中国四大发明英文介绍
Hello everyone. Today I’m going to talk about the Four Great Inventions of the Ancient China.
Do you know their name in English? If you don’t, let me introduce to you.
Papermaking technology
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun summed up the experience of forefathers, began to improve papermaking technology. He used a lot of simple things and produced the ‘Cai Hou’paper. This kind of paper is thin and can write easily. He made enormous contribution for China. It was produced to other countries after about 500 years.
Typography
Typography is a kind of printing. Before printing was invented, people had to record information by writing or other ways. But it always took a lot of time. Then Bi Sheng invented typography and improved the printing technology. It began to take less time and become easy to record information. It’s a great achievement in the history.
Compass
It was invented in the Warring States. After people found that a magnet could give directions, the compass was invented. It was a magnet made into a shape of spoon. When it stops, the spoon can point to the south. Then, it was produced to Europe in the 13th century. Not everywhere has
a lighthouse, so a compass is very useful for sailing. Even at a new place people will not lose their way with a compass.
Gunpowder
Gunpowder is also called black powder. It was invented in Tang Dynasty, about 9th century. It began to be used in military affairs and made great contribution for China. Guns, aircrafts could be invented afterwards.
Papermaking technology, typography, compass and gunpowder are Four Great Inventions of the Ancient China. They have made great contributions for people all over the world. As a Chinese person, we should remember and be proud of them.
That’s all for my duty. Thank you for listening.
1.sum sum up 总结
2.forefather ['f?:,fɑ:e?] 前人
3.be produced to 传入
4.typography [tai'p?gr?fi] 活字印刷术
https://www.360docs.net/doc/739255633.html,pass ['k?mp?s] 指南针
6.the Warring States 战国
7.magnet ['m?gnit] 磁铁,磁石
8.Gunpowder ['g?n,paud?] 火药
https://www.360docs.net/doc/739255633.html,itary affairs 军事
四大发明简介(中英文版本)
China Ancient Four Inventions Compass, gunpowder['ɡ?n,paud?], papermaking skill and typography[tai'p?ɡr?fi], is China ancient['ein??nt] four inventions, it is one of the signs that China become to the ancient civilized['sivilaizd]country, occupy['?kjupai]the important position in the history of human civilization[,sivilai'zei??n]. 罗盘、火药、造纸术和印刷术,是中国古代四大发明,这是中国成为这古老文明的国家，占据在人类文明史上占有重要地位的标志之一。 1. Compass指南针 The invention of the compass is the result of China ancient working people know to the object magnetism['m?ɡnitiz?m] in the long-term practice. 指南针的发明是我国古代劳动人民长期实践中认识到物体的磁性的结果。Because of productive labor['leib?], people have found the characteristic[,k?r?kt?'ristik] of the magnet['m?ɡnit]pointing to direction. Through experiment and research in many ways, invented the Compass at last. 由于生产劳动,人们已经发现了磁铁的指出方向的特点。通过试验和在许多方面的研究,发明了指南针。 The Compass give play to important function['f??k??n] in the navigation[,n?vi'ɡei??n] after introducing to Europ['ju?r?p]e. 指南针在传入欧洲后，在导航上发挥了重要的作用 2. Gunpowder火药 The gunpowder is made of niter, sulfur['s?lf?]and charcoal['t?ɑ:k?ul]three kinds of materials[m?'ti?ri?lz] mixing. 火药是由硝石、硫和木炭三种原料混合制成的。 In the Tang Dynasty['din?sti], the gunpowder begins to be applied[?'plaid]to the military['milit?ri] affairs [?'fε?]. 唐朝，火药开始应用到军事上。 People utilize['ju:tilaiz]the throwing stone machine [m?'?i:n], light the gunpowder bag and throw out, burn the enemy['enimi], this is the most primitive['primitiv]cannon ['k?n?n]. 人们利用抛射石头的抛石机，把火药包点着以后，抛射出去，烧伤敌人，这是最原始的火炮。 3. Papermaking skill造纸术
制作中国四大发明英语小报(手抄报
