计算机英语
计算机英语
主编：曲静
副主编：吴昕徐国奋
Task 2. Crossword puzzle
Across
1.a_________ 应用
2.g_________引导
3.s_________系统
4.I_________指令
5.a_________应用
Down
6.h_________ 硬件
7.c_________ 性能
8.c_________ 组件
Task 3. Complete the paragraph with the given words
Hardware is the physical ___________ of the __________. It is made up of four parts: Central Processing Unit, __________, input devices and output devices.
__________ refers to the programs that control the operation of the hardware. It is a series of __________ that guides a computer through some process.
Task 4. Sentence pattern transformation
1. A computer system consists of two basic parts: hardware and software.
①(一般疑问句)________________________________________________________
②(就划线部分提问)____________________________________________________
2.Hardware is the physical components of the system.
①(否定句)_____________________________________________________________
②(反意疑问句)_________________________________________________________
3.It can be divided into systems software and applications software.
①(主动语态)____________________________________________________________
②(就划线部分提问)______________________________________________________
4. Applications software applies the capabilities of a computer directly to a task that the user wishes to perform.
①(一般疑问句)__________________________________________________________
②(就划线部分提问)______________________________________________________ Task 5. Translate the underlined part
1. A complete computer system consists of two basic parts: hardware and software.
一个完整的计算机系统___________________________________________________。
2. Software refers to the programs that control the operation of the hardware.
软件指的是_______________________________________________________的程序。
3. It is a series of instructions that guides a computer through some process.
它是一连串的_____________________________________________________的指令。
4.It can be divided into systems software and applications software.
它可以被分为___________________________________________________________。Task 6. Translate sentences
1.It is made up of four parts: Central Processing Unit, memory, input devices and output devices.
2. Applications software applies the capabilities of a computer directly to a task that the user wishes to perform.
3. 系统软件支持应用程序的执行。
4. 计算机硬件是系统的物理组件。
Exercises
Task 1. Match
invention adj. 军事的
digital vt. 取代，代替
produce n. 一代
shortcoming n. 改进
military adj. 数字的
generation vt. 生产；创作
improvement n. 发明；发明物
replace n. 缺点
Task 2.
Task 3. Complete the paragraph with the given words
The world's first _________ computer was born in the United States at the university of Pennsylvania, which was called_______. The start of World War II _________a large need for computer capacity, especially for the ________. With the development of the times, the computer has ____________ four times.
Task 4. Sentence pattern transformation
1.The development of the computer has experienced four times altogether.
①(一般疑问句)__________________________________________________________
②(就划线部分提问)______________________________________________________
2.Eniac was the first computer in the world.
①(否定句)______________________________________________________________
②(反意疑问句)__________________________________________________________
3.Von neumann was known as the father of the computer.
①(主动语态)____________________________________________________________
②(就划线部分提问)______________________________________________________
4. Initially, the invention of the computer is mainly used in the military.
①(一般疑问句)__________________________________________________________
②(就划线部分提问)______________________________________________________ Task 5. Translate the underlined part
https://www.360docs.net/doc/6816503732.html,puter was one of the greatest inventions in the 20th century.
计算机是_______________________________________________________________。
2.The development of the computer has experienced four times in total.
计算机的发展___________________________________________________________。
3.Von neumann was known as the father of the computer.
冯·k诺依曼____________________________________________________________。
4. The start of World War II produced a large need for computer capacity, especially for the military.
第二次世界大战_________________________________________________________。Task 6. Translate sentences
1.A number of improvements were also made to ENIAC from 1948.
2. Once talking about computer, we have to think of the born of ENIAC.
3.你通常用计算机做什么？
4.计算机是一项伟大的发明。
Task 2. Crossword puzzle
Across
1.s________扫描仪
2.m________鼠标
3.m________主板
4.d_________决定
5.i_________插图
Down
6.c_________电路
7.b_________大脑
8.c_________命令
9.d_________显示
Task 3.
