扬州英语培训-雅思写作论证方法解析_曹美玲

扬州英语培训-雅思写作论证方法解析_曹美玲
扬州英语培训-雅思写作论证方法解析_曹美玲

雅思写作论证方法解析

朗阁海外考试研究中心曹美玲

扬州朗阁雅思英语

论证,就是对每个中心句展开的拓展手法,也叫做支持句,无疑是写作中很重要的一部分。既体现了考生的逻辑思维能力,也是整篇文章语言应用最充分的体现。一方面,对于绝大多数考生而言,完成议论文正文的论证部分并不容易:他们的作文明显表现出论证单薄、内容空洞等问题。另一方面,写作的评分标准中有两项针对考生论证实力的检测,分别为写作任务的完成度和表达的连贯统一性。因此,如何全面掌握和正确使用各种论证方法是考生写作备考中亟待解决的问题。写作的论证方法有很多,最常用的有扩展主题句(讲道理)、假设论证、因果论证、举例论证、对比论证和列数据。本文中,朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家将以一道题目为切入点,深刻解析各种论证方法的灵活应用。

例如:Some people think that teachers should be responsible for teaching students how to judge right and wrong and how to behave well. Some say that teachers should only teach students about academic subjects. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

中心句:

For one thing, offering academic knowledge can contribute to s tudents’achievement.

一、使用扩展主题句展开

扩展主题句也就是我们常说的说理论证,就是将主题句中的名词讲清楚——抽象名词具体化,常用的引出词有in other words、that is to say、because、to be more precise等。以上题目中,可以很明显看出需要我们展开的抽象名词有academic knowledge和students’ achievement。我们就可以思考,学习什么样的知识可以带来什么样的好处呢?所以我们就可以从这2个方面进行扩展成:

That is to say, in primary school, children should be instilled the ability of spelling Chinese characters and basic mathematical knowledge, which ensure them mastering the common sense in daily life and offering the first step of further education.

二、使用假设论证和因果论证展开

假设论证通常是对中心句的关键点进行假设,用条件状语从句和目的状语从句引出。常用引导词有if和without。因果论证通常是把中心句作为条件,然后对所带来的结果进行拓展,常用引导词有as a result、therefore、when等等。由于假设论证和因果论证有紧密的逻辑关系,我们可以同时使用来论证一个论点,但是论证的概念尽量不重复。所以,本题中我们就可以假设没有知识的人会怎么样,以及有了知识以后的好处,但两者切入点避免重复,从不同角度切入论证。

When students have a good command of academic subjects, such as, …, they can obtain the priority to further education. If they fail to master those knowledge, it is difficult to seek a bright future.

三、使用举例论证展开

使用举例论证,尽量避免使用个人和身边人的例子,由于雅思写作是学术性写作,我们一般采用国外名人的例子会更有说服力,所以建议考生们平时多注重知识的积累。当分论点具体体现在人、事物和场合上时,请注意内部的逻辑。此外,举例时,例子不需要详细展开,注意适可而止。当举不出名人例子时,我们可以将小的例子扩大化、模糊化到某个人或者某些国家来表示,避免过强的主观性。例如这个题目我们就可以假设某个学生来例证。

For instance, if a student fails to perform well in passing math, English, physics, and literature, he or she will be doomed to gain a failure in entering into university which can offer a diploma, thus, students will be handicapped by lack

of required academic knowledge.

四、使用对比论证展开

对比论证是在无话可说时的救命稻草。特别是要对两件事物进行比较时,我们都可以用对比论证来进行展开,比较有说服力。对比论证通常分成两种:一是具体情况的正反对比,二是过去与现在的对比。本题中,我们就可拿有知识的学生的成就以及没有知识的学生的成就来对比论证出学知识的重要性。对于第二种对比手法,科技类的文章用得比较频繁。比如要说明科技改变人们的通讯方式,我们就可以从过去的通讯方式以及现在的通讯方式进行比较。本题中,我们就可以比较过去的知识与成就以及现在的知识与成就的关联来突出其重要性。

In the past, the development of society was not as rapid as now, it is unnecessary to be equipped with a large quantity knowledge, however, nowadays, driven by scientific and technological breakthroughs, only when students own as much knowledge as others domestic and abroad, can they become more competitive, which is the basic obligation of teachers in current situation in China.