造纸术 造纸术是中国四大发明之一，纸是中国古代劳动人民长期经验的积累和智慧的结晶，它是人类文明史上的一项杰出的发明创造。东汉元兴元年（105）蔡伦改进了造纸术。他用树皮、麻头及敝布、鱼网等原料，经过挫、捣、炒、烘等工艺制造的纸，是现代纸的渊源。为纪念蔡伦的功绩，后人把这种纸叫做“蔡侯纸”。 纸是中国劳动人民长期经验的积累和智慧的结晶，纸是用以书写、印刷、绘画或包装等的片状纤维制品。 火药 火药是中国四大发明之一。人类文明史上的一项杰出的成就。火药，顾名思义，可由火花、火焰等引起剧烈燃烧的药剂。火药是以其杀伤力和震慑力，带给人类消停战事、安全防卫的作用，成为了人类文明重要发明之一。 四大发明 四大发明是关于中国科学技术史的一种观点，是指中国古代对世界具有很大影响的四种发明，是中国古代劳动人民的重要创造，是指造纸术、指南针、火药及印刷术。此一说法最早由英国汉学家艾约瑟提出并为后来许多中国的历史学家所继承，普遍认为这四种发明对中国古代的政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用，且这些发明经由各种途径传至西方，对世界文明发展史也产生了很大的影响。这个发明清单被后来的著名英国生化学家、历史学家和汉学家李约瑟发扬光大。 指南针 指南针，古代叫司南，主要组成部分是一根装在轴上的磁针，磁针在天然地磁场的作用下可以自由转动并保持在磁子午线的切线方向上，磁针的北极指向地理的南极，利用这一性能可以辨别方向。 印刷术 印刷术是中国古代劳动人民的四大发明之一。雕版印刷术发明于唐朝，并在唐朝中后期普遍使用。宋仁宗时毕昇发明了活字印刷术。宋朝虽然出现活字印刷术，但并未普遍使用，而仍然是普遍使用雕版印刷术。
四大发明英语六级翻译练习
四大发明英语六级翻译练习 英语六级翻译模拟练习题：四大发明请将下面这段话翻译成英文：中国的四大发明包括指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术，它们是中 国在人类文明史上占有重要地位的标志之一。第一个指南针产生于战国 时期(the Warring States Period)，是利用天然磁石(natural magnet)来辨别 方向的一种简单仪器。火药发明于隋唐时期，主要应用于军事领域，造 纸术于东汉年间由蔡伦改进，使纸成为人们普遍使用的书写材料。印刷 术，又称活字印刷术，大大促进了文化的传播。四大发明对世界经济的 发展和人类文化的进步做出了巨大的贡献。 参考翻译: Four great inventions of China include thecompass,gun powder,the paper-making techniqueand the printing technique.They are one of themarks that China occupies an important position inthe history of human civilization.The first compasswas invented during the Warring States Period.It was a simple device employing naturalmagnets to identify directions.Gunpowder was invented in Sui and Tang Dynasties and wasmainly used in military areas.The paper-making technique was developed by Cai Lun in theEastern Han Dynasty,making paper a commonly used writing material.The Printingtechnique,also called movable type printing,promoted the spread of culture significantly.Thefour great inventions of China made tremendous contribution to the development of theworld's economy and the progress of the culture of mankind. 1.第二句的主干是“它们是标志之一”，“标志(mark)”的定语很 长，可用that 引导的定语从句来修饰。 2.第三句“第一个指南针…”较长，可拆译为两个句子，前一句说
介绍中国四大菜系英语口语对话
周：In China,there are so many delicious foods.Here we just talk about the four great traditions of Chinese cuisine.do you know where did they come from? 张: Iknow it. They came from Sichuan, Guangdong, jiangsu, shangdong provinces. 周: good. What is the most famous and favorite dish in Chongqing? 高: oh, it is Hot pot. Chongqing local people consider the hot pot a local specialty, which is noted for its peppery and hot taste.Hotpot can be found wherever there are street vendors or small restaurants, chongqing Hot pot has the greatest variety and is known for its delicious soup base and dipping sauce. do you likespicy？周: yes, I like spicy, and I like Sichuan cuisine.it is famous for its spicy and hot food. It's hotter than other food. it is based on a wide range of seasonings and varied, diverse cuisine, refreshing taste醇浓both to take advantage of that hot, 汪: yes. sichuan cuisine really very good.What is really special about Sichuan cuisine is the use of Chinese prickly ash seeds,the taste of which leaves a feeling of numbness on your tongue and mouth. 高: what’s your favourite dish? 汪:oh, I like spicy tofu. It is one of the most famous dishes from Sichuan cuisine. The dish features the trademark “hot”spiciness along with the charateristicially tongue-numbing nature of Sichuan’s flavourful food. 高：how about you,B? 周:I like gongbao chicken.The famous chicken-with-peanuts dish from Sichuan, now loved all over China. I think it is my favorite Chinese dish! Still, not easy to get those flavours right - it should be spicy, hot, numbing, garlicky , gingery and sweet, all at the same time! 王: oh ,sichuan cuisine is too spicy for me. I like a little light food. Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food form along the lower Yangtze river. One famous dish is west lake vinegar fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature. 刘: I know another famous dish in zhengjiang cuisine. It is called dongpo meat. This dish of streaky pork is prepared over a slow fire where the big chunks of pork are braised with green onion, ginger, cooking wine, soy sauce, and suger. Thefinished dish is bright red in color and the meat is tender and juicy. 王, you are form Shandong province. Cloud you give us an introduction of Shandong cuisine?
