新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材写作教程第三单元 语法和练习部分参考答案.doc

第三单元语法部分参考答案

PART III GRAMMAR

-ing and -ed forms of verbs

Reference for the Classroom Activities

a_ That woman who is laughing is my mother.

b. Finally. they found the treasure that had been hidden.

c. ~is is the place that is most frequently reported in the press.

d. The boy who was enchanted stared at the screen, mouth wide open.

Now, ask students to summarize the use of the -ing and -ed forms as modifiers Summary

1.The –ing form of a verb is used when the action described by the verb continues to

happen or when the relationship between the modified and the verb is active.

2.The –ed form of a verb is used when the action is completed at the time another

action occurs or when the relationship between the modified and the verb is

passive.

Nouns

Reference for the Classroom Activities

a. development of career educators

b. readjustment of the flight timetable

c. money problems of high-school art education

d. country for family vacation

e. the study of the growth of childhood personality

Now, ask students to summarize the rules of using nouns as modifiers. Summary

Nouns can be put ahead of another noun as its modifiers in English; but too manly nouns clustered can cause ambiguity and misunderstanding. Very often the maximum of nouns as modifiers is two, though sometimes this number may be exceeded. So the guiding principle for noun modifiers is that they shouldn’t pose too much difficulty to the reader’s comprehension.

Adverbs

Reference for the Classroom Activities

a.drive breezily (modifying the verb)

b.strangely beautiful(modifying the adjective)

c.too slowly(modifying the adverb)

d.Firstly,1et’s listen to Dr．Smith’s report on his latest research．(modifying the

whole sentence)

Now, ask students to summarize the rules of using adverbs as modifiers Summary

An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or even a whole sentence. It usually appears after the verb it modifies but before the adjective or the adverb. If it modifies the whole sentence, it can appear either at the beginning or at the end.

Problems with modifiers

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1．The problem with these phrases is the redundancy of modifiers．The modifiers are useless for they do nothing but repeat what the following nouns say．Useless modifiers can make your writing repetitious and wordy．

2．a. The notice said nothing else．

b. People other than visitors were not invited to see the exhibits．

c. The visitors were invited to do nothing but see the exhibits on the third floor．

D. There might be exhibits on other floors but the visitors were invited to see those the third floor.

Now．ask students to summarize the problems with modifiers.

Summary

1.One problem is about useless modifiers. A useless modifier adds nothing to the

meaning of the modified but redundancy.

2.Another problem is concerned with misplaced modifiers. Clear writing demands

that modifiers be put as close as possible to the word or phrase being modified. PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES

1. a. When I was assigned a certain task, I did it to my best ability

b. Fog can cause blindness.

c. Recently 1 joined a social club which raises money for the care of needy

children, and we meet every Wednesday afternoon.

d. An essay should be understandable to the reader.

e. Many items are expensive at discount stores.

f. Bears that have just come out of hibernation are usually hungry and dangerous

g. The author should have shortened the story by half.

h. The city's environmental surroundings are not the most comfortable

i. I learned certain facts that I believe are vital to every freshman.

2. a. simmer: cook food gently at or just below boiling point

sauté: fry quickly in a little hot fat

bake: cook by using direct heat in an oven

b. Other verbs about cooking include roast, steam, braise, fry, deep-fry, boil, poach,

scramble, grill, stew, curry, baste, barbecue.

3. a. For dinner we had barbecued steaks and sweet corn.

b. Last week my brother John joined an insurance company.

c. He is not a friendly and easy-going colleague.

d. Our view of the sea at sunset was splendid / breathtaking.

e. It was a fine day to play outdoors.

f. What impressed me most about the city was the hustle and bustle in the streets

4.. There are seize, hurl, choke, blind, leap, flee, etc

5. a. I admire Jenny's long black glossy hair so much.

b. The fearless explorer finally landed at the South Pole.

c. Fast driving on a smooth road can be great fun.

d. John and I often wrote each other long e-mails full of jokes

e. The pale skinny woman fainted suddenly.

6. a. I invited the visiting professor to the English Club.

b. Shooting stars warn us of catastrophe.

c. The deleted sentence was unnecessary.

d. Stephanie tiptoed up the carpeted steps.

e. The students attending the art school are highly active.

f. The taped dollar bill split in half.

g. Amy was the only winning contestant who was below 10

h. The freshly painted house shone in the sun.

7, a. indescribably b. dark

c. occasional

d. steadily

e. surely, bad

f. terribly

8. a. At his mother's request, he agreed to wait at least a year before getting married.

b. Half of the girls in town were in love with Ben, but he wanted to marry

Christine only.

c. John hopes that in the years to come he can be as successful as his father has been.

d. The winner of the contest ate almost three dozen frankfurters.

e. Debbie knew that chicken when fried always pleased Ed.

f. Mary could not resist the temptation to whisper in her friend's ear about what she had seen.