英语 简明语法
简明英语语法
第一单元词性（Parts of Speech）
英语中的词是构成句子的基本单位，根据其意义或在句中的作用，分为10种类型：
（1）名词（2）代词（3）动词（4）形容词（5）副词
（6）数词（7）冠词（8）介词（9）连词（10）感叹词
其含义简述如下：
1. 名词n. (noun): 表示人、物的名称的词类，如：
Tom 汤姆, table 桌子, river 河流, happiness 幸福, China中国
2. 代词pron. (pronoun): 代替名词的词类，如：
I我, you你, this 这个, those那些, who谁, what 什么, some一些
3. 动词v. (verb): 表示动作的词类，如：
walk 走, speak说, jump跳, feel 感到, prove 证实
4．形容词adj. (adjective): 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征, 如：
big —a big table 大桌子，small —a small river 小河，
old —an old man 老人，clever —a clever boy 聪敏的男孩
5. 副词adv. (adverb): 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的此类，如：
quickly快—She walked quickly away.（修饰动词walk）她迅速走开了。
extremely 极度地—The meeting is extremely important.(修饰形容词important) 这次会议极其重要。
6．数词num. (numeral): 是表示数量和序数的词。分为基数词和序数词，如：
基数词：one一two二, three三our四, a hundred 一百
序数词：first第一second第二, third 第三, fourth第四
7. 冠词art.(article): 是用来帮助说明名词的词类。英语中冠词共有三个：
定冠词“t he”
不定冠词“a, an”
8. 介词prep.(preposition): 用来表示名词、代词与其他词之间的关系，如：
in 在……里面, in front of 在……前面, above 在……上面，except 除……以外，
against 反对，about 关于
9. 连词con. (conjunction): 用来连接词与词或句子与句子的此类，如：
and 和, but 但是, neither …nor 既不……也不, if如果,because因为,
10. interj.(interjection): 用来表示惊讶、喜悦、愤怒等感情的此类，如：
oh 哟, ah啊, alas哎呀, aha啊哈, my我的天, dear天哪
练习：
1.1说出下列句子中划线部分的单词的词性：
1.My wife, Amy, likes to sing.
2.So she decided to join the church choir.
3.She would practice singing while she was in the kitchen preparing dinner.
4.Oh, Joe，don’t you like my singing?
5.“Honey, I love your singing, but I just want to make sure the neighbors know I’m not beating you.”
6.The morning following the birth of our first child, my husband came to see me from another city.
7.He walked into the room quietly.
8.The woman was surprised to see a stranger.
9.But before she could say anything, my husband gave aquick smile.
10.The woman was speechless.
练习答案
1.1 说出下列句子中划线部分的单词的词性
1.名词
2. 动词
3. 代词
4. 感叹词
5. 连词
6. 序数词
7. into 介词, quietly副词
8. the 冠词，stranger名词9. a 冠词，quick形容词10. 形容词
第二单元句子成分（Members of Sentences)
英语句子由此或词组构成。每一个词或词组在句中具有各自的功能。我们把词或词组的功能称为“句子成分”。共有六种成分：
（1）主语（2）谓语（3）宾语（4）表语（5）定语（6）状语
其含义简述如下：
1、主语（Subject）:
主语是句子中需要加以说明和描述的对象，如：
●The plane has just taken off. 飞机刚起飞。
主语
●Pride goes before a fall. 骄必败。
主语
●May I ask you a question? 我可以问个问题吗？
主语
主语一般有名词或代词来充当。
2、谓语（Predicate）:
谓语表示主语的动作，如：
●I played basketball yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我打了篮球。
谓语
●Everyone enjoy s the challenge of quizzes. 人人都喜欢猜谜语。
谓语
谓语一般由动词来充当。
3、宾语（object）:
宾语是表示动作的对象或承受者，如：
●Peter bought a new dictionary. 彼德买了一本新词典。
宾语
●I shall answer your question after class. 我课后再回答你的问题。
宾语
宾语通常由名词或代词来充当。
4、表语（Complement）
表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，如：
●He is a poet. 他是一位诗人。
表语
●The soup is delicious. 这汤味道真好。
表语
●My luggage is in the car. 我的行李在车里。
表语
表语一般有名词或形容词来充当。
5、定语(attributive)
定语用来修饰名词或代词，如：
●The family are fond of classical music. 这家人喜欢古典音乐。
定语
● A happy person makes a better parent. 性格开朗的人更能成为一名好的家长。
定语
定语主要由形容词来充当。
6、状语(adverbial)
状语用来说明事件发生的地点、时间、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、程度、比较和方式等。例如：
（1）动词：
●He speaks French fluently. 她法语说得很流利。
状语
●The match was put off because of rain. 比赛因天雨而推迟。
状语
（2）形容词：I’m very happy to see you all. 我很高兴见到大家。
状语
(3 ) 副词：The traffic is moving pretty slowly 交通很堵。
状语
（4）整个句子：Luckily, he wasn’t injured. 幸运得很，她没有受伤。
状语
状语主要由副词或短语来充当。
练习
2.1 指出下列句子中的划线部分做什么句子成分：
1.Experience is the best teacher.
