十六十七世纪的英国文学

十六十七世纪的英国文学
十六十七世纪的英国文学

四、The Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期

(Greek and Roman)戏剧drama 诗章canto

The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences.

文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。

The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama

文艺复兴时期的英国戏剧也得到了迅速的发展。

1、key work: humanism 人文主义:admire human beauty and human achievement

2、代表人物:

1)、Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔Utopia 乌托邦

2)、Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根第一个散文家(essayist)

3)、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯.怀亚特引入十四行诗的第一人

sonnet(十四行诗):form of poetry intricately rhymed(间隔押韵) in 14 lines iambic pentameter 4)、Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯宾塞poet’s poet(诗人中的诗人) The Fairy Queen《仙后》(epic poem 史诗)

5)、Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗.马洛

blank verse(无韵体:不押韵的五步抑扬格) 是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。

6)、William Shakespeare 威廉姆.莎士比亚戏剧drama

四大悲剧:Hamlet(哈姆雷特),Othello(奥赛罗),King Lear(李尔王),The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白)

五、the period of Revolution and Restoration (17世纪) 资产阶级革命与王权复辟

prose 散文

1、文学特点:the Puritans(清教徒) believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals.

清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。

2、代表人物:

1)、John Donne 约翰.多恩“metaphysical”poets (玄学派诗人) 的代表人物

sonnet 十四行诗《Death be not proud》(笔记)

作品特点:①strike the reader in Donne’s extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.(坦诚的态度和现实描绘)

②novelty of subject matter and point(新颖的题材和视角)

③novelty of its form.(新颖的形式)

2)、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿a great poet 诗人(poem 诗歌blank verse )

《Defense for the English People》为英国人辩护

《Paradise Lost》失乐园“Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人

《Paradise Regained》复乐园

)、John Bunyan 约翰.拜扬a great prose writer “give us the only great allegory(寓言)”Pilgrim’s Progress》天路历程prose 散文

该书采用的写作手法“written in the old-fashioned(旧体形式), medieval form of allegory(比喻) and dream”

六、The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪) 启蒙运动

prose 散文

1、Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope. 强调正确的格式和写作规范,像艾迪生一样创作散文,和蒲柏一样创作诗歌。

The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism.

启蒙运动实际上是当时先进的资产阶级同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式。

The enlighteners repudiate the false religious doctrines about the viciousness of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment.

启蒙主义者颠覆了宗教所宣扬的人类本恶的观点;论证了人生诚实而友善,而腐化堕落则是后天腐败的社会环境所致。

Contrary to all reasoning, social injustice still held strong, found the power of reason to be insufficient, and therefore appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice.

无论怎样讲究理性,社会不平等现象仍然普遍存在,理性的力量明显不足。因此呼吁把情感的诉求作为一种谋求幸福和社会公平的手段。

2、18th century 文学的三个方面:

Classicism(古典主义)、revival of romantic poetry(新兴的浪漫主义诗歌)、beginnings of the modern novel(刚启萌的现代派小说)

3、代表人物:

1)、Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福realistic novel 现实主义小说

Novel:《Robinson Crusoe》鲁宾逊漂流记《Jonathan Wild》乔纳森.威尔德《Moll Flanders》摩尔.弗兰德斯

2)、Henry Fielding 亨利.菲尔丁father of modern fiction(现代小说之父)

《Joseph Andrews》约瑟夫.安德鲁斯受到了理查森的《帕美勒》的启发

作家之间的不同:Richardson ——no humor, minces words, moralizes. 不幽默,咬文嚼字,说教

Fielding ——direct, vigorous, hilarious, and coarse to the point of vulgarity,full of animal spirits, tells the story of a vagabond life 语言直接、生动、欢快、粗糙,甚至有点俗,精神焕发,讲述流浪者的故事。

《The History of Tom Jones, a foundling》弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事the best novel of him

3)、Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特

《Gulliver’s Travels》格列佛游记novel 反讽

作品特点:no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice; the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied only by some flashes of fooling when Swift’s sense of the ridiculour gets the better of him.

