物流英语词汇总结
Part ⅠGeneral Review of Logistics 第一部分物流概述
?Introduction to logistics 物流简介
?Customer service and logistics 客户服务与物流
?Logistics processes 物流过程
Chapter 1 Introduction to logistics第一章物流简介
?Introduction 前言
?Definitions 定义
?Elements of logistics 物流因素
?Importance of logistics 物流的重要性
?Summary 小结
Introduction 前言
?In a military sense, the term “logistics”encompasses transport organization, army replenishments and material maintenance.
?在军队意识中，“物流”这个专有名词就围绕着运输组织、军事补充和物资养护。
Definitions 定义
?Logistics (business definition )行业定义
?Logistics (military definition)军事定义
?美国物流管理协会定义
?加拿大物流管理协会定义
Elements of logistics 物流因素
?Storage, warehousing and materials handling 储存，仓储和物料搬运
?Transportation 运输
?Inventory 库存
?Information and control 信息和控制
?Packaging and unitization 包装和单位化
Importance of logistics 物流的重要性
?Logistics is an important activity making extensive use of the human and material resources that affect a national economy.
?物流是一项影响国民经济，充分利用人力和物料资源的重要活动。
Summary 小结
?In this initial part a number of subjects have been introduced. These will be expanded in
subsequent chapters of the book.
?The important elements of logistics have been described, and the importance of logistics
was introduced.
New words and special terms 生词和短语
?logistics n.物流；后勤；后勤学
?replenishment n.补给；补充
?provision n.供应；(一批) 供；预备；防备；规定
?outgoing n.外出；开支；流出
?framework n.构架；框架；结构
?inbound adj.内地的；归航的
?outbound adj.开往外地的；开往外国的
?inventory n.详细目录；存货；财产清册；总量
?systematic adj. 主系统的；体系的
?tangible adj.切实的
?intangible adj.难以明了的；无形的
?warehousing n.仓库费；入仓库；仓库贮存
?commodity n.日用品
Questions 思考题
?1．What is the logistics?
?2．What does the term “logistics”originate from?
?3．How do you comprehend “logistics”encompasses much more than just the transport of goods?
?4．What are included in the element of logistics?
?5．In your opinion, what is the importance of logistics?
Chapter 2 Customer service and logistics客户服务与物流
?Introduction 引言
?The components of customer service客户服务的组成
?Customer service policy客户服务政策
?Levels of customer service客户服务水平
?Measuring customer service衡量客户服务
?Summary 小结
Introduction 引言
?The ultimate purpose of any logistics system is to satisfy customers.
?任何物流系统的最终目的都是为了满足顾客的需要。
The components of customer service 客户服务组成
?1. Pre-transaction elements交易前的客户服务要素
?2. Transaction elements交易中的客户服务要素
?3. Post-transaction elements交易后的客户服务要素
Pre-transaction elements交易前元素
?Written customer service policy书面的客户服务政策
?Accessibility可接近性
?Organization structure组织结构
?System flexibility系统灵活性
Transaction elements交易中元素
?Order cycle time订单周期时间
?Inventory availability存货可得性
?Order fill rate订单完成率
?Order status information订货信息状态
Post-transaction elements 交易后元素
?Availability of spares备用存货可用性
?Call-out time出动服务时间
?Product tracing/warranty产品追踪和质量保证
?Customer complains, claims etc.客户抱怨，索赔等
Customer service policy客户服务策略
?An understanding of the different market segments that exist;理解存在的不同细分市场；
?An awareness of the customers needs or perceived needs within this segmentation;
?在不同的细分市场里发掘客户需求；
?The determination of clearly defined and quantifiable standards of customer service in relation to the different market segments;
?对于不同的细分市场，确定清晰明确的可量化的客户服务标准；
?A understanding of the trade-off between the costs and levels of customer service;
?理解客户服务成本与水平之间的交换关系；
?Measurement of the service provided; and衡量所提供的服务；
?Liaison with customers to ensure an understanding and appreciation of the service provided.联系客户以确保理解和正确评价所提供的服务。
Levels of customer service客户服务水平
Measuring customer service衡量客户服务
?The number of orders completely satisfied, say 18 out off 20, over a period (90%);
?某一时期内完成订单的数量（90%）；
?The number of lines delivered from a single order, say 75 out of the 80 lines requested (94%);单一订单要求的生产线数量（94%）；
?The number of line items or cases delivered from a single order; say 75 out of the 80 lines
requested, but only 1,400 of the 1,800 total line items (78%); 单一订单中获得生产线上品种数量；80条线上需要75条，而1800条总线上仅需1400条（78%）；
?the value of the order completed, say more than ￡900 order (83%).
?订单的完成价值，超过900英镑（83%）。
?Order receipt to order entry;订单接收到订单进入；
?Order entry to allocation for picking;订单进入捡货阶段；
?Allocation to dispatch;理货；
?Dispatch to delivery.发货。
?Delivered complete to the quantities ordered;完全运输合格订单；
?Delivered exactly to the customers requested date and time;
?在要求的日期和时间准确运输到客户手中；
?No delivery problems (damager, shortage, refusal);没有运输问题（破损、短缺、拒收）；
?Accurate and complete delivery documentation. 准确而又完全的运输文件。
Summary 小结
?This part has considered some of the key aspects of customer service and logistics. The major components of customer service were described. They were summarized as: Pre-transaction elements; Transaction elements; Post-transactions. The need for an appreciate customer service police was emphasized. An approach for developing such a policy was outlined. The importance of accurate customer service measurement was explained. Different measures of order fulfillment were described.
New words and special terms 生词和短语
?scheduling n. 时间进度安排
?payroll n. 薪水册
?measurement n. 度量
?segment n. 细分
?reliability n. 可靠性
?availability n. 可得性
?frequency n. 频率
?interaction n. 交互作用, 交感
?transaction n. 交易
?flexibility n. 灵活性
?trace v. 追踪
?warranty n. 质量保证书
?dispense v. 分发, 分配
?liaison n. 联络
?feasible adj. 可行的
?revenue n. 收益
?assess v. 估价
?timeliness n. 及时性
?discrete adj. 不连续的, 离散的
?dispatch v. 调度, 发送
?refusal n. 拒绝
Questions 思考题
?What are the components of customer service?
?Please describe pre-transaction by examples?
?What are included in the customer service policy?
?Describe Figure 2.1 in your own words?
?How to measure customer service?
?Describe Figure 2.2 in your own words?
Chapter 3 Logistics processes第3章物流过程
Introduction 引言
The importance of logistics processes 物流过程的重要性
Key logistics processes 关键的物流过程
Approach 方法
Tools and techniques 工具和技术
Summary 小结
Introduction 引言
?One of the key elements of planning for logistics is concerned with the design of appropriate logistics processes. These processes are the methods used to ensure that the business
operates effectively so that all the major objectives are achieved.
?物流策划的一个重要组成部分是合理的设计物流程序。所有的程序都是为了确保企业高效运作并且实现其主要目标。
The importance of logistics processes 物流过程的重要性
◆The aim of any supply chain is to ensure that cross-company and cross-supply-chain activities are directed at achieving customer satisfaction for the end user. Thus, processes need to be developed to make this happen. They need to be able to span across internal functions and across company boundaries to provide the type and develop customer service required.
