summary特点总结
The Characteristic of summary
1. Definition
By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words,of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book.
2.key points of a summary:
A summary should be brief, complete, accurate, coherent and objective.
Brief: omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information.
Length: 1/4---1/3 of the original text
Complete: to include all the main and supporting points delivered in your own words. Accurate: to give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does. Coherent: rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases,a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.
●first, in the first part, in the introductory part
●second, next, in the second part
●then, afterwards, after that, in addition to that, also, furthermore
●finally,at last, in the end, as a conclusion, on the whole, in a word, to sum up, last
but not least,
●as a result, so
Objective: Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.
3. Steps to writea summary
1)skim the text to find out the general theme
2)analyze the text's structure to divideit into several sections, find out the main idea of each sectionandwriteit out briefly with your own words. (one sentence)
3)write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details.
4)organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.
5)proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.At the beginning of a summary, we usuallyelicit引出the author's name and the name of the chapter/ article.
摘要（或文摘），也就是英文的Abstract
顾名思义，是一篇文章摘出来的要点。其内容讲究的是对文章内容的高度压缩，强调的是对
文字本身的概括，不能夹带图表、参考文献。摘要（Abstract）写好了很不简单，原因是其对文数的限制比较严格。一般SCI英文论文摘要允许200 - 300字，很少有超过500字的。摘要不论是在书里还是论文中，都是放在文前。许多SCI期刊对摘要的格式有不同的要求，比如结构摘要，非结构摘要等。是出于出版形式的考虑，本质和目的不变。
提要（或简介），即英文的Summary ：
既然称之为提要，即包含提炼和要点两个方面。在科技文献和教科书中，提要强调对研究课题内容的概括，比如实验内容、目的、研究的展望等方面的简述。提要对字数的要求比较灵活，可长可短。既可以图文并茂，也可以广征博引。既可放在文前，也可以置于文后。和摘要Abstract 相比，提要Summary 更普及常用，不论是在学术界还是日常交流中都会经常出现，是个总结就可以称之为Summary。
Writing a Summary
A summary is also referred to as an abstract in which you reduce material in an original work to its main points and key supporting detail. Unlike an outline, however, a summary does not use symbols such as I, A, 1, 2, etc., to indicate the relations among parts of the original material.
A summary may consist of a single word, a phrase, several sentences, or one or more paragraphs. The length of any summary you prepare will depend on your instructor?s expectations and the length of the original work. Most often, you will be asked to write a summary consisting of one or more paragraphs.
Writing a summary brings together a number of important reading, study, and writing skills. To condense the original assigned material, you must preview, read, evaluate, organize, and perhaps outline it. Summarizing, then, can be a real aid to understanding; you must “get inside? the material and realize fully what is being said before you can reduce its meaning to a few words.
How to Summarize an Article
To write a summary of an article, follow the steps described below. If the assigned material is
a TV show or film or a radio program, adapt the suggestions accordingly.
1.Take a few minutes to preview the work. You can preview an article in a magazine by taking a
quick look at the following:
1)Title. A title often summarizes what an article is about. Think about the title for a minute,
and about how it may condense the meaning of the article.
2)Subtitle. A subtitle, if given, is a short summary appearing under or next to the title. For
example, in a Newsweek article titled “Growing Old, Feeling Young,” the following caption appeared: “Not only are Americans living longer, they are staying active longer
--- and their worst enemy is not nature, but th e myths and prejudices about growing old.? In short, the subtitle, the caption, or any other words in large print under or next to the title often provide a quick insight into the meaning of an article.
3)First and last several paragraphs. In the first several paragraphs, the author may
introduce you to the subject and state the purpose of the article. In the last several
paragraphs, the writer may present conclusions or a summary. The previews or summaries can give you a quick overview of what the entire article is about.
4)Other items. Note any heads or subheads that appear in the article. They often provide
clues to the article?s main points and give an immediate sense of what each section is about. Look carefully at any pictures, charts, or diagrams that accompany the article.