2.I encourage you all work hard, help each other and build a better future.
3.Finally, I’d like to summarize the main points.
4.Was the bridge built last year?
5.Did you buy a gift for your father on Father’s Day ?
6. A company isn’t just a name and a building.
7.Probably, we’ll drop in on professor Jackson.
8.He called a moment ago.
9.The economy has made a dramatic turn around in Asia.
练习答案
2.1 指出下列句子中的划线部分做什么句子成分：
1. Experience is the best teacher. 主语
2.I encourage you all work hard, help each other and build a better future. 谓语
3.Finally, I’d like to summarize the main points. 定语
4.Was the bridge built last year? 谓语
5.Did you buy a gift for your father on Father’s Day ? 宾语
6. A company isn’t just a name and a building. 表语
7.Probably, we’ll drop in on professor Jackson. 状语（修饰整句）
8.He called a moment ago. 状语（表示时间）
9.The economy has made a dramatic turn around in Asia. 状语（表示地点）
第三单元语序（Word order）
每一种语言都有自己的遣词造句的规则。例如，我们能理解这样的中文句子：“我们都喜欢打蓝球”
但是，我们不能理解以下的句子：
“都打喜欢篮球我们”
“喜欢篮球打我们都”
同样，英语也有它自己的遣词造句的规则，英语句子的语序共有以下7种类型：
1.主语+ 谓语
The girl cried. 女孩哭了。
The students are dancing 学生们在跳舞。
2．主语+ 谓语+ 宾语
We like music. 我们喜欢音乐。
He studies economy. 他研究经济。.
3. 主语+ 谓语(be动词) + 表语
Her father is a doctor. 她的父亲是一名医生。
The book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。
My favorite holiday is thanksgiving. 我喜爱的节日是感恩节。
4. 主语+谓语+状语
They work hard. 他们努力工作。
5. 主语+ 谓语+宾语+状语
She teaches English in an evening school. 她在一所夜校教英语。
6. 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语
He gave Mary a rose. 他给玛丽一朵玫瑰花。
Mom made me a skirt. 妈妈为我做了一条裙子。
注意：
间接宾语一般指人，直接宾语一般指事物。
7.主语+ 谓语+宾语+ 宾语补语
Everybody believed him honest. 人人都相信他是诚实的。
The director told Angela to sit down. 导演让安吉拉坐下。
注意：
句中“honest”是用来补充说明宾语”him”的，称为“宾语补语”。宾语补语可以由形容词、名词、分词短语、不定式、介词短语等来充当。
英语句子纵然千变万化，但是，万变不离以上7种基本句型结构。
练习
3.1分析下列句子的语序（用“主语+ 谓语+ ......”表示）：
1. Beethoven was a greatest musicians.
2. We went ashore after swimming for an hour.
3. Fast food restaurants are popular.
4. I don’t understand the sentence.
5.Cola companies keep their exact recipes a secret.
6.The customer puts a coin into the machine.
7.His plan has changed.
8.She told me all about it.
练习答案
3.1分析下列句子的语序
1. Beethoven was a greatest musicians. 主语+ 谓语(be动词) + 表语
2.We went ashore after swimming for an hour. 主语+ 谓语+ 状语
3, Fast food restaurants are popular. 主语+ 谓语(be动词) + 表语
4.I don’t understand the sentence. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语
5.Cola companies keep their exact recipes a secret. 主语+ 谓语+宾语+ 宾语补语
6.The customer puts a coin into the machine, 主语+ 谓语+ 状语.
7.His plan has changed. 主语+ 谓语
8.She told me all about it. 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语
语序（补充）
在上一章中“句子的基本类型”中描述了主语、谓语、表语和宾语在句子中的位置。在一般情况下英语的句子基本遵循这4种核心语序：
1.主语+ 谓语(The students are swimming.)
2.主语+ 谓语+ 宾语(The student are listening to music.)
3.主语+ 联系动词+ 表语(They are students.) (The students are energetic.)
4.主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语（The teacher gave students some books.）
在这一章节中我们将着重了解定语和状语在句子中的位置。
1.定语的位置
我们知道定语主要功能是修饰名词。在一般情况下，定语置于它所修饰的名词之前，例如：
●We can find useful information online. 我们可在网上找到有用的信息。
定语（修饰名词information）
●Ann was very happy when she passed her exam.
定语（修饰名词exam）
安妮通过了考试，非常高兴。
以下情况，定语必须置于它所修饰词之后：
（1）当定语是由短语构成时：
●Henry was a boy curious about anything.亨利是一位对于任何事都很好奇的孩子。
定语（修饰boy）
●This is a book easy to read. 这是一本容易读的书。
定语（修饰book）
（2）当定语修饰some, any, no 以及-thing, -one, -body合成的不定代词：
●There is nothing dangerous here. 这儿一点都不危险。
定语（修饰nothing）
●Don’t do anything stupid. 别做蠢事。
定语（修饰anything）
2.状语的位置
一般情况下，状语一般位于句末，例如：
●She speaks English perfectly. 她英语说得很好。
状语
●Tom drove carefullyalong the narrow street. 汤姆狭窄的路上小心地驾车。
状语状语
●She smiled at me in a friendly way. 她友好地对我微笑。
状语
为了强调状语，也可以把状语置于句首，例如：
●Suddenly, the baby burst into cry. 突然，小孩大哭起来。
状语
●In 1921，Einstein won the Nobel Price for Physics.