◆供应链中的所有活动都以顾客满意为目标，因此程序的设计要符合这种思想，并且能够跨越不同的职能和公司界限良好运作，最终提高顾客服务水平。
Key logistics processes关键物流过程
?Order fulfillment 完成订单
?New product introduction 新产品的引进
?New product development新产品的开发
?Product returns 产品回收
?The provision of spares 备用品的供给
?Information management 信息管理
The process triangle 过程三角形
图3.2 Approach方法
Tools and techniques工具和技术
?Pareto analysis. 帕累托分析
?Market or customer segmentation. 市场或顾客分割
?Customer service studies. 顾客服务调查
?Relationship mapping. 关系制图
?Process charts. 程序图
?Value/time analysis. 价值／时间分析
图3.3 一个典型的帕累托曲线
图3.4 关系绘图：用于确定关键部门及其相互关系
图3.5 价值/时间分析
Summary
?In this part the importance of logistics process has been reviewed. The need to move away from function and towards cross-functional process development has been highlighted. The main reasons for adopting more streamlined processes were discussed. Some of the key
logistics processes were described.
?A broad approach to process design was outlined and the main steps in this approach were described. Finally, some of the key tools and techniques for logistics process redesign were described.
New words and special terms 生词和短语
?fleet n. 车(船)队
?internal adj. 内部的
?beneficiary n. 收益人
?original adj. 原始的
?notification n. 通知
?picking n. 拣货
?invoicing n. 开发票；发货单
?credit n. 信用
?channel n. 信道, 渠道
?benchmark n. 基准
?contingency n. 偶发事件
?brainstorming n. 头脑风暴
?backing n. 赞助者
?senior adj. 高级的
?representative n. 代表
?solution n. 解决方案
?alternative n. 替换物
?peripheral adj. 外围的
?align v. 调整
Questions 思考题
?What is the importance of logistics processes?
?What are the key logistics processes, please take examples?
?Please describe the process triangle in your own words?
?What is a broad approach to process design?
?What are the tools and techniques that can be used to help with logistics process design? Part ⅡWarehousing and inventory strategies
第二部分仓储和库存策略
?Principles of warehousing仓储准则
?Basic methods of inventory control 库存控制基本方法
?Inventory planning and management 库存计划与管理
Chapter 4 Principles of warehousing第4章仓储准则
Introduction 引言
Strategic issues affecting warehousing影响仓储的战略问题
The role of warehouses 仓库的角色
Types of warehouse or distribution centre 仓库或物流中心的类型
Warehouse operations 仓储运作
Objective and principles of good warehouse design and management
优秀仓库设计和管理的目标与准则
Summary 小结
Introduction 引言
?Within supply chains warehousing is an important activity in the distribution of materials from raw materials and work in progress to finished goods.
?材料从加工到完成的过程中，仓储是供应链的一项重要的、不可或缺的活动。
Strategic issues affecting warehousing 影响仓储的策略问题
?Market and product base stability. 市场和产品基础稳定性。
?Type of goods to be handled. 搬运的货物类型。
?Type of facility, size and location. 设施的类型、大小和位置。
?Inventory and inventory location. 库存和选址。
?Level of technology. 技术水平。
?Choice of unit load. 单元货物的选择。
The role of warehouses仓储角色
?Facilitating the flow of goods to the customer.利于货物到达顾客手中
?Meeting the requirements of customer service standards.满足顾客服务标准的需求
?Incorporating value-added activities 使增值活动具体化
Types of warehouse or distribution centre 仓库或配送中心的种类
?全国分拨中心（NDCs）
?地区分拨中心（RDCs）
Warehouse operations仓储作业
?Goods inwards. 进货
?Reserve storage. 保留仓储
?Replenishment. 补货
?Order picking. 拣选
?Secondary sortation. 二次分货
?Sortation. 分货
?Collate. 校对
?Dispatch. 发货
?Choice of unit load单元货物的选择
?Use of building space建筑空间的利用
?Utilization of resources资源的利用
?Minimum movement移动最小化
?Control and information systems控制和信息系统
?Product integrity产品完整性
?Working conditions and safety工作条件和安全性
?Environmental issues环境问题
Summary 小结
The warehousing section of this book is concerned primarily with the handling and storage of unit loads. It is however considered that the basic principles that underpin the subject area
are also valid in the context of other handling and storage operations such as the storing and handling of bulk solids.
Questions 思考题
?What factors are included in the overall logistics strategies affecting warehousing?
?What is the role of warehouses?
?What are the basic forms for a stockless depot?
?Please describe Figure 4.1 in your own words?
?What is the good warehouse design and management?
Chapter 5 Basic methods of inventory control第五章库存控制基本方法
Introduction引言
?One of the most important aspects of logistics concerns questions related to inventory. The amount of inventory that should be held and its location within a company’logistics structure is vital in order to meet customer service requirements and expectations.物流最主要的方面之一是研究库存相关问题。为了满足客户的需求和期望，我们必须持有一定量的库存并且这些库存在公司物流结构中的地位也是很重要的。
The need to hold stocks持有库存的必要性
?To keep down production costs. 为了降低产品成本。
?To account variations in demand. 为了满足需求的多样性。
?To take account of variable supply (lead) times. 为了应付供应商供应时间的变化。
?Buying costs. 购买成本。等等
Types of stock-holding库存持有类型
?Raw material原料
?In-process stock-sometimes known as work in progress按程序工作，成品库存
?Finished products-stocks 生产最终的产成品
?Pipeline在途库存
?large manufacturing plant 最大量的产品
?等等
The implications for other logistics functions对其他物流功能的影响
Inventory costs库存成本
?There are four principal elements of inventory cost.
?Capital cost资金成本
?Service cost服务成本
?Storage cost储存成本
?Risk cost风险成本
?Another important cost其他重要成本
图5.1 定期补货系统
图5.2 定点补货系统
经济订货数量公式
?P=订单成本
?D=单位年需求
?U=单位库存成本
?F=年库存持有成本
?UF=每年每单位持有成本
图5.3 订货数量
图5.4 经济订货数量原则
Demand forecasting需求预测
Summary 小结
?The implication of inventory holding policy on other logistics functions were highlighted, with particular emphasis on the need to provide a suitable balance between cost and service, and the need to avoid the sub-optimization of logistics resources.
?The two main inventory replenishment systems were explained-periodic review and fixed point reorder. The Forrester effect was described, demonstrating the impact on requirements further up the supply chain as end-user demand changes. The question of reorder quantity was then discussed and the EOQ method was outlined. The need to take other factors into account when determining order quantity was emphasized.
?Two methods of demand forecasting were outlined, the moving average and exponential smoothing.
New words and special terms 生词和短语
?stock-outs n. 缺货
?safety stock 安全库存
?back-up n. 备用
?stock-holding 库存维持
?stockpile n. 堆存
?sub-optimization n. 次佳效应
?unit cost 单元成本
?obsolete stock 陈旧库存
?dead stock 死库存
?offset vt. 抵消
?trunking n. 线槽，管槽
?FMCG fast moving consumer goods
?demand characteristics 需求特性
?capital cost 资本成本
?high-tech 高科技
?reorder vt.再定购n. 再定购
?fixed interval 固定期
?fixed point 固定点
?drawback n. 退款
?end-user 最终用户
Questions 思考题
?What are the main reasons for holding stock?