新四大发明 The New Four Inventions_英语作文
新四大发明The New Four Inventions In the old China, the four inventions have great influence on the civilization. However, with the development of technology, the foreigners make a conclusion of the new four inventions of China. They speak highly of Chinese homemade softwares, which bring great convenience to them. 在旧中国，四大发明对文明有着很大的影响。然而，随着科技的发展，外国人总结出了中国新的四大发明。他们赞扬中国制造的软件带来的巨大便利。 According to the research, foreigners who come to China to live for a while will be amazed by Chinese development. They get used to using Chinese softwares and they believe that Ofo, Alipay, Taobao and high speed train are the new four inventions, which influence their life greatly. They even play the joke that they can’t live without these equipment. They desire to bring these products back to their countries. 据研究，在中国住过一段时间的外国人都会讶于中国的发展。他们习惯于使用中国软件，认为共享单车，支付宝，淘宝，高铁是新四大发明，它们大大的影响着他们的生活。他们甚至开玩笑说，他们的生活
英语介绍
Cantonese Food: Background In China, folk has a saying: “People take food as their first need.” Cantonese (Yue) cuisine comes from Canton in southern China. Of all the regional varieties of Chinese cuisine, Cantonese is renowned both inside and outside China. Its prominence outside China is due to the great numbers of early emigrants from Guangdong. In China, too, it enjoys great prestige among the eight great traditions of Chinese cuisine, and Cantonese chefs are highly sought after throughout the country. Cantonese cuisine draws upon a great diversity of ingredients, as Canton has been a trading port since the days of the Thirteen Factories, bringing with it many imported foods and ingredients. Besides pork, beef, and chicken, Cantonese cuisine incorporates almost all edible meats, including organ meats, chicken feet, duck tongue, snakes, and snails. However, lamb and goat is rarely eaten, unlike in cuisines of Northern or Western China. Many cooking methods are used—steaming and stir-frying being the most favoured. Cantonese cuisine is one of the eight great traditions of Chinese cuisine .With it's own climate and customs, Cantonese has formed a complete system of cooking skills and unique cooking characteristics, Guangzhou is the paradise of dainty food. 粤菜是中国八大菜系之一。根据自身的气候和习俗,广东形成一个完整的系统的烹调技艺和独 特的烹饪特点,广州是美味食物的天堂。 Be famous for the taste of light、fresh、crispy、tender、smooth which stand for south china’s character. ——讲究清、鲜、爽、嫩、滑，体现浓厚的岭南特色。 Cantonese cuisine features light and fresh with a clear and fragrant smell.light foods are served in summer and autumn,and strong foods in winter and spring. ——粤菜注重质和味，口味比较清淡，力求清中有鲜、淡中求美。夏秋偏重清淡，冬春偏重滋补。 Cantonese originated in Han dynasty ---粤菜起源于汉朝 Cooking skill matured in Song dynasty andTang dynasty as Canton has been a trading port. ---由于广州是当时的一个贸易港口，粤菜的烹调技艺在宋朝和唐朝成熟。 Due to the Ming and Qing thriving economies, the Cantonese had a great promotion. ---由于明清繁荣的经济，粤菜得到很大的推广。 三个分支：广府菜、福建菜、江东菜（客家菜） Interestingly, the Cantonese will eat anything that swims, except the submarine. Everything that flies, expect the plane, and everything that has legs, except the table. The Cantonese cuisine has more than 20 cooking methods, and is good at stir-fry, fry, Deep-fry, bake, braise, steew, ect... The Condiment of cantonese cuisine has Spring onion, ginger, peppers sugar, salt, soy sauce, rice wine, vinegar, scallion oil and sesame oil Boiled white chicken is common to the cultures of Southern China, including Guangdong, Fujian, and Hong Kong. As such, it is present in Chinatowns around the world or wherever Chinese populations reside.