Task 4. Sentence pattern transformation
1.The board which holds the CPU is called the motherboard.
①(一般疑问句)_______________________________________________________
②(就划线部分提问)___________________________________________________
2. There are some other input devices in different computers.
①(否定句)__________________________________________________________
②(反意疑问句)______________________________________________________
3. The Memory of the computer is used to store data and commands.
①(主动语态)________________________________________________________
②(就划线部分提问)__________________________________________________
4. Speakers and headsets allow you to hear audio data through the computer.
①(被动语态)________________________________________________________
②(就划线部分提问)___________________________________________________ Task 5. Translate the underlined part
1. A hardware system consists of four basic components.
一个硬件系统________________________________________________________。
2. The board which holds the CPU is called the motherboard.
__________________________________________________________被称为主板。
3. The input devices can get new information or input into a computer.
输入设备能够________________________________________________________。4. A printer prints text or illustrations on paper.
一部打印机__________________________________________________________。Task 6. Translate sentences
1.The CPU controls the computer like a brain.
2. The monitor allows you to 'see' what you and the computer are doing together..
3. 主板是计算机最大的电路板。
4. 计算机的存储器被用来储存数据和命令。
Exercises
Task 1. Match
improper adj. 当代的
categorize adv. 有效地
classification vt. 分类
manufacturer v. 预防；阻止
contemporary adj.不适当的
enable vt. 使能够
conflicting adj. 冲突的
allocate v. 分配
efficiently n.类别
prevent n. 制造商Task 2. Crossword puzzle
Across
1.i_________ adj.不适当的
2.m_________ n. 制造商
3.a_________ v. 分配
4.c_________ vt. 分类
Down
5.c_________ adj. 当代的
6.e_________ vt. 使能够
7.p_________ v. 阻止
8.c_________ n.类别
Task 3. Complete the paragraph with the given words
The operating system is a software program that _______s the computer hardware to ________and operate with the computer software. It must decide which requests are ________d resources to operate the computer system _________and fairly. It also controls the user programs to ________errors and _________ use of the computer.
Task 4.
Task 5.
Task 6. Translate sentences
1.The operating system must decide which requests are allocated resources to
operate the computer system efficiently and fairly.
2. It controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various applications programs for various uses.
3. 操作系统可以被分为不同的类别。
4. 不同的电脑制造商使用不同的操作系统。
Task 1. Match
improve n. 生产力
application n. 滑动；幻灯片
range n. 展示；描述，陈述；介绍；赠送
productivity adj.复杂的
detailed n. 调查
investigation vt. 改善
slide n. 应用
presentation n. 范围；幅度
Task 2. Crossword puzzle
Across
1. a n. 应用
2. o n. 操作
3. i vt. 改善
Down
4. a n. 自动化
5.r n. 范围；幅度
6.s n. 滑动；幻灯片
Task 3. Complete the paragraph with the given words
Today's organizations have a variety of hardware and software components at their disposal. With science and technology, the operation of office software has been becoming more and more ,but the function has been becoming more and more .Microsoft Excel is used to create table, calculate and .is a software which is used to make and show slides.
Task 4. Sentence pattern transformation
1.Microsoft Office 2013 is a new generation of office software, which has six
versions.
①(一般疑问句)_________________________________________________________
②(就划线部分提问)______________________________________________________
2.Word can be used to edit the text, graphics, image, sound and animation, and
insert the information of other software.
①(否定句)______________________________________________________________
②(主动语态)____________________________________________________________ 3．By the late 1980s many companies had introduced spreadsheet products.
①(被动语态)____________________________________________________________
②(就划线部分提问)______________________________________________________
4. The data can then be “added up” by a formula to give a total or sum.
①(一般疑问句)__________________________________________________________
②(就划线部分提问)______________________________________________________ Task 5. Translate the underlined part
1.For example, the users can manage multiple email accounts in one place, keep
in contact with social and business network and receive voice messages and faxes in the inbox.