?What are the main stock types?
?Explain the “ABC”analysis in your own words?
?Describe Figure 5.1 and 5.2 in your own words?
?What is the economic order quantity?
Chapter 6 Inventory planning and management 第6章库存计划与管理
Introduction 引言
?In the previous part, the basic inventory planning and management techniques were described. This part provides a description of some of the very recent developments in inventory planning, particularly with respect to the way that Inventory is viewed across the supply chain as a whole. In addition, the important relationship of inventory and time is
discussed.
?前面几章介绍了基本库存计划和管理的基本技术。本章主要介绍库存计划最近一段时间的一些发展，特别是关于库存供应链设备一个整体的方法。另外还讨论了库存与时间之间的重要关系。Problems with traditional approaches to inventory planning
库存规划的传统方法存在的问题
?Demand is not as predictable as it may once have been.需求与预测不一致。
?Lead times are not constant.提前期不是常数。
?Costs can be variable.成本可能是变化的。
?Individual products are closely linked to others .个别产品与其它产品密切相联
Different inventory requirements不同的库存需求
?The push approach拉动式
?The pull approach推动式
The lead-time gap前置期差距
Figure 6.1 The lead-time gap
Inventory and time 库存和时间
Figure 6.2 High inventory levels can hide other supply chain problems
Analyzing time and inventory分析时间和库存
?Value-adding time 价值增值时间
?Non-value-adding time 非价值增值时间
?The total time or pipeline time 总时间或传递时间
Figure 6.3 An example of a supply chain map showing inventory mapped against time Inventory planning for manufacturing 制造业的库存规划
?The need to take a complete supply chain perspective when planning;
?做一个供应链的整体计划；
?The need to undertake appropriate analysis; 合适的分析；
?The identification of unnecessary inventory and unnecessary steps in key processes;关键过程中非必要的库存与非必要的步骤；
?Work towards customer service requirements as well as cost minimization when planning for production;面向顾客需求生产，使成本最小化；
?Design products to be compatible with supply chain requirements;
?开发适合供应链需求的产品；
?Design production processes to be compatible with supply chain requirements.
?设计适合供应链需求的生产过程。
Inventory planning for retailing零售业的库存规划
?供应商管理库存（VMI）
?持续补货（CRP）
?有效客户反映（ECR）
Summary小结
?The relationship between inventory and time was also reviewed. Two important elements were described: the lead-time gap and the opportunity for lead-time reduction. In addition, the technique of supply chain mapping was outlined, and it was shown how this could help in the analysis of inventory in the supply chain, and show how value-adding and non-value-adding time could be identified.
New words and special terms 生词和短语
?connecting cable 连接电缆
?vertical adj. 垂直的
?chip n. 芯片
?push system 推动式系统
?pull system 拉动式系统
?hybrid systems 混合系统
?customer’s order cycle time 顾客订货周期
?lead-time gap 前置期间隙
?order-to-delivery 订货交付
?supply chain mapping 供应链计划图
?bottleneck n. 瓶颈
?time-phased 时间段
?WIP work in process 按程序工作
?compatible adj. 兼容的
?brand n. 品牌
?outsource 企业外包
?profitability n. 利润率
?NDCs national distribution centers 全国配送中心
?RDCs regional distribution centers 地区配送中心
?merchandising 商品之广告推销
?VMI vendor management inventory 卖方主导型库存管理
?CRP continuous replenishment 连续补货
?EPOS electronic point-of-sale 电子销售点
?cross-docking 交叉收货
?QR quick response 快速反应
?ECR efficient consumer response 有效客户反应
?tenet n. 教条，主义
?EDI electronic data interchange 电子数据交换
?CMI co-management inventory 共同管理库存
Questions思考题
?What are included in the inventory requirements?
?What is the lead-time gap according to Figure 6.1?
?How can inventories be lowered?
?Describe Figure 6.3 in your own words?
?What are the main inventory planning techniques for retailing?
Part ⅢTransportation and international distribution第三部分运输和国际分销Transportation fundamentals运输基本规则
The modes of transportation运输方式
Logistics channels in international distribution国际分销中的物流渠道
Chapter 7 Transportation fundamentals第7章运输基本规则
?Introduction 引言
?Importance of an effective transportation system 有效运输系统的重要性
?Service choices and their characteristics服务选择及其特征
Introduction 引言
?Transportation usually represents the most important single element in logistics costs for most firms.
?The focus is on the facilities and services that make up the transportation system and on the rates (costs) and performance of the various transport services that a manager might select. Importance of an effective transportation system
有效运输系统的重要性
Greater competition 更激烈的竞争
Economies of scale 规模经济
Reduce prices 降低价格
Greater competition 更激烈的竞争
With a poorly developed transportation system the extent of the market is limited to the areas immediately surrounding the point of production.
With improvements in the transportation system, the landed costs for products in distant markets can be competitive with other products selling in the same markets. Economies of scale
规模经济
?Wider markets can result in lower production costs. With the greater volume provided by these markets, more utilization can be made of production facilities, and specialization of labor usually follows.
Reduce prices 降低价格
?Inexpensive transportation also contributes to reduced product prices. This occurs not only because of the increased competition in the marketplace but also because transportation is a component cost along with production, selling, and other distribution costs that make up the aggregate product cost.
Service choices and their characteristics
服务选择及其特征
?Price 价格
?Transit time and variability运输时间及运输变化性
?Loss and damage 丢失和损坏
Price 价格
?Price (cost) of transport service to a shipper is simply the line-haul rate for transporting goods plus any accessorial or terminal charges for additional service provide.
?In the case of for-hire service, the rate charged for the movement of goods between two points plus any additional charges.
Transit time and variability运输时间及运输变化性
?Repeated surveys have shown that average delivery time and delivery time variability rank at the top as important transportation performance characteristics.
?Variability refers to be the usual differences that occur between shipments by various modes.
?Transit time variability is a measure of the uncertainty in carrier performance.
Loss and damage 丢失和损坏
?Because carriers differ in their ability to move freight without loss and damage, loss and damage experience becomes a factor in selecting a carrier.
?Common carriers have an obligation to move freight with reasonable dispatch and to do so using reasonable care in order to avoid loss and damage.
?Potentially the most serious loss that the shipper may sustain has to do with customer service.
Summary 小结
?This chapter is about transport fundamentals.
?Firstly, effective transportation system contributes to greater competition in the marketplace, greater economics of scale in production, and reduced prices for goods.
?Secondly, services choices should consider: price, average transmit time, transit time variability, and loss and damage.
New words and special terms 生词和短语
?optimal adj. 最佳的；最适宜的
?take place 发生
?engaged in 参与；加入
?proportion n.比例；比率
?proximity n.接近
?withstand vi.耐得住；经得起
?line-haul rate 长途运输费
?decouple vt. 使分离；拆开
?maintenance n.保持；维持
?depreciation n.跌价；折旧
Questions 思考题
?Is effective transportation system important? Why?
?What are service choices?
?Describe the characteristics of service choices.