Page space in a magazine or journal is limited, and such visual aids are generally used only to illustrate important points in the article. Note any words or phrases set off in italic type or boldface type; such words have probably been emphasized because they deal with important points in the article.
2.Read the article for all you can understand the first time through. Do not slow down or turn
back. Check or otherwise mark main points and key supporting details. Pay special attention to all the items noted in the preview. Also, look for definitions, examples, and enumerations (lists of items, which often indicate key ideas. You can also identify important points by turning any heads into questions and reading to find the answers to the questions.
3.Go back and reread more carefully the areas you have identified as most important. Also,
focus on other key pints you may have missed in your first reading.
4.Take notes on the material. Concentrate on getting down the main ideas and the key
supporting points.
5.Prepare the first draft of your summary, keeping these points in mind:
1)Identify at the start of your summary the title and author of the work. Include in
parentheses the date of publication. For example, “In …Leaking with a Vengeance? (Time, Oc tober 13, 2003), Michael Duffy states ….”
2)Do not write an overly detailed summary. Remember that the purpose of a summary is to
reduce the original work to its main points and essential supporting details.
3)Express the main points and key supporting details in your own words. Do not imitate
the style of the original work.
4)Quote from the material only to illustrate key points. Also, limit your quotations. A
one-paragraph summary should not contain more than one or two quoted sentences.
5)Preserve the balance and proportion of the original work. If the original devoted 70
percent of its space to one idea and only 30 percent to another, your summary should reflect that emphasis.
6)Revise your first draft, paying attention to the principles of effective writing (unity,
support, coherence, and clear, error-free sentences).
7)Write the final draft of the paper. Summaries can vary in length from a single sentence to
many pages, depending on the length of the text being summarized. It is often 1/3 or 1/4 of the original text.
The first sentence of a summary
You are expected to identify the title of the text and the author in the first sentence, as well as the author?s thesis or controlling idea. A general format for the first sentence is as follows:
In the article {“title of Article,”}, {Author’s name} + {primary verb} + {main idea}.
Example: In the article “How Children Fail,” John Holt argues that most children fail because they do not develop their full potential.
The most commonly used primary verbs include:
1. claim
2. recommend
3. argue
4. report
5. show
6. insist
7. explain
8. describe
9. suggest 10. believe
Remember that all sentences should be stated in YOUR OWN WORDS. If you must use a sentence or phrase from the original text, make sure to put it within quotation marks.
The characteristics of a good summary
A good summary is concise, focusing on the main ideas, and leaving out much of the supporting and explanatory details of the original text. A good summary is also complete, covering all of the important ideas found in the primary text. Moreover, a summary should be objective:the goal should be to cover the text fairly, without adding one's own opinions or perspectives. Furthermore, a good summary is coherent: it contains necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow as a unified passage.
1. What Is Summary?
A summary is a shortened passage, which retains the essential information of the original. It is a fairly brief restatement --- in your own words --- of the contents of a passage.
Note: You simply report back what the writer has said, without making value judgments.
2. Characteristics of a good summary
Briefness
Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information. (length: 1/4-1/3 of original text)
Completeness
to include all the main and supporting points delivered in your own words in a condensed manner Coherence
rather than an outline listed as key words and phrase, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.
Objectivity
to contain only the ideas or information of the original. Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic.
Some Useful Expressions of Transition
On one hand,…….On the other hand,……
One reason is ……Another reason is ……Still another reason is ……The final reason is ……
To begin with, ……What?s more,……In addition,……Finally,……
In short,
From what is mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that ….
3. Steps in Writing a Summary
Read the article
1). Divide the article into sections of ideas. Each section deals with one aspect of the central theme.
2). Label (classify) each section with a general phrase that captures the subject matter of the section.
3). Highlight or underline the main idea and key points
Topic: _________
Outlines: 1. ________a….. b….. c. ….
2. ________
3. ________
Begin with a proper citation of the title, author, source, date of publication and the main idea of the article summarized.
Write according to your outlines.