状语
1921年爱因斯坦获诺贝尔物理奖。
To buy a computer, I need money. 为买电脑，我需要钱。
状语
练习
3.2把括号里的定于放入恰当的位置，并重写句子：
1.The problem has now been solved. (main)
2.We didn’t stop to rest during the trip home. (long)
3.There is something in his speech. (important)
4.People want to eat vegetables and fruits.(without the use of chemicals)
5.The boy has got the first prize for singing competition. (in Class 3)
6.Television doesn’t give people the chance to express their views. (ordinary)
3.3把括号里的状语于放入恰当的位置，并重写句子：
7.I haven’t seen John. (recently)
8.She waved her hands around. ( in a lively fashion)
9.The girl speaks French. (fluently)
10.He step back and looked at the newly-painted door. (satisfactorily)
11.The police noticed some footprints. (on the door)
12.Most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. (in the
ancient world)
练习答案
3.2
1. The main problem has now been solved.
2. We didn’t stop to rest during the long trip home.
3. There is something important in his speech.
4. People want to eat vegetables and fruits without the use of chemicals.
5. The boy in Class 3 has got the first prize for singing competition.
6. Television doesn’t give ordinary people the chance to express their views.
3.3
1. I haven’t seen John recently.
2. She waved her hands around in a lively fashion.
3. The girl speaks French fluently.
4. He stepped back and looked at the newly-painted picture satisfactorily.
5. The police noticed some fingerprints on the door. / On the door, the police
noticed some footprints.
6. Most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another in the ancient
world. / In the ancient world, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another
第四单元句子的种类（Sentence Structure）
英语中的句子被分为三类：简单句，并列句和复合句。
1.什么是简单句？
只包含一个主谓结构的句子，称为简单句。例如：
（1）They were sitting by the lake. 他们在湖边坐着。
（2）Tom speaks good Chinese. 汤姆中文说得很好。
（3）Tom speaks and writes good Chinese. 汤姆中文说得很好，写得也很好。
（4）Tom and Marry speak good Chinese. 汤姆和玛丽中文说得很好。
2.什么是并列句？
用连接词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接在一起的句，称为并列句。例如：
（1）Honey is sweet but the bee stings. 蜂蜜好喝，但蜜蜂蜇人。
（2）Last year I met Kate and we became friends. 去年我和凯特相遇，我们成了朋友。
（3）Let’s hurry or we will be late. 咱们赶紧点，要不就迟到啦。
3.什么是复合句（主从复合句）？
在整个句子中，其中一个或多个成分由句子充当，这种结构称为从句，而整个句子称为复合句。例如：
（1）I think that you are right. 我认为你是对的。
（2）I don’t know why he is absent. 我不知道他为什么缺席。
（3）He worried about whether he hurt her feelings. 他担心他是否伤了她的感情。
（4）She looked both ways before she cross the street. 她两边望了望，然后才穿越马路。
（5）I won’t get lost if I take a map. 如果我带张地图，就不会迷路了。
（6）Mary did not go shopping because I advised her not to. 玛丽没去购物，因为我建议她别去。
（7）That she will come to our partyis certain. 她来参加我们的晚会时肯定的。
（8）What he saidis not true. 他所说的话不是真的。
（9）It is good that he has passed the exam. （That he has passed the exam is good.）他通过了考试真好。
（10）It is obvious that he misunderstood me. （That he misunderstood me is obvious.）他显然误解了我。
（11）That’s why I am late. 这就是我迟到的原因。
（12）The question is whether the book is worth reading. 问题是这本书是否值得一读。
（13）That was how he solved the problem. 这就是他解决问题的方法。
（14）I believe the fact that he is honest. 我相信他是诚实的。
（15）We were happy at the news that our team had won. 我们很高兴我们队赢了比赛.
（16）The watchthat I bought yesterday works well. 我昨天买的手表走的很好。
（17）The novel which I have just finished is by Dickens. 我刚读完的小说是狄更斯的作品。
（18）She is the nurse who looked after the soldier carefully. 她就是那位悉心照料士兵的护士。（19）The man who called this morningwas Mary’s brother. 今天早晨打电话的人士玛丽的兄弟。（20）He is the best payerthat our has ever had. 他是我队最佳球员。
（21）The girl whose English is very good won the first place in the 100-meter race. (whose= the girl’s) 那个英语很棒的女孩在100米赛跑中得了第一名。
（22）The house whose roof needs repairing is only three years old. (whose roof = the roof of the house)
那座屋顶需要修理的房子房龄只有三年。
（23）The woman with whom you shook hands just now is head of the company.