例如，用户可以。
2.Office Automation is the application of computer and communication
technology to improve the productivity of clerical and managerial office
workers.
办公自动化软件的应用。
3. With the development of science and technology, the operation of office software has been becoming more and more simple, but the function has been becoming more and more detailed.
随着社会和科技的发展，
4. When you want to move a section of text from one place to another, you can use Control-C to cut and Control-V to paste.
当你想要把一段文章。Task 6.
。
Exercises
Task 1. Match
internet vt. 有益于
company n. 双击
information v. 怀疑
mistake vt. 欣赏，享受；喜爱
technology adj. 流行的
popular n. 技术
benefit n. 因特网
doubt n. 信息，资料
double-click n. 公司；陪伴
enjoy n. 错误
Task 2. Crossword puzzle
Across
1. i n. 因特网
2. c n. 公司；陪伴
3. b vt. 有益于
Down
4. d v. 怀疑
5. e vt. 欣赏，享受；喜爱
6. e n.探测器
Task 3. Complete the paragraph with the given words
In the society, the has become an important part in our . People can study, watching movies, and get the news on the Internet. For our students, we get the latest information and learning materials in the Internet. Besides, we can join group discussions with other students, and the distance education on the Internet is very useful to us. It helps us to broaden our horizons. But, we should control ourselves and can not spend too much on searching the Internet.
Task 4. Sentence pattern transformation
1.When you type an internet site, firstly you are bound to type three letters ‘w ww’.
①(一般疑问句)__________________________________________________________
②(就划线部分提问)______________________________________________________
2. We should control ourselves and spend limited time on searching the internet.
①(否定句)______________________________________________________________
②(反意疑问句)__________________________________________________________
3. When you double-click the explorer, you can find any information that you want.
①(被动语态)____________________________________________________________
②(就划线部分提问)______________________________________________________
4. You can use your computer directly manipulate the remote computer, enjoy the same power of the remote computer local terminal.
①(一般疑问句)__________________________________________________________
②(就划线部分提问)______________________________________________________ Task 5. Translate the underlined part
1. Except for study, students can have fun on the Internet, such as watching movies, listening to the music and getting news.
除了学习，学生们________________________________________________________。
2.We should control ourselves and can not spend too much on searching the
Internet.
我们应该_______________________________________________________________。
3. This is the foundation of international internet network.
这是_____________________________________________________________的基础。
计算机英语实用教程课后题参考答案
课后参考答案 unit 1 〖Ex. 1〗根据课文内容，回答以下问题： 1) It is primarily responsible for executing instructions. 2) Through the monitor. 3) All processors, memory modules, plug-in cards, daughterboards, or peripheral devices can be plugged in those sockets. 4) The binary system is used. 5) Through clever formatting. 6) They are similar to each other. ROM only cannot be altered and does not lose its contents when power is removed. 7) “Mouses” 8) Floppy disks can be removed from their drives and hard disks can’t. 9) Because it is faster than many types of parallel port. 10) I/O Port.