Use transitions for a smooth and logical flow of ideas.
Compress supporting details
1). Omit the details
2). Reduce the examples
3). Simplify the descriptions
4). Eliminate all repetitions
5). Compress wordy sentences and change clauses or sentences to phrases and phrases to words.
6). Use general words instead of specific words
7). Use the shortest possible transitions
8). Avoid figurative (比喻的) language
9). Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech
Beginning a Summary
Begin your summary with
1. The author?s name
2. The article?s or chapter?s name
3. The author’s thesis statement--a general overview (survey概述) of the article
The Opening Sentence: e.g. In the feature (特写；专题) article "Four Kinds of Reading," the author, Donald Hall, explains his opinion about different types of reading.
The Body：
First of all, the author describes…………
He then points out that……
In addition, the author talks about …..
Finally, the author suggests…………….
Some other introductory phrases
1. (The author) states in (this article) that...
2. (The author, in (this article) shows that...
3. In (this article), (the author) writes that...
4. As (the author) says in (this article), ...
5. The main idea of (the author's article) is
6. The author believes (holds; maintains; claims; argues; points out; suggests; proposes)that + clause
7. The author talks about (explains; describes; reveals; discusses; focuses on) + n.
Here is model summary of a magazine article:
Why do some animals die out?
In the past two hundred years people have caused many kinds of animals to die out--to become extinct. People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animals' homes. If the animals can't find a place to live, they die out.
Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason. Other animals, such as the Florida Key deer, may soon die out because they are losing their homes. Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct, too. In the last century, hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the buffalos.
Today they are fast killing off hawks and wolves. Pollution is killing many animals today, too. As rivers become polluted, fish are poisoned. Many die. Birds that eat the poisoned fish can't lay strong, healthy eggs. New birds aren’t born. So far, no animals have become extinct because of pollution. But some, such as the bald eagle and the brown pelican, have become rare and may die out.
Scientists think that some animals become extinct because of changes in climate. The places where they live become hotter or cooler, drier or wetter. The food that they eat cannot grow there any more. If the animals can't learn to eat something else, they die. Dinosaurs may have died out for this reason.
Summary:
In the past two hundred years, many kinds of animals have died out. There are several reasons for it. First, people keep building houses and factories in fields and woods, which destroys animals' homes. Then, hunters' killing has also caused some animals to become extinct. Besides, some animals aren't able to bear strong offspring and nor do they have enough food to eat because of pollution and climatic changes.
会议工作总结范文
