扬州市2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练(14)及答案解析
扬州市2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（14）及答案解析
A
(2011·昆明质检，A)
I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical achievements. A newspaper reporter interviewed him why he was able to be so much more creative than the average person. What set him so far apart from others?
He responded that it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bot tle of milk from the refrigerator when he dropped the slippery bottle, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor—a real sea of milk!
When his mother came into the kitchen，instead of shouting at him, giving him a lecture or punishing him, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you h ave made! I have rarely seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up？”
Indeed, the boy did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. How would you like to do that? We could use a sponge(海绵)，a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer？” He chose the sponge and together th ey clean ed up the spilled milk.
His mother then said，“You know，what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can find a way to carry it without dropping it. ”The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could make it. What a wonderful lesson!
This famous scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes.
当记者采访一位富有创造性的杰出科学家为什么他与众不同时，这位科学家说这一切源于2岁时妈妈给他上的一课，从中我们可以意识到孩提时代的教育方法的重要性。
1．When the mother found the kitchen floor covered with milk, she ________.
A. gave the boy a lecture instead of shouting at him
B. praised the boy instead of punishing him
C. felt satisfied with the boy's trying to help himself
D. calmed down the boy and helped him find a way to clean the floor
答案：D。事实细节题。由第三、四、五段的内容可知，妈妈看到牛奶洒了一地后，首先安慰那个男孩让他镇定下来，然后帮助他找到清洁地板的方法并找到最终解决怎样用一双小手拿稳瓶子的方法，故选D。
2．The child's experience resulted in the following BUT ________.
A. offering the boy a chance to grasp the bottle
B. benefiting the boy all his life
C. helping the boy be more creative
D. making the boy realize the mistake is of value
答案：A。推理判断题。由第一段和第二段可知当这位富有创造性的科学家被采访到他为何富有创造性时，他说起两岁时的一次经历可以推断出这件事启迪了他的创造性同时也使他终生受益可知B、C正确；由尾段可推知他通过这次经历意识到了错误的价值，故只有A项不是那次经历导致的结果，故答案选A。
3．According to the passage, the way the scientist's mother used is ________.
A. instructive
B. strict
C. formal
D. strange
答案：A。推理判断题。通读文章可知妈妈的方法具有教育性、启发性和指导意义。故选A。
4．The purpose of the passage is to show ________.
A. a usual way to cultivate a child
B. a scientist's medical achievements
C. a mother's wise way of helping her child
D. the advantages of making mistakes
答案：C。推理判断题。总览文章可知作者的目的和意图是展示妈妈帮助孩子的明智的方法，故选C。
(2011·新课标卷) In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory __1__ course about 20 years ago.
The professor __2__ the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans (豆), and invited the students to __3__ how many beans the jar contained. After __4__ shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the __5__ answer, and went on saying, “You have just __6__ an important lesson about science. That is：Never __7__ your own senses.”
Twenty years later, the __8__ could guess what the professor had in mind. He __9__ himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting __10__ into an unknown world invisible (无形的) to the __11__，which can be discovered only through scientific __12__. But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even __13__ the invitation. She was just __14__ to understand the world. And she __15__ that her firsthand experience could be the __16__. The professor, however, said that it was __17__. He was taking away her only __18__ for knowing and
was providing her with no subsitute (替代). “I remember feeling small and __19__，” the woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I __20__ the course that afternoon, and I haven't gone near science since.”
本文通过一节科学课，向人们显示了教育是如何帮助人们成功的，并且这堂课向学生显示了人们不能凭感觉做事，对于一些无形的东西，只能通过科学方法才能发现。
1．A.art B．history
C．science D．math
答案：C。从第二段第6空后可知，此处应填science。science course科学课。
2．A.searched for B．looked at
C．got through D．marched into
答案：D。教授走进演讲大厅。search for寻找；look at看；get through完成，打通；march into走进。根据句意D项正确。
3．A.count B．guess
C．report D．watch
答案：B。教授让学生们猜猜缸里有多少豆子。count数；guess猜；report报告；watch 看，观看，因为豆子装在缸里，同学们只有猜一下有多少。并且4空后出现了guess一词。
4．A.warning B．giving
C．turning away D．listening to
答案：D。根据上下文意思可知，同学们喊出答案，教授听到他们错误的猜测，而笑了。
5．A.ready B．possible
C．correct D．difficult
答案：C。因同学们的答案错误，所以教授给出正确答案，correct与wrong相对。
6．A.learned B．prepared
C．taught D．taken
答案：A。你们学到了关于科学的重要一课。learn...about...学会关于……的知识。prepare 准备；teach 教；take拿走。
7．A.lose B．trust
C．sharpen D．show
答案：B。根据上文可知，同学们凭感觉给出了错误的答案，所以教授说：永远不要相信自己的感觉。lose失去；trust相信；sharpen变锋利；show显示。
8．A.lecturer B．scientist
C．speaker D．woman
答案：C。此处指上文提到the woman，也就是指说上面的人，因此填speaker。
9．A.described B．respected
C．saw D．served
答案：C。describe描述；respect尊敬；see看见；serve服务。当他鼓励他的学生对未知世界进行有趣的航行时，他自己看到了。
10．A.voyage B．movement
C．change D．rush
答案：A。voyage航行；movement运动；change改变；rush冲刺。根据9空解析，A项正确。
11．A.professor B．eye
C．knowledge D．light
答案：B。未知世界对人眼来说是无形的，故B项正确。
12．A.model B．senses
C．spirit D．methods
答案：D。未知世界只有通过科学方法才能发现。model模型；sense感官，感觉；spirit 精神；method方法。
13．A.hear B．make
C．present D．refuse
答案：A。17岁的女孩不能接受，甚至也不听他的激励。hear听；make成为；present呈现；refuse拒绝。
14．A.suggesting B．beginning
C．pretending D．waiting