〖Ex. 3〗把下列句子翻译为中文： 1）绝大部分计算机上键盘是主要的文本输入设备。 2）最常见的鼠标器顶部有两个按钮，左按钮是用得最多的。 3）Win 95 和其它操作系统让用户可以调节鼠标器的灵敏度。 4）有些系统向用户提供几种不同的光标显示方式供选择。 5）有些人用鼠标垫子提高鼠标球滚动的摩擦力。 6）右边第二个按钮通常提供一些不太常用的功能。 7）有些鼠标器厂家也为左撇子提供适用的鼠标驱动程序。 8）如今鼠标器是任何个人计算机用户图形界面不可分割的一部分。 9）键盘也包括某些标准功能键。 10）IBM兼容机为商用机（也可用于家庭） 〖Ex. 4〗把下列短文翻译成中文 系统前面板和普通键盘有专门控制键，用户可以使用这些控制键实现主要的多媒体功能：观相片、听音乐和看电影。前面板还有为看电视和阅读电视指南而设的快速启动按钮。 〖 〖Ex. 7〗用名词做宾语将下面汉语译成英语 1. The order of access to different locations does not affect the speed of access. 2. We typically/usually store data in Ram. (or Data is typically/usually stored in Ram.) 3. The mouse can control a pointer on the screen. 4. Some keyboards have independent shift lock and caps lock keys. 〖Ex. 8〗用that从句做宾语将下面汉语译成英语 1. You should know that you can not only read data from the disk but also write new information to it. 2. You should realize that floppies do not hold too much data. 3. Our computer teacher said that USB is much slower than Firewire. 4. I think/believe that the CPU is primarily responsible for executing instructions.
计算机专业英语期末考试考卷A卷答案
2014年上半学期计算机专业英语 期末考试试卷（A卷）答案 一、选择题 Ⅰ. Vocabulary(词汇)(30分) (一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语。)( 共10分，每题1分) 1. 操作系统 2. 需求分析 3. 网络安全 4. 数据结构 5. 决策支持系统 6. 关系数据库 7. 软件危机 8. 计算机病毒 9. 邮件附件 10．中央处理器（单元） (二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviatio ns.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。) (共10分，每题1分) 1．DBMS 2．TCP 3．MDI 4．OOP
5．ROM 6．VCD 7．CAD 8．SQL 9．USB 10．B2B （三） Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。)(10分，每空1分) 1． c 6. h 2． f 7．j 3． e 8. d 4．g 9. i 5． a 1 0. b Ⅱ. Comprehension(阅读理解) （一）
Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the lis t given below, and change the form where necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。）(10分, 每空2分) maintain disciplined requirements coding modified （二） Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) accord ing to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）（10分,每题2分）1．F 2．T 3．F 4．T 5．F (三)、choose the best answer according to the passage B.(根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。（10分，每题2分） 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C (四) Choose the best answer according to Passage C.（根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。10分，每题2分） 1．C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B Ⅲ.Translation.翻译(30分) (一) Translate the following sentences into Chinese.（将下列句子翻译成汉语。）（共20分，每题5分）
大学实用计算机英语教程第2版翻译机工版9_中文-1-1
第9单元电子商务 第一部分听力和对话 对话：使用在线支付服务保护消费者的隐私 (Henry非常兴奋地在一家网上书店中发现了自己期待已久的图书，但是当得知系统要 求通过账号支付时，他犹豫了。) Henry: 最近互联网上信用卡账号的公然欺骗无疑为我们敲响了警钟。在进行在线交易时，我们并不知道要把自己的信用卡账号告诉谁。 Mark: 也许你可以使用第三方支付服务来保证在线支付更简单、更安全。 Henry: 什么是第三方支付服务？ Sophie: 简单地说，在使用第三方支付服务时，你可以把自己的资金转移到一个在线账号中，然后从那个账号中进行支付。这样就不用把自己的真实信用卡或银号账户信息暴露在网络上了。 Henry: 这种方法听起来更安全。有哪些第三方支付服务可以方便地使用？ Mark:在美国最受欢迎的服务是eBay公司掌控的PayPal,但也有一些其他的服务，如https://www.360docs.net/doc/6816503732.html, Payment等。以最简单的支付为例，例如在线拍卖或简单的网站销售，销售商只需要向买家提供他们的E-mail地址，而买家向销售商的PayPal账号进行适当的支付。Henry: 我明白了。 Sophie: 做出选择之后，建议你留意选择更加安全服务的一些细节。 Henry: 什么是更加安全服务的一些细节呢？ Sophie: 首先，阅读隐私政策，并确保自己同意其中的条款。如果不同意，可以继续选择其他的安全服务。此外，确认网站符合权威部门规定的特定的标准（查验同意的盖章）。这些的确都是非常重要但是有时被用户忽略的步骤。 Mark: 当使用第三方支付服务时，Henry,请记住千万不要回复来自第三方支付服务机构发送的要求确认如密码或其他私人身份识别信息等与账号细节相关的电子邮件。这些邮件很可能是身份盗窃骗局，如网络钓鱼。 Henry: 那么，怎样才能更安全地确认或处理我的账号细节呢？ Sophie: 如果需要确认或更新账号信息或者修改密码，我建议你可通过个人书签或者在浏览器中直接输入支付服务网站的URL来访问相应的网站。 Henry: 如何进一步确认卖家能够提供有效的支付服务？ Mark: 你可以通过查看卖家在几个月或更长的时间内是否为支付服务机构的有效成员来确定。有些网站还允许用户查看卖家的评价，虽然这些评价并不能作为保证，但是却是非常有用的信息。 Sophie: 切记，Henry,不要用自己的账号把资金转移到一个你不认识的人的账号里。这可能是一种高级的资金诈骗。还有，当你要购买一些诸如珠宝或者计算机等昂贵的物品时，尤其是在节假日或者商铺中售出的物品时，需要多加小心。 Henry: 好的。现在我对进行安全在线支付更加有信心了。非常感谢你们的见议。 练习
