新概念英语第三册详细教学笔记lesson1 A puma at large

新概念英语第三册详细教学笔记lesson1 A puma at large
新概念英语第三册详细教学笔记lesson1 A puma at large

Lesson 01 A Puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮

Boys and girls, welcome to our new concept english book 3.

Please open your textbook at page 14.

Let?s begin to our lesson one A Puma at large.

If we want to study the text well ,we must be familiar with the words of course. [f?'mili?]

So read these words after me aloud.

It is necessary for us to know the vocabulary ,of course i should say .to know the expression after vocabulary .we must learn how to use them .so when we learn a word we must put it in a sentence,and when we study a key structure ,we must put it in a little passage or paragraph.

New words and expression 生词和短语

学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的,要把单词放在语句中体会其应用

学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里

It?s about the time to study how to use the words one by one .particularly the important words .so first spot.

puma n.美洲狮

A.Spot is a transitive word,it means v.看出, 发现及物

= see, pick out, recognize, catch sight of强调结果, 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发现

For example .

-- A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.

-- He has good eye for spotting mistakes.识别错误的洞察力

辨析同意词:

-- find:强调发现的结果/ find out:查出事实真相

-- discover:表示做出重大发现make a discover / notice:注意到

-- observe:观察/ watch:观察活动中的人或画面

So please read these words aloud.

Besides, Y ou should make sure how to use them.

Spot n.斑点

-- There is a white spot on the shirt.

那我们知道,英文中的介词短语浮现率是非常高的,所以英文也经常被称之为介词语言。Ok, do you know how to use on the spot?It has two meanings.

重点突出的表达方式,on the spot

on the spot有两个含义:

1> 立刻, 马上(it means at once, immediately)不正式的表达方式。

-- Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.任何一个违反条令的人马上会被请求离开。

2> secondly ,it means at the place of the action 在现场

-- Wherever she is needed, she is quickly on the spot.迅速赶到现场

Ok let?s go on to study the next word .

B.Evidence n.证据(不可数名词)it’s a uncountable noun.

Evident adj.明显的, 显然的/ evidently adv.明显地, 显然

Evidence = proof (n.证据)

Ok. Now try to translate the following sentence into Chinese .

-- When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.销毁证据

The Evidence = means proof (n.证据)

Now ,we have got a very good verb phrase with prepositional phrase.[,prep?'zith?nl]我们有一个非常好的介词短语要介绍给大家。

in evidence 显而易见的

-- He was in evidence at the party.很突出

我们在应用的时候要注意到evidence的形容词evidentiary 有根据的,证据的;副词evidently 显然地,明显地,清楚地

Ok,please read after me .evidence / in evidence 显而易见的/evidentiary [,evi'denx?ri]/

evidently

C.Accumulate v.积累, 积聚(强调积累的过程)this is a transitive and intransitive verb.及物不及物动词,means make or become greater ,in quantity 数量or quality 质量Listen to me ,of course you can predict the listening where we should learning in the textbooks.

-- As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.随着证据的积累,动物园的专家们觉得有必要要进行调查了。

同义词

Gather vt. 及物transitive verb 、聚集, 把某人召集在某处

-- The teacher gathered his students in the class

Collect vt.搜集, 采集

-- Do you collect stamps?集邮Y es, I collect stamps as my hobby.(n.业余爱好)

Assemble [?'semb(?)l] v.t集合, 集会/ 装配

-- A large number of people assemble on the square.

扩充。

Hoard [ho?d] vt. 大量的储存(-- hoard up = store up 储藏)

Now listen to me and try to translate my sentence to chinese .

-- The squirrel ['skwi r(?)l]hoards up nuts for the cold winter (squirrel n.松鼠)(nut n.坚果)

(-- hoard up = store up 储藏)

amass [?'m?s] vt.积聚(主要用于诗歌和文学作品)means come together

-- The clouds amassed above the hills 云在山顶聚集

Let’s study the next word,

D.Oblige[?'blaidj]v.使…感到必须this is a transitive verb,it means make sb feel it?s necessary to do sth.

主要用于过去分词形式短语

feel obliged to do sth 感觉有必要做某事

-- I feel obliged to say no to his demand(n.要求, 需要)

be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事

-- They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debts [det] off.(debt n.债务)pay off 偿还Everybody ? Remember?

E.hunt is verb and noun .v.n.追猎, 寻找(hunt for)

-- The experts from London zoo began to hunt (v.) for a puma.