中国古代四大发明 英语
Four Great Inventions of Ancient China is the world's four great inventions impact. Namely, papermaking, the compass, gunpowder, movable type. 四大发明是指中国古代对世界具有很大影响的四种发明。即造纸术、指南针、火药、活字印刷术。 (一)Compass Compass is used to determine position of a simple instrument. Formerly known as Sinan. The main components are mounted on a shaft can freely rotate the needle (commonly known as magnet). Needle on the ground magnetic field can be maintained at the tangent magnetic radial direction. Needle points to the geographical North Pole South Pole, take advantage of this performance can be a sense of direction. Commonly used in navigation, geodesy, travel and military and so on. (一)指南针 指南针是用以判别方位的一种简单仪器。前身是司南。主要组成部分是一根装在轴上可以自由转动的磁针(俗称吸铁石)。磁针在地磁场作用下能保持在磁子午线的切线方向上。磁针的北极指向地理的南极，利用这一性能可以辨别方向。常用于航海、大地测量、旅行及军事等方面。 Compass invented the ancient Chinese practice of long-term understanding of the results of magnetic objects. Ancient Chinese people into contact with magnetite, as he began to understand the nature of magnetism. It cited the first to discover the magnetic properties of iron. Then they discovered that the directivity of the magnet. After many experiments and studies, and finally invented the compass can be useful. 指南针的发明是中国古人在长期的实践中对物体磁性认识的结果。古代中国人接触了磁铁矿，开始了对磁性质的了解。人们首先发现了磁石引铁的性质。后来又发现了磁石的指向性。经过多方的实验和研究，终于发明了可以实用的指南针。 (二)Gunpowder With saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal made from these three kinds of material mixed, but when people have these three kinds of things as the treatment of drug, so the name "gunpowder", meaning "fire medicine." （一）火药 用硝石、硫黄和木碳这三种物质混和制成的，而当时人们都把这三种东西作为治病的药物，所以取名“火药”，意思是“着火的药”。 Since the Qin and Han dynasties, alchemy home sulfur, saltpeter and other items make pills of immortality, from the accidental explosion of the phenomenon of inspiration, and then after repeated practice, and found the powder formula. Wei during the Three Kingdoms state-owned smart technician Ma Jun, the method of gunpowder wrapped in paper made the entertainment of "explosive battle", created a powder application of precedent. 自秦汉以后，炼丹家用硫黄、硝石等物炼丹，从偶然发生爆炸的现象中得到启示，再经过多次实践，找到了火药的配方。三国时魏国有个聪明的技师马钧，用纸包火药的方法做出了娱乐用的“爆仗”，开创了火药应用的先河。 In the end of theTang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be applied to the military. People use riprap stone projectile machines, fire kits lit after the projectile out, burn the enemy, this is the most primitive artillery. Later, people will head spherical
中国四大发明的英文表达
