2018届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--选词填空-(带答案精准校对加强版)

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

You may still remember the “Eight Minutes of Tokyo” in the closing ceremony of the Rio Olympics last August. Even if the Tokyo Games wasn’t going to be here for another four years, the performance of the new host successfully (31) the show with its famous animated characters – Doraemon, Hello Kitty and Super Mario.

It was a wise choice since there is probably nothing that shouts “Japan” more loudly than the country’s animation, known as “Japanimation”. And this year (32) the 100th anniversary of the very first Japanese cartoon, made in 1917.

In the past century, the wild imagination of Japanese animators continued to feed our (33)______. Monsters, fairies, robots and magic feature often in their work. It has also been inspiring film industries in other parts of the world. The (34) story of Disney’s The Lion King (1994), for example, actually comes from Japan’s Kimba the White Lion. And the 1999 Hollywood (35)________ film, The Matrix, was also (36)________ influenced by the 1989 Japanese manga Ghost in the Shell .

“I love his films. I study his films. I watch his films when I’m looking for(37) ,” John Lasseter, director of Pixar’s Toy Story, once said about famous Japanese animator Hayao Miyazaki. And our (38) for this imaginary world is only growing.

At the end of last year, for example, the story of Japanese cartoon Pokemon (was brought to life with the help of augmented reality technology. People in many countries are often seen searching for Pokemon in real life locations through the screens of their phones. They play it on their way to school, to work, and during holiday outings. Although Pokemon began as a video game a year before the cartoon came out, people should give the an imation a “Thanks” for bringing it to a wider audience.

Besides being a source of entertainment, Japanese animation is also a (39) force of our daily lives. For example, wearing glasses used to be considered as uncool and geeky (书呆子气的), but after the 1981 TV animation Arale (《阿拉蕾》), in which there is a heavily-nearsighted girl with wings and magic powers, glasses soon became fashionable. And the language we use –the word meng (萌), to name one – is also (40) from Japanese animation.

But interestingly, with all the imagination that is so admired by modern fans, it would still be hard for Japanese animators in 1917 to believe that the two-dimensional worlds that they were creating at the time would have such a big influence in today’s three-dimensional world.

Keys: 31-40 B F K H G D E A C J

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Movies, TV shows, and video games have helped humanity paint a mental picture of what aliens might look like if we ever run into them, but most of the time those (31)_______ depictions have little or no scientific backing whatsoever. Researchers searching for extraterrestrial life don’t (32)______ know exactly what they’re looking for, but based on what we’ve learned about humanity’s rise there’s a handful of things nature tells us that are required for advancement of a civilization. In the book “The Future of Humanity,” author Michio Kaku attempts to answer the incredibly difficult question of what aliens might look like, and this time it’s not just a guess.

Kaku consulted with exobiology experts and theorists who specialize in hypothetical alien life forms which have developed on far-off worlds much different from Earth. Using that accumulated knowledge, Kaku came up with a very basic list of (33)______ that any intelligence alien race would need to have in order to reach a level similar to humanity.

As the New York Post reports, the requirements that Kaku has dreamt up are (34)______ the

same capabilities that scientists believe have allowed humans to progress in the way that we have: Thumbs –Scientists have long believed that (35) _______which led to opposable thumbs was a huge factor in the rise of primates(灵长类). A method of (36)_______objects allows for the making of tools which, it is thought, is one of the very earliest signs of intelligence as we know it. It makes sense that aliens would have followed a similar path.

Language –This one is a bit tricky because it’s incredibly non-specific. The key here isn’t just the ability to communicate with each other in the moment — many animals have species-wide methods of vocal communication that could be considered language —but also to relay information and pass it down between generations. This allows the (37)________ of knowledge over long periods of time and gives new members of a species the chance to (38)______ and “stand on the shoulders” of those who came before them.

These (39)________ obviously sound a lot like what we’re all born with, which makes perfect sense. However, within this very basic outline there’s plenty of room for v ariation. If aliens only need two eyes, a gripping appendage(附属肢体), and some kind of language in order to have caught up with humans, there’s really no telling what form their bodies have actually taken, especially on planets with chemical (40)______ far different from Earth.

Keys: 31-40 G F J E K C B H I A

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Oumuamua, an object tumbling(翻转)through space hat was discovered on October 19th, has already made (31)______. The speed at which it is moving relative to the sun means that it cannot

be (32)_______ to the solar system. Its official designation(称号) is thus II /2017 U1, with the “I”

(33) for" interstellar (星际的)”－the first time this designation has ever been used.

That is exciting. Some scientists, though, (34)______ an even more exciting possibility: what if Oumuamua is not an asteroid(小行星) as most think, but an alien(外星的) spacecraft? Asteroids come in all sorts of shapes and sizes, but Oumuamua seems particularly odd. As best as astronomers can tell, it is cigarlike, being (35)______180 metres long but only about 30 metres wide. That makes it longer and thinner than anything known of in the solar system. Such a shape would be a (36)_____ choice for a spaceship, since it would minimize the scouring(冲刷) effect of interstellar dust.

With that in mind the Breakthrough Listen Project, an organization devoted to (37) ______ for alien life, plans to turn the world’s biggest steerable radio telescope, the Green Bank instrument in Virginia, towards oumuamua to see if it can hear anything interesting. Oumuamua is (38)_______ about twice as far from Earth as Earth is from the sun. At that range, the telescope should be (39)____enough to pick up a transmitter about as powerful as a mobile phone after just a few seconds-worth of observations.

Will it find anything? Almost certainly not, Oumuamua has the same reddish colour as many asteroids, so presumably has a similar (40)_____. And, if it really is a spaceship, it is odd that signs of its artificial origin have not been seen already and also odd that it is tumbling. It could, in theory, be deserted. But in that case the telescope is unlikely to hear anything. By far the most likely option is that it is exactly what it seems to be: a wandering hunk of space rock, although one that has come to the solar system from the vast voids between the stars.

Keys: 31-40 D J G B K C A I F E

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Innovation, the elixir of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the industrial revolution hand weavers were (31) aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has (32) many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-century middle-class life.Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.

For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such disruption is a natural part of rising (33) . Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more (34) society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was (35)________on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered (36) , but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has (37) , but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers.

Optimism remains the right starting-point,but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its (38) . Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge,in the short term income gaps will widen,causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics.Technology's (39) will feel like a tornado （旋风）, hitting the rich world first, but (40) sweeping through poorer countries too.No government is prepared for it.

Keys: 31-40 J B K G C F I A E D

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food (31) at the supermarket. Since you really (32)_______yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help (33) some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket－including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up－is a choice architect.

Governments don't have to (34) healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans.Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect－one that encourages us to choose what is best－we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with (35) hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.

The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to (36) foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains (37) by looking at the lights on the package.

A green light (38) that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be (39) ; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in (40) . The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.

Keys: 31-40 G C I F E B K J A H

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.