2014年11月二级笔译CATTI真题英译汉出处 2014.11.09

2014年11月二级笔译CATTI真题英译汉出处

出自纽约时报

WATERLOO, Belgium — The region around this Belgian city is busily preparing to commemorate the 200th anniv ersary in 2015 of one of the major battles in European military history. But weav ing a path through the preparations is prov ing almost as tricky as making one?s way across the battlef ield was back then, when the Duke of Wellington, as commander of an international alliance of f or ces, crushed Napoleon.

A rambling though dilapidated f armstead called Hougoumont, which was crucial to the battle?s outcome, is being painstakingly restored as an educational center. Nearby, an underground v isitor center is under construction, and roads and monuments throughout the rolling f armland where once the sides f ought are being ref urbished. More than 6,000 military buffs are expected to re-enact indiv idual skirmishes.

While the battle ended two centuries ago, howev er, hard f eelings hav e endured. Memories are long here, and not ev ery one here shares Britain?s enthusiasm for celebrating Napoleon?s def eat.

Ev ery y ear, in districts of Wallonia, the French-speaking part of Belgium, there are f etes to honor Napoleon, according to Count Georges Jacobs de Hagen, a prominent Belgian industrialist and chairman of a committee responsible f or restoring Hougoumont. “Napoleon, f or these people, was v ery popular,” Mr. Jacobs, 73, said ov er coffee. “That is why, still today, there are some e nemies of the project.”

Belgium, of course, did not exist in 1815. Its Dutch-speaking regions were part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, while the French-speaking portion had been incorporated into the French Empire. Among French speakers, Mr. Jacobs said, Napoleon had a “huge inf luence —the administration, the Code Napoléon,” or ref orm of the legal system. While Dutch-speaking Belgians f ought under Wellington, French speakers f ought with Napoleon.

That distaste on the part of modern-day French speakers crystallized in resistance to a British proposal that, as part of the restoration of Hougoumont, a memorial be raised to the British soldiers who died def ending its narrow North Gate at a critical moment on June 18, 1815, when Wellington carried the day. “Ev ery discussion in the committee was f illed with high sensitiv ity,” Mr. Jacobs recalled. “I said, …This is a condition f or the help of the British,? so the North Gate won the battle, and we got the monument.”

If Belgium was reluctant to get inv olv ed, France was at f irst totally uninterested. “They told us, …We don?t want to take par t in this British triumphalism,? ” said Countess Nathalie du Parc Locmaria, a writer and publicist who is president of a committee representing f our townships that own the land where the battle raged. As in the case of the North Gate memorial, howev er, persistence paid off.

Prince Charles Napoleon, 62, a French politician and direct descendant of Jerome Napoleon —Bonaparte?s brother, who also f ought at Waterloo —agreed to join a ceremony on the f irst of four day s of ev ents, to shake hands with the eighth Duke of Wellington, the 98-y ear-old head of his f amily, and Prince Blücher v on Wahlstatt, a direct descendant of the f ield marshal who commanded Prussian f orces in the battle. The French ambassador to Belgium was won ov er as an honorary member of the organizing committee.

Now the North Gate is but a wire mesh enclosure in a rambling brick and stone wall, though its wooden doors —the f amed “chestnut barrier” —will be reconstructed exactly as they were when French and British troops f ought f uriously for control, which meant also control of the f arm buildings. Ev entually, after bloody, hand-to-hand combat, the British troops managed to shut the doors, ultimately breaking Napoleon?s adv ance and ensuring Wellington?s victory. Next to them, the controv ersial British memorial, a dark marbl e copy of the gate, will arise.

The word triumphal, or v ariations thereof, comes up frequently in discussions here, but the Britons inv olv ed v igorously deny hav ing entertained a single triumphalist thought.