五、使用列数据展开

数据法需要考生平时有一定的积累,是一种比较有说服力的论证手法。当数据不确定时,合理的估计数值也可以尝试去使用,但是要避免使用瞎编乱造脱离实际的数据。例如,本题中我们就可以说据调查,百分之多少的成功人士都是受过高等教育的,绝大部分的底层工人都是低学历甚至是文盲。

总之,合理有效地把握各种论证手法,才能灵活展开自己的论点。朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家通过长期的总结与研究,认为每个分支观点后的支持句至少2-3句,可以继续多发挥几句,但不要超过5句,同一段可以使用多个论证手法,但不是说每一段都得使用到这几种方法。将论证方法分散到你的论据中,不要成了填空式作文。

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雅思写作如何举例子

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置是不是结合了刚才的论点?如果生硬的例子在逻辑上不通顺,那么还不如采用报纸和电视上的报道,切不可为举例而举例。 3、对模板范文中的例子加以改造,再去背诵 对于烤鸭们来说,范文的作用不仅是背诵,更是学习和超越:所以切不可将范文里的例子直接搬过来使用。一来那么多烤鸭都在复习考试,难免有人同样看过了这篇范文,甚至写了相似的例子;二来范文本身的例子是配合他的观点展开的,与你自己的写作不一定能好好结合。所以在非常不建议大家生搬硬套,影响自己的得分。 总之举例这种论证方法虽然好用,本质上还是对逻辑核心的补充,不可能改变论点上欠缺的东西。为了更好地拿分,你应该从论点展开时就开始构思举例论证的因果链,平时也可以多精读些雅思*,利用它们来学习改进。 雅思写作Task2社会类考官范文 When people move to another country, some of them decide to follow the customs of the new country. Others prefer to keep their own customs. Compare these two choices. Which one do you prefer? Model Answer:

雅思写作流程图解析

雅思写作流程图解析 朗阁海外考试研究中心刘雅敏 相比较其它小作文题型,雅思写作中的流程图对于很多考生来说都会感觉束手无策,尤其 是拿到题目时无从下手。这主要是由流程图的考察重点决定的。不同于图表题型在表达方 式上的固定,流程图更加能够考察考生“真正的”词汇量。虽然流程图出题频率不算高(去 年48场A类考试中,流程图出现6次),且普遍集中在工业生产过程和自然现象这两类,但题材差距很大,2014年的6场考试以及今年出现的2次流程图的具体题材如下: 由于题材不同,所以每次考试的词汇要求都不同,这无疑增加了考生的备考难度。 另外,一般情况下流程图都是以图片而非数字形式出现,所以有不少刚接触流程图的同学 认为它更接近大作文的语言风格。其实不然,流程图的文章风格偏客观描述,而且与其它 小作文题型一样,流程图还有一个特点——主要扩展顺序为时间顺序,这一点不同于大作 文主要以逻辑顺序为扩展顺序。无论大作文还是小作文,逻辑性是一切文章的灵魂,而要 想使流程图的写作逻辑严密,就要按照时间顺序展开,并加入恰当的时间顺序连接词。 除了小作文的共性外,流程图又有自身在表达方式上的特殊要求。具体而言,要注意两点:动词的使用和三大句型的运用。 一、动词的使用