努不动颜,骂不扬声,语调冷酷,锋芒暗藏,讽刺辛辣,仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄之态。

《A Modest Proposal》一个温和的建议

4)、Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔.理查森

《Pamela》帕美勒The method of psychological analysis 心理分析的方法

In the form of letters 书信体小说

5)、Richard B. Sheridan 理查德.B.谢尔丹

《School for Scandal》造谣学校,喜剧comedy

6)、Oliver Goldsmith’s 奥利佛.哥尔德斯密斯散文作家essayist

《The Vicar of Wakefield》威克菲尔德的牧师,小说novel

《She Stoops to Conquer》委曲求全,欢乐喜剧rollicking comedy

《The Deserted Village》荒村,诗歌poems

4、Sentimentalism 感伤主义no belief 没有信仰

The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people.

感伤主义的代表人物在继续反对封建主义的同时又模糊的感觉到资本主义进程中出现的种种矛盾,感觉到资本主义制度对人性的奴役和破坏。

代表人物:Thomas Gray 托马斯.格雷《Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard》墓园挽歌

七、the Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义

散文prose

1、前浪漫主义代表人物:William Blake 威廉.布莱克诗人poet

Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯苏格兰诗人poet

Pre-Romanticism was greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution

前浪漫主义极大地影响了工业革命和法国大革命。

2、教育意义Educational:liberty, equality and fraternity 自由,平等,博爱

3、开始的标志:beginning with the publication of William Wordsworth’s 《Lyrical Ballads》

从威廉.华兹华斯发表的"抒情歌谣"开始4、lake poets(湖畔诗人):Coleridge Southey Wordsworth5、代表人物:1)、William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯poet-laureate (桂冠诗人) 《The Prelude》序曲自传性诗歌Autobiographical poetry

With S.T.coleridge, they jointly published the “Lyrical Ballads”. 与s.t.coleridge一起,联合发表了“抒情民谣”

作品特点:simplicity and purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry

简单而纯洁的语言,反传统形式的18世纪诗歌2)、Lord Byron 拜伦《Childe Harold Pilgrimage》查尔德?哈罗德游记cantos 诗章成名作《Don Juan》唐璜poem 诗satiric masterpiece 讽刺的杰作《Hours of Idleness》闲散时刻poem 诗the first volume of poem 首卷诗3)、Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱《Prometheus Unbound》解放的普罗米修斯drama 戏剧《Ode to the West Wind》西风颂poem 诗4)、John Keats 济慈poet 诗人《The Eve of St. Agnes》圣阿格良斯之夜poem 《On a Greeian Urn》希腊古瓮颂poem 《To a Nightingale》致夜莺poem “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”美学原则5)、Walter Scott 沃特.斯科特He is the creator and a great master of the historical novel. 他是创造者和历史小说大师6)、Jane Austen 简.奥斯丁女《Pride and Prejudice》傲慢与偏见《Sense and Sensibility》理智与情感《Emma》爱玛写作特点:the love-making of her young people, though serious and sympathetic, is subdued by humor to the ordinary plane of emotion on which most of us live. She was the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middleclass people. 她是中产阶级小说的发起人。

7)、Charles Lamb 查尔斯.兰伯essayist散文家6、十九世纪散文的特点:In the first of these two periods Addison and Steele socialized the essay, so to speak; they brought it into everyday life and made it familiar and delightful to the multitude. 在这两个时期的开始,艾迪生和斯蒂尔的社会散文把散文带入日常生活,并使其熟悉和并令人愉快。Early in the nineteenth century it became more definitely a means of intimate self-expression.在十九世纪前期,散文变得对自我的表达越来越肯定

八、Critical Realism 批判现实主义,Victorian Period 维多利亚时期humanism 人文主义

1、意义:Chartism signified the first great political movement of the proletariat in English history.在英国的历史中,宪章运动是伟大的无产阶级政治运动。