计算机英语第3版课后习题答案
They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, 3版）》练习参考答案《计算机英语（第workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this Unit One: Computer and Computer Science categorization provides some Unit One/Section A indication of the computer's speed, size, cost, and abilities. I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant 1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron changes. First-generation 2. input; output computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计3. VLSI 4. workstations; mainframes 算机), introduced in the 5. vacuum; transistors early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation 6. instructions; software computers, appearing in the 7. digit; eight; byte early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum 8. microminiaturization; chip tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into transistors. In fourth-generation Chinese and vice versa: computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the 1. artificial intelligence 人工智能mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on 纸带阅读器2. paper-tape reader one chip. Fifth-generation 3. optical computer 光计算机 computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration 神经网络4. neural network with sophisticated approaches 5. instruction set 指令集 to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed 并行处理6. parallel processing processing. 差分机7. difference engine 8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese: 硅衬底 9. silicon substrate 计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的真空管10. vacuum tube 改进将使计算机的操数据的存储与处理11. the storage and handling of data 作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交超大规模集成电路12. very large-scale integrated circuit 互的技术，也将有助于创13. central processing unit 中央处理器建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括analogue 模拟计算机个人计算机14. personal computer 15. 使用生物机体的生物计算、computer 使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位数字计算机digital computer 16. DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存17. 通用计算机general-purpose computer 储数据和执行操作的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例18. 处理器芯片processor chip 子，而它们迄今还能力有operating instructions 19. 操作指令限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中20. 输入设备input device 的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。还有一些限制与甚至最微小 的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making Unit One/Section B changes if necessary: I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, 1. experimentation processes data, stores data, and 2. interfacing produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers 3. interdisciplinary are either analog or digital. 4. microprocessor
计算机英语期末考试试题
计算机英语期末考试试题 I. 单选题. (1*20) 1.A computer system includes both _________ and software. A.cable B.memories C.CPU D.hardware 2.The heart of the computer is _________ A.CPU B.BUS C.CAI D.DIV 3.Which is not input device used with microcomputers ? A.Keyboard B.Printer C.touch screen D.Mouse 4.Basically , a computer consists of four components : Central Processing Unit , _________, Input Device and Output Device. A.Memory B.Keyboard C.Monitor D.The Control Unit 5.A _________ is a small , hand-held object that is pushed around a desktop to move the cursor or pointer on the screen or to select choices from menu displayed on screen. A.keyboard B.mouse C.monitor D.printer 6.Which is "删除" in Chinese ? A.shift B.Control C.Insert D.Delete 7.