答案：B。对于一个17岁的女孩来说，她只是刚刚开始理解这个世界。begin to do sth.开始干某事。
15．A.believed B．doubted
C．proved D．explained
答案：A。她相信她的第一手经验就是对的。believe相信；double怀疑；prove证明；explain 解释。
16．A.growth B．strength
C．faith D．truth
答案：D。growth成长；strength力气；faith信仰；truth正确。根据15题的解释D项正确。
17．A.firm B．interesting
C．wrong D．acceptable
答案：C。由however可知此处表转折，尽管她认为她的想法是对的，但是教授认为她的想法是不对的。firm坚定的；interesting有趣的；wrong错误的；acceptable可接受的。
18．A.task B．tool
C．success D．connection
答案：B。从上文可知这个小女孩凭经验，凭感觉来了解世界，而教授认为不对，因此教授把她了解世界的途径、工具拿走了。
19．A.cruel B．proud
C．frightened D．brave
答案：C。根据下文可知，这个女孩再也没有听教授上课，表示教授的做法和观点使得她害怕了。cruel残酷的；proud自豪的；frightened害怕的；brave勇敢的。
20．A.dropped B．started
C．passed D．missed
答案：A。因为害怕，所以下午就没来上课。drop在此表示“辍学”。miss“错过”。
C8[2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] B
The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert(警觉). Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus—until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment，but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb，a key，an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make，as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to
spots.
60．The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby's________．
A．sense of hearing
B．sense of sight
C．sense of touch
D．sense of smell
61．Babies are sensitive to the change in ________．
A．the size of cards
B．the colour of pictures
C．the shape of patterns
D．the number of objects
62．Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?
A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.
B．To see how babies recognize sounds.
C．To carry their experiment further.
D．To keep the babies' inter est.
63．Where does this text probably come from?
A．Science fiction.
B．Children's literature.
C．An advertisement.
D．A science report.
【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文。通过变化纸上的黑点及鼓的敲打次数对婴儿的视觉、听觉进行实验。
60．B推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“She stares at it carefully.”可知，本段是对孩子的视觉进行实验。故选B。
61．D事实细节题。根据文章第二段中的“Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two.”可知D正确。
62．C推理判断题。文章第一段描述对孩子的视力进行实验，接下来用鼓来对孩子的听力继续实验。所以选C。
63．D推理判断题。纵观文章，这是一篇医学实验报告，所以选D。
C8[2013·浙江卷] B
Below is a selection from a popular science book.
If blood is red, w hy are v eins(静脉) blue?
Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish colour. Although blood looks red when it's outside the body, when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it's more of a dark reddish purple colour. At the right depth, these blood－filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.
Which w orks harder, your heart or your brain?
That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.
Why do teeth fall out, and w hy don't they gro w back in gro w n－ups?
Baby(or“milk”) t eeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you're done. When they're gone, they're gone. This is because nature figures you're set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.
Do old people shrink as they age?
Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn't because they're shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力). Many(but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3－4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don't really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it's because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.
Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?
Because your brain gets confused between what you're seeing and what you're feeling. The brain senses that you're spinning using special gravity－and－motion－sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you're moving while you're not!
Where do feelings and emotions come from?
Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area—from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.
If exercise w ears you out, ho w can it be good for you?
Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it's “use it, or lose it”！It's not that exercise makes you healthy; it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.
46. What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?
A. Blue.
B. Light yellow.
C. Red.
D. Dark reddish purple.
47．Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?
A. Because their s pine is in active use.
B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity.
C. Because they keep growing backwards.
D. Because their spine becomes more bent.
48．Which of the following statements about our brain is true?
A. In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B. When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.
C. The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
D. Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
49．What is the main purpose of the selection?
A. To give advice on how to stay healthy.
B. To provide information about our body.
C. To challenge new findings in medical research.
D. To report the latest discoveries in medical science.
【要点综述】本文是一篇常见的应用文，主要向读者介绍了与我们人体相关的一些知识和信息。
46．D考查细节理解。从第一则中的“…it's more of a dark reddish purple colour.”可知，血液应该是深紫红色，所以答案选D项。
47．D考查细节理解。从第四则中的“They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse…”可知，由于脊柱的弯曲，所以导致老年人看起来有点矮了，所以答案选D项。
48．A考查细节理解。从第二则中的“But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.”可知，脑子要比心脏更努力、更辛苦，所以答案选A项。
49．B考查写作意图。从全文知，这是一篇医学科技类的文章，主要介绍了与我们人体相关的一些知识，所以B项能很好地概括全文。