2、代表人物:1)、Charles Dickens 狄更斯《Hard Times》艰难时刻《Pickwick Papers》匹克威克外传《Oliver Twist》雾都孤儿《A Tale of Two Cities》双城记(描述了法国大革命French Revolution)特点:describing the misery and sufferings of common people.描述苦难和苦难的群众。2)、Charlotte Bronte 夏洛特.勃郎特女《Shirley》雪利《Jane Eyre》简.爱Emily Bronte 艾米丽.勃郎特《Wuthering

Heights》呼啸山庄(主人公:Mr. Heathcliff)特点:brought to the novel an introspection and an intense concentration on the inner life of emotion which before them had been the province of poetry alone. 3)、Mrs. Gaskell 《Mary Barton, North and South》玛丽.巴顿,北方和南方4)、William Makepeace Thackeray 《Vanity Fair》名利场—this title was borrowed by Thackeray from The Pilgrim’s Progress by Bunyan. Thackeray draws a broad panorama of social life in his novel, ruthlessly criticizing money worship, cruelty and unscrupulousness. 在他的小说中描绘了广阔的社会生活,无情抨击了残酷和不择手段的拜金主义人物:Rebecca Sharp — a perfect embodiment of the spirit of Vanity Fair as her only aspiration in life is to gain wealth and position by and means.唯一的愿望人生就是在名利场中,完美的获取财富和地位的手段。特点:novels mainly contain a satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society。小说是一个含有讽刺意味的上流社会写照。5)、George Eliot 乔治.艾略特女《Adam Bede》novel 《The mill on the floss》《Middlemarch》Her preoccupation was always with the serious consideration of the moral position of the individual in the universe, but her psychological insight into the development of character.她最认真考虑的是个人的道德立场,但是她的心洞察了个性的发展。特点:the significance of G. Eliot’s work lies in the portrayal of the pettiness and stagnancy of English provincial life 艾略特写作的意义在于琐碎的描绘和英国生活的停滞。3、桂冠诗人(poet-laureate):1)、Alfred Tennyson 2)、Robert Browning 《My last duchess》已故的公爵夫人Jealousy(嫉妒) Stingy(小气) 贡献:Dramatic monologues 戏剧独白dramatic lyrics 戏剧抒情诗dramatic romances 戏剧传奇

九、The transition from 19th to 20th century in English literature 19到20世纪英国文学的过渡期

1、Aestheticism 唯美主义“art for art’s sake”为艺术而艺术

2、代表人物。1)、Thomas Hardy 悲观主义者Pessimists 《Tess of the D’Urbervilles》苔丝《Jude the obscure》裘德novel 特点:His career is thus divided sharply between his Victorian novels and his post-Victorian poetry. 他的生涯就是他的小说和他的后维多利亚诗歌之间的尖锐分歧。2)、Oscar Wilde “art for art’s sake”为艺术而艺术3)、George Bernard Shaw 剧作家(playwright) 《Mrs. Warren’s profession》华莱夫人的职业4)、D. H. Lawrence 《Lady Chatterley’s Lover》查泰莱夫人的情人《The Rainbow》彩虹《Sons and lovers》儿子与情人

3、“stream of consciousness”意识流代表人物:1)、Virginia Woolf 《Mrs. Dalloway》《A Room of One’s Own》Woolf was much concerned with the position of women. 非常重视妇女的地位2)、James Joyce 《Ulysses》

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大三_英国文学史(绝对标准中文版)

英国文学源远流长,经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中,文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响,文学内部遵循自身规律,历经盎格鲁-撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。 一、中世纪文学(约5世纪-1485) 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样,不是书面的,而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传,并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展,最后才有写本。公元5世纪中叶,盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中,最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf),它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事,具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说,随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国,现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的,当时,不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此,《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌,呈现出新旧生活方式的混合,兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想,体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年,居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡,征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后,封建等级制度得以加强和完备,法国文化占据主导地位,法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇,流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》(Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,1375-1400)以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材,歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德,是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情,是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。 14世纪以后,英国资本主义工商业发展较快,市民阶级兴起,英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉,社会各阶层普遍使用英语,为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。杰弗利·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer, 1343-1400)的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。《坎特伯雷故事》(The Canterbury Tales)以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索,通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事,勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。乔叟首创英雄诗行,即五步抑扬格双韵体,对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献,被誉为"英国诗歌之父".乔叟的文笔精练优美,流畅自然,他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平,推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。 二、文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期-17世纪初) 相对于欧洲其他国家来说,英国的文艺复兴起始较晚,通常认为是在15世纪末。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义,它主张以人为本,反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观,提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More, 1478-1535)是英国最主要的早期人文主义者,他的《乌托邦》(Utopia)批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会,设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。Utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词,但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河,这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》(The New Atlantis)、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》(Gulliver's Travels)、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》(Erewhon)一直延续到20世纪