会议工作总结范文 关于会议工作总结怎么写，下面整理推荐会议总结范文_会议总结，欢迎阅读参考。 会议工作总结 近年来由我委主办、承办的全国性会议不少，机关服务中心作为会议后勤接待的主要力量参与办会也比较多，与以往相比，这次会议接待工作有许多不同之处：一是接待的来宾人数多、层次高。参会人员约250人，其中省部级领导2人，司局级领导55人。二是会议时间短、活动多。会议8日报到，9日上午开会，下午分赴百色、北海、柳州三路考察，有领导层会见、会议、考察等多项活动，路线分散，增大了组织联络和车辆调度的难度。三是接待过程中的变化多、变数大。国家部委领导行程的变动，会议代表考察分组的调整，带来了有关会务接待、会场、调研等时间、地点的变动，加大了组织协调的工作量和难度。四是多部门联合办会，各部门工作配合方面稍显不畅，虽然任务明确但仍有执行不到位的现象，需要进行大量的补救工作。 面对这些矛盾和问题，我机关服务中心从容应对、团结协作、周密组织、及时补台，使整个接待服务工作紧张有序、协调运转，概括起来讲，有以下几个特点： (一)前期工作准备充分，谋划到位。为做好会务接待服务工作，我中心领导十分重视，在会议召开前半个月，就抽调有经验的同志参与会务准备工作，中心组建了报到组、会场组、用餐组、交通组等四
个小组，制定详细的工作方案、明确各小组责任、落实工作任务。会议8日报到，4日～6日是端午节放假，为了节后全国城镇污水处理设施建设及运营经验交流会议顺利召开，节前中心领导又召集各小组工作人员就工作细案、准备情况逐一进行指导、询问，要求大家节日期间放弃休息时间，进一步和有关部门、环资处对接，全力以赴做好会务保障工作。节前，基本完成会议的食宿、会场、宴请、会议用品、礼品等安排和制作。由于谋划超前，各项工作紧张有序，十分到位，为会议期间接待服务工作奠定了良好的基础。 (二)各项活动组织周密，井然有序。根据本次会议的特点，我们总结以往联合办会的接待经验，坚持从大处着眼，小处着手，对会务工作从整体上周全考虑，系统安排，在报到、住宿、宴请、就餐、会议、交通以及考察活动等各个环节、各个岗位都确定专人负责，确保了各项工作顺利开展。报到小组安排礼仪人员着民族服装配合交通组到机场迎宾，及时收集代表返程信息，安排工作人员到代表入住各楼内服务，提前制作分组考察名单、乘车安排，配合环资处安排随车联络员全程跟踪服务。在接待宴会组织上，配合接待办提前编排席次，印发宴请名单，通知出席会见、宴会的有关领导，安排好国家部委领导住宿楼内的用餐。在会场布置上，会场组按照“一切为了会议，一切为了会议代表”的要求，会场组各位同志，在所负责的各项工作、各个环节中，任劳任怨，精益求精，为提高会议的效果发挥了积极作用。在代表接送上，有专人全程引领，专车来回接送，在会议驻地荔
英文summary写作范例
Article Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong William Kilpatrick Many of today 's young people have a difficult time seeing any moral dimension （ 道德层 面 ） to their actions. There are a number of reasons why that 's true, but none more prominent than a failed system of education that eschews （ 回避 ） teaching children the traditional moral values that bind Americans together as a society and a culture. That failed approach, called “decision - making, ” was introduced in schools 25 years ago. It tells children to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong. It replaced “character education. （ 品格教 育 ）” Character education didn 't ask children to reinvent the moral wheel （ 浪费时间重新发明早已存 在的道德标准）; instead, it encouraged them to practice habits of courage, justice and self-control. In the 1940s, when a character education approach prevailed, chewing gum; today they worry about robbery and rape. Decision-making curriculums pose thorny （ 棘手的 ） ethical dilemmas to students, with the impression that all morality is problematic and that all questions of right and wrong are in dispute. Youngsters are forced to question values and virtues they 've never acquired in the first place or upon which they have only a tenuous （ 薄弱的 ） hold. The assumption behind this method is that students will arrive at good moral conclusions if only they are given the chance. But the actual result is moral confusion. For example, a recent national study of 1,700 sixth- to ninth-graders revealed that a majority of boys considered rape to be acceptable under certain conditions. Astoundingly, many of the girls agreed. This kind of moral illiteracy is further encouraged by values-education （价值观教育 ） programs that are little more than courses in self-esteem （ 自尊 ）. These programs are based on the questionable assumption that a child who feels good about himself or herself won 't want to do anything wrong. But it is just as reasonable to make an opposite assumption: namely, that a child who has uncritical self-regard w ill conclude that he or she can 't do anything bad. Such naive self-acceptance results in large part from the non-directive （ 无指导性的 ）, non-judgmental （ 无是非观的 ）, as-long-as-you-feel-comfortable-with-your-choices mentality （ 思 想） that has pervaded （ 渗透） public education for the last two and one-half decades. Many of today 's drug education, sex education and values -education