__________ refers to the parts of the computer that you can see and touch. A. Software B. Hardware C. Hardship D. Instruction 8._________ is used to communicate with another computer over telephone lines A. keyboard B .modem C. printer D. Mouse 9.__________is a device that enables the computer to handle sounds. A. network card B. video card C. sound card D. Monitor 10. The display screen is the most common device used to show you what the computer is doing. A. input B. printing C. output D. electronic 11._________ is a word processing tool that helps you to create quality documents. A. Word 2003 B. Outlook 2003 C. Access 2003 D. Excel 2003 12.The first generation of computer lasted from _________ to 1958. A.1965 B.1946 C.1947 D.1970 13._________ is the application of the computer and communications technology to improve the productivity of office workers. A.CAI B.AI C.OA D.CAM 14._________ is a software system based on graphics, which can run under MS-DOS. A.Office B.Mouse C.OS D.Microsoft Windows 15.Generally software can be divided into two types: software system and _________ system. A.hardware B.DOS C.application D.Windows 16.The _________ is the part of the computer where programs and data are stored. A.Input Device B.Memory C.CPU D.CU 17. refers to data storage equipment that allows the stored data to be accessed randomly rather than just in sequence. A.Random Access Memory B.Magnetic tapes C.Disks D.ROM 18.Word processing , of course, relies on perhaps the most basic computer _________ : the keyboard. A.output device B.input device C.storage D.CPU 19._________ refers to any machine capable of representing information from a
大学实用计算机英语教程翻译-吕云翔-Unit 5
Unit 5 Section A Software Design （软件设计） Design is defined in [IEEE610.12-90] as both “the process of defining the architecture, components, interfaces, and other characteristics of a system or component ” and “the result of that process.” Viewed as a process, software design is the software engineering life cycle activity in which software requirements are analyzed in order to produce a description of the software ’s internal structure that will serve as the basis for its construction. More precisely, a software design (the result) must describe the software architecture -- that is how software is decomposed and organized into components -- and the interfaces between those components. It must also describe the components at a level of detail that enable their construction. Software design plays an important role in developing software: it allows software engineers to produce various models that form a kind of blueprint of the solution to be implemented. We can analyze and evaluate these models to determine whether or not they will allow us to fulfill the various requirements. We can also examine and evaluate various alternative solutions and trade-offs . Finally, we can use the resulting models to plan the subsequent development activities, in addition to using them as input and the starting point of construction and testing. In a standard listing of software life cycle processed such as IEEE/EIA 12207 Software Life Cycle Processes [IEEE 12207.0-96], software design consists of two activities that fit between software requirements analysis and software construction: Software architectural design (sometimes called top level design): describing software ’s top-level structure and organization and identifying the various components. Software detailed design: describing each component sufficiently to allow for its construction.