“In no way will this be Anglocentric or triumphalist in any way,” said Michael Mitchell, an aircraft consultant who v olunteers as secretary of the organizing committee. “We nev er talk about a celebration, but a commemoration,” said Mr. Mitchell, the son of a Britis h f ather and Belgian mother whose ancestor Col. Hugh Mitchell f ought on Wellington?s right f lank. “Many brav e men died,” he said. “All the belligerents play ed an incredibly impressiv e role.”

If the temptation to triumphalism did exist on the British side, it would be odd, since most of the soldiers who f ough t under Wellington

were not British. Though he commanded 25,000 English, Scottish and Irish regulars, his f orce also consisted of 26,000 Germans and 17,000 Dutch, while Field Marshal Blücher mustered 50,000 Prussian troops.

For Germany, the ev ents are welcome. Next year, commemorations will mark the 100th anniv ersary of the outbreak of World War I, but unlike that war the Napoleonic wars are not something the Germans may f eel they hav e to apologize f or. Margaret Pollmeier, a spokeswoman f or the German Embassy in Brussels, said in an e-mail that “in any ev ent, the embassy plans to participate in the commemoration on June 18, 2015.” Since 2011, the German ambassador has been an honorary member of the Hougoumont committee; his military attaché hopes to restore some or all of f our memorials to German units on the battlef ield.

Ov er the centuries, the Wellington f amily has taken a keen interest in the battlef ield. The present duke, said Mr. Mitchell, “in f ine f amily tradition, takes, I won?t say a proprietary, but a close ey e on the battlef ields.” Sev eral times, most recently in 1973, the duke interv ened successf ully when the local authorities planned to extend a superhighway across the battlef ields.

In 2000, a group of Belgian taxpay ers brought suit, demanding that the gov ernment rescind an agreement dating back to just after the battle under which the Duke of Wellington was giv en the rights to 2,600 acres around the battlef ield. The lands were bringing in about $160,000 annually f or the Wellington f amily, and the taxpay ers argued it was time to end the arrangement. The case stagnated until 2009, when the f inance minister, Didier Rey nders, told Parliament that the gov ernment had no intention of backing out of its commitment, which was anchored in the 1839 Treaty of London guaranteeing the independence of Belgium.

Of course, if the Wellingtons continue to benef it f rom the lands, so do the communities around Waterloo. In good y ears about 300,000 people v isit the battlef ield, though recently the number has f allen as word of the restoration work got out. Clearly, the organizers hope that the f arm?s rev iv al and the new v isitor center will raise the numbers, perhaps as high as 500,000 a y ear. In discussions, organizers f requently mention Gettysburg, which attracts more than two million people a y ear.

But the economy is only part of the picture. “Our concern is the experience of the v isitor,” Ms. Du Parc said. “What is the m essage? What is the legacy, what purpose does it serv e?” She contrasted the Napoleonic wars with World W ar I, which was f ollowed only two decades later by an ev en greater war.

Mr. Jacobs agreed. “Still today, y ou f ind Belgians on both sides,” he said, “but thanks to the British this f oolish Napoleoni c experience was brought to an end. It changed the history of Europe.”

“It brought a hundred y ears of peace,” he said.

第二篇

Bay er cares about the bees.Or at least that?s what they tell y ou at the company?s Bee Care Center on its sprawling campus here between Düsseldorf and Cologne. Outside the cozy two-story building that houses the center is a whimsical y ellow sculpture of a bee. Inside, the same image is f ashioned into paper clips, or printed on napkins and mugs.

“Bay er is strictly committed to bee health,” said Gillian Mansf ield, an official specializing in strategic messaging at the c ompany?s Bay er CropScience div ision. She was sitting at the center?s s emicircular coff ee bar, which has a f ormidable espresso maker and, if y ou ask, homegrown Bay er honey. On the surrounding walls, bee f un facts are written in English, like “A bee can f ly at roughly 16 miles an hour” or, it takes “nectar f rom some two million f lowers in order to produce a pound of honey.” Next y ear, Bay er will open another Bee Care Center in Raleigh, N.C., and has not ruled out more in other parts of the world.

There is, of course, a slight cav eat to all this buzzy good will.