courses are based on the same 1960s philosophy that helped fuel the explosion in teen drug use and sexual activity in the first place. Meanwhile, while educators are still fiddling with （ 胡乱摆弄 ） outdated “feel - good ” approaches, New York, Washington, and Los Angeles are burning. Youngsters are leaving school believing that matters of right and wrong are always merely subjective. If you pass a stranger on the street and decide to murder him because you need money —if it feels right —you go with that feeling. Clearly, murder is not taught in our schools, but such a conclusion —just about any conclusion —can be reached and justified using the decision-making method. It is time to consign （ 寄出 ） the fads （风尚 ） of “decision - making ” and “non- judgmentalism ” to the ash heap of failed policies, and return to a proved method. Character education provides a much more realistic approach to moral formation. It is built on an understanding that we learn morality not by debating it but by practicing it. Sample teachers worried about students leaving them
summary 范文
Original: My neighbor's children love playing hide-and-seek as all children do, but no one imagine that a game they played last week would be reported in the local newspaper. One afternoon, they were playing in the vacant lot down the corner. Young Paul, who is only five years old, found the perfect place to hide. His sister, Natalie, had shut her eyes and was counting to ten when Paul noticed the storage mail box at the corner and saw that the metal door was standing open. The mailman had just taken out several sacks of mail and had carried them to his truck which was standing at the curb a few feet away. Paul climbed into the storage box and pulled the door closed so hard that it locked. Soon realizing what he had done, he became frightened and started crying. Meanwhile, Natalie was looking for him everywhere but could not find him. It was lucky that she happened to pause at the corner for a minute and heard her brother's cries. She immediately ran to tell the mailman who hurried back from his truck to unlock the metal door. Paul was now free, but he had had such a bad scare that he could not stop crying. The mailman, however, soon found a way of making him laugh again. He told him that the next time he wanted to hide in a mail box, he should remember to put a stamp on himself! Summary: The children were playing hide-and-seek in a vacant lot one afternoon. Finding that the storage mailbox had been left open, Paul hid and locked himself in it accidentally. His sister, Natalie, heard his cries and realized where he was hiding, so she immediately told the mailman to unlock the metal door. After letting him out, the mailman made him stop crying by telling him to put a stamp on himself the next he wanted to hide in a mailbox. Original: Why do some animals die out? In the past two hundred years people have caused many kinds of animals to die out--to become extinct. People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animals' homes. If the animals can't find a place to live, they die out. Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason. Other animals, such as the Florida Key deer, may soon die out because they are losing their homes.Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct, too. In the last century, hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the buffalos. Today they are fast killing off hawks and wolves. Pollution is killing many animals today, too. As rivers become polluted, fish are poisoned. Many die. Birds that eat the poisoned fish can't lay strong, healthy eggs. New birds aren’t born. So far, no animals have become extinct because of pollution. But some, such as the bald eagle and the brown pelican, have become rare and may die out. Scientists think that some animals become extinct because of changes in climate. The places where they live become hotter or cooler, drier or wetter. The food that they eat cannot grow there any more. If the animals can't learn to eat something else, they die. Dinosaurs may have died out for this reason. Summary:
部门会议总结模板
部门会议总结模板 （文章一）：单位年度会议总结会议总结公司2xx年度工作会议，历时3天半的时间，会议议程已全部进行完毕，总结本次会议的召开，有以下几个特点： （一）、会议规模宏大，时间紧，任务重。本次会议扩大了参会人员的范围，与往年的工作会议相比，增加了公司本部全体人员、省外分支机构的参会代表参加；受表彰的优秀员工、优秀团队、突出贡献、优秀管理者的数量也增加了许多，参会人员数量近200人，是公司成立以来，规模最宏大的一次工作会。会议共进行了9个重要的议题，内容之多是历次工作会之最，虽然历时3天半时间较长，会议进行的非常紧张，会议休息的时间比较少，但参会代表都克服疲劳，认真听取各项会议议程的报告内容，领会会议的精神。并利用会议召开的休息时间，讨论交流会议的精神，座谈会议的落实措施。 （二）、会议召开的形式新颖，效果好，影响大。本次会议改变过去只有公司内部人员参会的会议惯例，特别邀请了园区政府领导及各级政府行业主管部门领导参加会议，听取了政府领导及行业主管部门领导介绍了TCT行业一些新的发展方向以及政府为促进行业发展出台实施的一些新的政策，为公司的发展开阔了新的思路。同时，政府及行业主管部门领导通过听取总经理的工作报告，了解公司的经营规模及公司的发展战略，加大公司对外宣传的力度，扩大公司在政府与行业内的影响力，提高公司的品牌形象，以便争取政府及行业主管部门
领导给予公司更大的指导与支持。会议隆重举行了《xx学院》的开学仪式，为公司系统地打造学习型组织、加强员工技能培训拉开了新的序幕，同时还聘任了55名公司内外部优秀的管理人才和专业技术人才作为公司的内部培训师，组成公司内部培训的培训师团队，为全面提高员工职业素养、专业技能、综合管理水平创造了良好的学习和成长的环境平台。会议借《xx学院》开学的东风，组织了第一堂培训课，由公司聘任的高级培训师毕思强教授给参会人员进行了《企业风险管理》培训，通过培训，使大家提高了对企业风险的认识，充分认识到了公司生产经营管理过程中风险所在，并了解掌握了如何发现风险、评估风险、应对风险、控制风险，以便在工作中加强责任心，减少公司的损失。 （三）、工作总结全面，工作部署条理清晰，目标明确，措施具体。会议对公司过去的工作进行了全面的总结，一是总经理的工作报告从公司的法人治理、企业基础管理、业务运营、问题与不足四个方面对2xx年度各项工作进行了全面的总结，肯定了成绩，提出了不足。从总结情况看，2xx年度，公司各项工作都取得了辉煌的成就，各项经营指标都超额完成目标任务，与上年度相比都有大幅度提高。成绩可喜可贺。对于问题与不足，我们下一步如何去解决克服，是大家需要提出具体实施方案的。二是会议总结表彰了2xx年度在各级战线上涌现出的优秀员工、优秀团队、优秀管理者和突出贡献者，2xx年，公司优秀的个人与团队层出不穷，越来越多，为公司全体员工树立了学习的榜样。通过表彰，弘扬先进，鼓舞士气，打造了公司积极向上、
有关summary的写作技巧
有关s u m m a r y的写作技 巧 Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】
Summary的写法1 一、概括原文 （一）阅读 1.读懂文章 读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2.拆分文章 按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。尽量简短，精炼。 段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。 3.概括主旨 写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。 （二）基本结构和技巧 1.重新拟定标题 给summary起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。 2.阐述观点 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是the
author…….）。接着写出要阐述的main ideas（主要观点）和supporting points （对主要观点的支持）。 3.词汇运用 注意概述的coherence（连贯性），运用好transition words（过渡词）, like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc. 4.删除细节 只保留主要观点。 5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子 原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 6.把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。 “ He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” “His courage in battle might without exag geration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.” 7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如： “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”
会议总结