Chapter 8 The modes of transportation 第8章运输方式
?Introduction 引言
?The single-service choices单独运输服务放式的选择
?Intermodal services 联合运输
?Agencies and small shipment services代理处和小型货物运输服务
?Company-controlled transportation由公司控制的服务
?Transport cost characteristics运输成本特性
Introduction 引言
?The use of transportation has a wide range of services at his or her disposal, all revolving around the five basic modes (water, rail, truck, air, and pipeline).
?The variety of transport services is almost limitless
?From among these service choices, the user selects a service or combination of services that provides the vest balance between the quality of service offered and the cost of that service.
The single-service choices单独服务方式的选择
?Rail 铁路运输
?Truck 卡车运输
?Air 空运
?Water 水路运输
?Pipeline 管道运输
Rail
?The railroad is basically a long hauler and slow mover of raw materials and of low-valued manufactured products and prefers to move shipment sizes of at least a full carload.
?Rail service exists in two legal forms, common carrier or privately owned.
?Railroads offer a diversity of special services to the shipper refrigerated products and new automobiles, which require special equipment.
Truck
?In contrast with rail, trucking is a transportation service of semi-finished and finished products. Also, trucking moves freight with smaller average shipment than rail.
?The inherent advantages of trucking are its door-to-door service such that no loading or
unloading is required between origin and destination, as is often true of rail and air modes; its frequency and availability of service; and its door-to-door speed and convenience.
Air
?Air-service dependability and availability can be rated as good under normal operating conditions.
?The appeal of air transportation is its unmatched origin-destination speed, especially over long distances.
Water
?Domestic water service is confined to the inland waterway system, which requires shippers to be located on the waterway or to use another transportation mode in combination with water. Also, water service on the average is slower than rail. Availability and dependability of water service are the greatly influenced by the weather.
?Water services are provided in all legal forms,
?Loss and damage costs resulting from transporting by water are considered low relative to other modes
Pipeline
?To date, pipeline transportation offers a very limited range of services and capabilities.
?Product movement by pipeline is very slow, only about 3 to 4 miles per hour.
?Weather is not a significant factor, and pumping equipment is highly reliable.
Intermodal services 联合运输
?In recent years, there has been increased use of shipping by more than one transportation
mode.
?Not all of these combinations are practical.
?Only rail and truck, called piggyback, has seen widespread use. Truck-water combinations, referred to as fishyback, are gaining acceptance。
Trailer on flatcar
?Trail on flatcar (TOFC), or piggyback, refers to transporting truck trailers on road flatcars, usually over longer distances than trucks normally haul.
Containerized freight
?The standardized container is a piece of equipment that is transferable to all surface transportation modes with exception of pipeline
?In a truck-rail intermodal service, it is possible to haul only the container, thus saving the dead weight of the understructure and wheels. Such a service is called COFC, or container
on flatcar.
Agencies and small shipment services 代理和小型货物运输服务
Agents
?Several agencies exist that offer transportation services to shippers but own little or no
line-haul equipment.
Small-shipment services
?Parcel post is a small-shipment delivery service offered by the U.S. Postal Service.
?In addition to agencies that specialize in small-shipment service, line-haul carriers also move small shipment.
Company-controlled transportation 由公司控制的运输
?An alternative that is available is to provide transportation service through company ownership of equipment or contracting for transportation service. Ideally, the user hopes to gain better operating performance, greater availability and capacity of transportation service, and a lower cost
Transport cost characteristics运输成本特性
?Variable and fixed costs 可变成本和固定成本
?Cost characteristics by mode不同运输方式的成本特性
Variable and fixed costs可变成本和固定成本
?A transportation service incurs a number of costs, such as labor, fuel, maintenance, terminal,
roadway, administrative, and others.
?it is useful to consider costs that are constant over the “normal”operating volume of the carrier as fixed. All other costs are treated as variable.
Cost characteristics by mode不同运输方式的成本特性
Rail
?The railroad has the characteristics of high fixed cost and relatively low variable cost. Highway
?The fixed costs are the lowest of any carrier and variable costs tend to be high
Water
?High terminal costs and low line-haul costs.
Air
?It is similar to water and highway carriers.
?Combined fixed and variable expense generally make air transportation a premium service Pipeline
?Pipeline parallels the railroad in its cost characteristics.
Summary 小结
?. Single-service choices include rail, truck, air, water, and pipeline and the advantages and disadvantage of these choices.
?Intermodal services have ten possibilities, but all are not feasible. Company-controlled transportation and international transportation are different in many fields.
?Last, transportation has many kinds, different transportation mode has different cost characteristics.
New words and special terms生词与短语
?hauler n. 承运人
?carload n. 整车；整车量
?re-consignment n. 再交付
?LTL less-than truckload 零担货运
?commuter n. 通勤
?barge n. 驳船
?navigation n. 导航
?intermodal n. 联合运输
?piggyback n. 背载式运输
?fishyback n. 背负式运输
?flatcar n. 平台货车
?TOFC trailer on flatcar 铁路平板车
?chassis n. 底盘
?forwarder n. 代运人
?broker n. 经纪人
?stevedoring cost 装卸成本
Questions 思考题
?Explain the single-service choices in detail.
?What is the TOFC?
?Please compare the cost of rail with water.
Chapter 9
Logistics channels in international distribution第9章国际分销中的物流渠道
Introduction引言
?The success of the transportation industry in developing a fast, reliable, and efficient transportation system has substantially contributed to the dramatically expanding level of international trade occurring in the last 30 years.
Movement to port or airport到港口或机场的运输
?For air shipments, or for products moving by rail or truck to an adjacent country, the
movement from the manufacturer’s plant is similar to that for domestic sales.
?Ports that handled foreign trade were traditionally grouped for rate-making purposes.
?Traffic destined to move through ports is first loaded aboard intermodal containers at an inland point and then sent forward without interruption.
International air freight国际货物空运
?Air freight has had a very profound effect on international distribution because the airplane has reduced worldwide time distances.
?The three types of international air freight operations are chartered aircraft, scheduled air carriers, and integrated air carriers, specializing in carrying parcels. A newer development in international air freight is international parcel services .
Ocean shipping海运
?Types of ocean cargoes海运货物的类型
?Shipping conferences and alliances海运会议与联盟
?Containers集装箱
Surface transport in other countries其他国家的陆地运输
?Ship owners in the dry-cargo trades are extending their involvement along the supply chain to include land transportation and warehousing.
?Trucks appear to be in universal use.
?Smaller ocean going ships are employed.
?carrying individual bags on their shoulders and walking up and down gangplanks
?RO-RO shipping involves the use of trailers, rather than containers
Summary 小结
?The movement of goods requires cooperation and coordination among seller, buyer, and many intermediate parties.
New words and special terms
生词与短语
?remainder n. 剩余物
?breed v. 饲养；养育
?quota n. 定额；限额；配额
?cartel [经济]卡特尔；企业联合
?courier n. 快递
?charter vt. 租；包（船、车等）
?tramp n. 不定期货船
?defray vt. 支付；付给
高考英语词汇173单选题详解
英语词汇173题详解(1-39) 1. In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully _____. A.admitted B.acknowledged C.absorbe d D.considered [答案] D. considered [注释] considered 考虑; admit 承认; absorb 吸收。 [注意]acknowledge 1) (=agree or admit the truth of; confess) 承认, 供认; A. He acknowledged his mistake. (他承认了他的错误。) B. 接动名词He acknowledged having been beaten. (他承认被打败了。) 2) (express thanks for) 致谢; A. Mary acknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter. (玛丽致函感谢馈赠的礼物。) B. His long service with the company was acknowledged with a present. (向他赠送礼品以感谢他长期来对公司的服务。) 2. The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents' _____.