西方文学自测题库及参考答案--17世纪古典主义文学

西方文学自测题及参考答案 第四章 17世纪文学 一、单项选择题 1.17世纪中叶英国最杰出的革命诗人是(B)。 A.屈莱顿 B.弥尔顿 C.班扬 D.本·琼生 2.法国古典主义悲剧的创始人是(C)。 A.拉辛 B.莫里哀 C.高乃依 D.拉封丹 3.法国古典主义第一部典范性的作品是(B)。 A.《伪君子》 B.《熙德》 C.《费得尔》 D.《安德洛玛克》 4.法国古典主义的理论家是(C)。 A.笛卡尔 B.伽桑迪 C.布瓦洛 D.黎塞留 5.拉封丹是一位以写寓言诗著称的诗人,其代表作是(C)。 A.《拉封丹寓言》 B.《丹麦寓言》 C.《寓言诗》 D.《寓言故事》 6.歌德所说的:“像他那样的开场是现存最伟大的最好的开场”,是指莫里哀的作品是(B)。A.《吝啬鬼》 B.《伪君子》 C.《可笑的女才子》 D.《妇人学堂》 二、多项选择题 1.17世纪欧洲文学的主要成就是(ABCD)。 A.英国资产阶级革命文学 B.法国古典主义文学 C.巴洛克文学 D.市民世俗文学 E.教会文学 2.17世纪欧洲文学产生的背景(ABCD)。 A.英国资产阶级革命 B.法国专制王权的兴隆 C.唯物主义和唯理主义思潮的出现 D.对人文主义文学的继承和反拨 E.文艺复兴运动的兴起 3.弥尔顿取材于《圣经》的几部杰作是(BCD)。 A.《伊甸园》 B.《失乐园》 C.《复乐园》 D.《力士参孙》 E.《天路历程》 4.古典主义的基本特征有(ABC)。 A.政治上拥护中央王权,主张国家统一 B.思想上崇尚理性 C.艺术上提倡模仿古代,重视规则 D.形式上采用民间文学风格 E.重视主观想象

5.法国古典主义悲剧代表作家有(BC)。 A.莫里哀 B.高乃依 C.拉辛 D.拉封丹 E.布瓦洛 三、专用术语解释 1.古典主义 1.古典主义是指17世纪流行于西欧特别是法国的一种带有浓厚封建色彩的资产阶级文学思潮。因为它在文艺理论和创作实践上以古希腊罗马文学为典范,故被称为古典主义。古典主义的作家、理论家由于所处时代的不同和个性差异,他们的创作也各有侧重。法国古典主义成就是多方面的,尤以戏剧最突出,出现了以高乃依和拉辛为代表的悲剧作家,以莫里哀为代表的喜剧作家,以及文艺理论家布拉洛和寓言诗人拉封丹等。 2.“三一律” 2.古典主义戏剧把文学创作的技巧和形式加以规范化,形成一整套作家必须严格遵循的艺术规范,“三一律”就是其中主要的规则之一。所谓“三一律”,是规定戏剧的情节、时间、地点必须保持一致,即剧本的情节只能有一条线索,故事发生在同一地点,剧情在24小时内完成。 四、理解简答题 1.17世纪文学的主要成就。 2.莫里哀的创作分期与创作特点。 五、综合论述题 1.答尔丢夫形象。 2.《伪君子》主题和艺术特点。 第四章 17世纪文学(参考答案) 一、单项选择题 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.B 二、多项选择题 1.ABCD 2.ABCD 3.BCD 4.ABC 5.BC 三、专用术语解释 四、理解简答题 1.17世纪欧洲文学的主要成就是英国资产阶级革命文学(又称清教徒文学)和法国古典主义文学,此外,还有巴洛克文学、市民世俗文学。