计算机英语第三版课文翻译
第一单元：计算机与计算机科学 课文A：计算机概览 一、引言 计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数字数据进行运算 或对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。 要不是由于计算机的发展，现代的高科技世界是不可能产生的。不同类型和大小的计算 机在整个社会被用于存储和处理各种数据，从保密政府文件、银行交易到私人家庭账目。计 算机通过自动化技术开辟了制造业的新纪元，而且它们也增强了现代通信系统的性能。在几 乎每一个研究和应用技术领域，从构建宇宙模型到产生明天的气象报告，计算机都是必要的 工具，并且它们的应用本身就开辟了人们推测的新领域。数据库服务和计算机网络使各种各 样的信息源可供使用。同样的先进技术也使侵犯个人隐私和商业秘密成为可能。计算机犯罪 已经成为作为现代技术代价组成部分的许多风险之一。 二、历史 第一台加法机是法国科学家、数学家和哲学家布莱斯.帕斯卡于1642年设计的，它是数 字计算机的先驱。这个装置使用了一系列带有10个齿的轮子，每个齿代表从0到9的一个数字。轮子互相连接，从而通过按照正确的齿数向前转动轮子，就可以将数字彼此相加。17世纪70 年代，德国哲学家和数学家戈特弗里德.威廉.莱布尼兹对这台机器进行了改良，设计了一台 也能做乘法的机器。 法国发明家约瑟夫―玛丽.雅卡尔，在设计自动织机时，使用了穿孔的薄木板来控制复 杂图案的编织。在19世纪80年代期间，美国统计学家赫尔曼.何勒里斯，想出了使用类似雅 卡尔的木板那样的穿孔卡片来处理数据的主意。通过使用一种将穿孔卡片从电触点上移过的 系统，他得以为1890年的美国人口普查汇编统计信息。 1、分析机 也是在19世纪，英国数学家和发明家查尔斯.巴比奇，提出了现代数字计算机的原理。 他构想出旨在处理复杂数学题的若干机器，如差分机。许多历史学家认为，巴比奇及其合伙 人，数学家奥古斯塔.埃达.拜伦，是现代数字计算机的真正先驱。巴比奇的设计之一，分析 机，具有现代计算机的许多特征。它有一个以一叠穿孔卡片的形式存在的输入流、一个保存 数据的“仓库”、一个进行算术运算的“工厂”和一个产生永久性纪录的打印机。巴比奇未 能将这个想法付诸实践，尽管在那个时代它在技术上很可能是可行的。 2、早期的计算机 模拟计算机是19世纪末开始制造的。早期型号是靠转动的轴和齿轮来进行计算的。用任 何其他方法都难以计算的方程近似数值，可以用这样的机器来求得。开尔文勋爵制造了一台 机械潮汐预报器，这实际上就是一台专用模拟计算机。第一次和第二次世界大战期间，机械 模拟计算系统，以及后来的电动模拟计算系统，在潜艇上被用作鱼雷航线预测器，在飞机上 被用作轰炸瞄准具的控制器。有人还设计了另一个系统，用于预测密西西比河流域春天的洪 水。 3、电子计算机 第二次世界大战期间，以伦敦北面的布莱切利公园为工作地点的一组科学家和数学家， 制造了最早的全电子数字计算机之一：“巨人”。到1943年12月，这个包含了1500个真空管 的“巨人”开始运转了。它被以艾伦.图灵为首的小组用于破译德国用恩尼格码加密的无线 电报，他们的尝试大部分是成功的。 除此而外，在美国，约翰.阿塔纳索夫和克利福德.贝里早在1939年就在艾奥瓦州立学院
大学实用计算机英语教程第2版翻译机工版4_中文-1-1
第4单元操作系统 第一部分听力和对话 对话：关于操作系统的讨论 （Henry想要了解更多有关于操作系统的内容，所以他在课后向Mark和Sophie请教） Henry: 一个操作系统可以实现的确切的功能是什么？ Sophie: 它控制包括视觉体验、键盘、鼠标、麦克风以及触摸屏等搜集用户需求的用户接口的关键因素。 Mark：并且在幕后，操作系统忙碌地监控发生在设备内的操作。 Henry: 我了解诸如Wind ows、iOS等很基础的操作系统，但是我认为还有其他的操作系统有很广泛的用途。 Sophie：你说的很对。操作系统可以根据它们在什么设备上使用来进行分类。 Mark：台式机操作系统是为台式机或者手提电脑而设计。你在学校、在家或在工作中使用的电脑大部分都配置有台式机操作系统，如Microsoft Wind ows，OS X，或者Chrome OS。Sophie：另外，像iOS和Android这样的操作系统被定义为移动操作系统，因为它们被设计用于手机、平板电脑、电子书阅读器。 Henry：还有其他的吗？ Sophie：当然。被部署用于网络、文件、应用、数据库、邮件服务器的电脑通常使用可以被多个用户同时使用的分布式网络的服务器操作系统。 Mark：Linux,、UNIX,、Wind ows和OS X服务器都是流行的服务器操作系统。 Henry：太棒了。操作系统究竟存在于哪里？ Mark：在一些诸如手机、电子阅读器的电子设备中，整个操作系统足够小所以可以被储存在只读存储器中。对于其他大多数的电脑，操作系统很大，所以大部分存储在硬盘上或者固态硬盘上。 Sophie：是的。在引导程序的过程中，操作系统内核被加载至随机存取存储器中。内核提供关键的操作系统服务，如内存管理、获取文件。在电脑运行的过程中，内核一直存在于随机存取存储器中。其他的部分如定制化工具，被需要的时候会加载至随机存取存储器中。Henry：我明白了！十分感谢你们。 练习 以小组的形式，用右边的其他表达式来替换文中相应的陈述，组成类似的对话。 听力理解：安卓 安卓是由谷歌和超过30家科技手机公司所组成的开放手机联盟所开发基于Linux的操作系统，是全球范围内使用最广的手机系统。安卓被作为手机设备的基础平台，使得开发者们能够充分利用手机设备能够提供的特性来开发移动应用。因为这是一个开发平台，所以仍和人都能够下载和使用安卓。金冠硬件生产商必须依附某些说明从而能够被称为“安卓兼
计算机英语课后习题第四版总结
UNIT 1 词组翻译 1. artificial intelligence 人工智能 2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器 3. optical computer 光计算机 4. neural network 神经网络 5. instruction set 指令集 6. parallel processing 并行处理 7. difference engine 差分机 8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件 9. silicon substrate 硅衬底 10. vacuum tube 真空管 11. 数据的存储与处理the storage and handling of data 12. 超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit 13. 中央处理器central processing unit 14. 个人计算机personal computer 15. 模拟计算机analogue computer 16. 数字计算机digital computer 17. 通用计算机general-purpose computer 18. 处理器芯片processor chip 19. 操作指令operating instructions 20. 输入设备input device