A. command B. conviction C. consent D. compromise [答案] C. consent [注释] consent 同意, 赞成, 答应。conviction 深信, 确信。compromise 妥协, 折中。command 命令, 指令; 掌握, 运用能力。3. Our research has focused on a drug which is so _____ as to be able to change brain chemistry. . powerful B. influential C. monstrous D. vigorous [答案] A. powerful [注释] powerful (=having or producing great power) 强有力的。在这里四个形容词中, 只有powerful (有效力的) 可与表示药物的名词搭配。influential 有影响的, 有势力的, monstrous 异常大的, vigorous 精力旺盛的, 强健有力的。 4. The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway. A. vanished B. abandoned C. scattered D. rejected
货代英语词汇短语
货代英语词汇短语 Unit 1 Scope of Freight Forwarding Services 1.a freight forwarder货运代理人 2.a commission agent 收取佣金的代理商 3.on behalf of sb. 代表某人利益 4.loading and unloading of goods 货物的装卸 5.perform routine tasks 行使日常职责 6.storage of goods 货物的仓储 7.modes of transport 运输方式 8.enlarge the scope of services 扩大服务范围 9.to render services 提供服务 10.range from ……to 范围从…到… 11.a comprehensive package of services 全面的一揽子服务 12.the booking of shipping space订舱位 13.customs clearance清关 14.transportation and distribution process运输及分配/物流过程 15.consignor/consignee发货人/收货人 16.attend to the procedural and documentary formalities。办理程式化及单证类手续 17.undertake to process the movement of goods 承担货物运输 18.the various stages involved 所涉及的各阶段 19.contractor/subcontractor承包商及分包商 20.to utilize the services of overseas agents 利用海外代理的服务 21.a suitable carrier合适的承运人 22.issue relevant documents开具相关票据 23.Forwarders’Certificate of Receipt/Transport 货运代理收货证/运输证 24.(be）applicable to sth. 运用/应用于…… 25.draw/call/invite one’s attention to 提请某人注意 26.arrange for transshipment on route 安排途中转运 27.attend to foreign exchange transaction 安排外汇交易 28.assist sb. in pursuing claim against sb. for sth. 协助某人就某事向某人进行索赔。 29.take/make delivery of the goods 提/交货 30.control the freight/cargo拥有货物 31.transit warehousing 过境仓储 Unit 3 Terms of Shipment In the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1.the contracts for the international sale of goods国际货物销售合同 https://www.360docs.net/doc/6711328366.html,pulsory terms of shipment （合同）所规定的（必须履行的）装运条款 3.partial shipment and transshipment 分批装运及转船 4.refer to the time limit 指限期 5.load/ship sth on board the vessel将…装上船 6.make/effect shipment装船，进行装运 7.the latest shipment date 最晚的装运期
现代物流的管理系统的专业人才培养方案设计.docx
实用标准文案 广东省农工商职业技术学校广东省农垦湛江技工学校《现代物流管理》专业人才培养方案 一、专业与专门化方向 现代物流管理专业 二、入学要求与基本学制 1．招生对象：初中毕业生或具有同等学历者 2．学制：全日制 3 年（在校学习两年，顶岗实习一年） 三、培养目标 本专业培养与我国社会主义现代化建设要求相适应，德、智、体、美全面发展，具有良好的综合素质，具备物流管理领域的基本理论知识，熟悉物流企业和生产企业物流管理的业务流程，掌握相关基本操作技能，能从事运输、仓储、配送、国际货运代理、物流营销、物流信息处理等技能操作性工作，适应物流服务 和管理第一线工作的高素质劳动者和技能型人才。 四、人才培养规格 1.具有一定的文化基础和较高的职业素养； 2.具有良好的人际交流能力、团队合作精神和客户服务意识； 3.具有扎实的现代物流管理专业基础知识和基本技能； 4.熟悉现代物流作业流程，并能处理现代物流各项基本业务； 5.能熟练地利用信息技术获取现代物流的相关信息； 6.取得本专业相关中级职业资格证书。 (一)专业能力 1.基本能力 （1）掌握现代物流管理基础知识，具备从事物流相关工作的基本能力； （2）具有计算机基础知识及网络技术等方面的基本知识；
（3）掌握入库、出库、保管、盘点作业的基本作业程序； （4）掌握物流业务政策法规和国际惯例； （5）有较强的语言与文字表达、合作协调和应急能力。 2.核心能力 （1）具有利用计算机及网络进行信息的收集、分类、处理、发布的能力； （2）具有填制、识读、制作和修改运输单证和仓储作业各类单据的能力； （3）具有根据配送计划进行分拣作业、配载作业、送货作业的能力； （4）具备商品验收、分拣货物、出货检查、货品包装等作业的规范操作的 能力； 3.能力结构分析表（结构表） 综合 专业能力分项能力结构相关课程能力 A1-1用马列主义哲学原理、毛泽东思想和邓 A小平理论基础分析处理能力德育、 基 A1政治思想品德素质A1-2具有吃苦耐劳、踏实肯干的思想品德和思想道良好的职业道德；德、就业 本 A1-3正确运用法律知识的能力；素指导 A1-4实事求是、团结协作精神； 质 A2-1口头语言表达能力；应用文写要A2文字与语言表达能力A2-2一般计划、总结、报告等应用文撰写能作、礼仪求力与交流A3身体素质与运动技能A3良好的身体素质与运动技能体育 B 计算B信息收集与处理分析B1-1计算机办公软件操作系统应用能力；计算机基 1B 1-2文字处理能力；础、高级机操 能力B1-3运用计算机网络查阅专业相关资料的办公软件作能 能力；操作 力
高级英语词汇汇总
1 v. 改变，改动，变更 2 . 突然发生，爆裂 3 . 除掉；处置；解决；处理() 4 n. 爆炸；气流 . 炸，炸掉 5 v. 消耗，耗尽 6 v. 劈开；割裂；分裂a.裂开的 7 v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃 8 v. 溢出，溅出，倒出 9 v. 滑动，滑落；忽略 10 v. 滑动，滑落n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片 11 n. 细菌 12 n. 种，品种v. 繁殖，产仔 13 n. 预算v. 编预算，作安排 14 n. 候选人 15 n. 校园 16 a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的 17 v. 转变，变革；变换 18 v. 传播，播送；传递 19 v. 移植 20 . 运输，运送n. 运输，运输工具 21 v. 转移；转动；转变 22 v. 变化，改变；使多样化 23 . 消灭，不见 24 v. 吞下，咽下n. 燕子 25 n. 怀疑，疑心 26 a. 怀疑的，可疑的 27 a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的 28 a. 温柔的；脆弱的 29 n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物） 30 a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的 31 . 加速，促进 32 a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的 33 n. 分界线，边界 34 n. 刹车，制动器v. 刹住（车） 35 n. 目录（册）v. 编目 36 a. 模糊的，不明确的 37 n. 徒劳，白费 38 a. 绝灭的，熄灭的 39 a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的 40 a. 极度的，极端的n. 极端，过分 41 n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因 42 n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精
43 . 呼吁，恳求 44 . 重视，赏识，欣赏 45 v. 赞成，同意，批准 46 . 刺激，激励 47 . 取得，获得；学到 48 .完成，到达；实行 49 n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络 50 n. 潮汐；潮流 51 a. 整洁的，整齐的 52 . 追踪，找到n. 痕迹，踪迹 53 . 拷打，折磨 54 . 漫游，闲逛 55 n. 蜡 56 v. 织，编 57 v. 保护，保存，保持，维持 61. v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂 62. a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的 63. n. （高等）专科院校；学会 64. n. 电池（组） 65. n. 障碍；棚栏 66. n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物 67. n. 生涯，职业 68. n. 船舶；容器，器皿；血管 69. a. 垂直的 70. v. 迫使，责成；使感激 71. a. 阴暗，模糊 72. n. 程度，范围，大小，限度 73. n. 外部，外表a. 外部的，外表的 74. a. 外部的，外表的，外面的 75. n. 汽油 76. n. 石油 77. . 推迟，延误，耽搁 78. . 腐烂，腐朽 79. a. 像样的，体面的 80. n. 路；路线；航线 81. v. 毁坏，破坏n. 毁灭，[.]废墟 82. n. 缘故，理由 83. n. 卫星 84. n. 大小，规模；等级；刻度 85. n. 庙宇 86. a. 乏味道，单调的， 87. .易于，趋向 88. n.趋向，趋势 89. a. 极端的，最大的，最终的n. 极端