(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释

①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】

刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【章节题库】(18世纪英国文学(1688-1780))

第4部分18世纪英国文学(1688-1780) 填空题 1. Henry Fielding has been regarded as “_____”, for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel. (吉林大学2007研) 【答案】Father of the English Novel 【解析】亨利?菲尔丁被誉为“英国小说之父”。 2. A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift is a sharp _____ against the social injustice in _____. (天津外国语学院2011研) 【答案】satire,Ireland 【解析】1729年斯威夫特发表的《一个温和的建议》是对英国政府对爱尔兰人民剥削压迫的极度讽刺。这一宣传册建议爱尔兰的穷人把刚满一周岁的孩子卖给富人,富人可将孩子做成美餐,而穷人也将获得一笔收入。 3. The English novel began to prosper in 18th century as a new literary genre. In this period there appeared a number of great novelists such as _____, Daniel Defoe, and _____. (天津外国语学院2011研) 【答案】Jonathan Swift,Samuel Richardson 【解析】18世纪英国文学的小说家主要有Defoe, Swift, Richardson, Fielding, Smollett and Sterne等。

17世纪英国文学作业

The Period of English Revolution I.Choose the right answer. 1. _____ , as a declaration of people’s freedom of the press, has been a weapon in the later democratic revolutionary struggles. A. L’Allegro B. Comus C. Il Penseroso D. Areropagitica 2. ____’s poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyrics and the later sacred verses. A. John Milton B. John Bunyan C. John Donne D. John Dryden 3. ____ is the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry. A. John Donne B. George Herbert C. John Milton D. John Bunyan 4. _____ is the leading revolutionary poet in the 17th English literature. A. Edmund Spenser B. George Herbert C. John Milton D. Geoffrey Chaucer II. Fill in the blanks. 1.In the field of prose writing of the Puritan Age, _______ occupies the most important place. 2.______gives a vivid and satirical picture of Vanity Fair which is the symbol of London at the time of Restoration. 3._____ is the most excellent representative of English neo-classicism in the 18th century. 4.Paradise Lost is one of Milton’s ______. 5.Satan is the hero in Milton’s masterpiece __________. 6.Paradise Lost took its material from ______. 7.The works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized, generally speaking, by _____in content and fantasticality in form. 8.Adam and Eve in Paradise Lost embody Milton’s belief in the powers of _____. 9.The Pilgrim’s Progress is a(n)_____ 1.In 1644, James I was sentenced to death and Cromwell became the leader of the country. 2.English literature of the 17th century witnessed a flourish on the whole. 3.The Revolution Period produced one of the most important poets in English literature, William Shakespeare. 4.The main literary form in literature of Revolution Period is drama. 5.John Milton towers over his age as Byron towers over the Elizabethan Age, and as Chaucer towers over the Medieval Period. 6.On his first wife’s death, Milton wrote his only love poem, a sonnet, on His Deceased Wife. 7.The greatest epic produced by Milton, Paradise Lost, is written in heroic couplets. 8.The poem of Samson Agonistes was “to justify the ways of God to man”, i.e. to advocate submission to the Almighty.

