高考英语短文填词题解题思路

高考英语短文填词题解题思路（名师解析)上(2009-03-11 15:30:05)

标签：高考英语解析一教育分类：英语学习 09福建高考英语短文填词题解题思路[名师解析]

一．题型说明

共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分

1.形式：替换试卷中原短文改错题，重点考查单词拼写、语言基础知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达能力；在考查词汇的同时也考查学生读与写的能力。考生必须在理解短文内容的基础上，把握短文主旨大意，运用所学语言知识填空，使短文语篇完整。

2.选材：符合学生的书面表达水平，短文词数在130左右，共设10小题，第一行不设题，其余每行挖空一处设一题；考查以实词为主，兼顾其他词性。

3.提示方式有：首字母提示、汉语提示、语境提示，其中首字母提示、汉语提示各3~4个，语境提示2~3个。每个空格根据提示用一个单词的适当形式填空。

4.答案的唯一性：如果出现与标准答案不同,但符合题目要求的答案也可以接受，具体由阅卷点裁定。每个空格只能填入一个答案，超过一个的，该小题以零分计。

二．短文填词题八大考点

1、名词：可数、不可数，可数名词的单复数形式；

特别容易忽略名词的单复数，知道了名词的单复数，有时特别容易拼错，尤其是一些可数名词单复数的特殊变化，以及动名词之间的转换；

如：leaf—leave; medium—media; advise—advice, practise—practice; succeed—success;

2、动词：时态、语态、非谓语及动词形式的不规则变化；

broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播

equip (equipped, equipping) 装备

注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）

3、形容词、副词：形容词与副词的区别（也可能考比较级及最高级）；Simple—simply, fish—fisherman,

possible—possibly 可能的, practical—practically 实际的

4、数词：主要考序数词：容易拼错的序数词，如：

1.twenty—twentieth,

2.ninth第九

3. forty四十

4. twelfth第十二

5. 常见短语的掌握

Call on号召，拜访（后接sb）/call in召集/ call at拜访某地; in good health; focus on关注/ concentrate on 集中注意力

6. 常见从句的掌握，定语从句与宾语从句的区别

7. 同义词的辨析

Cloth布料/clothes衣服/clothing衣服总称, celebrate庆祝/ congratulate祝贺, hungry 饿/starve饥饿, disturb打搅/bother打扰

8. 形近易混词的区分

Qulity质量/ quantity数量, similar相似的/familiar熟悉的, adapt适应/ adopt收养，改编

三．学生普遍存在的二大问题

第一：单词拼写问题，很多可能知道要填的单词，但拼写往往出错；

第二：是如何确定所填词的词性，有些空确实特别需要注意的是细节的把握：如名词的单复数，和动词形式的变化以及词性之间的变换。

四．短文填词题三大解题策略：

关键找搭配信息

第一：对于首字母提示和语境提示的空格如何判断其意义及词性，关键看搭配，重点找已知信息。搭配包括：主谓搭配，动宾搭配，前置定语（形容词、动词分词）+名词或名词+后置定语（形容词，动词分词，介宾短语或者定语从句），谓语+状语（副词），副词修饰形容词等等。空格前后的已知信息词决定着空格词的词性；

第二：汉语提示题相对简单，大部分我们可以根据汉语提示直接写出答案。但需特别注意的是有时题中给出我们的意思能够理解，但词性的选择和单词的选择还是需要根据具体的搭配信息确定。而且中文往往是模糊的，与之相近的意思的单词或许不止一个词。这时更需要我们根据文中已知信息来确定。

They got lost in the desert and _________(挨饿) to death.

解析：并列连词and 连接二谓语动词，前后一致，前面是动词got,则后面也应是动词的过去时,故只能填starved, 而不会是形容词hungry.

Please give my ____________ (祝贺) when you see her.

They' re going to _______ （庆祝） their victory with music and dancing.

解析：庆祝和祝贺在中文看来是近似的，但在英文中的区别明显。Celebrate庆祝，后面接的宾语往往是胜利或是节日。而祝贺的宾语则是对个人成功等的祝贺。本题空格在动词give 的后面，故应填congratulation. 而68题则应是celebrate.

The book gives a short _____ （描述） of the city.

解析：很明显该处应填名词discription.注意：discribe和discription的词性转化。

She has written many articles for a popular women’s m .

解析：已知信息必须得找articles, 于是很容易想到magazine.

第三：单词的正确拼写

1. 名词：名词的单复数的确定主要根据：1.并列连词 and, but以及or前后的名词或代词的单复数，前后往往是一致的；

2.根据主谓一致的原则，关键看谓语动词或系动词的数。

On the morning of April 29,2008,from 10:00 to 11:00,hundreds

of millions of students from primary,middle schools and u 76. universities

all over China joined in a national student sports program.

解析：空格名词的数，由and前的schools 可以确定。

We aim at q_________ rather than quantity. 2.quality_

解析：A rather than B. 根据quantity数量我们很快可以想到以q开头的quality.