高考英语核心词汇详解讲解
高考核心单词----动词精讲（高考动力站） 1. abandon vt. = give up = throw 1.离开，遗弃 2.放弃，停止做（某事） 3.放纵，放任 派生abandoned a. -ed结尾：动词/形容词 I abandon myself in wasting time. 我让我自己放纵于浪费时间。 2. abolish vt. 废除，废止（+ certain system某些系统/ certain practice某些行动）PK cancel vt. 取消 abuse 滥用 abnormal 不正常的 ab-开头表示否定 3. absorb vt. “吮” 1.吸收（某事物），吸进 2.将（某物）合并，并吞 3.完全吸引住（某人）的注意力或兴趣 派生be absorbed in sth. 沉浸于sth. I am absorbed in the party, so I forget anything. 4. ac commod ate vt. 来自com mod ity n. 日用品 -ity -ment -hood -ness –on名词 mode模式model模型module模块 -mod-样子 = put up sb. 1.供给某人住宿或房间 2.适应，迁就，迎合 派生accommodation n. 旅馆 5. ac company vt. company n. 公司；朋友=friend I accompany him. = I keep company with him 我伴随着他。 1.伴随或跟随（某人），陪伴 2.与某事物同时存在或发生 派生accompany A by/ with B 用B来伴随A I accompany him with swim.（错） I accompany him with swimming. 我让他天天游泳。 3.给某人伴奏 派生accompany sb. at / on sth. 在sth.给sb.伴奏 I accompany him at the party. 6. accuse vt. 指责某人有错；犯罪或犯法；指控；控告；谴责 派生accuse sb. of sth. 因为sth.谴责sb. 7. accustom vt. 使……习惯于 custom n. 习俗 派生accustom A to B 使A习惯B I accustom myself to wearing glasses .
现代物流英语词汇
现代物流英语词汇 alternate tiers row pattern 交错码放 AGV 无人搬运车 anchoring 膨胀螺丝 AS/RS (Automatic Storage Retrieval System)自动存取机/系统自动存取仓储系统自动仓库系统assembly packaging集合包装 average inventory平均存货 battery电瓶beam橫撑，横梁 belt conveyor皮带式输送机（带） block pattern row pattern整齐码放 bonded warehouse国际物流中心保税仓库 brick pattern砌砖式码放 buffer stock缓冲储备 cantilever shalving悬臂架 cargo freight货物 carrying搬运 chain conveyor链条式输送机（带） charger充电机 cold chain system冷冻链系统 common carrier公共承运人 consolidation装运整合 container terminal集装箱中转站 contract carrier契约承运人
contract logistics契约物流 counterbalance truck平衡式电动(柴油、电动、瓦斯)堆高机cycle inventory周期存货 delivery配送 depalletizer托盘拆垛机 devanning拆箱 diagonal bracing斜撑 dock leveller月台调整板 dock shelter月台门封(充气式,非充气式) double-deep pallet racking双层深式重型物料钢架 drive-in pallet racking直入式重型物料钢架 dry cargo干货dunnage填充 electronic data interchange电子资料交换 EDIexport processing zone加工出口区 fill rate供应比率 floor utilization percentage地面面积利用率 flow(dynamic) racking重型流力架 flow(dynamic) rack shelving轻型(料盒、纸箱)流力架forklift truck叉车four-way reach truck四向式电动堆高机frame支柱组frame feet脚底板 frame joint柱连杆 freight container货物集装箱
小学英语单词归纳总结
小学英语词汇归类表(三年级上册六年级下册) 一、学习用品( ) (钢笔) (铅笔) (铅笔盒) (尺子) (书) (明信片) (漫画书) (包) (报纸) (书包) (橡皮) (蜡笔) (卷笔刀) (故事书) (笔记本) (语文书) (英语书) (数学书) (杂志) (字典，词典) 二、人体（） (脚) (鼻子) (头) (脸) (头发) (嘴) (眼睛) (耳朵) (手臂) (手) (手指) (腿) (尾巴) 三、颜色（） (红) (蓝) (黄) (绿) (白) (黑) (粉
红) (紫) (橙) (棕) 四、动物（） (猫) (狗) (猪) (鸭) (兔) (马) (大象) (鱼) (袋鼠) (蚂蚁) (鸟) (鹰) (海狸) (蛇) (老鼠) (松鼠) (猴) (熊猫) (熊) (狮子) (老虎) (狐狸) (斑马) (鹿) (长颈鹿) (鹅) (母鸡) (火鸡) (小羊) (绵羊) (山羊) (奶牛) (驴) (鱿鱼) (龙虾) (鲨鱼) (海豹) (抹香鲸) (虎鲸) 五、人物（） (朋友) (男孩) (女孩) (母亲) (父亲) (姐妹) (兄弟) (叔叔，舅舅) (男人) (女人) (先生) (小姐) (女士，小姐) (妈妈) (爸爸) (父母) (祖母，外祖母) (祖父，外祖
父) (姑姑) (堂表兄弟，堂表姐妹）(儿子) (婴儿) (小孩) (同学) (女王) (参观者) (邻居) (校长) (大学生) (笔友) (旅行者) (人物) (机器人) 六、职业（） (教师) (学生) (医生) (护士) (司机) (农民) (歌唱家) (作家) (男演员) (女演员) (画家) (电视台记者) (工程师) (会计) (警察) (销售员) (清洁工) (棒球运动员) (售货员) 七、食品、饮料（& ） (米饭) (面包) (牛肉) (牛奶) (水) (蛋) (鱼) (豆腐) (鸡肉) (蜂蜜) (中餐) (蛋糕) (热狗) (汉堡包) (炸薯条) (曲奇) (饼干) (果酱) (面条) (肉) (猪肉) (羊肉) (蔬菜)
(完整版)高考英语核心词汇详解讲义
高考核心单词----动词精讲（高考动力站）1. abandon vt. = give up = throw 1.离开，遗弃 2.放弃，停止做（某事） 3.放纵，放任 派生abandoned a. -ed结尾：动词/形容词 I abandon myself in wasting time. 我让我自己放纵于浪费时间。 2. abolish vt. 废除，废止（+ certain system某些系统/ certain practice某些行动） PK cancel vt. 取消 abuse 滥用 abnormal 不正常的 ab-开头表示否定 3. absorb vt. “吮” 1.吸收（某事物），吸进 2.将（某物）合并，并吞 3.完全吸引住（某人）的注意力或兴趣 派生be absorbed in sth. 沉浸于sth. I am absorbed in the party, so I forget anything. 4. ac commod ate vt. 来自com mod ity n. 日用品 -ity -ment -hood -ness –on名词 mode模式model模型module模块 -mod-样子 = put up sb. 1.供给某人住宿或房间 2.适应，迁就，迎合 派生accommodation n. 旅馆 5. ac company vt. company n. 公司；朋友=friend I accompany him. = I keep company with him 我伴随着他。 1.伴随或跟随（某人），陪伴 2.与某事物同时存在或发生 派生accompany A by/ with B 用B来伴随A I accompany him with swim.（错） I accompany him with swimming. 我让他天天游泳。 3.给某人伴奏 派生accompany sb. at / on sth. 在sth.给sb.伴奏 I accompany him at the party. 6. accuse vt. 指责某人有错；犯罪或犯法；指控；控告；谴责 派生accuse sb. of sth. 因为sth.谴责sb. 7. accustom vt. 使……习惯于custom n. 习俗 派生accustom A to B 使A习惯B I accustom myself to wearing glasses . 我已经习惯戴眼镜了。 = I am accustomed to wearing glasses. 派生accustomed a. 习惯的 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做sth. be devoted to doing sth. 投身于sth. 8. achieve vt. 1.完成，达成 2.凭努力获得或达到 achieve + fame 名声 +goal 目标 +knowledge 知识 +success 成功 PK acquire 实现（被动） Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合症 finish 结束（不是实现） conclude 下结论（只能加句子） 9. acknowledge vt. 1.承认= admit = confess acknowledge A as B 承认A就是B 2.公认为，认为 3.感谢 10. accept vt. = take 1.主动接受 PK receive 被动接收（receipt收据）2.承认，认可 11. adapt vt. 来自apt adj. 有……倾向性的 1.使适应 adapt A to B 使A适应B 2.改编 12. adjust vt. 来自just adj. 正义的 1.调节，使适应 2.调整，校准 3.整理，核算 派生adjust A to B 13. admire vt. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕 I admire you. 我羡慕你。
货代常用的英语单词