中国四大发明的英文表达 核心单词 invention[?n'ven?(?)n] n. 发明，创造 originate[?'r?d??ne?t] v. 发源于，来自 impact['?mp?kt] n. 影响，作用 symbol['s?mb(?)l] n. 象征，标志 significance[s?g'n?f?k(?)ns] n. 意义，重要性 enormous[?'n??m?s] adj. 巨大的，极大的 celebrated['sel?bre?t?d] adj. 著名的，有名的 compass['k?mp?s] n. 指南针，罗盘 gunpowder['g?npa?d?] n. 火药；有烟火药 printing['pr?nt??] n. 印刷；印刷术 papermaking['pe?p?,me?k??] n. 造纸术 2必备句子 1. Have you ever heard about the Four Great Inventions of China? 你听说过中国的四大发明吗？ 2. The Four Great Inventions are the Compass, Gunpowder, Papermaking, Printing. 四大发明是指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术。 3. Papermaking was a great event in the history of human civilization. 造纸术的产生是人类文明历史中的一个伟大事件。 4. The Four Great Inventions has historical significance for China. 四大发明对中国有伟大的历史意义。 3精练短文 The Four Inventions of ancient China are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance and serve as symbols of Chinese advanced science and technology. The Four Inventions are: The Compass, Gunpowder, Papermaking, Printing. These four inventions had an enormous impact on the development of Chinese civilization and a far-reaching global impact. 中国四大发明因其历史上的重大意义而在中国文化中备受歌颂，并成为中国古代先进科技的象征。四大发明是指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术。四大发明对中国文明和世界文明具有深远影响。
浅谈中国四大菜系的区别与联系
龙源期刊网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/739255633.html, 浅谈中国四大菜系的区别与联系 作者：邵童高子武 来源：《食品安全导刊·下旬刊》2019年第04期 摘要：中国幅员辽阔、地大物博，丰富的地理资源和人文资源造就了饮食文化的多样性 和多元性，根据区域位置和民俗风情的不同，现代学者将中国菜系大致划分成为四大菜系，分别是鲁菜、淮扬菜、粤菜和川菜。四大菜系既各有所长，又殊途同归，共同体现了中国饮食文化的悠久历史和丰富底蕴。 关键词：四大菜系;饮食文化;区别;联系 河流是古代人们生存的根据地和保障，中华民族祖先在我国的黄河流域、长江流域和珠江流域上繁衍生息，日积月累，产生了极具地方特色的文明，同时也孕育了黄河流域的鲁菜系，长江流域的川菜系、淮扬菜系，以及珠江流域的粤菜系[1]。经过后人的传承与发展，各大菜 系不斷改良与完善，时至今日已成为大部分学者所认为的中国四大菜系。四大菜系在用料、刀工、烹饪方法及风格特色上有着一定的差别和联系。 1 用料上的差别 在用料上，鲁菜是起源于山东的齐鲁风味，而山东又气候温和、地貌多样、蔬菜种植历史悠久，号称“世界三大菜园之一”，故鲁菜的选料品种异常丰富与均衡，果蔬、禽畜、海鲜、干珍制品均有所涉猎。长江上游的川菜系极具乡土特色，选料突出“平俗”，就地取材，用到的原料大多随处可见。淮扬菜起源于淮安、扬州，所处的长江中下游地区多为平原，河网密布，不仅有长江支流灌溉，同时还有洪泽湖、宝应湖等中小型湖泊镶嵌其中，故原料大多以水产为主，以江河湖鲜为主料，原料鲜活。粤菜的取材最为广泛，选料珍奇，配料精巧，几乎可以用“无所不吃”来形容，其中最具代表性的便是蛇宴和鼠宴。 2 刀工上的差别 刀工是衡量烹饪技艺的重要标准之一。四大菜系中最讲究刀工的当属淮扬菜，文思豆腐——软嫩的豆腐切成细丝做汤、大煮干丝——2 cm厚的方干切成30薄片，都体现了淮扬菜对于刀工的极高追求。与淮扬菜相比，鲁菜、粤菜刀工也是有过之而无不及，《同话录》中有记载，山东厨师在泰山庙会上的刀工表演，厨师令一人脱去上衣趴在地上，以其背部作为案板，取来猪肉一斤，在背上运刀切片，切完之后撤去猪肉擦拭之，背上竟无丝毫损伤，在场百姓无不瞠目结舌，可见其刀工精湛，这与如今厨师垫稠布切肉丝的表演有着异曲同工之妙。川菜认为食材并不是切得越细越好，而是讲究匀称、大小一致，精细的刀工虽看上去美观但也耗费了一定的时间精力。 3 烹饪方法上的差异
最新《中国风·用英语介绍中国高频100话题》创想外语-资料