会议总结 导读：本文是关于会议总结的文章，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享！ 【篇一：会议工作总结】 近年来由我委主办、承办的全国性会议不少，机关服务中心作为会议后勤接待的主要力量参与办会也比较多，与以往相比，这次会议接待工作有许多不同之处：一是接待的来宾人数多、层次高。参会人员约250人，其中省部级领导2人，司局级领导55人。二是会议时间短、活动多。会议8日报到，9日上午开会，下午分赴百色、北海、柳州三路考察，有领导层会见、会议、考察等多项活动，路线分散，增大了组织联络和车辆调度的难度。三是接待过程中的变化多、变数大。国家部委领导行程的变动，会议代表考察分组的调整，带来了有关会务接待、会场、调研等时间、地点的变动，加大了组织协调的工作量和难度。四是多部门联合办会，各部门工作配合方面稍显不畅，虽然任务明确但仍有执行不到位的现象，需要进行大量的补救工作。 面对这些矛盾和问题，我机关服务中心从容应对、团结协作、周密组织、及时补台，使整个接待服务工作紧张有序、协调运转，概括起来讲，有以下几个特点： （一）前期工作准备充分，谋划到位。为做好会务接待服务工作，我中心领导十分重视，在会议召开前半个月，就抽调有经验的同志参与会务准备工作，中心组建了报到组、会场组、用餐组、交通组等四
个小组，制定详细的工作方案、明确各小组责任、落实工作任务。会议8日报到，4日～6日是端午节放假，为了节后全国城镇污水处理设施建设及运营经验交流会议顺利召开，节前中心领导又召集各小组工作人员就工作细案、准备情况逐一进行指导、询问，要求大家节日期间放弃休息时间，进一步和有关部门、环资处对接，全力以赴做好会务保障工作。节前，基本完成会议的食宿、会场、宴请、会议用品、礼品等安排和制作。由于谋划超前，各项工作紧张有序，十分到位，为会议期间接待服务工作奠定了良好的基础。 （二）各项活动组织周密，井然有序。根据本次会议的特点，我们总结以往联合办会的接待经验，坚持从大处着眼，小处着手，对会务工作从整体上周全考虑，系统安排，在报到、住宿、宴请、就餐、会议、交通以及考察活动等各个环节、各个岗位都确定专人负责，确保了各项工作顺利开展。报到小组安排礼仪人员着民族服装配合交通组到机场迎宾，及时收集代表返程信息，安排工作人员到代表入住各楼内服务，提前制作分组考察名单、乘车安排，配合环资处安排随车联络员全程跟踪服务。在接待宴会组织上，配合接待办提前编排席次，印发宴请名单，通知出席会见、宴会的有关领导，安排好国家部委领导住宿楼内的用餐。在会场布置上，会场组按照“一切为了会议，一切为了会议代表”的要求，会场组各位同志，在所负责的各项工作、各个环节中，任劳任怨，精益求精，为提高会议的效果发挥了积极作用。在代表接送上，有专人全程引领，专车来回接送，在会议驻地荔园山庄安排机动车辆24小时值班服务，司乘人员坚守岗位，人不离
一篇英语summary范文英语Summary写
一篇英语summary范文英语Summary写第一步：阅读 A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B.给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。 C.现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步：动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。
B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧： 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例： “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”
summary好例子
Steps to Writing a Summary 1.Read and understand the prompt or writing directions. What are you being asked to write about? Example: Summary of an Article Write a summary of the article. Your writing will be scored on how well you: ?state the main ideas of the article; ?identify the most important details that support the main ideas; ?write your summary in your own words, except for quotations; and ?express the underlying meaning of the article, not just the superficial details. 2. Read, think about, and understand the text. Review the material to make sure you know it well. Use a dictionary or context clues to figure out the meaning of any important words that you don’t know. 3. Take notes. Write down the main ideas and important details of the article. 4.Write a thesis statement. In a single sentence, state the main idea of the article. The thesis statement should mention the underlying meaning of the article, not just the superficial details. 5. Organize and outline ideas. Write down the important details you need to include in the summary. Put them in a logical order. Topic Sentence: Evidence: #1: #2: #3: 6.Write your essay. ?Your summary should be about one third of the length of the original article. ?Focus on the main point of the article and the most important details. ?Use your own words; avoid copying phrases and sentences from the article unless they’re direct quotations. 7.Revise. Have you indented all paragraphs? Have you captured the main point of the article? Have you included the most important details? Is there sentence variety? Have you avoided writing short, choppy sentences? Are there transitional words and phrases to connect ideas? 8. Proofread and edit. Check your spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Is the verb tense consistent? Are all names spelled correctly and capitalized? Have you avoided writing run-on sentences and sentence fragments? 