block.

b)将轴上原有的接地保护电刷抬起。

Take up the original ground brush of the shaft.

c)对座式轴承按图5将两侧轴与轴承用铜刷短路，测量轴电压U

1和轴承座对地电压U

2

。

对于端盖式轴承按图6将汽侧轴用铜刷接地，测量轴电压。

To the counter housing bearing, short out the shaft and bearing of both sides by copper brush according to the chart 5, measure the shaft voltage U1 and earth voltage U2 of the bearing block. To the head cover style bearing, ground the shaft on the side of turbine by copper brush, measure the shaft voltage.

5.7.4安全措施

Safety measures

注意不使衣物或其他物品被旋转物挂住。

Beware of the cloth and other objects not being stuck by the rotating objects.

5.7.5试验结果判断依据

The judgment gist of the test result

a)轴对地电压一般小于10V。

Earth voltage of the shaft should be not less than 10V

b)对座式轴承U

1与U

2

应基本相等。

Counter housing bearing U1 and U2 should be equal basically.

5.7.6注意事项

Precaution

测点表面与电压表引线应接触良好。

The measuring point surface should have a good contact with the lead wire of voltmeter.

6、危害辩识及技术安全措施

Dangerous identification and technical safety measure

6．1原始记录的填写要字迹清晰、完整、准确，不得随意涂改，不得留有空白，并在原始记录上注明使用的仪器设备名称及编号。

The filling of the original record should be clear, complete and accurate without any modification casually, no blank is left, and mark out the name and number of the equipments on the original record.

6．2当记录表格出现某些“表格”确无数据记录时，可用“/”表示此格无数据。

When there appears no date in certain tables of the record table. It could use “/” to stand for no date. 6．3试验报告应由试验人员、审核人员签字。

The test report should be signed by the test personnel and auditing personnel.

6．4正式报告的试验人与审核人不得是同一人。

The test personnel and auditing personnel of the formal report should be different.

6．5为保证人身和设备安全，要求必须在试验设备周围设围栏并有专人监护，负责升压的人要随时注意周围的情况，一旦发现异常应立刻断开电源停止试验，查明原因并排除后方可继续试验。

In order to guarantee the personnel and equipment safety, it should set rail around the test equipment and assign a special person to guard it. The person who is in charge of increasing the pressure should be careful about the surrounding conditions all the times, switch off the power source to stop the test if finding something abnormal, find out the reason and remove it, then

continue the test.