Eric came running into the room, out of b .

解析：running决定out of breath。但一定注意：breath名词，breathe动词

Nowadays most people use paper __________(手帕) . 58. handkerchiefs

解析：此处手帕的单复数取决于most people, 注意其复数形式：handkerchiefs

Spring has come, and the trees are thick with green ____ （叶子）.

解析： the trees 决定叶子为复数：leaves.

2.动词:一定要注意动词的时态，语态及非谓语形式，这又和考查学生对动词ing及ed形式的变换的掌握能力息息相关。

Letting the water run while you brush your teeth w water.

解析：注意辨认主谓宾结构。现在分词letting the water run做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数wastes。

The patient kept c________all night.15._________.

解析：根据patient kept 可确定为：coughing. 注意：keep doing

Do you think_________(游泳)is allowed in the canal 23._________

解析：swimming

A fence at the back of the garden_________(分开)us from the neighbours.

解析：谓语动词的数取决于主语a fence. 故为：separates

r_____ Mike the moment I saw him . 33.______

解析：主从时态保持一致：由saw得出recognized.

____ （赢得） the support of the majority requires time,energy and devotion.

解析：由谓语requires可知动名词做主语，winning.

They finished （测量）that piece of land last week.

解析：finished measuring

The boy spoke in a very low voice ______(承认) he had broken the glass.59.________

解析：根据谓语单一原则，得出admitting。注意admit动词形式：admitting/ admitted. The colleges and universities were only for men. and women were not p _____to attend. 解析： only for men, women则不为允许，则为permitted.

3.形容词:特别注意名词转化形容: Asia— Asian, Australia—Australian, Europe—European(地名等专有名词第一字母必须大写)。

north—northern, south---southern

1 Rice is grown in China, Japan and other A_______ countries. _Asian__

2. The story is written by an （澳大利亚）engineer. Australian

3.This plant is found in the _______(南部)parts of the country _ southern

4. She looks f________ to me, but I don't remember her names.

5. My train was 20 minutes late in the morning and there was a_______

(相似的)delay in the evening.

解析：注意区别：familiar熟悉的、similar相似的

4.副词：副词主要修饰形容词，和动词。

1. The students were listening to the teacher a__________. 1. _________

2.Don't be frightened by the television camera. Just speak____________(自然

地)2.naturally

解析：动词+副词。

3.G_____ speaking , parents care more about their children's health than about their own. Generally,

解析：副词+动词。

4. The telephone rang and he answered it i____________.

解析：answered+immediately.

5．Attention please ,the game will begin （立刻）.

解析：begin+immediately.

6．There are only five minutes left. We’ll have to walk q__________ to get there on time.

解析：walk+quitely.

7. The acceptance of new members is ___________ (严格) controlled.

解析：副词+controlled.

5.数词和月份，星期

数词：主要考序数词。

容易拼写错的数字。如：1. eighth第八2. ninth第九3. forty四十4. twelfth第十二5. twentieth第二十

1. The ____________ (第十二) man in a football team will play if one of the other players is ill.

2.Their office is on the_________(第九)floor. 29._________

一个星期七天：1. Monday 2. Tuesday 3. Wednesday 4. Thursday 5. Friday 6. Saturday 7. Sunday

一年十二个月:月份第一个字母必须大写。

1. January

2. February

3. March

4. April

5. May

6. June

7. July

8. August

9. September 10.

October 11. November 12. December

3.I'll go and see you next_________(星期六). 21.Saturday

4.________（一月）is the first month of the year.

6.短语：

The Ministry of Education (号召)on us students to 79. calls

exercise for an hour every day, hoping that we will be in good

(健康)to work or study every day and enjoy our life. 81. health

Regular exercise helps us build u____our body and keep a clear mind. 84. up

He is drinking all day long and often quarrels (吵架) with his wife

and his child cannot c on his studies and his grades are coming 82. concentrate down.

Could you help Li and tell

him how to get of this bad habit and return to normal life again？ 85. rid

He was p___________ of the Olympic Gold Medal he won for his country. proud

Not paying a_____to the road can be dangerous, even deadly. attention

It is important for drivers to f________(关注) on what is going on around them. focus

7.主从复合句：

从样题分析来看，此题一般在1—2题左右。一般以考查从句的连接词为主，而宾语从句，定语从句以及时间状语从句的连接词出现频率较高。

I think a good idea for us Senior Ⅲ students to have daily sports. 82. it/it’s We spend an hour a day on exercise, is well worth doing. 83. which

His wife is worried and afraid t drinking will destroy 83. that

their happy life as well as Li Hua himself (本人).

This diary was written during the time when Anne and her family moved to escape from being

killed by Nazis.

The steam which is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings.

When there is a car accident, police officers will find out whether 4 any of the drivers is

using a cellphone.

I tried to stay positive and persevered until 6 I finally found the solution