你刚才和她握手的那个人是公司的老板。
We can also say:
The woman who you shook hands with just now is head of the company.
The woman that you shook hands with just now is head of the company.
The woman whom you shook hands with just now is head of the company.
（24）We will never forget the days when we first got to Germany.
我们永远不会忘记初到德国的那些日子.
（25）This is the house where (in which ) my father was born.
（26）Could you give me a reason why you left without a word? 请给我一个你不辞而别的理由好吗？
练习
4. 1 指出下列句子的种类并把句子中文
1.Next year I will be in college and I’ll be studying night and day perhaps.
2.Tom and Mary didn’t get much sleep last night.
3.In New York City, horses must be given a 15-minute “coffee break”for each hours of work.
4.I did not make a lot of friends when I was in high school.
5.To be honest, I don’t think that the jacket is well made.
6.The situation looked terrible but they did not give up hope.
7.The camera takes good pictures and the [price is reasonable.
8.After you get your driver’s license, you find our that all you friends want rides.
第五单元动词不定式（Infinitive）(1)
1．动词不定式作主语：
●To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
●To help you is my pleasure. 我很乐意帮助你。
注：不定式做主语时，常用“it”放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到句末。例如：●It is not an easy thing to master a language. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
●It is my pleasure to help you. 很乐意帮助你。
2．动词不定式作表语：
●The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 当务之急是马上去找孩子。
●My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房
●His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。
练习
5.1 请指出下例句中的不定式结构，说明其在句中的成份，并把句子译成中文
1. To make the mistakes twice is unforgivable.
2. To promise too much is to promise nothing.
3. It is impossible to get there before dark.
5.2把下例句子译成英语：
4. 做一名好母亲需要耐心。
5. 无证驾驶是违法的。
6. 掌握一门外语是十分必要的。
7. 眼见为实。
8. 我的梦想是成为一名飞行员。
练习答案
5.1
1. To make the same mistakes twice is unforgivable. 两次犯同样的错误是不能原谅的。
主语
2. To promise too much is to promise nothing. 承诺太多等于什么也没承诺。
主语表语
3. It is impossible to get there before dark. 天黑之前到达那儿是不可能的。
形式主语主语
5.2
4. To be a good mother requires patience. / It requires patience to be a good teacher
5. To drive without a license is illegal. /It is illegal to drive without a license.
6. To master a foreign language is necessary. / It is necessary to master foreign language.
7. To see is to believe.
8. My dream is to become a pilot
第五单元动词不定式(2)
1．动词不定式作宾语：
●I wish to learn English well. 我希望把英语学好。
●I like to help others if I can. 如果有可能的话，我喜欢帮助别人。
●He encouraged me to try again. 他鼓励我再试一遍。
●He offered to help me with my English study. 他提出在英语学习上帮助我。
2. 在动词不定式前还可加上疑问词，例如：
●We don’t know what to do next. 我们不知道下一步该怎么做。
●Please show us how to operate the machine. 请向我们演示如何操作这台机器。
●Have you decide whether to go for a trip to Australia. 你是否决定去澳大利亚旅行？
练习
5.3划出下例句中的动词不定式并说明其在句中的成份，然后将句子译成中文：
1.Don't worry! I'll manage to help you.
2.The driver failed to see the other car in time.
3.He offered to help me.
4.There are so many kinds of computers that I can't make up my mind which to buy.
5.4把括号中汉语译成英语:
5. I showed her ____________(该按哪个按钮).
6. Please tell me ____________(找谁帮忙) when I have trouble.
7. The Actress was so excited that she didn’t know______（说什么）.
8. He’d managed ___________（说服她母亲为他买一台新手机）.
9. If you __________（希望去听音乐）for weekend, our office will be delightedto book the tickets for you.
练习答案
5.3
1.Don't worry! I'll manage to help you. （宾语）别担心！我会设法帮助你的。
2.The driver failed to see the other car in time. （宾语）司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
3.He offered to help me. （宾语）他表示愿意帮助我。
4.There are so many kinds of computers that I can't make up my mind which to buy. （宾语）有这么多种电脑，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
5.4
5. Which button to press
6. Whom to ask for help
7. what to say
8. to persuade to buy a new mobile phone for him. Or: buy him a new mobile phone
9. to go to the concert
第五单元动词不定式(3)
1. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语，常用在“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。
例如：
●He got me to join them in the discussion. 他让我参加他们的讨论。
“He”做主语，“got”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分是宾语补足语。
●Mary remindedher brotherto post the letter. 马莉提醒她弟弟寄信。
“Mary”作主语，“reminded”作谓语，“her brother”作宾语，划线部分是宾语补足语。
●My mother want meto keep my room tidy.我妈妈让我保持房间整洁。
“my mother”作主语，“want”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分是宾语补足语。
2．不定式在感官动词后
不定式在作宾语补足语时，在感官动词see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，find，
3. 不定式在使役动词后
不定式在作宾语补足语时，在使役动词make，have，let之后，不定式要省略“to”。
●I’ll have him answer the question. 我要他回答这个问题。
●Mother made me make the beds. 妈妈要我铺床。
注意：如果此类句子变为被动语态，则原来作宾语补足语的不定式不能省略“to”。如：
4. 不定式在help后
help后的不定式可加to，也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多)，但被动结构中要加to。
例如：
I'll help you to push the cart. 我帮你推车。
1. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语，常用在“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。
例如：
●He got me to join them in the discussion. 让我参加他们的讨论。
“He”做主语，“got”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分是宾语补足语。
●Mary remindedher brotherto post the letter. 马莉提醒她弟弟寄信。
“Mary”作主语，“reminded”作谓语，“her brother”作宾语，划线部分是宾语补足语。
●My mother want meto keep my room tidy.我要你保持房间保持整洁。
“my mother”作主语，“want”作谓语，“me”作宾语，划线部分是宾语补足语。2．不定式在感官动词后
不定式在作宾语补足语时，在感官动词see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，
3. 不定式在使役动词后
不定式在作宾语补足语时，在使役动词make，have，let之后，不定式要省略“to”。
●I’ll have him answer the question. 我要他回答这个问题。
●Mother made me make the beds. 妈妈要我铺床。
注意：如果此类句子变为被动语态，则原来作宾语补足语的不定式不能省略“to”。如：
4. 不定式在help后
help后的不定式可加to，也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多)，但被动结构中要加to，
练习
5.5 将下例句子译成英语
1. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
2. 我们相信他诚实的。
3. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
4. 我们将邀请李教授来给我们上音乐课。
5. 有人看到这孩子走进大楼。
6. 常常听到她唱这首歌。
7. 这对夫妇常常在花园里看他们的孩子做游戏。
练习答案
1. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
2. We believe him to be honest.
3. We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
4. WewillinviteProfessorLitogiveusamusiclecture.
5. A child was seen to enter the building.
6. She was often heard to sing this song.
7. The couple often watch their children play games in the garden.
第五单元动词不定式（4）
1．动词不定式作定语
动词不定式可在句中作定语。不定式做定语时，通常要放在被修饰的词的后面。例如：●There are many ways to solve the problem. 有许多方法能解决这个问题。
●As a boy, he had no chance to go to school. 他小时侯没有机会上学。
●He was the last one to leave the office . 他是最后一个离开办公室的人。
●He has the ability to speak English fluently. 他能流利地说英语。
练习
5.6 请将括号内的中文译成英语
1. We have _______________(有很多东西要学) about human body.
2.I admire _______________.(他工作做得快).
3. Having been away for two years, I am filled with _______________（回家的渴望）
4. Bob has no reason _______________.(抱怨).
5. A further trouble was _______________(她不肯坐飞机旅行).
6. Tom was _______________(第一个到学校的人)。
练习答案：
5.6
1. a lot of things to learn
2. his ability to do the work quickly
3. the desire to go back home
4. to complain
5. her refusal to travel by air
6. the first one to arrive at school
或：the first to arrive at school
第五单元动词不定式（5）
1.动词不定式作状语
动词不定式在句中作状语可用来表示目的、结果、原因等意义。例如：
1）表示目的
●He ran fast to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。（表示“run”的目的）●I come here to say good-bye to you.我来是向你告别。（表示“come”的目的）
2）表示结果
●What have I said to make you angry? 我说什么了使你这么生气？
注：不定式表示“结果”常见于下列结构：
●I went to see him only to find him out. 我去看他，没想到他出去了。
●She was too tired to work on. 她太累了，不能继续干下去。
●He is so careless as to get everything confused. 他粗心以至把事情搞乱。
3）表示原因
●I'm glad to see you. (= we are glad because we saw you.) 很高兴见到你。
●We jumped with joy to hear the news. (= we jumped with joy because hear the news.) 我们
听到这消息高兴得跳了起来。
●I’m sorry to have made this mistake. (I’m sorry because I made this mistake.) 我犯了这个
错误，感到很抱歉。
练习：
5.7 请指出下例句中的不定式结构，说明其在句中的成份，并把句子译成中文。
1.He borrowed some books to read after class.
2.She was too weak to say a word.
3.He returned to get his umbrella.
4.He returned to find that his classmates had gone.
5.We are delighted to know that you are back and work with us.
6.They were amused to watch the comic show.