考生面临的比较普遍的问题就是:图里面的词汇可能认识的只有一半,碰到这种情况,考 生应尽量猜,运用常识和看图猜词意。图里面可能会给出一定数量的动词,也可能没有给出。具体而言,一般会出现三种情况: 1. 图详细+注解详细 流程图中出现过的词汇可以使用一次,第二次出现的时候尽量换成其同义词甚至可以是近 义词。但即使猜出了大概含义,找出同义替换仍然比较困难。对此,有两种解决方案: 1). “名词动用”,如果原图给出了某个词的名词形式,在你的作文中可以将其转变成该词 的动词形式。同理,形容词可以换成副词(通常在该形容词后加-ly),副词变成形容词。 比如剑桥真题6 Test 3的范文中:原图第二个步骤中的“food”, 作者改成了动词“feed”。 2). 根据“下义词”,找出其“上义词”,比如说“furnace”(熔炉)在“玻璃瓶的回收”之类的 流程图中都会出现,我们称之为“下义词”(即含义较具体),而其“上义词”(即概括性较 强的表达)可以是“a container”。 2. 图详细+注解简略 这种情况要求考生把图片中出现的、而注解中表述比较简略而省掉的信息运用考生会的表 达方式补充出来,尤其注意动词的使用。比如:“玻璃瓶的回收”这一流程中有个步骤是把 碎玻璃倒进熔炉里面将其融化,图片画得较详细:一个椭圆形的鼎样容器,上面画的温度 计显示融化玻璃的具体温度数值,燃料是用木炭还是煤炭还是天然气……但下面的注解可 能只有三个单词:the melting process。显然,我们不可能只用这三个单词描述这一步骤,原因很简单,即考生都熟悉的一个悲剧——图描述完了,字数没写够!遇到这种情况,建议考生用自己的话把图表信息补充完整。 3. 图简略+注解更简略 同样还是以“玻璃瓶的回收”流程为例,其中一个步骤是玻璃瓶被重塑成新瓶子、并注入相 应液体产品后,被卡车送到超市,消费者购买并使用。该步骤在原图中只出现了两个名词——“supermarket”和“customers”。实战中有相当数量的考生只用一句话说完了这个步骤(比如:These bottles are transported by trucks to supermarkets, and then they would be bought by consumers.)。这种写法与上面的写法后果是一样的——

雅思写作题目解析:年轻人不快乐的原因

雅思写作题目解析:年轻人不快乐的原因抽象类: In some countries, young people are not only richer but also safer and healthier than ever before. However, they are less happy. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest? 在一些国家,年轻人更加富有,安全,健康,但是,他们还是不快乐,原因何在,如何解决? 思路拓展:幸福的源泉 1. 做自己喜欢的事情 2. 学习的乐趣 3. 朋友带来的乐趣 4. 生活的简单轻松 5. 梦想的实现年轻人不快乐的根源: 客观上: 1. 有些青少年来自单亲家庭,或者是暴力家庭,缺乏温暖和关爱,很难快乐。 2. 应试教育和填鸭教学使很多成长中的年轻人不堪重负,更谈不上发展自己的兴趣爱好,放松休闲,所以,很多年轻人不快乐。 主观上:

1. 幸福感其实和自我的期待值相关,欲望好像是盐水,越喝越渴。有时候,年轻人想要提升自我,但是,又缺乏力量,想要后退,又不甘心,欲求不得的焦虑正是不快乐的根源之一。 2. 罗素在论及快乐的时候提及朋友和爱好能够是快乐的重要源泉,所以,个人爱好很少以及交际圈很小的人,很难获得更多快乐。 解决策略: 1. 父母承担对于子女的责任,为他们营造快乐健康的成长环境。 2. 教育者协助学生们调整心态,同时,缓解学业负担,丰富校园活动。 3. 年轻人积极交友,培养乐观人生态度,发展个人爱好,获得更多快乐源泉。 原创语料库: 1. numerous youngsters = a great many teenagers = a number of young people n 很多年轻人 2. youngsters = teenagers = adolescents = the young = young adults = those who are in the formative years n 年轻人 3. acquire = attai n 二 obtai n v 获得... 4. well-being = pleasure = happiness n 幸福 5. feel cheerful = feel delighted = feel happy v感到快