Bay er is one of the major producers of a ty pe of pesticide that the European Union has linked to the large-scale die-off s of honey bee populations in North America and Western Europe. They are known as neonicotinoids, a relativ ely new nicotine-deriv ed class of pesticide. The pesticide was banned this y ear f or use on many f lowering crops in Europe that attract honey bees.

Bay er and two competitors, Sy ngenta and BASF, hav e disagreed v ocif erously with the ban, and are f ighting in the European courts to ov erturn it —leading o ne adv ocacy group, Corporate Europe Observ atory, to call the three companies “the bee killers.”

The Env ironmental Protection Agency has said its “scientif ic conclusions are similar to those expressed” by European regulato rs, but has not seen enough grounds to put into effect its own ban. An internal E.P.A. document leaked in 2010 said the “major risk concern” of

one of the pesticides, Bay er?s clothianidin, which is used to coat cotton and mustard seeds, “is to nontarget insects (that i s, honey bees),” calling it “highly toxic.” A coalition of beekeepers and env ironmental groups is suing the agency to press f or a ban.

Not ev ery one believ es Bay er cares about bees.

Hans Muilerman, a chemicals expert at Pesticide Action Network Europe, an env ironmental group, ac cused Bay er of doing “almost any thing that helps their products remaining on the market. Massiv e lobby ing, hiring P.R. f irms to f rame and spin, inv iting commissioners to show their plants and their sustainability.”

“Since they learned people care about bees, they are happy to start the ty pe of actions y ou mention, …bee care centers? and such,” he said.

There is a bad guy lurking at the Bee Care Center —a killer of bees, if y ou will. It?s just not a pesticide.

Bay er?s culprit in the my sterious mass deaths o f bees can be f ound around the corner f rom the coffee bar. Looming next to another sculpture of a bee is a sculpture of a parasite known as a v arroa mite, which resembles a gargantuan cooked crab with spiky hair.

The v arroa, sometimes called the v ampire mite, appears to be chasing the bee next to it, which already has a smaller mite stuck to it. And in case the message was not clear, images of the mites, which are actually quite small, f lash on a screen at the center.

While others point at pesticides, Bay er has f unded research that blames mites f or the bee die-off. And the center combines resources f rom two of the company?s div isions, Bay er CropScience and Bay er Animal Health, to f urther study the mite menace.

“The v arroa is the biggest threat we hav e” said Manuel Tritschler, 28, a third-generation beekeeper who works f or Bay er. “It?s v ery easy see to them, the mites, on the bees,” he said, holding a test tube with dead mites suspended in liquid. “They suck the bee bl ood, f rom the adults and f rom the larv ae, and in this way they transport a lot of diff erent pathogens, v irus, bacteria, fungus to the bees,” he said. Conv eniently, Bay er markets products to kill the mites too — one is called CheckMite —and Mr. Tritschler?s work at the center included helping desi gn a “gate” to affix to hiv es that coats bees with such chemical compounds.

There is no disputing that v arroa mites are a problem, but Mr. Muilerman said they could not be seen as the only threat.

The v arroa mite “cannot explain the massiv e die-off on its own,” he said. “We think the bee die-off is a result of exposure to multiple stressors.”

While some bees die in the winter, unusually large-scale die-offs were f irst noticed in 2006 and hav e been called “colony collapse disorder” by scientists. In 2007, a United States gov ernment panel said in that first y ear?s winter, “as much as 50 percent of all colonies were reportedly lost, demonstrating sy mptoms inconsistent with mite damage, or any other known causes of death.”

Western Europe also experienced steep declines and banned neonicotinoids in settings mostly likely to contaminate bees after the European Food Saf ety Authority raised concerns. The ban will be rev iewed af ter two y ears.