练习答案：
5.7
1. 他借了一些书课后阅读。to read after class (状语表示目的)
2. 她太虚弱了以至不能说话。too weak to say a word (状语表示结果)
高一英语语法专项训练练习及答案
专题一名词、介词和数词 1．The_________is just around the corner and you won’t miss it． A．bicycle’s shop B．bicycle shop C．bicycles shop D．bicycles’shop 2．Rose was wild with joy________the result of the examination． A．to B．at C．by D．as 3．________people in the world are sending information by E-mail every-day． A．Several million B．Many millions C．Several millions D．Many million 4．This is not a match．We’re playing chess just for________． A．habit B．hobby C．fun D．game 5．No matter what you do，you should put your________into it． A．mind B．heart C．brain D．thought 6．There are usually at least two________of looking at every question． A．means B．directions C．views D．ways 7．My chest________when I make a deep breath，doctor． A．harms B．wounds C．hurts D．injures 8．The home improvements have taken what little there is________my spare time． A．from B．in C．of D．at 9．Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain________an inch． A．by B．at C．to D．from 10．To regain their________after an exhausting game，the players lay in the grass． A．force B．energy C．power D．health 11．According to the recent research，heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily________and effect． A．reason B．impact C．fact D．cause 12．Every new________has the possibility of making or losing money． A．event B．venture C．adventure D．expedition 13．The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism________the wildlife in the area． A．in B．off C．at D．with 14．The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took________pictures of them． A．many of B．masses of C．the number of D．a large amount of 15．“I don’t think it's my________that the TV blew up．I just turned it on，that’s a11．”said the boy． A．error B．mistake C．fault D．duty 16．One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ________in the number of natural disasters． A．result B．account C．reason D．increase 17. Life is tough in the city．In order to lose their________，some people drink alcohol． A．temper B．mood C．consciousness D．pressures 18．I don’t mind picking up your things from the store．________，the walk will do! me good． A．Sooner or later B．Still C．In time D．Besides 19．The accident is reported to have occurred _______the first Sunday in February． A．at B．on C．in D．to 20．________two exams to worry about，I have to work really hard this weekend． A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of 21．He got to the station early，________missing his train．． A．in case of B．instead of C．for fear of D．in search of 22． I feel that one of my main duties________a teacher is to help the students to be．
简明英语语法表
简明英语语法表 词性 词性定义例句 名词指人，地点或事物 Noun This young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. Bang! She hit a huge 名词 yellow bus and came to a stop. 形容词描述名词所指得人或物 Adjective The young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. Bang! She hit a huge 形容词 yellow bus and came to a stop. 动词表示一种状态或一个动作 Verb The young driver turned her new car quickly into a busy street. Bang! She hit a huge 动词 yellow bus and came to a stop. 副词修饰动词，形容词和其他副词 Adverb The young driver turned her new car 副词 quickly into a busy street. Bang! She hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop. 连词连接句子的两个部分 ConjunctThe young driver turned her new car ion 或短语 quickly into a busy street. Bang! She 连词 hit a huge yellow bus and came to a stop.
【五年级】英语语法知识汇总(全)
英语语法知识汇总-五年级 英语语法知识汇总 一、词类： 1、名词 这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is 名词复数如何加后缀：
2、人称代词和物主代词 人称代词：有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。 3、指示代词
4、冠词 有a、an、the。a和an的区别：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u）前，a用于辅音音素前。 二、否定句： be动词（am、is、are）+not、 情态动词can+ not、 助动词（do、does）+ not 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句： 1、看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+ not。 2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not。 3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤： （1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。 （2）确定助动词用do、does，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用d o，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does， （3）在助动词后加not。 （4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。 三、一般疑问句。 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为一般疑问句： 1、看句中有无be动词，如有，把be动词提到句首即可。 2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。 3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤： （1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。 I do like you. （2）确定助动词用do还是does，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does He does like you. （3）把助动词后提到句首。 Does he like you? （4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。 强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。 四、特殊疑问句。 表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。
高中英语语法专项.练习题含答案
高三毕业总复习语法专项练习题1 1. —Have you enjoyed your visit here? —Yes, I’ll be very sorry _____. A. for leaving B. of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving 2. —I’ll help you whenever you need me. —Good. I’d like _____ me tomorrow. A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help 3. —Where did he go? —He went to another store _____. A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils 4. —My baby has a heart trouble. —Did the doctor find it difficult _____? A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat 5. —Did the judge ask you many questions? —Yes, and _____. A.they were difficult to be answered B.to answer them was to be difficult C.they were difficult to answer D.they had difficulty in answering 6. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 7. Last summer I took a course on _____. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 8. I know him _____ a good basketball player while in college. A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been 9. I was surprised _____. A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly 10. Now we could not do anything but _____ for him here. A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait 11. I don’t know her and I don’t _____. A. want B. want to C. want it D. want so 12. To play fair is as important as _____. A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well 13. It’s most foolish _____ so. A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying 14. I have no pen _____. A. writing B. to write C. to write with D. to be writing 15. Those letters are _____ to the countryside right away. A. to be sent B. sending C. to have been sent D. sent 16. _____ our wishes, we must try our best to work well. A. Realizing B. To realize C. Realized D. Having realized 17. Would you please _____ on the table? A. don’t write B. not to write C. not write D. not writing 18. Tom pretended _____ something when his mother came in. A. writing B. to write C. to be writing D. being written 19. We are all afraid _____ by robbers. A. to rob B. to be robbed C. of robbing D. of being robbed 20. I’m sorry _____ off the light when I left the room. A. to forget to turn B. to have forgotten to turn C. to have forgotten turning D. to be forgetting turning 21. The child had no choice but _____. A. to cry B. cry C. crying D. cried