Chapter 中国烙印／The Impression of China 01 中国概况／Introductions of China 02 四大发明／Four Great Inventions of Ancient China 03 儒家文化／Confucian Culture 04 中原文化／Zhong Yuan Culture 05 楚湘文化／Chu-Xiang Culture 06 燕赵文化／Yan-Zhao Culture 07 大运河文化／The Grand Canal Culture 08 汉唐文化／The Culture of Han-Tang Dynasties 09 蒙古西征／The Western Expedition of Mongolian Empire 10 中国第一个皇帝秦始皇／The First Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang 11 中国三圣／Three Ancient Sages of China: Confucius, Lao-Tzu, Huineng 12 一代伟人毛泽东／The Greatest Leader of China, Mao Zedong Chapter 远去的记忆／In the Fading Memory 01 皇宫文化／The Palace Culture 02 胡同文化／The Hutong Culture 03 上海里弄／Shanghai Li-Longs 04 帮会与镖局／The Gangs and Armed Escorts 05 艄公／Boatman 06 货郎／Itinerant Pedlar 07 印章篆刻／Seal Cutting 08 泥人张／Zhang’s Clay Figure 09 屏风／The Screen 10 算盘／Abacus Chapter 自然景观／The Natural Landscapes 01 珠穆朗玛峰／Mount Qomolangma 02 黄山／Mount Huangshan 03 青海湖／Qinghai Lake 04 五台山／Mount Wutai 05 九寨沟／Jiuzhaigou 06 张家界国家森林公园／Zhangjiajie National Forest Park 07 三峡／The Three Gorges 08 泰山／Mount Tai 09 桂林山水／The Landscape of Guilin 10 黄果树瀑布／Huangguoshu Waterfall 11 呼伦贝尔草原／Hulunbuir Grassland 12 雅鲁藏布江大峡谷／Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon
中国菜系介绍
中国四大菜系和饮食文化 中国悠久的历史、广袤的国土、与世界各国和海外文化的广泛接触，孕育了中餐烹饪的独特艺术。几千年具有鲜明地方特色的区域菜系不断推陈出新，受到越来越多的海外人士的青睐，成了我国对外文化交流的友好使者。既然中餐已经成为中国文化不可或缺的一部分，那么中国到底有多少种地方菜系呢？据有关人士统计，中国有鲁菜、川菜、粤菜和扬州菜等四大地方菜系。福建—台湾菜通常被列为第五种地方菜系。这里必须指出，这种区域划分并无严格的地理界线。例如，北京菜虽属鲁菜，却也融入了一些川菜的特色，同时受到蒙古菜的影响。又如，扬州菜系的范围，覆盖了人口居住密集的整个长江三角洲地区，汇集了无锡、苏州、上海和杭州等菜式。而全国各地的地方风味小吃以及少数民族风味餐，则数以千计，甚至难以数计。 由于地方菜系之间存在着频频交覆现象，以及相互借鉴的情况，人们因而认为，区分地方菜系最为简便的方法是按菜的知名度，而不只是按菜的烹调风格或口味进行辨别。中国四大菜系大致可按以下这些特点区分： 鲁菜通常较咸，汁色普遍较浅。鲁菜注重选料，精于刀功，善于炊技。作为我国北方菜系的代表，鲁菜烹饪技术广泛用于明清两代的宫廷菜。 川菜选料范围大，调味及炊技变化多样。据统计，川菜的品种在五千以上。川菜最大的特点是口味重，以麻辣著称。 最难归类的粤菜强调清炒浅煮，选料似乎不受限制。粤菜源于明清，在发展过程中不仅吸收借鉴了中国北方烹调和西餐烹调的精华，同时也保持了自己的传统特色。 扬州菜以江苏境内的扬州、南京、苏州等地的地方菜式为基础。扬州菜注重选料的原汁原味，在菜的装饰上讲究形态的艺术性和颜色的鲜艳性，扬州菜实际上揉合了南北菜系之精华。 也有人以八个字来归纳这四大菜系的口味特点，即“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”。 评价中餐烹调的优劣可根据中餐的三大要素，即“色、香、味”。“色”作为“色、香、味”三要素中的首要标准，充分体现在宴会菜肴的装盘、摆放和图案上。最能显示色彩的是首先上桌的那道煞费苦心而精心制作的冷盘。“香”不仅是指鼻子对事物的直接感受，它还包括所选材料的新鲜程度以及佐料的合理调配。“味”则体现了恰到好处的调味艺术，当然它也包括食物的质地，以及切菜的刀功。色香味这三大要素的高品质，只有通过选料、调料、适时烹调、把握火候、装盘上桌这些微妙步骤的细心协调，才能取得。 八人一桌的标准晚餐含四道冷盘、四道热炒，外加汤和米饭。外国宾客见之，常常惊叹不已，将其视为一次丰盛的晚宴。但在中国人眼里，以这种规格的晚餐招待宾客，只是一种起码的标准。准备10道分量适中的菜肴并不为过，及时献上16道菜，已不足为奇。在中国，一桌标准宴席包括四至八个事先制作好的冷盘，八道现做的热炒、两道观赏性大菜（如全鱼、乳猪、全鸡等），此外还有汤、米饭和点心。晚宴结束前还有一道水果。来华访问的海外宾客应记住，赴宴不可贪吃，每道菜“浅尝辄止”。从这个角度上来讲，中国宴席犹如西方国家的冷餐招待会。 但是，中国的普通家餐却完全不同于宴席。一个成年人平时在家就餐时，通常只吃两小碗米饭，或一大碗面条，或几只馒头，外加几个荤素炒菜，而非以菜为主，以米饭和面食为辅。对大多数中国人来说，从一餐饭中所摄取的热量有65%来自谷粮。 作为一种世代相袭的传统，中国人就餐时围桌而坐，人人手里都有一碗主食，炒菜放在桌子中央，大家一起食用。这一古老的风俗习惯反映了食物在中华文明史上的重要地位：占据餐桌中心位置的是炒菜而不是鲜花，晚餐的主要话题常常是食物。菜肴的各种色彩和材料搭配，给人以美的享受。共食一碗菜的习俗有助于家庭成员之间的团结和友谊。当然，在一些卫生意识比较强的地方，人们在共食放在餐桌中央的菜肴时，必须使用“公筷”或“公用”汤匙，以防疾病传染。 以上所介绍的情况对外国客人来说，虽不应是一种离奇的“天方夜谭”，却也说明中国人在饮食方面所持有的价值观与西方人有很大的不同。不过，中国人民与世界各族人民都有一个相同的基本观念，那就是亲朋好友相聚，美酒佳肴相敬，实在是人生之最大的快乐。
中国四大发明英文介绍