1、货物将于XX时间完成？货物将于XXX（时间）完成。 When will the cargo be ready? Cargo will be ready at XXX (Jan.28th). 2、仓位紧张，请尽快确认 Please confirm soonest as possible due to tight space 3、船公司回复——没有仓位 There is no space based on the reply of shipping lines 4、几票货物（几家工厂）合拼一个柜子发运 Shipment would be effected by several factories 5、几个订单合并一起出运 Those orders would be combined into one shipment 6、截港时间Cut off date 7、截单时间documentary off date 8、开仓时间（开始放箱的时间）Empty pick up date (Empty release time) 9、预留仓位Pre-booking space 10、船期调整Adjustment of shipping schedule （因船公司调整船期，所以原计划X月X日船，XXX提单号项下货物，调整至。。。） (Due to adjustment of shipping schedule, shipment under B/L NO.:….that carried by VES…ETD on …. Would be arranged on… 11、客户已于XX时候装箱/ 提箱 Cargo had been stuffed on ….(Container had been picked up on..) 12、客户无法赶上本航次，要求推至下一航次 As requested by customer, cargo can not catch this voyage and will be postponed to next voyage 13、已向船公司订舱，但未确认仓位 Booking had been ordered with shipping lines however not receive the confirmation yet. 14、放箱Empty Release 15、客人出差Customer is on his business way 16、仓位Space 17、增加/减少1个柜子add/reduce one volume 18、客户想要通过拼箱的方式出运剩下的货物 Customer intend to ship remains cargo by LCL 19、最新情况the latest status
一些常见常用的英语词汇(归纳)
一、一个星期七天 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 二、一年十二个月 January February March April May June July August September October November December 三、一年四季 1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter 四、容易拼写错的数字 1. eighth第八 2. ninth第九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二 5. twentieth第二十 四、亲属称呼 1. daughter (女儿) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈) 五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母 1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制 3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现 5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到 7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许 9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语） 六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词 1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑 3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅 5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰 6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung) 7. lie –lied –lied 说谎; lie—lay---lain躺下 lay-laid- laid 放 置 8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求 9. shake (shook, shaken) 发 抖 10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌 11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉 12. spread (spread, spread) 传播 13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎 16.wear( wore; worn) 穿/戴17.hold (held, held ) 18.make (made, made) 19. keep (kept, kept) 七、意思相近的词 1. check （核对）/ examine(检查)/ test（测试） 2. receive（收到） / accept（接受）
高考英语词汇(全)
高考英语词汇（全） a (an) art. 一（个、件……） ability n. 能力；才能 able a. 能够；有能力的 about ad. 大约；到处；四处 prep. 关于；在各处；四处 above prep. 在……上面 a. 上面的 ad. 在……之上 abroad ad. 到（在）国外 absence n.. 不在，缺席 absent a. 缺席，不在 accent n. 口音，音调 accept vt. 接受 accident n. 事故，意外的事 according to ad. 按照，根据 account n. 账目；描述 ache vi.& n. 痛，疼痛 achieve vt. 达到，取得 across prep. 横过，穿过 act n. 法令，条例 v. （戏）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戏）；行动，做事 action n. 行动 take action active a. 积极的，主动的 activity n. 活动 actor n. 男演员 actress n. 女演员
actual a. 实际的；现实的 AD n. 公元 ad (缩) =advertisementn.广告 Add vt.添加，增加 addition n. 增加；（算数用语）加 address n. 地址 admire v. 钦佩；羡慕 admirer admiration admission n. 准入, 接纳 admit vt. 承认，准许（入场，入学，入会） adult n. 成年人 adulthood advance v. 推进，促进；前进 advancement advantage n. 优点；好处 adventure n. 冒险；奇遇 advertise vt. 为……做广告 advertisement n. 广告 advice n. 忠告，劝告，建议 advise vt. 忠告，劝告，建议aeroplane n. (英)飞机 affair n. 事，事情 current affairs affect vt. 影响 afford vt. 负担得起（……的费用）；抽得出（时间）；提供 afraid a. 害怕的；担心 be afraid of /to do sth. Africa* n. 非洲 African非洲的，非洲人的 n. 非洲人 after ad. 在后；后来 prep. 在……之后；在后面 conj. 在……以后 afternoon n. 下午，午后
货代术语中英文对照
如对您有帮助，请购买打赏，谢谢您！货代术语中英文对照 international forwarder 国际货运代理international sales of goods 国际货物销售 inventory 库存 inward permit 进口许可证 issuing bank 开证行 knowledge is power and content is king 知识就是力量,内容至上land bridge 陆桥运输 layout 格式布局 LCL(less than carload lot) shipments 零担货物运输 leakage risks 渗漏险 letter of credit 信用证 letter of indemnity 保函 letterhead 信头 liability insurance 责任保险 limitation of liability 责任范围限制 liner freight rate 班轮运费率 liner operator 班轮营运人 litigation 诉讼 load line 载重线 logistics 物流 long form bill of lading 全式提单 long haul 长途运输 mainfest 货物舱单 maintenance 维护保养 maintenance of the vessel 船舶维修 marine cargo insurance 海上货物保险 master and house air waybills 主运单和分运单 mate's receipts 大副收据 member lines 会员公司 methods payment 付款方式 mini-bridge 小陆桥运输 minimum charges 最低运价 modified block style 改良齐头式 mortgage 抵押 multi-modal transport 多式联运 natural calamities 自然灾害 nautical operation 航行操作 negotiable document 可转让单据 negotiating bank 押汇银行 neutral AWB 中性航空运输单 non-conference lines 非班轮公会航线 Non-governmental organization 非政府性组织 non-negtiable document 不可流通的单证 non-vessel operating common carriers （NVOCC）无营运船公共 承运人 notify party 通知方 NYPE form 土产格式 obligation 责任,义务 ocean freight rate 海运运费 ocean through B/L 海上联运提单 official title 官衔,头衔 on board 在船上 on-board bill of lading 已装船提单 online transaction 在线交易 operating expenses 经营费用 order bill of lading 指示提单 original bill of lading 正本提单 outsourcing 外包 outward export permit 出口许可证 packaging list 包装单 partial shipment 分批装运 passive voice 被动语态 pattern of international trade