第四章 十七世纪文学

第四章十七世纪文学 一、单项选择题 1.17世纪法国唯理主义的奠基人是()。 A.霍布斯B.伽桑迪 C.笛卡尔D.狄德罗 2.意大利的巴洛克文学代表人物是()。 A.马里诺B.贡哥拉 C.约翰·多恩D.格里美尔斯豪森 3.17世纪中叶英国最杰出的革命诗人是()。 A.屈莱顿B.弥尔顿 C.班扬D.本·琼生 4.法国古典主义悲剧的创始人是()。 A.拉辛B.莫里哀 C.高乃依D.拉封丹 5.法国古典主义第一部典范性的作品是()。 A.《伪君子》B.《熙德》 C.《费得尔》D.《安德洛玛克》 6.法国古典主义的理论家是()。 A.笛卡尔B.伽桑迪 C.布瓦洛D.黎塞留 7.拉封丹是一位以写寓言诗著称的诗人,其代表作是()。 A.《拉封丹寓言》B.《丹麦寓言》 C.《寓言诗》D.《寓言故事》 8.1659年,莫里哀演出他到巴黎后的第一部作品是()。 A.《妇人学堂》B.《可笑的女才子》 C.《冒失鬼》D.《情敌》 9.莫里哀标志着古典主义喜剧形成,同时又开了欧洲近代社会问题剧之先河的剧本是()。 A.《可笑的女才子》B.《妇人学堂》 C.《吝啬鬼》D.《恨世者》 10.莫里哀鞭挞贵族恶习败俗的作品是()。 A.《恨世者》B.《吝啬鬼》 C.《堂·璜》D.《乔治·唐丹》 11.歌德所说的:“像他那样的开场是现存最伟大的最好的开场”,是指莫里哀的作品是()。 A.《吝啬鬼》B.《伪君子》 C.《可笑的女才子》D.《妇人学堂》 12.莫里哀的《可笑的女才子》所表现的是()。

A.青年人冲破金钱与宗教的阻力,追求爱情自由的胜利 B.贵族沙龙咬文嚼字、故作风雅的丑态 C.贵族勾心斗角,虚伪做作 D.没落阶级腐朽堕落和资产阶级的种种丑恶 二、多项选择题 1.17世纪欧洲文学的主要成就是()。 A.英国资产阶级革命文学B.法国古典主义文学 C.巴洛克文学D.市民世俗文学E.教会文学 2.17世纪欧洲文学产生的背景()。 A.英国资产阶级革命B.法国专制王权的兴隆 C.唯物主义和唯理主义思潮的出现D.对人文主义文学的继承和反拨E.文艺复兴运动的兴起 3.弥尔顿取材于《圣经》的几部杰作是()。 A.《伊甸园》B.《失乐园》 C.《复乐园》D.《力士参孙》E.《天路历程》 4.古典主义的基本有()。 A.政治上拥护中央王权,主张国家统一B.思想上崇尚理性 C.艺术上提倡模仿古代,重视规则D.形式上采用民间文学风格E.重视主观想象5.法国古典主义悲剧代表作家有()。 A.莫里哀B.高乃依 C.拉辛D.拉封丹E.布瓦洛 6.《熙德》中的主要人物有()。 A.高迈斯B.杰葛 C.罗狄克D.施曼娜E.阿巴贡 7.《安德洛玛克》的主要人物有()。 A.赫克托耳的寡妻B.皮洛斯 C.爱弥奥娜D.阿喀琉斯E.答尔丢夫 8.莫里哀与教会和封建势力斗争最激烈时期所写的一系列杰出的讽刺喜剧,主要有()。 A.《伪君子》B.《堂·璜》 C.《恨世者》D.《吝啬鬼》E.《情仇》 9.《吝啬鬼》中的主要人物形象有()。 A.奥尔贡B.阿巴贡 C.答尔丢夫D.玛丽亚娜E.大密斯 10.莫里哀晚期作品主要有()。 A.《乔治·唐丹》B.《史嘉本的诡计》 C.《无病呻吟》D.《醉心贵族的小市民》E.《妇人学堂》 11.《伪君子》的主要人物有()。