高中英语语法综合测试100题(含答案)
综合测试 ?综合过关测试 1.Mr. Bush is on time for everything. _____ can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. How B. Why C. What D. Whether 2._____ the doctors really doubt is _____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. What…that B. What…whether C. That…that D. That…whether 3.Do you think _____ is no possibility _____ Tom can win the first prize in the contest? A. there…whether B. there…that C. it…whether D. it…that 4.Jean Goodall made up her mind to dedicate all she had to _____ the chimpanzees in the open air. A. observe B. having observed C. have observed D. observing 5._____ what you can and many poor people will spend the cold winter warmly. A. Donating B. To donate C. Having donated D. Donate 6.You won’t succeed in the end _____ you don’t give up halfway! A. even though B. as though C. as long as D. as far as 7.Having suffered heart trouble for years, Professor White _____ take some medicine with him _____ he goes. A. must…where B. must…wherever C. has to…where D. has to…wherever 8.He hesitated for a moment _____ he kicked the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. A. until B. after C. before D. unless 9.- I enjoyed the food very much. - I’m glad you like it. Please drop _____ you like. - Yes, I will. A. each time B. every time C. in any time D. at any time 10._____ you do, you should put your heart into it. A. However B. How C. Whatever D. What 11.The rubber plantation extends _____ the river. A. as long as B. as far as C. so far as D. as well as 12.You might as well figure out some situations _____ you may meet with in your business. A. that B. where C. lest D. in case 13.Word that they failed to pass their driving test discouraged their boss, _____? A. did they B. didn’t they C. didn’t it D. did it 14.Under no circumstances _____ in such a meaningless discussion. A. did he participate B. participated he C. he participated D. he did participate 15.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____ was quite reasonable. A. which price B. of which the price C. price of which D. in whose price 16.I know nothing about the young lady _____ she came from Beijing.
高中英语所有语法专题大汇总
高中英语所有语法专题大汇总 高中阶段的英语学习，其实就是学语法、记单词和研究并熟练题型。其中，语法是大多数同学最头疼的问题，原因在于其内容之繁杂和零散，因此，老师将高中英语所有语法专题总结在一起，供大家系统学习。（老师以过来人的身份告诉你哦，高中是系统学习语法的最佳时机，到了大学，就主要是以背单词为主了！） 专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况
初中英语语法基础知识汇总
初中英语语法基础知识汇总(1) 英语语法基础知识词类-名词Noun 名词（Noun．-n．） 第一部分：名词基础知识 定义：人、地、物、事或观念等名称叫做名词。 人：Edison（爱迪生），Helen（海伦），Mr．Wang（王先生） 地：Asia（亚洲），China（中国），New York（纽约） 物：book（书），dog（狗），tree（树），water（水） 事或观念：work（工作），music（音乐），truth（真理） 注： 1．如人名、地名、国名等属于该名称持有者专用的名称，其第一字母必须大写，如E dison，New York，China。 2．名词亦有可数和不可数之分，如果是可数的就有单数和复数的区别。所谓复数就是多于一个的意思，通常是在单数名词的词尾加“-s，es，ies，…”以示其为复数。例如： a book（一本书）two books（两本书） one boy（一个男孩）some boys（一些男孩） one girl（一个女孩）many girls（许多女孩） 名词在句子中的主要功能如下： （1）作句子的主语，例： Miss Lin is our English teacher． （林小姐是我们的英语老师。） （2）作句子的主语补语或宾语补语，例： John and Tom are good friends． （约翰和汤姆是好朋友。—主语补语） I call my puppy “Luck”． （我叫我的小狗“来福”。—宾语补语）
（3）作及物动词的直接宾语，例： Can you ride a bicycle?（你会骑自行车吗？） （4）作介词的宾语，例： You can go by taxi．（你可以乘出租车去。） 第二部分：名词单复数-单数变复数 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。 例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读音变化：统一加读[iz]。 例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes 三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories 四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes 反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; macro→macros（缩写词）五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。 读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。 例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves 反例：roof→roofs 还有一些不规则变化，请参照中学英语频道相关文章。 第三部分：名词所有格 A. 's用在单数名词以及不以s结尾的复数名词之后： a man's jo b 男人的活儿
高中英语语法综合练习
高中英语语法综合练习 1. What________wonderful time we had yesterday! A. a B. the C./ D. an 2. The poet and ___writer is going to give us a talk this afternoon. A. a B. the C. / D. an 3. I love______history because it gives us_____knowledge of past events. A. the, a B. /,a C. /, / D. a, the 4. In 1865, Abraham Lincoin was elected____President of the U.S. A. a B. the C. / D. one 5. ______Chinese people is_______brave and hard-working people. A. The, the B. The, a C. A, the D. / , the 6. October 1th is___ National Day of ___ People's Republic of China. A. a, / B. the, the C. the, / D. /, the 7. Though____came that he was completely defeated, he didn't lost_____. A. the word, his heart B. word , heart C. the word, heart D. word, his heart 8. You can have ____ second try if you fail____first time. A. the, the B. a, the C. a, / D. a, a 9. It is such______great fun travelling in ______spaceship! A. a, / B. /, a C. /, / D. a, a 10. ___computer is the most important invention in ____ twentieth century. A. The, / B. A, / C. The, the D. A, the 11. In____front of ____ building are two highways. A. the, a B. a, the C. / , the D. the , the 12. I looked her in_______ face. A. a B. / C. the D. her 13. Beyond ___stars, astrnauts saw nothing but____ space. A. the, / B. /, the C. / , / D. the, the 14. He has given me_______ I wanted. A. the information B. a information C. informations D. the informations 15. ___ British and ______Americans share almost the same language. A. The , / B. The, the C. / , / D. / , the 16. Which is ____ country, Canada or Australia
高中英语语法习题及答案
高中英语语法练习题-高考精粹 1. Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony. A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited 2. "_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations. A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success 3. We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 4. It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free. A. was; since B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before 5. The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience. A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it 6.Under no circumstance _____ to tell lies to parents. A. children are allowed B. are children allowed C. children will allow D. will children allow 7.Modern science and technology has _____ communication between people far apart. A. made convenient B. made it convenient C. made it convenient for D. made it convenient to 8.I heard that you really had a wonderful time at John's birthday party, _____? A. didn't I B. didn't you C. hadn't you D. will you 9.The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things _____ to teach you the art of learning. A. as B. that C. than D. but 10.No matter how frequently _____ the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people.