解读雅思大作文之问题解决类论证方法

解读雅思大作文之问题解决类论证方法 在雅思写作中我相信,考生在遇到问题解决类题目时,如果只是想到原因,却提不出任何解决策略,那么这篇文章即使有了大体结构也终会散架。今天,前程百利小编为大家解读如何论证解读雅思大作文中的问题解决类题目。 问题解决类常见论证方法有两种,大体框架为:问题+原因+措施。 第一种段落框架: 第一段:背景句+引出话题 第二段:原因1+措施1 第三段:原因2+措施2….可以有更多段落 第四段:总结建议+预测 第二种段落框架: 第一段:背景句+引出话题 第二段:原因1;原因2;原因3 第三段:措施1;措施2;措施3….可以有更多段落 第四段:总结建议+预测 第一种结构条理较为清晰,提出原因后紧随着解决措施,而第二种是提出全部原因后再提出各自的解决方法。如果考生逻辑性不强的话,很容易混淆。因此,考生要

结合自身实际情况采取不同的写作方法。 备考雅思大作文之问题解决类需要考生在平时多积累一些相关素材,以免在考试中没有思路,无从下手。 接下来就让我们来练一练吧! 例:It is said that people’s life now is becoming more and more stressful. What are the causes and how to solve it? 题目中的关键词为stressful。不管是学生还是职场人,或多或少都会有一定的压力,这就要看我们在面对压力的时候如何解决了。 因此,我们可以从以下角度去考虑原因以及解决策略。 Causes: 1. people's living rhythm has been promoted 2. social competition deprives their spare time 3. people have to shoulder the responsibility Solutions: 1. go in for some sports games 2. communicate with others frequently 3. find a balance between money and health

至雅思写作大作文真题解析

年月至月雅思写作大作文真题解析

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题目类别教育与科技提问方式利弊判断 考试题目 Some people say that playing computer games is bad for children in every aspect. Others say that playing computer games can have positive effects on the way children develop. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 分析:教育与科技、教育与媒体可谓是雅思考试的热点,而且这些话题跟广大考生们息息相关。平时对生活多一些思考,备考期间针对话题词汇和句型多写多练,这些都是理想分数的 保障。 文章结构:4段 首段:导入话题,表达立场。 主题段1:玩电脑游戏对孩子的各方面有害。 主题段2:玩电脑游戏对孩子的成长有利。 结尾段:总结上文,重申立场。 In recent years, the prevalence of computer games has exerted a significant effect on children’s life. As to whether they affect children negatively, there is an endless debate. Despite the fact that playing computer games is an effective way to relieve pressure, the problems associated with study and health cannot be neglected. Clearly, playing computer games is regarded as a main factor leading to poor academic performance. With the entertaining nature, computer games will easily distract children from their studious pursuits. With the passage of time, children will probably fall behind their peers in academic development. In addition, when children spend too much time playing computer games, they are less likely to participate in physical activities, which is one reason why many children suffer from obesity. As a result, these overweight children’s confidence may be undermined and their health may be negatively influence as well. Despite these disadvantages, the advantages can still not be ignored. First of all, the latest research shows that game-playing helps children to home their communication and interpersonal skills. In many cases, players work together in teams to achieve goals, competing against other players. Therefore, their social skills and teamwork spirit are put to the test. Also, computer games can have positive and therapeutic effects on players. Games provide an opportunity for children to decompress and tune out of strains and stresses of everyday life. Giving their time to rest is critical for emotional and mental well-being. In conclusion, it is not advisable for children to play computer games, for the reasons that it not only has a negative impact on their study, but also makes them lose confidence, although computer games provide a form of relaxation.