-- The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. (prove vt.证明, 证实)

search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物

-- The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.

run after 强调追赶, 追求

-- look, a dog is running after a cat

-- what are you run after in your life

seek = pursue [p?'sju?]v.追寻(理想)比hunt 要更强烈

chase [tfeis] v.追赶追逐;追赶;追击

(-- They are chasing a thief / They are running after a thief)

Ok ,so much for this word.

blackberry n.黑莓/ berry n.浆果

human being 人类

F.corner corner IS a noun we have learned it . n.角落

-- at the corner of the street -- in the corner of the room -- on the corner of the desk Besides.the word corner is a transitive verb. It means make sb. Or sth. Into a difficult or a dangerous position.

v.使走投无路, 使陷入困境作为动词, 经常使用被动语态

-- The thief was cornered at last

-- The problem cornered me.引申含义/问题难道我们了。

G.Trail n.一串, 一系列

trail vt. 跟踪, 追踪(= follow)

Ok,translate my sentence.

-- The police trailed the criminal ['krimin(?)l]to the place where he was hiding(criminal n.罪犯)Print n.印痕

H.Cling v.粘(clung, clung, clinging)intransitive verb 抱有,怀有

-- She is always clinging to her mother.

-- He clung to the hope that he would succeed. 他怀有成功的希望

辨析

stick v.粘住(-- stick the envelop)n.信封[in'vil?p]

stick to 坚持(-- stick to the plan / stick to one?s promise)n.许诺

sticky adj.粘的(-- sticky fingers)

The next important word, i should say . you must be quite sure how to use the word convince. I.convince transitive verb v.使…信服call sb. To Believe or feel certain .

主要结构

1>convince sb of sth -- I convince him of my honesty.(n.诚实, 正直)我使他相信我的诚实。

2> 和宾语从句结构搭配。be convinced that…

如果我们要强调这样的引语句结构,动物园的专家们相信了这个动物就是美洲狮、我们没有提到使之相信,而只是相信了,所以没有宾语的情况下,要采用主系表结构,也就是be convinced.

The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma.

-- I am convinced that she is honest girl.(adj.诚实的, 正直的)

J.somehow adv.不知怎么地, 不知什么原因,无论如何

Means = by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown

-- I?ll get the book back somehow. 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。

-- I got lost somehow 不知怎么搞地, 我迷失了。

We must tell the difference between somewhat and somehow.

Somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些(= a little)

-- The price is somewhat higher than I expect.(high adj.高的)

K.disturb v.令人不安

This is a transitive verb. It means Called a person to Be annoyed ,to be worried ,to be upset ,to be anxious.

Y ou disturbed me .你让我很不安。

形容词形式有两种

disturbing adj.令人不安的/ disturbed adj.感到不安的

Surprise surprising adj.令人惊讶的/ surprised adj.感到惊讶的

exciting adj.令人激动的/ excited adj.感到激动的

wild adj.野性的, 野生的

investigate v.调查, 研究

description n.描写, 描述

extraordinarily adv.特别地,非常地,格外

similar adj.相似的, 类似的

attack vt.攻击

difficult adj.困难的, 艰难的difficulty n.困难, 难点

rabbit n.兔, 野兔

paw n.手掌, 手爪

fur n.毛皮, 毛, 软毛

bush n.矮树丛

fully adv.充分地, 完全地

collector n.收藏家, 征收者

So much for vocabulary ,and then let?s go on to learn the passage .

Text 课文

A.A puma at large .at first ,i think you must want to learn how to use at large.

at large 逃遁的, 没有被控制的-- The thief is still at large逍遥法外

at large 详细地(= in detail)n.细节, 详情-- I need talk to you at large

at large 总体来讲(= as a whole)

-- The students at large are hungry for English. (hungry adj.饥饿的, 渴望的)都渴望学好英语

In the text ,The first paragraph is very important . Because in the first paragraph,the writer had sum up what had happened ,how and why.

英文表达方式中作者最先呈现的是事件的结果。在议论文写作中药注意把握观点,即topic,和中文写作风格有所不同。

Ok.,let?s study the wonderful sentence in this line .

According this sentence we know pumas are found in america .

B.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.

句子的主干Pumas are large, cat-like animals,而which所引导的定语从句来修饰说明animals.

在英文的表达方式中,首先呈现给读者的是结果(和中文不同)

英文擅长用长句,特别在书面语言中,中文擅长用短句。

Well, let?s make a sentence .熊猫是猫一样的动物,产于亚洲。

-- Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia. ['eix?](panda n.熊猫)

cat-like 合成词、猫一样的, 偷偷摸摸的/ dog-like 狗一样的/ life-like 栩栩如生的,逼真的

C.When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles

south of London, they were not taken seriously.

Maybe it?s a little difficult for some students,now ,let me reorganize the piece of structure 让我们重新组装这个结构。

When reports that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London

came into London Zoo .