英语词汇学总结(细致)
Chapter 1Word-Structure 1. The definition of morpheme 1.1 What is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language?- morpheme What are words composed of? - Words are formed by morphemes. A word is the smallest unit that stands alone to communicate meaning. 1.2 What are the Chinese equivalents对应词of morpheme? 语素词素-形位 2.1 Morphemes may be classified into free and bound. Free morphemes, also called content morphemes, may constitute words by themselves. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. So we may say that free morphemes are free roots. Bound morphemes = Bound root + affixes, known as grammatical morphemes, must appear with at least one other morpheme, either free or bound. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in derived words, e.g. recollection, idealistic, ex-prisoner 2.2 Morphemes may also be classified into roots (or root morphemes) and affixes (or affixational morphemes). Task: (1) Read the following words and find the root in each word. heart, hearten, dishearten, heartless, hearty, heartiness, sweetheart, heartbroken, kind-hearted, whole-heartedly. (2) What is your definition of root? A root is the part of the word-form which remains when all the affixes have been removed. (3) Is a root necessarily a free morpheme? Why? 2.2.1 Two types of roots - Free root In English, many roots are free morphemes, such as black in black, blackboard, blacksmith. - Bound root However, there are quite a number of roots which cannot exist on their own and thus belong to the class of bound morphemes. For example, ceive in receive, conceive, perceive, deceive; mit in permit, commit, submit; tain in retain, contain, maintain; cur in recur, occur, incur, etc. these roots cannot be used to form new words. 2.2.2 Two types of affixes Affix is a collective term for the type of formative (构词成分) that can be used only when added to another morpheme. - Inflectional affixes (or inflectional morphemes) serve to express the following meanings: (1) plurality: e.g. -s in chairs, pens; -es in boxes, tomatoes; en in oxen. (2) the genitive case: e.g. ’s in boy’s, children’s. (3) the verbal endings: for example, a. -(e)s in words like eats, teaches shows the third person singular present tense. b. -ing in words like eating, teaching shows the present participle or gerund. c. -(e)d in words like worked, saved shows the past tense or past participle. (4) the comparative and superlative degrees: e.g. -er in words like smaller, harder; -est in words like smallest, hardest. - Derivational affixes (or derivational morphemes)can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. ?(1) Prefixes are affixes before the root, e.g: unjust, rewrite. As a rule, most prefixes modify the meaning of roots, but not their parts of speech.
高考英语词汇练习及详解
2010高考英语词汇练习及详解（3） 101. Professor Smith and Professor Brown will _____ in giving the class lectures. A. exchange B. alter C. shift D. alternate [答案]D. alternate. [注释]alternate vt./vi. 轮流，交替发生或出现：Wet days alternate with fine days.(晴雨天交替更迭。)The weather today will alternate between fine and cloudy.(今天的天气将是晴间多云。) shift般动，移动（vt.）；转移到，迁移（vi.）；改变：1)Lend me a hand to shift the piano, will you?(请帮个忙搬一下这台钢琴。) 2)They have shifted away from this area.(他们已从这一地区迁走了。) 3)The candidate is constantly shifting his opinion about the problem.(这位竞选者在这个问题上不断改变他的观点。) exchange交换；exchange... for ... 用.......换......；alter(部分)修改。 102. Pack the cake in a strong box, or it might get _____ in the post. A. splashed B. spilt C. crushed D. crashed [答案]C. crushed. [注释]crush压坏，压碎；弄皱；辗散；1)Don't crush this box; there are flowers inside.(不要把这个盒子压坏了，里面有鲜花。) 2)Her dress was crushed.(她的衣服弄皱了。) 3)The machine crushes wheat grain to make floor.(这台机器把麦粒辗成面粉。) splash溅，泼；split(中间)裂开；crash(向下)猛跌；（飞机）失事。 103. The thief _____ the papers all over the room while he was searching. A. abandoned B. vanished C. scattered D. deserted [答案]C. scattered. [注释]scatter(=throw or put in various directions, or here and there)撒。 abandon放弃，抛弃。desert遗弃（而离开）。vanish消亡，灭亡。本题句意是将小偷在搜寻钱时的情景，所以应选scattered(撒)。104. Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical _____. A. facilities B. appliances C. instruments D. equipment [答案]B. appliances. [注释]electric appliances电器用具，facilities公用设备。equipment设备,装备，是集合名词，指“设备”的总称，只有当数形式。instrument仪器。 105. The _____ of the trees in the water was very clear. A. mirror B. sight C. reflection D. shadow [答案]C. reflection. [注释]reflection此处意为“映在水中的倒影”，而不是“影子”或“阴影”，故不能用shadow。其他选择均不合题意。106. One _____ needed when making a cake is flour; another is sugar. A. container B. ingredient C. content D. equivalent [答案]B. ingredient. [注释]ingredient(混合物的)成分。container容器，含量；内容（复数）。equivalent:相等物。 107. They have been waiting for many hours to see the singer, but the airplane must have been _____. A. behind the times B. behind schedule C. ahead of time D. in no time [答案]B. behind schedule. [注释]behind schedule(=late, behind time)晚点：The train is running behind schedule today.(=The train is not on time today.)behind the times(=using things not in style; still following old ways; old fashioned)过时，跟不上时代，落后：1)The