初中英语语法常考知识点汇总
初中英语语法常考知识点汇总 一、介词by的用法 1、意为“在……旁”，“靠近”。 Some are singing and dancing under a big tree。Some are drawing by the lake。 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。 2、意为“不迟于”，“到……时为止”。 Your son will be all right by supper time。 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term？ 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲？ 3、表示方法、手段，可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。 The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing。 猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph。 孩子的父亲是那么的感激，于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。
4、表示“逐个”，“逐批”的意思。 One by one they went past the table in the dark。 他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。 5、表示“根据”，“按照”的意思。 What time is it by your watch？ 你的表几点了？ 6、和take ，hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分。 I took him by the hand。 我拉住了他的手。 7、用于被动句中，表示行为主体，常译作“被”、“由”等。 English is spoken by many people。 英语被许多人说。（即“许多人讲英语。”） 二、动名词doing 动名词相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 1、作主语
高中英语语法综合练习题
高中英语语法练习题 1 ? A modern city has been set up in ( A. what B. which C. that )quite a number of insects, birds and animals are dying out. 5. That is ( ) we agreed on at the meeting ? A. that B. when C. whether D. what 17. The government proposes that something ( )to get rid of air pollution. A.will be done B. is done C ? should do D. be done A.that B. as C. why D. when 3.1 think Father would like to know ( )T ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note ? A.which B. why C. what D. how 4. When and where we f 11 hold the meeting ( )not been decided yet. A. have B. has C. is D. are )was a wasteland ten years ago. D. where 2. We can* t figure out ( 6. T he reason why the car was stopped was ( A.that the road was slippery slippery 7. ( C. because the road was A.That. that &His suggestion A.that we go should go 9. Air is to us ( B. due to the slippery road D. because of the slippery road troubles me is ( ) lean' t learn all these English idioms by heart. B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that )to see the art exhibition interested every one of us. which we should go C. that we would go d ? when we B. water is to fish. A.what B. that 10.lt remains a question ( A.how B. that 11 ?一What's that building? — ( )the students do experiments. A .There is which B. It is in which 12.1 wish I ( ) yesterday J s exam ? B. had been able to pass C. which D. is that )we can get so much money in such a short time. D. what C. when C. That's where D. Tlie building that A.passed 13.The twins are so much alike that I never know ( A.who, that B. which, which C. could pass ) C. that, who D. were able to pass )? is ( D. which, that 14. Y ou caif t imagine ( A.how they were excited they were how excited 15. He always thinks of ( A.what B. how )when they received these nice Christmas gifts. B. how excited they were C. how excited they )he can do more for the people ? C. if D. whatever D. 16. We don* t doubt ( A.whether B. that )he can do a good job of it. C. what D. why
高中英语语法专项练习题(附带解析、讲解)
高中英语语法专项练习题<附解析>(一) 1. Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony. A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited 2. "_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations. A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success 3. We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 4. It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free. A. was; since B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before 5. The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience. A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it 1. B 2. B success 名词，保留远动词含义"成功"是不可数名词;如用来代替具体的人(成功者)或具体的事(成功的事情(东西))是可数名词。故排除C,D;A中how是副词，如改成how great a success就是正确的。 3. B 抽象名词不特指时，前不用冠词。 4. D 如将A项中was, since改成is, since是正确的;即从句中谓语先发生。如用B项，是强调句，而强调句前后两个谓语动词在时间上必须一致(a);被强调部分能还回原句中(b)，即因为句中was declared是过去时, B项中is改成was;因为句中was declared是非延续性动词，在years后加上ago将"一段" 时间变成"一点"就是正确的。C项前后时间不一致。 5. C whichever已失去疑问含义，等于 anything that，表示强调; 而 which topic中 which保留疑问含义，译成"哪一个题目"，不符合句义。而A和D中缺少连词。