这里的that引导的从句讲诉了report 的基本内涵及内容;所以它是report的同位语。

一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词的后面,但为了保持句子平衡,也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前,以避免头重脚轻。

Well, some students might can?t tell the difference between those two kinds of clauses.(adjective clauses 定语从句& appositive clause同位语从句)

1> 定语从句adjective clauses只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰

-- 定语从句的引导词:

-- 指人:主语who;宾语who, whom;定语 whose

-- 指物:that(也可以指人)/ which

-- 时间状语:when / 地点状语:where / 原因状语:why

2> 同位语从句appositive clause则是讲述被修饰名词的内容

可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。

-- 同位语从句的引导词:

-- 名词(做主语、宾语等):关系词用that而不是which

-- 时间:when;地点:where

-- 定语从句中没有what这个关系词,但what可以引导同位语从句

Ok,please try to translate the following sentences and you should consider what we should use ,which or that .

她想到了一个主意,就是要以另一种方式来做这个实验。

In fact ,we have got the information of the idea .事实上,我们对idea这个词来判断,这是个同位语从句。

-- An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.套用本句型的句子结构,

把谓语动词调到从句之前。

我不知道究竟发生了什么。

-- I have no idea what has happened to him.这里要注意,在定语从句中没有what 这个关系词,而what 可以引导同位语从句

D.Well , Please pay more attention to the following sentence.

they were not taken seriously(they指代reports)看清上下文代词they指代着什么,they refers to reports.这些报告并没有收到人们很认真的对待。

take sth seriously = it means deal with sth seriously 认真地对待某事

Eg -- I always take your suggestions seriously.

take sth lightly 草率地对待某事(lightly adv.轻率地)

-- Don?t take the hot potato lightly (hot potato n.棘手的问题)

E.Ok , let’s move back to line 4.

However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.

However adv.然而(起转折作用) 要依据上下文,表示与所遇到的情况恰恰相反

That?s say,even through the report were not taken seriously ,the experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate as the evidence began to accumulate.

虽然这些报告没有受到人们的重视,但随着证据的积累,动物园的专家们还是有必要进行调查。However 也就表示专家还是开始调查了。

as the evidence began to accumulate,

As 连词:随着, 当...之时

过去分词做定语:

-- the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.

Given by people 修饰description

-- the story told by the sailor (['seil?]n.海员, 水手, 船员)

-- a book written by Luxun

claim to have done sth 声称曾经做过某事

-- He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.

F.W ell ,this is the first paragraph.in the second paragraph ,the writer expounded 阐述how the experts hunt the puma in details .

The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw

‘a large cat' only five yards away from her.

So we know a woman saw …a large cat like ' animal in a small village and The hunt for the puma began pick it .这位女士发型了这个美洲豹,猎捕行动也就在这个村庄里实施了。

我们首先还是要把握定语从句的进一步用法。

Where a woman picking…定语从句

a woman picking blackberries saw …a large cat' in a small village

in a small village 做地点状语。用关系词where 引导。

Well ,try to translate my sentence ,我依旧还记得我学英语时的那个学校。

-- I still remember the school where I studied English.

And the puma was not far from her .only five yards away from her.只有五码远的距离。

G.It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not att ack a human being unless it is cornered.

Well,this sentence is very important ,

Confirm = be sure = be certain (confirm vt.确定)

experts be sure that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered.

Unless it is cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj.如果不, 除非) if not

如果不是被逼走投无路,他是不会伤害人类的。

-- He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.

H.The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the mornin g and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.

search = hunt why ?for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning

and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.so ,it was very difficult for the experts to hunt puma .

I.Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.

这里出现了三个it ,Wherever it went,it refers to puma ;it left behind it ,两个it 均指代puma. 由于宾语过长,a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.置于句末。

left behind it 置于定语之前

把某物留在后面:leave behind

伤员所到之处都留下一道道血迹。

-- Wherever he went, the wound soldiers left behind him a trail of blood.(n.血)

J.Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.

英文表达方式习惯用被动语态, 突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执行者。

It is unnecessary to point out who found Paw prints

-- clinging to bushes是现在分词短语做宾补。强调正粘在灌木丛上。

Ok,let?s try to trans the sentence to the active voice变成主动语态。

Puma fur was found clinging to bushes. (被动)

We found the puma fur clinging to bushes. (主动)添加主语we

我们看到这个小女孩正缠着她的妈妈。

We found the little girl clinging to her mother .

The girl was found clinging to her mother .(被)well ,don?t you think it is easy ?

K.Several people complained of "cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing t rip saw the puma up a tree.

complain of/about sth 抱怨某事

a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree.

on a fishing trip 介词短语修饰businessman

on+名词:强调动作正在进行

-- on the rise 在上升/ on the increase 在增加

-- on the watch 在观看/ on the match 在比赛中

-- on the fishing trip 在钓鱼的途中/ on holiday 在度假

L.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it com e from?