完形填空 We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities. Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing. 翻译P9 计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。 语音识别的改进将使计算机的操作更加容易。 虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA （脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和执行运算的计算。 这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。 科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。
计算机专业英语
计算机专业英语文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]
Chapter1 Competencies After you have read this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Explain the five parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, ?hardware, and data. 2. Distinguish between system software and application software. 3. Discuss the three kinds of system software programs. 4. Distinguish between basic and specialized application software. 5. Identify the four types of computers and the four types of microcomputers. 6. Describe the different types of computer hardware including the system unit, input, output, storage, and communication devices. 7. Define data and describe document, worksheet, database, and presentation files. 8. Explain computer connectivity, the wireless revolution, and the Internet. 第一章能力 当你阅读本章，你应该能够： 1。解释了信息系统的五个部分：人，程序，软件，
计算机英语第3版课后习题答案
《计算机英语（第3版）》练习参考答案 Unit One: Computer and Computer Science Unit One/Section A I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron 2. input; output 3. VLSI 4. workstations; mainframes 5. vacuum; transistors 6. instructions; software 7. digit; eight; byte 8. microminiaturization; chip II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1. artificial intelligence 人工智能 2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器 3. optical computer 光计算机 4. neural network 神经网络 5. instruction set 指令集 6. parallel processing 并行处理 7. difference engine 差分机 8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件 9. silicon substrate 硅衬底 10. vacuum tube 真空管 11. 数据的存储与处理 the storage and handling of data 12. 超大规模集成电路 very large-scale integrated circuit 13. 中央处理器 central processing unit 14. 个人计算机 personal computer 15. 模拟计算机analogue computer 16. 数字计算机 digital computer 17. 通用计算机 general-purpose computer 18. 处理器芯片 processor chip 19. 操作指令 operating instructions 20. 输入设备 input device III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary: We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities. Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing. IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese: 计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的改进将使计算机的操 作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创 建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、 使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存