论证方法

雅思议论文,不管是双边论证还是单边论证,论据的扩展是非常重要的,只有合理逻辑的对一个理由进行论证,才能说服考官相信你的论证是有理的。而合理的扩展有了素材后还需要一些方法的补充。常见的方法有列数据(raising figures)、比较说明(contrast & comparison)、举例子(exemplification)、让步(making concession)、引用(quotation),解释说明(explanation)、等。议论文是雅思写作中比较困难的一部分,只有考前掌握了这些方法,才有可能考一个满意的分数。 1、列数据(raising figures) 句型: As is reported/ investigated/ researched, … It is reported that … A recent research conducted by …Bureau reveals that… 雅思写作中列数据的论证方法较讲道理更有说服力,我们要在平时生活中多做积累才能应付列举考试中出现的各个话题的一些相关数字。雅思考试中的数据其实可以分成两大类,一类是有科学依据的,明确记载的数据,如一些新闻事件,四川地震、公交车自燃等的死亡或受伤人数,这些都是可查询的,如若考生对这些数据没有切实的把握就不需列举。另一类是指一些调查报告的数据,如大学生平均一天花多少时间自习,初中生平均一天花多少时间玩电脑游戏等,这类数据无据可依,考生完全可以自己根据论证内容给出数据,但一定要符合逻辑。我们通过一例来使用列数据的论证方法: Eg. The retired people tend to offer service for the benefits of the family and the community. 要对这样一个topic sentence做列数据的扩展,我们首先要找到可列数据的点,此题有两处,一是退休老人的年龄,二是所花时间。结合上述句型,得出论证过程如下: As is reported, the average time that the retired within the age group above 65 spend on the family and the community is at its length of about 5 hours per day. 2、比较说明(contrast & comparison) 雅思考生可以拿相同或相反的事物做比较,相同关系叫对照(comparison),相反关系叫对比(contrast)。此类论证我们重点掌握一些对比对照关系的连词: In contrast, by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas Likewise, similarly 3、举例子(exemplification) 句型:

雅思写作案例分析详解

Some industrialized countries have serious environmental problems. The damage to the environment is an inevitable result when a country tends to improve the standard of living. To what extent do you agree or disagree. 正文: Nowadays, environmental problems is (are/have been) one of the most serious phenomenon (Chinglish, 改为dangerous issues)that threat almost some(every) industrialized countries are facing. However, whether only countries use the resource in environment to increase the quality of life is a controversial issue. (我觉得应该改为:Thus, it is controversial that many countries have adapted the technics of excessively exploiting natural resources in order to accelerate economic development.)In my opinion, it is unavoidable that countries break the surrounding(破坏环境?不这样搭配) if they want to develop the industry and the level of life. (In my opinion, comparatively damage to the environment in the process of developing comprehensive national strength is an inevitable result.) Nowadays, environmental problems have been one of the most dangerous issues that threat almost every industrialized countries. Thus, it is controversial that many countries have adapted the technics of excessively exploiting natural resources in order to accelerate economic development. In my opinion, comparatively damage to the environment in the process of developing comprehensive national strength is an inevitable result. First, it is obvious that for our life(?), the purpose of long-term human activity is to make industrial development(make development没有这个用法哦)and improve the quality of life. This means that there are more and more rubbishes when we are working.(为什么用这么多there be 句型呢)Therefore, if we want to promote the economic (promote economy), we may damage our environment in the daily life.(in the daily life 很生硬, 改为in unconscious ways) Firstly, the very existence of human beings indeed exerts various influences on the natural environment, such as water pollution, disafforestation and the greenhouse effect. Besides that, human waste pollution has become more and more noteworthy with the fast sprawl of urban districts concerning the unprecedentedly speed of economic development. Moreover, with the population growing by (没这个搭配哈, with the amount of population growing/increasing 差不多), we need a loads of resource(resources)to support our life. For example, it is allowed by government that every family can get child more than one since 2014 in China.(普遍二胎政策不是这样翻译的哈,还是自己要多查资料) So it maybe(may)consume more resources than before. (it consume,it指代的是什么?) Moreover, larger pollution demands greater amounts of resources to support, a phenomenon that consequently adds more man-made pressure to the natural environment. For instance, Chinese government has issued the universal two-child policy which originally aims at optimizing the demographic structure but may simultaneously bring greater demands of natural resources from the environment.

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