吴伟仁的英国文学史及选读

History and Anthology of English Literature Part One The Anglo-Saxon Period Beowulf Questions: 1.The earliest literature falls into two divisions ___________, and_______________. 2.Christianity brings England not only __________ and___________but also the wealth of a new language. 3.Who is Beowulf? And What is Beowulf? 4.How did Beowulf come into being? 5.Who is Grendel? And what is the result of Grendel?s fight with Beowulf? 6.How did the Jutes hold the funeral for him? Key points of this part: The most important work of old English literature is Beowulf------- the national epic of the English people. It is of Germanic heritage, perhaps the greatest Germanic epic and contains evidently pre-Christian elements existing at first in an oral tradition, the poem was passed from mouth to mouth for generations before it was written down. The manuscript preserved today was written in the Wessex tongue about 1000A.D., consisting altogether of 3183 lines. There are three episodes related to the career of Beowulf: 1.the fight with the monster, Grendel. 2.The fight with Grendel?s mother, a still more frightful she-monster. 3.The moral combat with the fire Dragon. The significance lies in the vivid portrayal of a great national hero, who is brave, courageous, selfless, and ever helpful to his people. There are three important features:: 1.Alliteration (words beginning with the same consonant sound). This is characteristic of all old English verse. 2.Metaphors and understatements. There are many compound words used in the poem to serve as indirect metaphors that are sometimes very picturesque. , e.g. “riging-giver”is used for King; “hearth-companions “for his attendant warriors; “Whale?s road” for the sea; “spear-fighter” for soldier etc. And as understatement we can see: “not troublesome”for welcome; “need not praise”for a right to condemn. This quality is often regarded as characteristic of the English people and their language. 3.Mixture of pagan and Christian elements: the observing of omen, cremation, blood-revenge, and the praise of worldly glory.

外国文学 十七世纪文学概述

十七世纪文学 ?古典主义文学:理性至上 ?巴罗克文学:与感觉论思潮相通 ?清教徒文学:革命的文学 古典主义文学 ?名称由来 ?产生背景 ?哲学基础:唯理主义 ?思想特征:①政治上主张国家统一②宣扬理性③批判上层,揭露弊端④继承古希 腊的悲剧传统 ?艺术特征:①从古代文学中汲取艺术形式和题材②严格的规范:“三一律”③主张语 言准确精练华丽典雅④人物塑造类型化 ?代表作家 古典主义文学 ?之所以称古典主义,是因为它在文艺理论和创作实践上以古希腊、罗马为典范。自文艺复兴后,欧洲思潮中的一个特点就是向往古希腊和罗马的文明,这种热情持续了数百年之久。对17世纪的学者来说,古希腊罗马的古典文化中,那种对形式和理性的强调,代表着人类最美好的理想。换言之,在当时那个分崩离析的世界,他们感兴趣的是古典文化井井有条的理性。 ?如果说文艺复兴的人文主义文学侧重于古希腊,那么古典主义则侧重于古罗马。 产生背景 ?文艺复兴的科学研究精神创造了一大批知识巨人:伽利略、开普勒、牛顿、笛卡尔、帕斯卡等等,他们所发现的“定律”逐渐被人们所接受。同时,他们也影响了17世纪的时代精神,即:将宇宙视为一个组织完好的理性世界的精神。对物质世界规律的探求,逐步转向对人类社会普遍原则的探求,“情感”让位给“理性”,这也客观影响了一代文风。

唯理主义 ?勒内·笛卡尔:著名的哲学命题—“我思故我在” ?《方法论》4条规则:除了清楚明白的观念外,绝不接受其他任何东西;必须将每个问题分成若干个简单的部分来处理;思想必须从简单到复杂;我们应该时常进行彻底的检查,确保没有遗漏任何东西。 ?《心灵情感论》主张意志可以直接改变人的情感. 我思故我在 ?感觉是不可靠的,理性是一种先天的认识能力,即良知,它先于感性而存在,是一切认识的根源,人凭理性认识万物的真伪,明辨是非。 代表作家 ?皮埃尔?高乃依:庄严崇高 ?让?拉辛 ?让?德?拉封丹:《寓言诗》:动物教化人 ?尼古拉?布瓦洛 《熙德》:理智战胜情感 ?堂?罗德可克—熙德(将军,首领) ?堂?狄哀格(罗德可克之父) ?堂?高迈斯(施曼娜之父) ?施曼娜:心灵彷徨得到了细致的呈现 《安德洛玛刻》 ?安德洛玛刻:临危镇定,理智清醒,成为城邦统治者。 ?国王庇吕斯(被杀) ?特使奥莱斯特(疯狂) ?斯巴达公主爱尔米奥娜(自杀)

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