While honey bees are susceptible to many threats, like beetles and bacterial diseases, a growing body of research has focused on neonicotinoids. In October, a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences examined how Bay er?s clothianidin “adv ersely affects the insect immune response and promotes replication of a v iral pathogen in honey bees bearing cov ert inf ections.”Ms. Mansf ield, the Bay er official, did not broadly dispute such studies. “But they are, at the end of the day, laboratory res ults,” she said. “They are carried out in the laboratory quite of ten at doses that are not replicable or appropriate f or use in the f ield, in v ery laboratory controlled conditions.”

Back at the center — which has its own T witter f eed — there is the bee, and there is the mite.

Mr. Tritschler, who learned beekeeping f rom his f ather and grandf ather, took a reporter through an apiary that houses nine colonies of Bay er bees, hibernating last month in wooden boxes, some 10,000 to 15,000 a colony. He pulled out one of the head-to-toe body suits associated with beekeepers, but he does not wear one. His unif orm was dark jeans and a turtleneck sweater.

Twenty v arroa mites, he said, can turn into 1,200 in a matter of months. “Only one mite is necessary to kill more or less a whole colony,” he added.

Standing nearby, Utz Klages, a corporate spokesman, said “we hav e all the experts here.”

红色为真题部分有少量删改。

第三篇

前言

矿产资源是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。新中国成立五十多年来，矿产资源勘查开发取得巨大成就，探明一大批矿产资源，建成比较完善的矿产品供应体系，为中国经济的持续快速协调健康发展提供了重要保障。目前，中国92%以上的一次能源、80%的工业原材料、70%以上的农业生产资料来自于矿产资源。

中国高度重视可持续发展和矿产资源的合理利用，把可持续发展确定为国家战略，把保护资源作为可持续发展战略重要内容。1992年联合国环境与发展大会后，中国政府率先制定了《中国二十一世纪议程-中国二十一世纪人口、环境与发展白皮书》，2001年4月批准实施了《全国矿产资源规划》，2003年1月开始实施《中国二十一世纪初可持续发展行动纲要》。

全面建设小康社会是中国在新世纪头二十年的奋斗目标。中国主要依靠开发本国的矿产资源来保障现代化建设的需要。中国政府鼓励勘查开发有市场需求的矿产资源，特别是西部地区的优势矿产资源，以提高国内矿产品的供应能力。同时，引进国外资本和技术开发中国矿产资源，利用国外市场与国外矿产资源，推动中国矿山企业和矿产品进入国际市场，是中国的一项重要政策。中国政府认为，国外矿业公司进入中国，中国矿山企业走向世界，实现各国资源互补，对推进世界矿产资源勘查开发的共同繁荣和健康发展具有重要意义。

一、矿产资源及其勘查开发现状

中国现已发现１７１种矿产资源,查明资源储量的有１５８种，其中石油、天然气、煤、铀、地热等能源矿产１０种，铁、锰、铜、铝、铅、锌等金属矿产５４种，石墨、磷、硫、钾盐等非金属矿产９１种，地下水、矿泉水等水气矿产３种。矿产地近１８０００处，其中大中型矿产地７０００余处。

第四篇

张高丽逐步解决经济发展的不平衡、不协调和不可持续

在成都《财富》全球论坛开幕晚宴上的演讲

中华人民共和国国务院副总理张高丽

（２０１３年６月６日）

第三，我们将深入实施区域发展总体战略，加快中西部地区开发开放。地区差别和不平衡发展是中国一大问题，中西部地区地域辽阔、资源丰富、潜力巨大，是中国重要的战略发展空间、回旋余地和新的经济增长点。实施西部大开发战略１０多年取得了显著成绩。我们将以更大的力度推进中西部特别是西部开发开放，搞好规划布局，完善政策措施，加快大通道建设，大力发展优势特色产业，推进绿色、循环、低碳发展，把资源优势转化为经济优势，支持东部地区部分产业有序向中西部地区转移，统筹东中西、协调南北方，积极稳妥推进城镇化，发挥城镇化对扩内需、促发展、惠民生的潜力作用。可以相信，随着新一轮西部开发开放向纵深推进，中国经济将会增添强大活力，也可以逐步解决不平衡不协调不可持续问题。