Fully(adv.充分地, 完全地)修饰convinced ,means = completely = entirely

but where had it come from?

M.As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must hav e been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.

sth be in the possession of sb = sth be in sb's possession 某物归某人所有(主语是物)

这辆漂亮的车是属于我的。

-- The beautiful car is in my possession.= The beautiful car is in the possession of me.

Sb be in possession of sth 某人拥有某物(主语是人)主动概念

我拥有这辆漂亮的车。

-- I am in possession of the beautiful car.(in possession of…做表语)

-- The person in possession of the big house is excited. (in possession of…做定语)

take possession of…拥有…及物动词短语表示拥有

N.The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught.

Went on = lasted (last vi.继续, 持续)

O.It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet country

side.

It 做形式主语,而真正主语是that所引导的从句,为保持句式平衡。

It is disturbing to think that... 一想到…就心理不安

-- It is disturbing to think that I fail my examination

So,what make you disturbed ?the fail of my examination

in the quiet countryside 在宁静的山村

after the text ,you …d better recite 背诵the first paragraph After reading it over and over again , And complete the exercises summary writing and composition,special difficulties and multiple choice questions.

回顾本课重点短语。Ok ,let?s review the expressions we have hearned.

at large 逃遁的, 没有被控制的at large 详细地(= in detail)n.细节, 详情at large 总体来讲(= as a whole)

take sth seriously 认真地对待某事

take sth lightly 草率地对待某事

claim to have done sth 声称曾经做过某事

Confirm = be sure = be certain (confirm vt.确定)

把某物留在后面:leave behind

Cling to 粘;依附于

complain of/about sth 抱怨某事

sth be in the possession of sb = sth be in sb's possession 某物归某人所有(主语是物)

Sb be in possession of sth 某人拥有某物(主语是人)主动概念

take possession of…拥有…及物动词短语表示拥有

a woman picking blackberries一个正在采黑莓的女士。

felt obliged to investigate感到有必要进行调查。

a businessman on a fishing trip一个正在钓鱼的商人。

went on for several weeks持续了几周的时间

We should finish our exercises.please oped your book at page 16

Special difficulties 难点

Exercises A

1. at/for

2. to

3. to

4. in

5. on

Exercises B

1. He is the man we have heard about so much.

2. The shelf you put those books on has collapsed.(vi.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解)

3.Whom did you receive a letter from?

特殊疑问句中whom 不能省略(本句)。

定语从句中Which以及指代人的做宾语的Whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。

省略时,介词不能前置到关系代词Whom, Which前,只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。

固定的动词短语

look for:寻找(去掉for后look没有寻找的意思,所以介词for不能前置)

非固定的动词短语

look at:注视

live in:居住(去掉in后live仍有居住的意思,所以介词in可以前置)

This is the old house in which he lived. = This is the old house he lived in.

4.This is the road we came by?

5.Where is the pencil you were playing with?

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1…正确答案:D in common adv.共有(替换了similar)

2…正确答案:B

A)只是一个具体的特定的事列,阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意B) large cat persuade v.说服, 劝说

3…答案正确:C

做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意。文章最后一句话总结了大意

句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键

4…答案正确:C

Make的用法:

make somebody do(在主动语态中不定式的符号to应该省略)

be made to do(被动语态中不定式的符号to必须补充完整)

-- They made her wait for hours. She was made to wait for hours.

5…答案正确:D

A)把say改成claim就对了(-- People claimed to have seen the puma.)

D)清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系

6…正确答案:B

原句中的 when引导的时间状语从句表示:-...就…(as soon as)

被动:On being observed, it immediately ran away.

主动:On observing her, it immediately ran away.

On seeing me, he waved to me.

7…正确答案:D

except可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配(也可是when/if引导的从句形式)

It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered.

unless = if...not = except on the condition that…

when = if

-- …except when they are cornered. = …except if they are cornered.

-- Whenever you come, you are welcome. = If ever you come, you are welcome.

8…正确答案:D

A)must be只是对客观现实的推测,时态不一致

-- 对于过去事实推测一定要用:情态动词+ have +过去分词

9…正确答案:C

on more than = nothing more than = only / within = not more than

10…正确答案:B

in a corner 偷偷摸摸地, 暗中地, 秘密地

in a trap 落于陷阱中

at an angle 不正的, 倾斜的(angle n.角, 角度, 角落, 墙角, 棱角)

under cover 在遮蔽处, 秘密地, 暗中

11... 正确答案:B

fishes for pleasure 钓鱼消遣travel for pleasure 外出游玩read for pleasure 阅读消遣12… on one's own adv.独自地, 独立地, 主动地(= alone)

for one's own benefit 为了某人自己的利益

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