9. Write your draft. Use blue or black ink. Skip lines. Write on one side of the paper only. Include a title on the top line. 10. Read your summary one last time before you turn it in. Look for careless spelling, punctuation, and grammar errors, especially omitted words or letters. Cross out errors neatly with a single line and write the correction above. Original Article: Bats In the distant past, many people thought bats had magical powers, but times have changed. Today, many people believe that bats are rodents, that they cannot see, and that they are more likely than other animals to carry rabies. All of these beliefs are mistaken. Bats are not rodents, are not blind, and are no more likely than dogs and cats to transmit rabies. Bats, in fact, are among the least understood and least appreciated of animals. Bats are not rodents with wings, contrary to popular belief. Like all rodents, bats are mammals, but they have a skeleton similar to the human skeleton. The bones in bat wings are much like those in arms and the human hand, with a thumb and four fingers. In bats, the bones of the arms and the four fingers of the hands are very long. This bone structure helps support the web of skin that stretches from the body to the ends of the fingers to form wings. Although bats cannot see colors, they have good vision in both dim and bright light. Since most bats stay in darkness during the day and do their feeding at night, they do not use their vision to maneuver in the dark but use a process called echolocation. This process enables bats to emit sounds from their mouths that bounce off objects and allow them to avoid the objects when flying. They use this system to locate flying insects to feed on as well. Typically, insect-eating bats emerge at dusk and fly to streams or ponds where they feed. They catch the insects on their wingtip or tail membrane and fling them into their mouths while flying. There are about 1,000 species of bat, ranging in size from the bumblebee bat, which is about an inch long, to the flying fox, which is sixteen inches long and has a wingspan of five feet. Each type of bat has a specialized diet. For seventy percent of bats, the diet is insects. Other types of bats feed on flowers, pollen, nectar, and fruit or on small animals such as birds, mice, lizards, and frogs. (continued on back)
会议总结报告怎么写
会议总结报告怎么写 一、会议报告的性质 (一)会议报告的概念 会议报告，是在重要会议和群众集会上，主要领导人或相关代表人物发表的指导性讲话。它是一种书面文字材料，又是会议文件的重要组成部分和贯彻会议精神的依据，还是供查阅的历史资料。它包括政治报告、工作报告、动员报告、总结报告、典型发言、开幕词、闭幕词等。会议报告具有宣传、鼓动、教育作用。这些作用是通过报告人的报告和听众的接受来实现的。因而，有时为了让更多的人知道报告内容，广播电台、电视台可进行现场转播，报刊也可登载。如党的十七大报告。 (二)会议报告的特点 1.理论性和逻辑性。会议报告是领导人在大型会议上或重要场合作的有关政治、经济、文化和局势等方面的报告，是以领导或领导代表的身份站在决策集团角度上所发表的讲话。它在广泛深入调研、充分占有材料的基础上，纵览全局，找准焦点，围绕实际工作中出现的问题，尤其是那些迫切需要解决的，带有普遍性的，人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实利益问题进行透彻分析，细致研究，从而抓住问题的关键，
对症下药，达到推动各项工作健康发展的目的。所以，在分析研究中，它必须依据有关方针政策，结合实际地对所提建议、对策、问题等进行认真研究，反复推敲，从理论和实际的结合上把握哪些是最有价值、最需要解决的问题，它充分考虑所提意见的针对性、正确性、合理性、可靠性，使意见和措施能真正有助于解决实际问题。因而，会议报告既注重事实分析，又必须从理论的高度上进行归纳概括，进而指导实践，有较强的理论性和逻辑性。 2.双向性和交流性。会议报告依据讲话稿直面听众公开发表讲话，具有直接性、当众性、范围广、影响大的特点，在领导活动中具有特殊的地位和作用。正是由于这种面对面的宣讲传播形式，就使主体和客体之间在时间、空间上的结合比较紧密，“报告”的成功与否，不决定于形式，即过程的结束，很大程度取决于主体对客体的“磁性”交流强度，即吸引力的大校这种报告的吸引力既决定于报告的文采或领导的演讲口才，又决定于听众是否接受。而且更关键的还取决于报告内容是否为受众认可，是否反映了实际情况。所以，会议报告实际上是一种在时间、空间上获得统一的、由报告主体和受众客体双向结合的交流形式。 3.切实性和针对性。会议报告的核心，是对实际问题的分析和解决。它一般要总结成绩经验、说明现状和存在问题，部署工作，规划未来等。它要求在分析的基础上提出解决问题的意见或对策，具有很强的