Hello everyone. Today I’m going to talk about the Four Great Inventions of the Ancient China. Do you know their name in English? If you don’t, let me introduce to you. Papermaking technology During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun summed up the experience of forefathers, began to improve papermaking technology. He used a lot of simple things and produced the ‘Cai Hou’paper. This kind of paper is thin and can write easily. He made enormous contribution for China. It was produced to other countries after about 500 years. Typography Typography is a kind of printing. Before printing was invented, people had to record information by writing or other ways. But it always took a lot of time. Then Bi Sheng invented typography and improved the printing technology. It began to take less time and become easy to record information. It’s a great achievement in the history. Compass It was invented in the Warring States. After people found that a magnet could give directions, the compass was invented. It was a magnet made into a shape of spoon. When it stops, the spoon can point to the south. Then, it was produced to Europe in the 13th century. Not everywhere has
2017英语六级翻译话题预测：四大发明
2017英语六级翻译话题预测：四大发明 ? 请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 中国的四大发明包括指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术，它们是中国在人类文明占有重要地位的标志之一。第一个指南针产生于战国时期(the Warring States Period)，是利用天然磁石(natural magnet)来辨别方向的一种简单仪器。火药发明于隋唐时期，主要应用于军事领域，造纸术于东汉年间由蔡伦改进，使纸成为人们普遍使用的书写材料。印刷术，又称活字印刷术，大大促进了文化的传播。四大发明对世界经济的发展和人类文化的进步做出了巨大的贡献。 参考翻译: Four great inventions of China include thecompass,gun powder,the paper-making techniqueand the printing technique.They are one of themarks that China occupies an important position inthe history of human civilization.The first compasswas invented during the Warring States Period.It was a simple device employing naturalmagnets to identify directions.Gunpowder was invented in Sui and Tang Dynasties and wasmainly used in military areas.The paper-making technique was developed by Cai Lun in theEastern Han Dynasty,making paper a commonly used writing material.The Printingtechnique,also called movable type printing,promoted the spread of culture significantly.Thefour great inventions of China made tremendous contribution to the development of theworld's economy and the progress of the culture of mankind. 1.第二句的主干是“它们是标志之一”，“标志(mark)”的定语很长，可用that引导的定语从句来修饰。 2.第三句“第一个指南针…”较长，可拆译为两个句子，前一句说明指南针产生的时间，后一句说明指南针的原理。“利用磁石来辨别方位的一种简单仪器”先译出主干“它是一种简单仪器”，再将长定语处理为现在分词短语employing...作后置定语。 3.第五句“造纸术于东汉年间…”中的“由蔡伦改进”提示要使用被动语态，“使纸成为人们普遍使用的书写材料”是造纸术改进的结果，可译为现在分词短语making...作结果状语。 4.末句的主干为“四大发明做出了巨大贡献”，注意与contribution搭配的是介词to，因此to后接名词短语，说明是对哪方面的贡献。